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Al-Snafi AE, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Akinfe OA, Teibo TKA, Emieseimokumo N, Elfiky MM, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Garbeeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Mahana HAM, Younes AM, Elbanna OA, Qasem AEAR, Shahin IYI, Batiha GES. The therapeutic value of Myrtus communis L.: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4579-4600. [PMID: 38319389 PMCID: PMC11166855 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. (Family: Myrtaceae) is naturally found in the western part of Asia, Southern Europe, and North Africa. It has been reportedly applied in pharmaceutical industry, traditional medicine, cosmetics, spices, and food. Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were utilized to seek out relevant content concerning the therapeutic potential of M. communis. Subsequently, we conducted a review to identity noteworthy updates pertaining to M. communis. Myrtle berries, leaves, seeds, and essential oils are natural sources of several nutrients and bioactive compounds with marked health effects. The chemical analysis showed that M. communis contained oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, coumarins, saponosides, tannins, quinines, and anthraquinones. A pharmacological investigation revealed that M. communis possessed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, dermatological, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal protective effects, among numerous other biological effects. This current review focused on the biochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic effects, and various biological activities of different parts of M. communis. It signifies that M. communis is a therapeutic plant with numerous applications in medicine and could be used as a drug isolate based on its safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Numonde Emieseimokumo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rivers State University, Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Mohamed M Elfiky
- Anatomy Department, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Garbeeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, 11741, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hitham Alaa Mohammed Mahana
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Maher Younes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Osama Ashraf Elbanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elrahman Ali Radwan Qasem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Yasser Ibrahim Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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Billamboz M, Jawhara S. Anti- Malassezia Drug Candidates Based on Virulence Factors of Malassezia-Associated Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2599. [PMID: 37894257 PMCID: PMC10609646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia is a lipophilic unicellular fungus that is able, under specific conditions, to cause severe cutaneous and systemic diseases in predisposed subjects. This review is divided into two complementary parts. The first one discusses how virulence factors contribute to Malassezia pathogenesis that triggers skin diseases. These virulence factors include Malassezia cell wall resistance, lipases, phospholipases, acid sphingomyelinases, melanin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), indoles, hyphae formation, hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation. The second section describes active compounds directed specifically against identified virulence factors. Among the strategies for controlling Malassezia spread, this review discusses the development of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists, inhibition of secreted lipase, and fighting biofilms. Overall, this review offers an updated compilation of Malassezia species, including their virulence factors, potential therapeutic targets, and strategies for controlling their spread. It also provides an update on the most active compounds used to control Malassezia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Billamboz
- INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
- JUNIA, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Samir Jawhara
- CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, INSERM U1285, University of Lille, 1 Place Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
- Medicine Faculty, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, F-59000 Lille, France
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Spengler G, Gajdács M, Donadu MG, Usai M, Marchetti M, Ferrari M, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Nagy F, Kovács R. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antivirulent Potential of Essential Oils Isolated from Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa Aerial Parts. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040758. [PMID: 35456809 PMCID: PMC9032431 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the worsening situation with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and a disparity in the commercialization of novel antimicrobial agents, scientists have been prompted to seek out new compounds with antimicrobial activity from a wide range of sources, including medicinal plants. In the present study, the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-virulence, and resistance-modulating properties of the essential oil from the Sardinian endemic Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa aerial parts were evaluated. The GC/MS analysis showed that the main compounds in the oil were α-pinene (56.63 ± 0.24%), limonene (14.66 ± 0.11%), and β-pinene (13.42 ± 0.09%). The essential oil showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (0.25–2 v/v%) and Salmonella spp. (4 v/v%). The strongest fungicidal activity was recorded against Candida auris sessile cells (median FICI was 0.088) but not against C. albicans biofilms (median FICI was 1). The oil showed potent efflux pump inhibitory properties in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The therapeutic potential of Juniperus may be promising for future more extensive research and in vivo tests to develop new drugs against antibiotic and antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 63, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Matthew Gavino Donadu
- Hospital Pharmacy, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Mauro Marchetti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR), Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.F.); (V.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.N.); (R.K.)
