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Aslam Khan MU, Aslam MA, Bin Abdullah MF, Stojanović GM. Current Perspectives of Protein in Bone Tissue Engineering: Bone Structure, Ideal Scaffolds, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, Scopes, and Future Advances. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5082-5106. [PMID: 39007509 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In view of their exceptional approach, excellent inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, and interaction with the local extracellular matrix, protein-based polymers have received attention in bone tissue engineering, which is a multidisciplinary field that repairs and regenerates fractured bones. Bone is a multihierarchical complex structure, and it performs several essential biofunctions, including maintaining mineral balance and structural support and protecting soft organs. Protein-based polymers have gained interest in developing ideal scaffolds as emerging biomaterials for bone fractured healing and regeneration, and it is challenging to design ideal bone substitutes as perfect biomaterials. Several protein-based polymers, including collagen, keratin, gelatin, serum albumin, etc., are potential materials due to their inherent cytocompatibility, controlled biodegradability, high biofunctionalization, and tunable mechanical characteristics. While numerous studies have indicated the encouraging possibilities of proteins in BTE, there are still major challenges concerning their biodegradability, stability in physiological conditions, and continuous release of growth factors and bioactive molecules. Robust scaffolds derived from proteins can be used to replace broken or diseased bone with a biocompatible substitute; proteins, being biopolymers, provide excellent scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Herein, recent developments in protein polymers for cutting-edge bone tissue engineering are addressed in this review within 3-5 years, with a focus on the significant challenges and future perspectives. The first section discusses the structural fundamentals of bone anatomy and ideal scaffolds, and the second section describes the fabrication techniques of scaffolds. The third section highlights the importance of proteins and their applications in BTE. Hence, the recent development of protein polymers for state-of-the-art bone tissue engineering has been discussed, highlighting the significant challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Azhar Aslam
- Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 39161, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Faizal Bin Abdullah
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus Kubang Kerian 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Goran M Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Rodríguez-Martín M, Aguilar JM, Castro-Criado D, Romero A. Characterization of Gelatin-Polycaprolactone Membranes by Electrospinning. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:70. [PMID: 38392116 PMCID: PMC10887028 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
New advances in materials science and medicine have enabled the development of new and increasingly sophisticated biomaterials. One of the most widely used biopolymers is polycaprolactone (PCL) because it has properties suitable for biomedical applications, tissue engineering scaffolds, or drug delivery systems. However, PCL scaffolds do not have adequate bioactivity, and therefore, alternatives have been studied, such as mixing PCL with bioactive polymers such as gelatin, to promote cell growth. Thus, this work will deal with the fabrication of nanofiber membranes by means of the electrospinning technique using PCL-based solutions (12 wt.% and 20 wt.%) and PCL with gelatin (12 wt.% and 8 wt.%, respectively). Formic acid and acetic acid, as well as mixtures of both in different proportions, have been used to prepare the preliminary solutions, thus supporting the electrospinning process by controlling the viscosity of the solutions and, therefore, the size and uniformity of the fibers. The physical properties of the solutions and the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the membranes were evaluated. Results demonstrate that it is possible to achieve the determined properties of the samples with an appropriate selection of polymer concentrations as well as solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Aguilar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Castro-Criado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Syed Mohamed SMD, Welsh GI, Roy I. Renal tissue engineering for regenerative medicine using polymers and hydrogels. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5706-5726. [PMID: 37401545 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing worldwide problem, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Current treatments for ESRD include haemodialysis and kidney transplantation, but both are deemed inadequate since haemodialysis does not address all other kidney functions, and there is a shortage of suitable donor organs for transplantation. Research in kidney tissue engineering has been initiated to take a regenerative medicine approach as a potential treatment alternative, either to develop effective cell therapy for reconstruction or engineer a functioning bioartificial kidney. Currently, renal tissue engineering encompasses various materials, mainly polymers and hydrogels, which have been chosen to recreate the sophisticated kidney architecture. It is essential to address the chemical and mechanical aspects of the materials to ensure they can support cell development to restore functionality and feasibility. This paper reviews the types of polymers and hydrogels that have been used in kidney tissue engineering applications, both natural and synthetic, focusing on the processing and formulation used in creating bioactive substrates and how these biomaterials affect the cell biology of the kidney cells used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Renal Bristol, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S37HQ, UK.
