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Blaschke AL, Hapfelmeier A, Rubisch HPK, Berberat PO, Gartmeier M. Structure and quality of bedside teaching: A videographic analysis. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:1068-1076. [PMID: 38110186 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2289860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Bedside teaching (BST) is a core element of medical education. In light of a reported decrease in BST, evidence on how to use BST time most efficiently should be developed. Given that little research into the tangible quality characteristics of good BST has been reported, we investigated the influence of various teacher and structural characteristics on the perceived quality of BST. We filmed and coded 36 BSTs involving 24 lecturers and 259 students. Structural characteristics of interest were: number of students and patients, overall duration, and the proportion of clinical examination. Lecturer questionnaires provided insight into teaching experience and intrinsic motivation, and student evaluations assessed the quality of BSTs in three dimensions. Correlations are reported using the Pearson r and a linear mixed model (LMM). The intrinsic motivation of lecturers was significantly positively correlated with perceived quality, but their experience was only weakly so correlated. In the LMM, a significant association was observed for the quality dimension of clinical teaching with the number of patients and the proportion of time spent on clinical examination. Based on our findings, we recommend including multiple patients in BSTs, and providing substantial opportunities for clinical examination. Regarding lecturers, motivation matters more than experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Blaschke
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah P K Rubisch
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal O Berberat
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Gartmeier
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Atkin PA, Khan A, Simms ML. Chairside learning on undergraduate clinics: general dental and human disease themes. Br Dent J 2024; 237:212-216. [PMID: 39123029 PMCID: PMC11315665 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chairside teaching is an important part of dental undergraduate clinical education. Bedside teaching is well-reported in relation to undergraduate medicine but few publications relate to undergraduate dentistry.Aims and objectives To investigate the experience and benefits from chairside teaching/learning in the clinical years of a five-year dental programme in a UK university. We asked about general dental topic learning as well as human disease (HD) learning.Materials and methods An online survey gathered dental students' opinions on their recognition, knowledge and experience of chairside teaching/learning. We asked about clinics and clinicians and where they gained most from chairside teaching/learning. We encouraged free-text responses.Results Altogether, 127 students took part (62% response). Response rates approximated 60% for all three years. In total, 93% felt that chairside teaching/learning helped to a moderate/great extent for general dental topics and 73% felt that chairside teaching/learning helped to a moderate/great extent for HD topics. Free-text comments revealed students valued chairside teaching/learning and from which grade/level of staff they learned most.Discussion and conclusion Chairside teaching/learning is largely unreported and unrecognised in undergraduate education. Although not formally timetabled, enthusiastic staff with enough time to engage in chairside teaching can have a positive impact on student learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Atkin
- Cardiff Dental Hospital and School, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - Anum Khan
- Cardiff Dental Hospital and School, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Melanie L Simms
- Cardiff Dental Hospital and School, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK
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Oswal A, Collicott N, Jennings S, Kelly A. Optimising paediatric bedside teaching for medical students. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2024:edpract-2024-326974. [PMID: 38964760 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2024-326974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Bedside teaching is a common teaching modality in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and involves students being supervised in a clinical interaction at a patient's bedside by a more senior clinician. Following the clinical encounter, the students and teacher discuss the case and students' consultation skills. This is of particular value in teaching paediatrics to medical students, for whom paediatrics is an unfamiliar environment, and the approach to consultation is very different to usual adult practice. Junior doctors are often tasked with teaching medical students, either in structured bedside teaching sessions during formal teaching roles, or in ad hoc sessions with students shadowing on clinical placements. As paediatrics may be unfamiliar to the junior doctors themselves, offering teaching to medical students may cause some anxiety in their own ability and knowledge. This article provides doctors in paediatrics with an insight into the evidence base underlying paediatric bedside teaching, including model structures for bedside teaching and debriefing after the session, with the aims of improving their confidence in undertaking these sessions and improving their learners' and their own yield of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Oswal
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathan Collicott
- Department of Paediatrics, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - Alison Kelly
- Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Ohta R, Sano C. The Quality of Family Medicine Team Conferences Through the Lens of a Director: An Autoethnography. Cureus 2024; 16:e64173. [PMID: 39119414 PMCID: PMC11309739 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In rural medical settings, team conferences are essential for effective patient care, especially given the challenges of limited resources and personnel. These conferences promote collaborative discussions on patient management and serve as vital educational sessions. This study explores the dynamics and efficacy of team conferences in the family medicine department of a rural hospital to optimize patient care and educational outcomes. Methods This qualitative study used autoethnography at Unnan City Hospital, Unnan, Japan. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, direct observation, reflective field notes, and informal conversations with medical students, junior residents, and general medicine trainees. The focus was on conference interactions, educational content, and operational challenges. Data analysis involved coding and theming, with ongoing discussions among researchers and participants to refine findings. Results Three key themes emerged. First, patient outcomes suffered from a lack of professional awareness. Second, mutual understanding and individual autonomy enhanced team quality. Third, team healthcare quality improved through diverse and inclusive learning experiences. Effective facilitation, structured time management, and integrating practical bedside learning with theoretical discussions were crucial for optimizing team conferences. Psychological safety, respect for individual differences, and maintaining motivation were essential for productive team interactions. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of effective facilitation, time management, and integrating practical and theoretical learning in enhancing team conferences in rural medical settings. Psychological safety and mutual respect are vital for fostering a collaborative and motivated team environment. Addressing these factors can improve patient care and educational experiences. Future research should include diverse settings and quantitative measures to validate and refine these insights, enhancing team conferences in rural healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
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Ohta R, Yakabe T, Sano C. Perceptions of C-reactive Protein Measurement Among General Physicians: A Qualitative Study on Diagnostic Value, Clinical Dilemmas, and Professional Growth. Cureus 2024; 16:e63695. [PMID: 39092396 PMCID: PMC11293839 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used laboratory test for assessing infections, inflammatory diseases, and malignancies, playing a critical role in clinical diagnosis and management. Despite its utility, CRP measurement practices vary among physicians, often influenced by training and clinical experience. This study explores general physicians' perceptions of CRP measurement in clinical practice, focusing on its diagnostic value, associated dilemmas, and impact on clinical growth and decision-making. Methods This qualitative study employed thematic analysis to examine the perceptions of general physicians at Unnan City Hospital, Unnan, Japan regarding CRP measurement. Sixteen general physicians were selected through purposive sampling and participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in Japanese, recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed inductively to identify themes. The analysis involved iterative coding and extensive discussion among the research team to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. Results Three main themes emerged from the analysis: the usefulness of CRP for diagnosis and collaboration, dilemmas associated with CRP usage, and clinical growth through reconsideration of CRP's importance. Physicians highlighted CRP's value in distinguishing inflammatory from non-inflammatory diseases, predicting clinical courses, and facilitating communication with specialists. However, dilemmas arose from discrepancies between CRP levels and clinical symptoms, the influence of various non-specific factors, and habitual testing driven by training, leading to unnecessary tests and diminished clinical skills. Participants recognized the need to view CRP as one of many diagnostic tools, cultivate a habit of questioning its necessity, and reflect on its use to enhance clinical reasoning and professional growth. Conclusions CRP measurement is a valuable diagnostic tool, but effective use requires a balanced and critical approach. Discrepancies between CRP levels and clinical symptoms can lead to over-reliance on laboratory results and unnecessary testing. General physicians should integrate CRP within a broader diagnostic framework, combining it with patient history, physical examination, and other tests. Reflecting on the necessity and implications of CRP measurements can improve clinical reasoning and decision-making, ultimately enhancing patient care and resource management. Future research should explore similar perceptions in diverse healthcare settings and develop strategies to optimize CRP use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, JPN
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Johnston M, O'Mahony M, O'Brien N, Connolly M, Iohom G, Kamal M, Shehata A, Shorten G. The feasibility and usability of mixed reality teaching in a hospital setting based on self-reported perceptions of medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:701. [PMID: 38937764 PMCID: PMC11212163 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical teaching during encounters with real patients lies at the heart of medical education. Mixed reality (MR) using a Microsoft HoloLens 2 (HL2) offers the potential to address several challenges: including enabling remote learning; decreasing infection control risks; facilitating greater access to medical specialties; and enhancing learning by vertical integration of basic principles to clinical application. We aimed to assess the feasibility and usability of MR using the HL2 for teaching in a busy, tertiary referral university hospital. METHODS This prospective observational study examined the use of the HL2 to facilitate a live two-way broadcast of a clinician-patient encounter, to remotely situated third and fourth year medical students. System Usability Scale (SUS) Scores were elicited from participating medical students, clinician, and technician. Feedback was also elicited from participating patients. A modified Evaluation of Technology-Enhanced Learning Materials: Learner Perceptions Questionnaire (mETELM) was completed by medical students and patients. RESULTS This was a mixed methods prospective, observational study, undertaken in the Day of Surgery Assessment Unit. Forty-seven medical students participated. The mean SUS score for medical students was 71.4 (SD 15.4), clinician (SUS = 75) and technician (SUS = 70) indicating good usability. The mETELM Questionnaire using a 