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Botanic Garden as a Factory of Molecules: Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis as a Case Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060754. [PMID: 35336637 PMCID: PMC8949965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel perception of botanic gardens as complex “factories of molecules” (Lombardy Region Project–Lr. 25/2016, year 2021), that mediate plant–environment interactions, and are the basis of their utility for humans, is presented. The core-topic is the medicinal plant heritage of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy) of the University of Milan. In this work, we studied Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis (Myrtaceae) at multiple scale levels: macro- and micromorphological, with special emphasis on the secretory structures responsible for the production of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) composition from leaves (fresh, dried, stored at −20 °C and at −80 °C) and fruits over two consecutive years (2018 and 2019); bio-ecological, with a focus, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. The occurrence of secretory cavities producing terpenes, along with flavonoids, was proven. A high level of chemical variability across the obtained EO profiles emerged, especially that concerning quantitative data. However, regardless of the different conservation procedures, the examined plant part, or the phenological stage, we detected the presence of three ubiquitous compounds: α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and linalool. The overall results will serve to enrich the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with novel labeling showing accurate and updated scientific information in an Open science perspective.
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Xia J, Wang Z, Li T, Lu F, Sheng D, Huang W. Immunosuppressed Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Invasive Fungal Infections: The Fungal Species Distribution, Antifungal Sensitivity and Associated Risk Factors in a Tertiary Hospital of Anhui Province. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:321-333. [PMID: 35140478 PMCID: PMC8818762 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s351260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the nosocomial fungal infections increasingly emerge, we extensively investigated the fungal species stratification and antifungal sensitivity profiles, clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of immunosuppressed patients with clinically diagnosed invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in a tertiary hospital of Anhui province. Methods In total, 112 subjects with immunosuppressive state were enrolled from a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Central China between July 2019 and December 2021. Eight-one fungal isolates were clinically recovered by fungus-culturing approaches. The identifications were conducted through a mass spectrometry detecting platform. The susceptibilities to antifungals were tested using the broth micro-dilution method, and the possible antifungal azole-resistance mechanism in specific Candida species was availably explored by sequencing. Patient medical profiles were accessed via the digitized retrieval system of hospital, from which clinical outcomes and multiple risk factors for immunosuppressed patients with clinically diagnosed IFIs were explicitly documented for evaluation. Results Candida species predominated in clinically diagnosed IFIs of immunosuppressed patients (accounting for 88.88%), followed by Trichosporon and Aspergillus species (6.17% and 4.94%, respectively). The source types of specimen were primarily comprised of urine (41.98%), respiratory samples (33.33%) and peripheral blood (9.88%). Frequently isolated Candida and Trichosporon species exhibited a high level of in vitro sensitivity for amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, whereas a substantial portion of Candida species including C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis complex and C. tropicalis, and Trichosporon species showed lowered sensitivity patterns toward itraconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole at different levels. Specifically, gene mutations of ERG11 were identified in azole-resistant C. tropicalis. Distinct risk factors were analyzed to be highly associated with the clinically diagnosed IFI incidence, mainly including hospitalization duration, surgical procedures, immunosuppressive treatments, underlying diseases and other conditions. Conclusion Candida, Trichosporon and Aspergillus species were the top three pathogenic fungal agents causing clinically diagnosed IFIs in immunosuppressed patients. The attenuated sensitivity to azoles in Candida and Trichosporon species needs close surveillance, and ERG11 polymorphism might contribute to azole resistance in specific Candida species. Multiple featured risk factors for immunosuppressed patients developing clinically diagnosed IFIs require further consideration during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinxing Xia, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email ; Wei Huang, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Zhongxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanbo Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daping Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinxing Xia, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email ; Wei Huang, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Mirzaii M, Yaeghoobi M, Afzali M, Amirkhalili N, Mahmoodi M, Sajirani EB. Antifungal activities of quince seed mucilage hydrogel decorated with essential oils of Nigella sativa, Citrus sinensis and Cinnamon verum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:352-359. [PMID: 34540174 PMCID: PMC8416591 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i3.6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor are opportunistic fungal infections that are caused by Candida spp. and Malassezia spp. yeasts. Conventional drugs like azole and amino derivatives are