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Thomsen J, Abdulrazzaq NM, AlRand H. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends of Acinetobacter species in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national AMR surveillance data. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1245131. [PMID: 38239785 PMCID: PMC10794577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1245131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter spp., in particular A. baumannii, are opportunistic pathogens linked to nosocomial pneumonia (particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia), central-line catheter-associated blood stream infections, meningitis, urinary tract infections, surgical-site infections, and other types of wound infections. A. baumannii is able to acquire or upregulate various resistance determinants, making it frequently multidrug-resistant, and contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. Data on the epidemiology, levels, and trends of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter spp. in clinical settings is scarce in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions. Methods A retrospective 12-year analysis of 17,564 non-duplicate diagnostic Acinetobacter spp. isolates from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was conducted. Data was generated at 317 surveillance sites by routine patient care during 2010-2021, collected by trained personnel and reported by participating surveillance sites to the UAE National AMR Surveillance program. Data analysis was conducted with WHONET. Results Species belonging to the A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex were mostly reported (86.7%). They were most commonly isolated from urine (32.9%), sputum (29.0%), and soft tissue (25.1%). Resistance trends to antibiotics from different classes during the surveillance period showed a decreasing trend. Specifically, there was a significant decrease in resistance to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin. Resistance was lowest among Acinetobacter species to both colistin and tigecycline. The percentages of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and possibly extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates was reduced by almost half between the beginning of the study in 2010 and its culmination in 2021. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (CRAB) was associated with a higher mortality (RR: 5.7), a higher admission to ICU (RR 3.3), and an increased length of stay (LOS; 13 excess inpatient days per CRAB case), as compared to Carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. are associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and higher associated costs, as compared to carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter spp. A decreasing trend of MDR Acinetobacter spp., as well as resistance to all antibiotic classes under surveillance was observed during 2010 to 2021. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons and underlying factors leading to this remarkable decrease of resistance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Thomsen
- Abu Dhabi Public Health Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hussain AlRand
- Public Health Sector, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Velmurugan H, Venkatesan S, Meles HN, Neelambaram K, Thangaraju P. Sulbactam-Durlobactam, A Novel Drug for the Treatment of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections - A Systematic Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:e220124225835. [PMID: 38258766 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265276432231217192054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) has been tested in vitro for its ability to generate resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. According to prior studies, combining durlobactam with sulbactam causes sulbactam-resistant isolates to become more active and revert to susceptibility. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the in vitro activity of SUL-DUR on A. baumannii (Ab) isolates, including carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb), to provide an overview for physicians dealing with Ab infections. METHODS The following keywords were searched in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases to look for eligible original works that have been published without restrictions till June 30, 2023: A. baumannii and sulbactam-durlobactam, SUL-DUR, durlobactam, and sulbactam-ETX2514. We also searched clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) for clinical trials involving sulbactamdurlobactam and Acinetobacter. RESULTS There were a total of 852 abstracts found. Among them, 633 articles with titles, abstracts, and keywords were reviewed, and 574 articles were removed after the initial screening. A total of 59 full-text eligible articles were evaluated, and 51 of them were eliminated because they did not satisfy the criteria set for inclusion. The full texts of the final 8 in vitro studies on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam were further evaluated. There were 5 trials on A. baumanii and sulbactam/durlobactam found on clinicaltrials.gov and the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). CONCLUSION The findings from the studies show that SUL-DUR might be a successful therapeutic option for multidrug-resistant-Ab infections. Future clinical trials will be required to validate the possibility of using this combination to treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hadush Negash Meles
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia
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Colistin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030516. [PMID: 36978383 PMCID: PMC10044110 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is recognized as a clinically significant pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections. Colistin was considered a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Since the reintroduction of colistin, a number of mechanisms of colistin resistance in A. baumannii have been reported, including complete loss of LPS by inactivation of the biosynthetic pathway, modifications of target LPS driven by the addition of phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) moieties to lipid A mediated by the chromosomal pmrCAB operon and eptA gene-encoded enzymes or plasmid-encoded mcr genes and efflux of colistin from the cell. In addition to resistance to colistin, widespread heteroresistance is another feature of A. baumannii that leads to colistin treatment failure. This review aims to present a critical assessment of relevant published (>50 experimental papers) up-to-date knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in A. baumannii with a detailed review of implicated mutations and the global distribution of colistin-resistant strains.