7-point Likert Scale demonstrated MR was perceived to be more beneficial than a PowerPoint presentation (Median = 7, Range 6-7). Opinion amongst the student cohort was divided as to whether the MR tutorial was as beneficial for learning as a live patient encounter would have been (Median = 5, Range 3-6). Students were positive about the prospect of incorporating of MR in future tutorials (Median = 7, Range 5-7). The patients' mETELM results indicate the HL2 did not affect communication with the clinician (Median = 7, Range 7-7). The MR tutorial was preferred to a format based on small group teaching at the bedside (Median = 6, Range 4-7). CONCLUSIONS Our study findings indicate that MR teaching using the HL2 demonstrates good usability characteristics for providing education to medical students at least in a clinical setting and under conditions similar to those of our study. Also, it is feasible to deliver to remotely located students, although certain practical constraints apply including Wi-Fi and audio quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johnston
- Peripheral Nerve Block Fellow, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Niall O'Brien
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Murray Connolly
- Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Iohom
- Anaesthesiologist Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohsin Kamal
- Peripheral Nerve Block Fellow, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Shehata
- Peripheral Nerve Block Fellow, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - George Shorten
- Anaesthesiologist Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Kumakech J, Munabi IG, Mubuuke AG, Kiguli S. Experiences of medical students and faculty regarding the use of long case as a formative assessment method at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a low resource setting: a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:621. [PMID: 38840242 PMCID: PMC11151653 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long case is used to assess medical students' proficiency in performing clinical tasks. As a formative assessment, the purpose is to offer feedback on performance, aiming to enhance and expedite clinical learning. The long case stands out as one of the primary formative assessment methods for clinical clerkship in low-resource settings but has received little attention in the literature. OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of medical students and faculty regarding the use of the Long Case Study as a formative assessment method at a tertiary care teaching hospital in a low-resource setting. METHODOLOGY A qualitative study design was used. The study was conducted at Makerere University, a low-resource setting. The study participants were third- and fifth-year medical students as well as lecturers. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit participants. Data collection comprised six Focus Group Discussions with students and five Key Informant Interviews with lecturers. The qualitative data were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the study: ward placement, case presentation, and case assessment and feedback. The findings revealed that students conduct their long cases at patients' bedside within specific wards/units assigned for the entire clerkship. Effective supervision, feedback, and marks were highlighted as crucial practices that positively impact the learning process. However, challenges such as insufficient orientation to the long case, the super-specialization of the hospital wards, pressure to hunt for marks, and inadequate feedback practices were identified. CONCLUSION The long case offers students exposure to real patients in a clinical setting. However, in tertiary care teaching hospitals, it's crucial to ensure proper design and implementation of this practice to enable students' exposure to a variety of cases. Adequate and effective supervision and feedback create valuable opportunities for each learner to present cases and receive corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kumakech
- School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Ian Guyton Munabi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Sarah Kiguli
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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8
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Jackson H, MacBride C, Taylor L, Carey M, Higgins MF. Patients' attitudes to bedside teaching after the COVID-19 pandemic. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1337-1342. [PMID: 37917306 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedside teaching (BST) is a method of structured clinical teaching where the patient is central in education. We had previously explored the patients' perceptions of BST using both a qualitative research study and validation of a questionnaire, both showing strong support by patients for BST once basic rules of respect and confidentiality are followed. With the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical education transitioned to online/virtual learning. AIM The aim of this study was to explore patients' attitudes towards reintroduction of BST as the pandemic restrictions have lifted. METHODS Patients were invited to complete a validated questionnaire exploring their attitudes towards BST. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results were compared to a previous study performed before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Four hundred patients consented to complete the questionnaires. Participants included women attending for antenatal (40%), postnatal (33%) and gynaecology issues (28%). Most patients (> 94%) reported that they were happy to be involved in BST. Patients believed that they should not be asked to participate in BST should they feel stressed or unwell (69%). These findings were the same as our previous study, performed prior to the pandemic. CONCLUSION This study shows extensive and persisting patient support for BST. BST is unique in that it allows students to gain a deeper understanding of the disease which are hard to elicit through online/virtual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Jackson
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire MacBride
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Taylor
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Carey
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary F Higgins