known to treat fungal skin diseases. However, drawbacks like long-term side effects and drug resistance lead to investigate on antifungal properties of phytochemicals as an alternative to available synthetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The herbal nano hydrogel was successfully synthesized from Quince Seed extract followed by ultrasonic treatment and it has been formulated using a mixture of essential oils. We evaluated the antifungal in vitro assay for a mixture of essential oils in combination with herbal nano hydrogel against Candida albicans and Malasezia furfur strains by micro dilution method. Results: The results indicated that essential oils possess antifungal activity with the MIC value of 12.5 and 6.24 mg/ml against C. albicans and M. furfur, respectively. No fungicidal effect was reported for the herbal hydrogel before nanofabrication while it shown some antifungal activity after ultrasonic treatment for 5 and 10 minutes. As anticipated; the antifungal property of essential oil mixture was appreciably improved when it combined with herbal nano hydrogel where the highest level of inhibition was observed at concentration of 3.125 mg/ml for both strains. The loss in biological activity observed when the ultrasonic treatment on herbal nano hydrogel performed for longer time. Conclusion: The proposed plant-based nano formulation shown promising in vitro antifungal activities against C. albicans and M. furfur strains and its antifungal properties were comparable with commercially available agents like clotrimazole. The new formulation expected to be safe with minimum long-term side effects. Further investigations are underway to confirm the safety and the mechanism of the action of this new herbal formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirzaii
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Marzieh Yaeghoobi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Meysam Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Neginsadat Amirkhalili
- Young and Elite Research Club, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mahmoodi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh Sajirani
- Department of Horticulture Crops Research, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Semnan Province, Shahrood, Iran
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Rhimi W, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Aneke CI, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Conventional therapy and new antifungal drugs against Malassezia infections. Med Mycol 2021; 59:215-234. [PMID: 33099634 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia yeasts are commensal microorganisms occurring on the skin of humans and animals causing dermatological disorders or systemic infections in severely immunocompromised hosts. Despite attempts to control such yeast infections with topical and systemic antifungals, recurrence of clinical signs of skin infections as well as treatment failure in preventing or treating Malassezia furfur fungemia have been reported most likely due to wrong management of these infections (e.g., due to early termination of treatment) or due to the occurrence of resistant phenomena. Standardized methods for in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests of these yeasts are still lacking, thus resulting in variable susceptibility profiles to azoles among Malassezia spp. and a lack of clinical breakpoints. The inherent limitations to the current pharmacological treatments for Malassezia infections both in humans and animals, stimulated the interest of the scientific community to discover new, effective antifungal drugs or substances to treat these infections. In this review, data about the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of the most commonly employed drugs (i.e., azoles, polyenes, allylamines, and echinocandins) against Malassezia yeasts, with a focus on human bloodstream infections, are summarized and their clinical implications are discussed. In addition, the usefulness of alternative compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Galinari CB, Conrado PCV, Sakita KM, Arita GS, Melo RC, Capoci IR, Dos Santos RS, Bruschi ML, Kioshima ES, Svidzinski TIE, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS. New approach to the use of propolis against dermatomycosis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4215-4220. [PMID: 34470510 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1973457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, propolis extract (PE) has demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of a bioadhesive thermoresponsive system containing 16% propolis (BTSP 16%) against Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. We also evaluated PE alone against the same strains. The results showed that both PE and BTSP 16% significantly reduced the fungal viability of all evaluated strains. In addition, they interacted with the biofilm of these species in different stages of biofilm formation. We observed that the bioadhesive and thermoresponsive properties of BTSP 16% prolonged propolis presence at infection sites, leading to positive results against planktonic fungal cells and mature biofilms. These characteristics make this formulation a valuable alternative treatment for dermatomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B Galinari
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna C V Conrado
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina M Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia S Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Melo
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isis Regina Capoci
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos L Bruschi
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika S Kioshima