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Saravanakumar C, Neethu CS, Purvaja R, Sunantha G, Robin RS, Ramesh R. Networking and co-occurrence of virulent and multidrug resistant environmental bacteria in different aquatic systems: A gap in MDR-virulence transfer? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159221. [PMID: 36206910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of resistance and virulence is often overlooked in aquatic bacteria as environmental reservoirs, while transmission of these characteristics to clinically significant strains present unforeseen problems in future. In this investigation, environmental bacteria identified concurrently from multiple aquatic habitats viz., groundwater, canal, river and coastal waters were profiled for antibiotic resistance, metal tolerance, virulence factors and genes coding for these determinants. Strains from polluted river and canal exhibited higher resistance and virulence, especially Pseudomonas gessardii and P. fluorescens displayed high antibiotic resistance index (ARI > 0.6-0.8) with Alkaline Protease and Phospholipase production. Opportunistic pathogens including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, Corynebacterium and Comamonas testosteroni expressed all three virulence factors with relatively low resistance. However, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus exhibited multiclass antibiotic resistance (5/6 classes). Metagenomic analysis revealed that genes corresponding to beta-lactam resistance were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in freshwater than seawater, while multidrug resistance gene were higher (p < 0.05) in seawater. In all aquatic bodies, abundant virulence genes belonged to secretion system proteins followed by motility related genes. Culturable bacteria revealed differential distribution of positive and negative correlation between 31 targeted genes with expressed resistance and virulence. Among Acinetobacter, significant positive correlation was found between Phospholipase production, other virulence genes (OVGs) and resistance to DNA Synthesis Inhibitors (DSI). In Pseudomonas, positive correlation was detected between toxin genes (toxA, eta, hlyA and stx) and resistance to cell wall synthesis inhibitors (CSI) as well as with OVGs and adhesion genes (eae, afa, papC and papA). Network analysis displayed unique clustering of genes ncc, arsB, strA, merA and intI dominated by non-pathogens and distinct clustering of genes pho, erm, nfsA, trh, lasB, tdh and invA by Vibrio. This investigation extends insight on co-occurring resistance and virulence in aquatic reservoir bacteria that could pose serious threats to public health in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Saravanakumar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Chennai 600025, India
| | - C S Neethu
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Chennai 600025, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Chennai 600025, India
| | - G Sunantha
- Chulalongkorn University of Engineering, Department of Engineering, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - R S Robin
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Chennai 600025, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Chennai 600025, India.
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Ouarti B, Fonkou DMM, Houhamdi L, Mediannikov O, Parola P. Lice and lice-borne diseases in humans in Africa: a narrative review. Acta Trop 2022; 237:106709. [PMID: 36198330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lice are host-specific insects. Human lice include Pediculus humanus humanus (body lice) which are known to be vectors of serious human bacterial infectious diseases including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, trench fever and plague; Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice) that frequently affect children; and Pthirus pubis, commonly known as crab lice. In Africa, human infections transmitted by lice remained poorly known and therefore, underestimated, perhaps due to the lack of diagnostic tools and professional knowledge. In this paper we review current knowledge of the microorganisms identified in human lice in the continent of Africa, in order to alert health professionals to the importance of recognising the risk of lice-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ouarti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Linda Houhamdi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Ferrini S, Grego E, Ala U, Cagnotti G, Valentini F, Di Muro G, Iulini B, Stella MC, Bellino C, D'Angelo A. Feasibility of 16S rRNA sequencing for cerebrospinal fluid microbiome analysis in cattle with neurological disorders: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:373-383. [PMID: 35759164 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in cattle requires prompt and adequate antimicrobial treatment. The current gold standard for antemortem etiological diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, which often yields false negative results. CSF has long been considered a sterile district in healthy patients, but this notion has been recently challenged. For this pilot study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial composition of CSF of cattle presenting with CNS disorders and to compare it between subjects with CNS infections and with CNS disorders of other nature. The study sample was 10 animals: 4 presenting with CNS infectious-inflammatory diseases and 6 with other CNS disorders, based on definitive diagnosis. Since the initial round of a standard 16S rRNA PCR did not yield sufficient genetic material for sequencing in any of the samples, the protocol was modified to increase its sensitivity. Bacterial genetic material was identified in 6 animals and 2 groups were formed: an infectious inflammatory (n = 3) and a noninfectious inflammatory group (n = 3). The most frequently expressed bacterial families were Pseudomonadaceae (44.61%), Moraxellaceae (19.54%), Mycobacteriaceae (11.80%); the genera were Pseudomonas (45.42%), Acinetobacter (19.91%), Mycobacterium (12.01%). There were no detectable differences in the CSF microbial composition of the samples from the two groups. Sequencing of bacterial DNA present in the CSF was possible only after increasing PCR sensitivity. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed the presence of a microbial community in the CSF in cattle with neurological disorders. Further studies, in which CSF samples from healthy animals and samples from the environment are included as controls, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Elena Grego
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Muro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical section, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Jindal N, Jain S, Bhowmick A, Bhargava V. A Lurking Threat of Community-Acquired Acinetobacter Meningitis-A Rare Case Report from Punjab, India. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9040027. [PMID: 35447875 PMCID: PMC9025329 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter spp. are a potential life-threatening cause of severe meningitis noted as a nosocomial infection after neurosurgical procedures in patients admitted to neurosurgical ICUs. Community-acquired Acinetobacter meningitis is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation: In this study, we report a patient from Punjab, India, who was infected after a roadside accident in which he developed CSF otorrhea and subsequent meningitis with Acinetobacter lwoffii. The patient was managed with the cephalosporin group of antibiotics as per the sensitivity report. For the first time, we report a rare case report of community-acquired Acinetobacter meningitis from Punjab, India. Conclusions: This case report highlights the potential pathogenicity of Acinetobacter lwoffii and increases concerns that this organism might rapidly evolve into a dreadful antibiotic-resistant community pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodhya Jindal
- Harvard Medical Centre, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (V.B.)
| | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Paramedical Science, Lala Lajpat Rai College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India;
| | - Arghya Bhowmick
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, EN Block, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vyom Bhargava
- Harvard Medical Centre, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (V.B.)
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Ahmad N, Singh A, Gupta A, Pant P, Singh TP, Sharma S, Sharma P. Discovery of the Lead Molecules Targeting the First Step of the Histidine Biosynthesis Pathway of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1744-1759. [PMID: 35333517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant, opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen for which a new line of treatments is desperately needed. We have targeted the enzyme of the first step of the histidine biosynthesis pathway, viz., ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase (ATP-PRT). The three-dimensional structure of ATP-PRT was predicted on the template of the known three-dimensional structure of ATP-PRT from Psychrobacter arcticus (PaATPPRT) using a homology modeling approach. High-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) of the antibacterial library of Life Chemicals Inc., Ontario, Canada was carried out followed by molecular dynamics simulations of the top hit compounds. In silico results were then biochemically validated using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. We found that two compounds, namely, F0843-0019 and F0608-0626, were binding with micromolar affinities to the ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase from Acinetobacter baumannii (AbATPPRT). Both of these compounds were binding in the same way as AMP in PaATPPRT, and the important residues of the active site, viz., Val4, Ser72, Thr76, Tyr77, Glu95, Lys134, Val136, and Tyr156, were also interacting via hydrogen bonds. The calculated binding energies of these compounds were -10.5 kcal/mol and -11.1 kcal/mol, respectively. These two compounds can be used as the potential lead molecules for designing antibacterial compounds in the future, and this information will help in drug discovery programs against Acinetobacter worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Ahmad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Akshita Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Selim S, Faried OA, Almuhayawi MS, Mohammed OA, Saleh FM, Warrad M. Dynamic Gene Clusters Mediating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020168. [PMID: 35203771 PMCID: PMC8868416 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumanni (A. baumannii), a nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, has recently been associated with a broad range of nosocomial infections. To gain more meaningful insight into the problem of nosocomial illnesses caused by the multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii, as well as the factors that increase the risk of catching these infections, this investigation included a total of 86 clinical A. baumannii infections. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR was used to investigate imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates for dynamic gene clusters causing carbapenem resistance. Four distinct A. baumannii lineages were found in the REP-PCR-DNA fingerprints of all isolates, with 95% of the samples coming from two dominant lineages. Imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were less effective against genotype (A) isolates because of enhanced antibiotic tolerance. Lastly, to gain more insight into the mode of action of imipenem, we explored the binding affinity of imipenem toward different Acinetobacter baumannii OXA beta-lactamase class enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Osama Ahmed Faried
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat 77454, Saudi Arabia;
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Rangel K, Chagas TPG, De-Simone SG. Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081006. [PMID: 34451470 PMCID: PMC8399974 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an overuse of antimicrobials in critically ill patients. Acinetobacter baumannii frequently causes nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), where the incidence has increased over time. Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on 12 March 2020, the disease has spread rapidly, and many of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 needed to be admitted to the ICU. Bacterial co-pathogens are commonly identified in viral respiratory infections and are important causes of morbidity and mortality. However, we cannot neglect the increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance, which may be attributed to the excess use of antimicrobial agents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 could be vulnerable to other infections owing to multiple comorbidities with severe COVID-19, prolonged hospitalization, and SARS-CoV-2-associated immune dysfunction. These patients have acquired secondary bacterial infections or superinfections, mainly bacteremia and urinary tract infections. This review will summarize the prevalence of A. baumannii coinfection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Rangel
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.D.-S.); Tel.: +55-213865-8240 (K.R. & S.G.D.-S.)
| | | | - Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24220-008, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (S.G.D.-S.); Tel.: +55-213865-8240 (K.R. & S.G.D.-S.)