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Handley E, Callanan A. Effects of electrospun fibers containing ascorbic acid on oxidative stress reduction for cardiac tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2023; 140:e54242. [PMID: 38439767 PMCID: PMC10909520 DOI: 10.1002/app.54242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides promise for regeneration of cardiac tissue following myocardial infarction. However, the harsh microenvironment of the infarct hampers the efficacy of regenerative therapies. Ischemia-reperfusion injury dramatically increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the infarcted area, causing a cascade of further cellular injury. Implantable tissue engineered grafts can target this oxidative stress by delivering pharmaceutical compounds directly into the diseased tissue. Herein, we successfully fabricated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers containing varying concentrations of ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant well known for its ROS-scavenging capabilities. The antioxidant scaffolds displayed significantly improved scavenging of DPPH radicals, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, in a dose dependent manner. Mechanical properties testing indicated that incorporation of ascorbic acid enhanced the strength and Young's modulus of the material, correlating with a moderate but non-significant increase in the crystallinity. Moreover, the scaffolds supported adhesion and maintained survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, indicating good cytocompatibility. These results provide motivation for the use of ascorbic acid-containing fibrous scaffolds to regulate the highly oxidative microenvironment following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella‐Louise Handley
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of EngineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Johnston A, Callanan A. Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020205. [PMID: 37218791 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
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Miranda CC, Gomes MR, Moço M, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P. A Concise Review on Electrospun Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100554. [PMID: 36290522 PMCID: PMC9598616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases globally and treatment methods are still insufficient, relying mostly on transplantation and dialysis. Engineering of kidney tissues in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a solution to this medical need by restoring the function of damaged kidneys. However, implementation of such approaches is still challenging to achieve due to the complexity of mature kidneys in vivo. Several strategies have been defined to obtain kidney progenitor endothelial and epithelial cells that could form nephrons and proximal tube cells, but these lack tissue maturity and vascularisation to be further implemented. Electrospinning is a technique that has shown promise in the development of physiological microenvironments of several tissues and could be applied in the engineering of kidney tissues. Synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been explored in the manufacturing of fibres that align and promote the proliferation and cell-to-cell interactions of kidney cells. Natural polymers including silk fibroin and decellularised extracellular matrix have also been explored alone and in combination with synthetic polymers promoting the differentiation of podocytes and tubular-specific cells. Despite these attempts, further work is still required to advance the applications of electrospun fibres in kidney tissue engineering and explore this technique in combination with other manufacturing methods such as bioprinting to develop more organised, mature and reproducible kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
| | - Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
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Goddi A, Carmona A, Park SY, Dalgin G, Gonzalez Porras MA, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminin-α4 Negatively Regulates Adipocyte Beiging Through the Suppression of AMPKα in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6704644. [PMID: 36124842 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-α4 (LAMA4) is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function. Prior research describes a role for LAMA4 in modulating adipocyte thermogenesis and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we describe that Lama4 knockout mice (Lama4-/-) exhibit heightened mitochondrial biogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) expression in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Furthermore, the acute silencing of LAMA4 with small interfering RNA in primary murine adipocytes was sufficient to upregulate the expression of thermogenic markers UCP1 and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16). Silencing also resulted in an upregulation of PGC1-α and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α expression. Subsequently, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is downregulated in the sWAT of Lama4-/- mice, and its silencing in adipocytes similarly resulted in elevated expression of UCP1 and AMPKα. Last, we demonstrate that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thermogenic adipocytes with LAMA4 (LN411) inhibited the expression of thermogenic markers and AMPKα. Overall, our results indicate that LAMA4 negatively regulates a thermogenic phenotype and pathways involving mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the suppression of AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Alanis Carmona