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Lin L, Long N, Qiu M, Liu Y, Sun F, Dai M. The Inhibitory Efficiencies of Geraniol as an Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial, Natural Agent Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in vivo. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2991-3000. [PMID: 34385822 PMCID: PMC8352600 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s318989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotics wee widely used as feed additives in animal husbandry. With the increase of drug resistance of bacteria, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to antibiotics. Clinically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections account for about 25% to 50% of Staphylococcus aureus infections worldwide. Similarly, it is also one of the pathogens that cause serious animal infections. Methods We established a mouse model of systemic infection of MRSA to study the preventive effect of geraniol on MRSA and the immunomodulatory effect of geraniol. The mice in the experiment were injected with geraniol by intramuscular injection and were fed intraperitoneally with minimum lethal dose of MRSA. Then, the survival rate, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors in serum were measured. These values were used to estimate the bacterial load in different organs and to assess histopathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Results The above-mentioned two ways of using geraniol could prevent MRSA infection in vivo in mice and showed a significant dose–response relationship. In other words, geraniol significantly decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in MRSA-infected mice. At the same time, the level of glutathione peroxidase also increased in a dose–proportional relationship. In the group of mice treated with geraniol, their superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher than those in the vancomycin. After treatment with geraniol, the burden of MRSA decreased. No obvious histopathological abnormalities were found in the liver and kidney of MRSA-infected mice. In addition, geraniol improved the inflammatory changes in the lungs. Conclusion The results indicated that geraniol was a natural substance that could be used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial substance to protect mice from MRSA systemic infection. Generally, the research shows that as a natural medicine, geraniol has broad potential in the development and application of antibiotic substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Long
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qiu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Drug Repurposing in Medical Mycology: Identification of Compounds as Potential Antifungals to Overcome the Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Fungi. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050488. [PMID: 34065420 PMCID: PMC8161392 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunodepression, whether due to HIV infection or organ transplantation, has increased human vulnerability to fungal infections. These conditions have created an optimal environment for the emergence of opportunistic infections, which is concomitant to the increase in antifungal resistance. The use of conventional antifungal drugs as azoles and polyenes can lead to clinical failure, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Difficulties related to treating fungal infections combined with the time required to develop new drugs, require urgent consideration of other therapeutic alternatives. Drug repurposing is one of the most promising and rapid solutions that the scientific and medical community can turn to, with low costs and safety advantages. To treat life-threatening resistant fungal infections, drug repurposing has led to the consideration of well-known and potential molecules as a last-line therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of current antifungal compounds and their main resistance mechanisms, following by an overview of the antifungal activity of non-traditional antimicrobial drugs. We provide their eventual mechanisms of action and the synergistic combinations that improve the activity of current antifungal treatments. Finally, we discuss drug repurposing for the main emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) fungus, including the Candida auris, Aspergillus or Cryptococcus species.
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11
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Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050383. [PMID: 34069001 PMCID: PMC8156898 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens, essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans. In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
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12
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Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils and Their Compounds for Application in Skin Fungal Infections: Conventional and Nonconventional Approaches. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26041093. [PMID: 33669627 PMCID: PMC7922942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are known to have varying degrees of antimicrobial properties that are mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These include antiviral, nematicidal, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. This review highlights the potential of EOs and their compounds for application as antifungal agents for the treatment of skin diseases via conventional and nonconventional approaches. A search was conducted using three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar), and all relevant articles from the period of 2010-2020 that are freely available in English were extracted. In our findings, EOs with a high percentage of monoterpenes showed strong ability as potential antifungal agents. Lavandula sp., Salvia sp., Thymus sp., Citrus sp., and Cymbopogon sp. were among the various species found to show excellent antifungal properties against various skin diseases. Some researchers developed advanced formulations such as gel, semi-solid, and ointment bases to further evaluate the effectiveness of EOs as antifungal agents. To date, most studies on the application of EOs as antifungal agents were performed using in vitro techniques, and only a limited number pursued in vivo and intervention-based research.