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Kaur R, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Kaur R. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates present in tap water of public toilets. Int Health 2020; 12:472-483. [PMID: 31693132 PMCID: PMC7443727 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India. METHODS Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates. RESULTS A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them. CONCLUSIONS The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajanbir Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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Mokhtar AS, Ling Lau Y, Wilson JJ, Abdul-Aziz NM. Genetic Diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Molecular Detection of Its Potential Associated Pathogens. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:915-926. [PMID: 31828310 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pediculosis capitis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer) is endemic all over the world, and children are mostly affected, particularly those living in overcrowded institutions. Several studies have shown that P. h. capitis carried human pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential role of head lice in the transmission of pathogens to humans. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from welfare homes sheltering underprivileged children by using DNA barcoding and demonstrated the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus aureus in head lice, which have never been investigated before in Malaysia. Cox1 DNA barcoding identified the head lice, P. h. capitis collected from welfare homes across two geographical areas of Peninsular Malaysia as belonging to clades A, B, and D. Acinetobacter bacteria: Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis were detected in head lice belonging to clades A and also D. In addition, DNA from S. marcescens and S. aureus were also detected in both clades A and D. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity of head lice in Malaysia through DNA barcoding, as well as the first to provide molecular evidence on the type of bacteria occurring in head lice in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the DNA barcoding technique used in this study will be able to provide rapid and accurate identification of arthropods, in particular, medically important ectoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Syafinaz Mokhtar
- Malaysian Life Science Accelerator, UM Centre of Innovation and Commercialization, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - John-James Wilson
- International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Vázquez-López R, Solano-Gálvez SG, Juárez Vignon-Whaley JJ, Abello Vaamonde JA, Padró Alonzo LA, Rivera Reséndiz A, Muleiro Álvarez M, Vega López EN, Franyuti-Kelly G, Álvarez-Hernández DA, Moncaleano Guzmán V, Juárez Bañuelos JE, Marcos Felix J, González Barrios JA, Barrientos Fortes T. Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance: A Real Challenge for Clinicians. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040205. [PMID: 32340386 PMCID: PMC7235888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (named in honor of the American bacteriologists Paul and Linda Baumann) is a Gram-negative, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and immunocompromised patients with central venous catheters. A. baumannii has developed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial resistance, associated with a higher mortality rate among infected patients compared with other non-baumannii species. In terms of clinical impact, resistant strains are associated with increases in both in-hospital length of stay and mortality. A. baumannii can cause a variety of infections; most involve the respiratory tract, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia, but bacteremia and skin wound infections have also been reported, the latter of which has been prominently observed in the context of war-related trauma. Cases of meningitis associated with A. baumannii have been documented. The most common risk factor for the acquisition of MDR A baumannii is previous antibiotic use, following by mechanical ventilation, length of ICU/hospital stay, severity of illness, and use of medical devices. Current efforts focus on addressing all the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms described in A. baumannii, with the objective of identifying the most promising therapeutic scheme. Bacteriophage- and artilysin-based therapeutic approaches have been described as effective, but further research into their clinical use is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalino Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-56-270210 (ext. 7302)
| | - Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Juan José Juárez Vignon-Whaley
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Jorge Andrés Abello Vaamonde
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Luis Andrés Padró Alonzo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Andrés Rivera Reséndiz
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Mauricio Muleiro Álvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Eunice Nabil Vega López
- Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; (E.N.V.L.); (G.F.-K.)
| | - Giorgio Franyuti-Kelly
- Medical IMPACT, Infectious Diseases Department, Mexico City 53900, Mexico; (E.N.V.L.); (G.F.-K.)
| | - Diego Abelardo Álvarez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Valentina Moncaleano Guzmán
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - Jorge Ernesto Juárez Bañuelos
- Departamento de Microbiología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (J.J.J.V.-W.); (J.A.A.V.); (L.A.P.A.); (A.R.R.); (M.M.Á.); (D.A.Á.-H.); (V.M.G.); (J.E.J.B.)