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gokhan Dalgin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Li H, Xu M, Shi R, Zhang A, Zhang J. Advances in Electrostatic Spinning of Polymer Fibers Functionalized with Metal-Based Nanocrystals and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:5548. [PMID: 36080317 PMCID: PMC9458223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the metal-based nanocrystal (NC) hierarchical structure requirements in many real applications, starting from basic synthesis principles of electrostatic spinning technology, the formation of functionalized fibrous materials with inorganic metallic and semiconductor nanocrystalline materials by electrostatic spinning synthesis technology in recent years was reviewed. Several typical electrostatic spinning synthesis methods for nanocrystalline materials in polymers are presented. Finally, the specific applications and perspectives of such electrostatic spun nanofibers in the biomedical field are reviewed in terms of antimicrobial fibers, biosensing and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Li
- Institute of Medical-Industrial Integration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Institute of Medical-Industrial Integration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- Institute of Medical-Industrial Integration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Institute of Medical-Industrial Integration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Suhito IR, Kim JW, Koo K, Nam SA, Kim YK, Kim T. In Situ Detection of Kidney Organoid Generation From Stem Cells Using a Simple Electrochemical Method. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200074. [PMID: 35506260 PMCID: PMC9284177 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organoids that mimic the structural and cellular characteristics of kidneys in vitro have recently emerged as a promising source for biomedical research. However, uncontrollable cellular heterogeneity after differentiation often results in the generation of off-target cells, one of the most challenging issues in organoid research. This study proposes a new method that enables the real-time assessment of kidney organoids derived from stem cells. When placed on a conductive surface, these organoids generate unique electrochemical signals at ≈0.3 V with intensities proportional to the amount of kidney-specific cell types. Off-target cells (i.e., non-kidney cells) produce an electrical signature at 0 V that is distinguishable from other surrounding cell types, enabling non-destructive assessment of both the differentiation, and maturation levels of kidney organoids. The developed platform can be applied to other types of organoids and is thus highly promising as a tool for organoid-based drug screening, toxicity assessment, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyeong‐Mo Koo
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Cell Death Disease Research CenterCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSt. Vincent's HospitalSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative EngineeringChung‐Ang UniversitySeoul06974Republic of Korea
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Handley EL, Callanan A. Modulation of Tissue Microenvironment Following Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Louise Handley
- Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3DW UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3DW UK
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Effect of Ionic and Non-Ionic Surfactant on Bovine Serum Albumin Encapsulation and Biological Properties of Emulsion-Electrospun Fibers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103232. [PMID: 35630708 PMCID: PMC9143061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion electrospinning is a method of modifying a fibers’ surface and functional properties by encapsulation of the bioactive molecules. In our studies, bovine serum albumin (BSA) played the role of the modifier, and to protect the protein during the electrospinning process, the W/O (water-in-oil) emulsions were prepared, consisting of polymer and micelles formed from BSA and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate–S) or nonionic (Tween 80–T) surfactant. It was found that the micelle size distribution was strongly dependent on the nature and the amount of the surfactant, indicating that a higher concentration of the surfactant results in a higher tendency to form smaller micelles (4–9 µm for S and 8–13 µm for T). The appearance of anionic surfactant micelles reduced the diameter of the fiber (100–700 nm) and the wettability of the nonwoven surface (up to 77°) compared to un-modified PCL polymer fibers (100–900 nm and 130°). The use of a non-ionic surfactant resulted in better loading efficiency of micelles with albumin (about 90%), lower wettability of the nonwoven fabric (about 25°) and the formation of larger fibers (100–1100 nm). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to detect the presence of the protein, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine the loading efficiency and the nature of the release. The results showed that the location of the micelles influenced the release profiles of the protein, and the materials modified with micelles with the nonionic surfactant showed no burst release. The release kinetics was characteristic of the zero-order release model compared to anionic surfactants. The selected surfactant concentrations did not adversely affect the biological properties of fibrous substrates, such as high viability and low cytotoxicity of RAW macrophages 264.7.
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Abstract
The successful transplantation of stem cells has the potential to transform regenerative medicine approaches and open promising avenues to repair, replace, and regenerate diseased, damaged, or aged tissues. However, pre-/post-transplantation issues of poor cell survival, retention, cell fate regulation, and insufficient integration with host tissues constitute significant challenges. The success of stem cell transplantation depends upon the coordinated sequence of stem cell renewal, specific lineage differentiation, assembly, and maintenance of long-term function. Advances in biomaterials can improve pre-/post-transplantation outcomes by integrating biophysiochemical cues and emulating tissue microenvironments. This review highlights leading biomaterials-based approaches for enhancing stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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