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13
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Inhibitory Potential of Essential Oils on Malassezia strains by Various Plants. THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE ON PLANT SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/iecps2020-08838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Novel sulfamoylbenzoates as antifungal agents against Malassezia furfur. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Donato R, Sacco C, Pini G, Bilia AR. Antifungal activity of different essential oils against Malassezia pathogenic species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112376. [PMID: 31704415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants produce essential oils in response to physiological stresses, pathogen attacks and ecological factors. Nowadays, they are recognized as defence compounds and attractors of pollinators. Essential oils have been traditionally used in the past years in various cultures for medicinal and health purposes. In recent times due to their well-documented antimicrobial activities, essential oils have consolidated their use in raw and processed food preservation, health and clinical uses. AIMS OF THE REVIEW The potential activity of essential oils against the largely diffused Malassezia species on the human skin, which can cause common infections or exacerbate multiple skin disorders, such as P. versicolor, folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on essential oils activity against Malassezia species was obtained from published materials, including books and electronic databases, such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, J-STAGE and Google Scholar. Search was conducted covering the period from January 2013 to December 2018. RESULTS In the in vitro studies diverse methods were used to test the essential oils activity, namely broth microdilution method, which resulted the most used one, followed by agar disk diffusion and vapour phase methods. Essential oils obtained by steam distillation were from different plant genera, Thymus, Artemisia, Malaleuca, Cinnamomun, Ocimum, Zataria, Rosmarinus, Origanum, Syzigium, Foenicolum, Thapsia, Tachyspermum, Myrtus. MIC values were expressed as μg/mL, μL/mL and by inhibition zone (mm) or μL/cm3. All the investigated essential oils were active at the tested conditions. In addition, two clinical studies used essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and C. flexuosus formulated in shampoo, cream or lotion for the successful treatment of dandruff and P. versicolor. CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies indicate worthy prospects for clinical application of essential oils and there is an urgent need to conduct further in vivo studies with large number of patients in order to verify the clinical potential of essential oils against Malassezia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Donato
- University of Florence, Department of Human-health Sciences, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Sacco
- University of Florence, Department of Human-health Sciences, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pini
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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16
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Li L, Qiu J, Wei M, Xie Y, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Yao W. Inhibition of Candida albicans and induced vaginitis by sapindus water extract. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2987-2991. [PMID: 31651193 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1679136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, water extract of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. pericarps against Candida albicans was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. The most abundant active ingredient was triterpenoid saponins determined by UPLC-TOF-MS analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.039 mg/mL by using agar double dilution methods. The percentage of inhibition was 93.07% when C. albicans was treated for 4 h using a 1 mg/mL in vitro dose. A vaginitis model was developed by infecting mice with C. albicans. The fungal burden was tracked, which indicated that 10 mg/mL triterpenoid saponins reduced fungal quantity ranging from 3.0 to 1.84 Log CFU/100 μL. Moreover, the subsequent studies regarding four biomarkers with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted. It was confirmed that interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were lower than untreated group, and vaginal pathology was significantly improved in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jindan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Orchard A, van Vuuren SF. Carrier oils in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:653-672. [PMID: 31321504 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are a common medical infliction. With the increase in microbial resistance and a shift of interest towards complementary medicines, essential oils have been shown to be beneficial in suppressing microbial growth. However, in practice, essential oils are more often diluted into a base due to the risk of topical adverse effects, such as dermatitis. There is a lack of collated evidence-based information on toxicity and efficacy of carrier oils. The current information on the subject matter is restricted to generic, aroma-therapeutic books and pamphlets, based on anecdotal evidence rather than an experimental approach. Therefore, this review aimed at identifying the recommended carrier oils used in dermatology and thereafter collating the scientific evidence to support the use of carrier oils together with essential oils recommended for dermatological use. Aloe vera gel had multiple studies demonstrating the ability to enhance wound healing; however, several other carrier oils have been largely neglected. It was observed that the extracts for certain plant species had been used to justify the use of the carrier oils of the same plant species. This is an inaccurate cross assumption due to the difference in chemical composition and biological activities. Lastly, despite these carrier oils being recommended as a base for essential oils, very little data was found on the interactive profile of the carrier oil with the essential oil. This review provides a platform for further studies, especially if essential oils are to receive credence in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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18