| | - José Marcos Felix
- Coordinación Ciclos Clínicos Medicina, FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
| | - Juan Antonio González Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional “1º de Octubre”, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Lindavista, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07300, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Barrientos Fortes
- Dirección Sistema Universitario de Salud de la Universidad Anáhuac México (SUSA), Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico;
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Egypt. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:185. [PMID: 31832185 PMCID: PMC6868752 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic use is largely under-regulated in Egypt leading to the emergence of resistant isolates. Carbapenems are last resort agents to treat Acinetobacter baumannii infections resistant to other classes of antibiotics. However, carbapenem-resistant isolates are emerging at an alarming rate. This study aimed at phenotypically and molecularly characterizing seventy four carbapenem-unsusceptible A. baumannii isolates from Egypt to detect the different enzymes responsible for carbapenem resistance. Methods Carbapenemase production was assessed by a number of phenotypic methods: modified Hodge test (MHT), carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), combined disc test (CDT), CarbAcineto NP test and boronic acid disc test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to screen the isolates for the presence of some genes responsible for resistance to carbapenems, as well as some insertion sequences. Results PCR amplification of class D carbapenemases revealed the prevalence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 in 100% of the isolates and of blaOXA-58 in only one isolate (1.4%). blaVIM and blaNDM-1 belonging to class B metallo-β-lactamases were present in 100 and 12.1% of the isolates, respectively. The prevalence of ISAba1, ISAba2 and ISAba3 was 100, 2.7 and 4.1%, respectively. None of the tested isolates carried blaOXA-40, blaIMP, blaSIM, blaSPM, blaGIM or the class A blaKPC. Taking PCR as the gold standard method for the detection of different carbapenemases, the sensitivities of the MHT, CIM, CDT, CarbAcineto NP test and boronic acid disc/imipenem or meropenem test for this particular collection of isolates were 78.4, 68.9, 79.7, 95.9, and 56.8% or 70.3%, respectively. Conclusions The widespread detection of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CR-AB) has become a real threat to the efficacy of treatment regimens. Among the studied cohort of CR-AB clinical isolates, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23 and blaVIM were the most prevalent, followed by blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58. The genotypic detection of carbapenemases among CR-AB clinical isolates using PCR was most conclusive, followed closely by the phenotypic testing using CarbAcineto NP test.
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Tomaso H, Otto P, Peters M, Süss J, Karger A, Schamoni H, Zuchantke E, Hotzel H. Francisella tularensis and other bacteria in hares and ticks in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 9:325-329. [PMID: 29239792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. The disease can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals such as the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and ticks as vectors. The aim of this study was to isolate F. tularensis from ticks and hares in North Rhine-Westphalia using cysteine heart agar to determine their genetic relatedness and to identify other bacteria that grow on this medium. 848 European brown hares and 1556 questing ticks (all Ixodes ricinus) from forests were tested using cultivation and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The majority of F. tularensis isolates from hares (n=24; 96%) and genomic F. tularensis DNA recovered from ticks belonged to the basal genetic clade IV and subclade B.18. These isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and were assigned to biovar I. Only a single strain isolated from a hare was assigned to basal clade I (B.12/B.35). All isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Only 4 tick pools were positive for F. tularensis and cultivation was not successful in any of the pools. Most of the other isolated bacteria belonged to the order Bacillales with 36 Staphylococcus isolates, 9 Bacillus isolates and 8 Paenibacillus isolates. Prominent members of Enterobacterales were represented by different genera like Pantoea, Erwinia, Raoultella etc. Several of the bacterial species were soil or plant-associated, but some of the bacterial species were found in I. ricinus for the first time. Our results showed that F. tularensis was detected only in few ticks of an endemic area, but ticks were also infected by several other bacteria with zoonotic potential. Therefore, a wider spectrum of pathogens should be considered if a patient was bitten by a tick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Peter Otto
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, Standort Arnsberg, Zur Taubeneiche 10-12, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Süss
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Axel Karger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | | | - Eric Zuchantke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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16
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Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:409-447. [PMID: 27974412 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00058-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections, predominantly aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia, but can also cause soft tissue and urinary tract infections. Community-acquired infections by Acinetobacter spp. are increasingly reported. Transmission of Acinetobacter and subsequent disease is facilitated by the organism's environmental tenacity, resistance to desiccation, and evasion of host immunity. The virulence properties demonstrated by Acinetobacter spp. primarily stem from evasion of rapid clearance by the innate immune system, effectively enabling high bacterial density that triggers lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sepsis. Capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor that enables immune evasion, while LPS triggers septic shock. However, the primary driver of clinical outcome is antibiotic resistance. Administration of initially effective therapy is key to improving survival, reducing 30-day mortality threefold. Regrettably, due to the high frequency of this organism having an extreme drug resistance (XDR) phenotype, early initiation of effective therapy is a major clinical challenge. Given its high rate of antibiotic resistance and abysmal outcomes (up to 70% mortality rate from infections caused by XDR strains in some case series), new preventative and therapeutic options for Acinetobacter spp. are desperately needed.