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Schrimpf A, Scheiwe E, Bleckwenn M. Insights from end-of-career general practitioners on changing working conditions and generational differences: considerations for future strategies. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:171. [PMID: 38762452 PMCID: PMC11102275 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The landscape of general practice has experienced notable transformations in recent decades, profoundly influencing the working conditions of general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to examine the most salient changes affecting GPs' daily practices. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews with 15 end-of-career GPs, the study explored how these changes affected work organization, equipment, working hours, work-life balance, job satisfaction, training, patient relationships, and reputation. The interviews revealed that these changes were perceived as barriers, opportunities, or a complex interplay of both for general practice. While the interviewed GPs valued technological advancements and reported positive developments in working conditions, challenges included a gradual reduction in the range of tasks, growing administrative burdens, and less practical training for young physicians. Other changes, such as new doctor-patient dynamics, the transition from single to group practice, and differing professional expectations of the younger generation, were seen as both challenging and strengthening for general practice. By combining these factors and trade-offs observed by end-of-career GPs in our study over the past few decades with general societal changes, we provide ideas for the design of future framework conditions in general practice that might enhance the attractiveness of the profession. These insights offer key considerations that can guide future strategies for general practice and medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schrimpf
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Scheiwe
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bleckwenn
- Institute for General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Lang K, Chew C, De La Rosa M, Bertram AK, Sharma A, Niessen TM, Stein AA, Garibaldi BT. Performance of Cardiovascular Physical Exam Skills by Internal Medicine Residents. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00269-9. [PMID: 38740321 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed the ability of internal medicine residents to perform a cardiovascular physical examination using real patients. METHODS First year internal medicine interns from 2 large academic medical centers in Maryland examined the same patient with aortic insufficiency as part of the Assessment of Physical Examination and Communication Skills (APECS). Interns were assessed on 5 clinical domains: physical exam technique, identifying physical signs, generating a differential diagnosis, clinical judgment, and maintaining patient welfare. Spearman's correlation test was used to describe associations between clinical domains. Preceptor comments were examined to identify common errors in physical exam technique and identifying physical signs. RESULTS One hundred nine interns examined the same patient with aortic insufficiency across 14 APECS sessions. Only 58 interns (53.2%) correctly identified the presence of a diastolic murmur, and only 52 interns (47.7%) included aortic insufficiency on their differential diagnosis. There was a significant and positive correlation between physical exam technique and identification of the correct physical findings (r = 0.42, P < .001). Both technique (r = 0.34, P = .003) and identifying findings (r = 0.42, P < .001) were significantly associated with generating an appropriate differential diagnosis. Common errors in technique included auscultating over the gown, timing the cardiac cycle with the radial pulse, and failing to palpate for the apical impulse. CONCLUSIONS Internal medicine interns had variable skills in performing and interpreting the cardiovascular physical exam. Improving cardiovascular exam skills would likely lead to increased identification of relevant cardiovascular findings, inform clinical decision making and improve overall patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Christopher Chew
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manuel De La Rosa
- Hospitalist Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amanda K Bertram
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Apurva Sharma
- Division of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Timothy M Niessen
- Hospitalist Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ariella Apfel Stein
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian T Garibaldi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Kraus M, Böcker W, Youssef Y, Faber S. [Controversies in promoting young talent in orthopedics and trauma surgery]. ORTHOPADIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 53:317-323. [PMID: 38634951 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-024-04500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of orthopedics and trauma surgery is facing a serious shortage of new talent due to the increasing average age of active surgeons and a growing need for staff. The appeal of these specialties is declining among medical students. SOLUTIONS This trend could be reversed by introducing practice-oriented curricula, mentoring programs, and early integration into professional societies. The quality of surgical education, especially bedside teaching, needs to be improved, as it is often compromised by a lack of time and insufficient pedagogical training of the educators. The practical year (PY) is crucial to attract students to these specialties, but data indicate that the quality of training in orthopedics and trauma surgery is inferior compared to other fields. Professional societies could enhance junior development through targeted programs. Moreover, the problem of recruitment is compounded by imbalanced gender ratios and working conditions that do not align with modern family models or efficient surgical training. There needs to be a rethinking of work scheduling and task distribution in surgery to make the profession more attractive and to ensure the quality of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kraus
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Universitätszentrum München (MUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Schweiz.