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Hennia A, Nemmiche S, Dandlen S, Miguel MG. Myrtus communis essential oils: insecticidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1611672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Hennia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Said Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Susana Dandlen
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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19
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Donadu MG, Usai D, Marchetti M, Usai M, Mazzarello V, Molicotti P, Montesu MA, Delogu G, Zanetti S. Antifungal activity of oils macerates of North Sardinia plants against Candida species isolated from clinical patients with candidiasis. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3280-3284. [PMID: 30676066 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1557175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the bigger problem of public health: the rise of multi-drug resistant organisms causes a challenge in the treatment of infective diseases. Anti-Candida resistance to conventional antifungal agents has increased in the last period. Our research was intended to evaluate antimicrobial activity of oil macerate (OM) of Helichrysum microphyllum Cambess. subsp. tyrrhenicum Bacch., Brullo & Giusso and OM of Hypericum perforatum subsp. angustifolium against several clinical strains. The study included 30 patients with candidiasis who had not received any antifungal treatment before they were enrolled. A collection of 30 clinical isolates belonging to 5 different species of Candida spp. was selected for this study. The data obtained showed an interesting activity of both Oil Macerate especially against C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. On the contrary, H. microphyllum Oil Macerate has had a better activity than the H.perforatum especially in relation to C. glabrata and C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - D Usai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Marchetti
- CNR, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - M Usai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - V Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Molicotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - M A Montesu
- Department Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Delogu
- Sacro Cuore Catholic University, Institute of Microbiology, Rome, Italy
| | - S Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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20
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Kollross B, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T. Regulatory Requirements and Innovation: A Comparison of the Dermatologic Antifungal Drug Product Markets in Brazil and United States. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2018; 53:661-668. [PMID: 30286614 DOI: 10.1177/2168479018791791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of novel dermatological topical products for the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections is a constant necessity, especially in developing countries. Through public health policies, many developing countries have facilitated in the last decades the entry of generic products, which can be superficially seen as a threat to innovation. To verify whether regulatory requirements, or the waiving of some requirements, could have an impact on innovation, we performed a detailed technical comparison of the dermatologic antifungal markets of Brazil and of the United States, taking Brazil as an example of a developing country with more lenient requirements regarding the registration of generic topical drug products. METHODS The official databank of ANVISA (DATAVISA) and of US Food and Drug Administration (Orange Book) were assessed for valid topical dermatological antifungal drug products registered. RESULTS The Brazilian market has a greater number of registered drug products encompassing a greater variety of drug substances than the US, but the latter comprises more products with novel technologies. In both countries, cream was the predominant dosage form and imidazoles were the major substance group. Ketoconazole was the lead active substance in Brazil and ciclopirox was the lead drug in the US. Generic products dominated both markets. CONCLUSIONS Despite the great number of registered products, the Brazilian market lacks the latest technologies, reflecting that the ease of generics registration is not accompanied by innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Kollross
- 1 Management of Post-registration Evaluation of Synthetic's Medicines, General Office of Medicines, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), Brasília, Brazil.,2 Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- 2 Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- 2 Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- 2 Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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