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Carvalheira A, Casquete R, Silva J, Teixeira P. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 243:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dexter C, Murray GL, Paulsen IT, Peleg AY. Community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii: clinical characteristics, epidemiology and pathogenesis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 13:567-73. [PMID: 25850806 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1025055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii (CA-Ab) is a rare but serious cause of community-acquired pneumonia in tropical regions of the world. CA-Ab infections predominantly affect individuals with risk factors, which include excess alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, smoking and chronic lung disease. CA-Ab pneumonia presents as a surprisingly fulminant course and is characterized by a rapid onset of fever, severe respiratory symptoms and multi-organ dysfunction, with a mortality rate reported as high as 64%. It is unclear whether the distinct clinical syndrome caused by CA-Ab is because of host predisposing factors or unique bacterial characteristics, or a combination of both. Deepening our understanding of the drivers of overwhelming CA-Ab infection will provide important insights into preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dexter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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19
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Antunes LC, Visca P, Towner KJ. Acinetobacter baumannii: evolution of a global pathogen. Pathog Dis 2014; 71:292-301. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Sciences; Roma Tre University; Rome Italy
| | - Kevin J. Towner
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Queen's Medical Centre; Nottingham UK
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Chang CJ, Chang BL, Tsai KC, Lai YJ, Fan CM. Acinetobacter baumannii post-operative meningitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2012; 13:338-9. [PMID: 23039236 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Huddam B, Koçak G, Azak A, Duranay M. Acinetobacter lwoffiiPeritonitis in a Patient Receiving Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2012; 17:117-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2012.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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McConnell MJ, Actis L, Pachón J. Acinetobacter baumannii: human infections, factors contributing to pathogenesis and animal models. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 37:130-55. [PMID: 22568581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a medically important pathogen because of the increasing number of infections produced by this organism over the preceding three decades and the global spread of strains with resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. In spite of its clinical relevance, until recently, there have been few studies addressing the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this organism. The availability of complete genome sequences, molecular tools for manipulating the bacterial genome, and animal models of infection have begun to facilitate the identification of factors that play a role in A. baumannii persistence and infection. This review summarizes the characteristics of A. baumannii that contribute to its pathogenesis, with a focus on motility, adherence, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition. In addition, the virulence factors that have been identified to date, which include the outer membrane protein OmpA, phospholipases, membrane polysaccharide components, penicillin-binding proteins, and outer membrane vesicles, are discussed. Animal models systems that have been developed during the last 15 years for the study of A. baumannii infection are overviewed, and the recent use of these models to identify factors involved in virulence and pathogenesis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McConnell
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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Ryu SH, Yu CM, Suh SO, Kim JH, Ko YJ, Park JH, Cho JH. A Case of Community-AcquiredAcinetobacterMeningitis. Infect Chemother 2012. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hee Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Min Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong O Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Wilson AD, Baietto M. Advances in electronic-nose technologies developed for biomedical applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:1105-76. [PMID: 22346620 PMCID: PMC3274093 DOI: 10.3390/s110101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The research and development of new electronic-nose applications in the biomedical field has accelerated at a phenomenal rate over the past 25 years. Many innovative e-nose technologies have provided solutions and applications to a wide variety of complex biomedical and healthcare problems. The purposes of this review are to present a comprehensive analysis of past and recent biomedical research findings and developments of electronic-nose sensor technologies, and to identify current and future potential e-nose applications that will continue to advance the effectiveness and efficiency of biomedical treatments and healthcare services for many years. An abundance of electronic-nose applications has been developed for a variety of healthcare sectors including diagnostics, immunology, pathology, patient recovery, pharmacology, physical therapy, physiology, preventative medicine, remote healthcare, and wound and graft healing. Specific biomedical e-nose applications range from uses in biochemical testing, blood-compatibility evaluations, disease diagnoses, and drug delivery to monitoring of metabolic levels, organ dysfunctions, and patient conditions through telemedicine. This paper summarizes the major electronic-nose technologies developed for healthcare and biomedical applications since the late 1980s when electronic aroma detection technologies were first recognized to be potentially useful in providing effective solutions to problems in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphus D. Wilson
- Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Manuela Baietto
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; E-Mail:
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Cayô R, Yañez San Segundo L, Pérez Del Molino Bernal IC, García de la Fuente C, Bermúdez Rodríguez MA, Calvo J, Martínez-Martínez L. Bloodstream infection caused by Acinetobacter junii in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after allogenic haematopoietic cell transplantation. J Med Microbiol 2010; 60:375-377. [PMID: 21109630 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.024596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter junii is a rare human pathogen associated with bacteraemia in neonates and paediatric oncology patients. We present a case of A. junii causing bacteraemia in an adult transplant patient with leukaemia. The correct identification of Acinetobacter species can highlight the clinical significance of the different species of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cayô
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yañez San Segundo
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Haematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Celia García de la Fuente
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Aranzazu Bermúdez Rodríguez
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Haematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Service of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - HUMV, Avda de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain
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Kim BN, Peleg AY, Lodise TP, Lipman J, Li J, Nation R, Paterson DL. Management of meningitis due to antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter species. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2009; 9:245-55. [PMID: 19324297 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter meningitis is becoming an increasingly common clinical entity, especially in the postneurosurgical setting, with mortality from this infection exceeding 15%. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for therapy of postneurosurgical meningitis recommend either ceftazidime or cefepime as empirical coverage against Gram-negative pathogens. However, assessment of the pharmacodynamics of these cephalosporins in cerebrospinal fluid suggests that recommended doses will achieve pharmacodynamic targets against fewer than 10% of contemporary acinetobacter isolates. Thus, these antibiotics are poor options for suspected acinetobacter meningitis. From in vitro and pharmacodynamic perspectives, intravenous meropenem plus intraventricular administration of an aminoglycoside may represent a superior, albeit imperfect, regimen for suspected acinetobacter meningitis. For cases of meningitis due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter, use of tigecycline is not recommended on pharmacodynamic grounds. The greatest clinical experience rests with use of polymyxins, although an intravenous polymyxin alone is inadvisable. Combination with an intraventricularly administered antibiotic plus removal of infected neurosurgical hardware appears the therapeutic strategy most likely to succeed in this situation. Unfortunately, limited development of new antibiotics plus the growing threat of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter is likely to increase the problems posed by acinetobacter meningitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek-Nam Kim
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Lowman W, Kalk T, Menezes CN, John MA, Grobusch MP. A case of community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis - has the threat moved beyond the hospital? J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:676-678. [PMID: 18436607 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a prolific nosocomial pathogen renowned for its multidrug-resistant nature. We report a case of community-acquired meningitis due to A. baumannii. The case highlights the potential pathogenicity of this organism and raises concerns that this highly adaptable organism may soon evolve into a significant community pathogen, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lowman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Kalk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Colin N Menezes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melanie A John
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Falagas ME, Karveli EA, Kelesidis I, Kelesidis T. Community-acquired Acinetobacter infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:857-68. [PMID: 17701432 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter infections have been attracting increasing attention during recent years because they have become common in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. However, the available literature suggests that the pathogen has another fearful potential; it can cause community-acquired infections. We searched PubMed and the reference lists of the initially identified articles and identified six case series regarding a total of 80 patients with community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii infections; from these, 51 had pneumonia and 29 had bacteremia. Of these 80 patients, 45 (56%) died of the infection. In addition, we identified 26 case reports regarding 43 patients with community-acquired Acinetobacter infections; from these, 38 had pneumonia, two had meningitis, one had soft-tissue infection, one had ocular infection, and one had native valve endocarditis. Comorbidity was commonly present in patients reported in the case series as well as the case reports, mainly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, and diabetes mellitus; heavy smoking and excess alcohol consumption were also common. Most of the studies originated from China, Taiwan, and tropical Australia. We also identified 12 retrospective or prospective studies (seven from the Far East, two from Oceania, one from N. Guinea, one from Palestine, and one from USA/Canada) that reported the frequency of community-acquired Acinetobacter infections; the range of isolation of Acinetobacter from patients with community-acquired pneumonia in these studies was 1.3%-25.9%. In conclusion, most community-acquired Acinetobacter infections have been reported from countries with tropical or subtropical climate, and mainly affect patients with some form of comorbidity or are associated with heavy smoking and excess alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Falagas
- Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), 9 Neapoleos Street, 151 23 Marousi, Athens, Greece
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29
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Deutch S, Dahlberg D, Hedegaard J, Schmidt MB, Møller JK, Ostergaard L. DIAGNOSIS OF VENTRICULAR DRAINAGE-RELATED BACTERIAL MENINGITIS BY BROAD-RANGE REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. Neurosurgery 2007; 61:306-11; discussion 311-2. [PMID: 17762743 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000255526.34956.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To compare a broad-range real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic strategy with culture to evaluate additional effects on the etiological diagnosis and the quantification of the bacterial load during the course of ventricular drainage-related bacterial meningitis (VR-BM).
METHODS
We applied a PCR that targeted conserved regions of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with external ventricular drainage or a ventriculoperitoneal shunt during the course of VR-BM. We compared the PCR results with CSF cultures. A total of 350 routine CSF samples were consecutively collected from 86 patients. The CSF deoxyribonucleic acid was automatically purified and subjected to PCR. Amplicons from the PCR samples that were positive for VR-BM were subsequently deoxyribonucleic acid sequenced for final identification. Clinical data were extracted from patient files.
RESULTS
Sixteen patients had at least one VR-BM-positive sample as diagnosed from culture or PCR. Nineteen episodes were diagnosed with signs of VR-BM (n = 16 patients) or were determined to be contaminated (n = 3 patients). Four episodes of VR-BM were diagnosed via PCR alone and were predominantly caused by gram-negative pathogens, five episodes were diagnosed via culture alone, and seven episodes were diagnosed via both culture and PCR. Five patients had mixed infections. Overall, 71 samples were positive for VR-BM as indicated by either one or both of the methods. Eighteen CSF samples were VR-BM positive as indicated by culture alone, and 21 CSF samples were positive as indicated via PCR alone.
CONCLUSIONS
Culture supplemented with broad-range, real-time PCR may increase the number of etiologically diagnosed VR-BM episodes, particularly when these are caused by gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Deutch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Vela AI, Collins MD, Latre MV, Mateos A, Moreno MA, Hutson R, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. Psychrobacter pulmonis sp. nov., isolated from the lungs of lambs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:415-419. [PMID: 12710606 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria isolated from the lungs of two lambs were characterized by phenotypic and molecular-genetic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown isolates were genealogically highly related to each other (99.8% sequence similarity) and represent a novel subline within the genus Psychrobacter. The unknown bacterium was phylogenetically closely related to, but distinct from, Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, Psychrobacter immobilis, Psychrobacter glacincola and Psychrobacter urativorans. The novel Psychrobacter isolates were readily distinguished from all other Psychrobacter species and other Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria usually responsible for lung infections in sheep by physiological and biochemical tests. Based on molecular-genetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown Psychrobacter isolates from lambs be classified as Psychrobacter pulmonis sp. nov. The type strain is strain S-606T (=CECT 5989T =CCUG 46240T).
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Vela
- Departamento de Patología, Animal I (Sanidad Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Collins
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - M V Latre
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Mateos
- Departamento de Patología, Animal I (Sanidad Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Moreno
- Departamento de Patología, Animal I (Sanidad Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Hutson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - L Domínguez
- Departamento de Patología, Animal I (Sanidad Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández-Garayzábal
- Departamento de Patología, Animal I (Sanidad Animal), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Settecase C, Bagilet D, Soldani L. Enfermedad pelviana inflamatoria por Acinetobacter asociada a dispositivo intrauterino. Med Intensiva 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5691(03)79994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dorsey CW, Tomaras AP, Actis LA. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii insertion derivatives generated with a transposome system. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:6353-60. [PMID: 12450860 PMCID: PMC134429 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.12.6353-6360.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a metabolically versatile pathogen that causes severe infections in compromised patients. However, little is known about the genes and factors involved in its basic physiology and virulence properties. Insertion mutagenesis was used to initiate the identification and characterization of some of these factors and genes in the prototype strain 19606. The utilization of the pLOFKm suicide delivery vector, which harbors a suicide mini-Tn10 derivative, proved to be unsuccessful for this purpose. The EZ::TN <R6Kgammaori/KAN-2> Tnp transposome system available from Epicentre was then used in conjunction with electroporation to generate isogenic insertional derivatives of A. baumannii 19606. Replica plating showed that 2% of the colonies that grew after electroporation on agar plates without antibiotics also grew in the presence of 40 micro g of kanamycin per ml. DNA hybridization proved that all of the kanamycin-resistant derivatives contained the EZ::TN <R6Kgammaori/KAN-2> insertion element, which was mapped to different genomic locations. Replica plating on Simmons citrate agar and microtiter plate-plastic tube assays identified growth- and biofilm-defective derivatives, respectively. The location of the insertion in several of these derivatives was determined by self-ligation of NdeI- or EcoRI-digested genomic DNA and electroporation of Escherichia coli TransforMax EC100D (pir(+)). Sequence analysis of the recovered plasmids showed that some of the A. baumannii 19606 growth-defective derivatives contain insertions within genes encoding activities required for the generation of energy and cell wall components and for the biosynthesis of amino acids and purines. A gene encoding a protein similar to the GacS sensor kinase was interrupted in four derivatives, while another had an insertion in a gene coding for a hypothetical sensor kinase. A. baumannii 19606 derivatives with defective attachment or biofilm phenotypes had insertions within genes that appear to be part of a chaperone-usher transport system described for other bacteria. DNA hybridization experiments showed that the presence of strain 19606 genes encoding regulatory and attachment or biofilm functions is widespread among other A. baumannii clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb W Dorsey
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
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