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Universitätszentrum München (MUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Yasmin Youssef
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum, Bereich für arthroskopische und spezielle Gelenkchirurgie/Sportverletzungen Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Svea Faber
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Muskuloskelettales Universitätszentrum München (MUM), Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
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Jellins TS, Borko TL, Otero-Bell R, Arnett K, Saunders S, Poisson SN, Orjuela KD, Salehi Omran S, Jones WJ, Leppert M, Madera A, Carlson A, Pastula DM, Sauer BM, Piquet AL, Gonzales NR. Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in medical education: DEI at the bedside. J Neurol Sci 2024; 459:122946. [PMID: 38493733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to recognize and address bias is an important communication skill not typically addressed during training. We describe the design of an educational curriculum that aims to identify and change behavior related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). "DEI at the Bedside" uses the existing infrastructure of bedside teaching and provides a tool to normalize DEI discussions and develop skills to address bias during a neurology inpatient rotation. METHODS As part of traditional clinical rounds, team members on an inpatient service shared experiences with DEI topics, including bias. The team developed potential responses should they encounter a similar situation in the future. We report the results of our needs assessment and curriculum development to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating a DEI educational curriculum in the neurology inpatient setting. RESULTS Forty-two DEI experiences were recorded. Medical students were the most frequent discussants (44%). Direction of bias occurred between healthcare team members (33%), against patients (31%), and patients against healthcare team members (28%). Experiences ranged from microaggressions to explicit comments of racism, sexism, and homophobia. CONCLUSIONS Based on needs assessment data, we developed a DEI educational curriculum for the inpatient neurology setting aimed to improve knowledge and skills related to DEI topics as well as to normalize conversation of DEI in the clinical setting. Additional study will demonstrate whether this initiative translates into measurable and sustained improvement in knowledge of how bias and disparity show up in the clinical setting and behavioral intent to discuss and address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tennyson S Jellins
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Tyler L Borko
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - RayLee Otero-Bell
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Kelly Arnett
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Scott Saunders
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Sharon N Poisson
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Karen D Orjuela
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Setareh Salehi Omran
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - William J Jones
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Michelle Leppert
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Madera
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Aaron Carlson
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Daniel M Pastula
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Brian M Sauer
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Nicole R Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Neurohospitalist & Stroke Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
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Baessler F, Zafar A, Koelkebeck K, Frodl T, Signerski-Krieger J, Pinilla S, Barth GM, Jannowitz D, Speerforck S, Roesch-Ely D, Kluge I, Aust M, Utz J, Kersten GM, Spitzer P. What do the teachers want? A targeted needs assessment survey for prospective didactic training of psychiatry medical educators. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 41:Doc18. [PMID: 38779695 PMCID: PMC11106569 DOI: 10.3205/zma001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Physicians and psychologists at psychiatric university hospitals are assigned teaching tasks from the first day of work without necessarily having the prerequisite training in teaching methods. This exploratory survey provides a needs-based analysis for the prospective didactic training of physicians and psychologists at psychiatric hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed at medical schools via email in German-speaking countries in Europe. All physicians involved in teaching medical students at psychiatry faculties were eligible to participate in the survey. Participants were further requested to recruit eligible participants (snowball sampling). Responses were analyzed descriptively, and differences between groups were calculated using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests (p<.05). Results Overall, 97 respondents (male=55, female=42; mean age= 40.6) from 19 medical schools completed the survey. The respondents consisted of 43 residents, 39 specialists, 6 chief physicians and 9 psychologists. Of the respondents, 97.6% rated didactic competence as either highly relevant or rather relevant for teaching medical students. The highest overall interest was shown for bedside teaching (mode=4; IQR: 2-4) and error culture (mode=3; IQR: 2-4). Respondents expressed the highest training needs for topics regarding presentation and communication (mode=3; IQR: 2-3). Resident physicians were significantly more interested in bedside teaching (U=362.0, p=0.004) and roleplay (U=425.0; p=0.036) than specialist physicians, who were more interested in examination didactics (U=415.0; p=0.022). Chief physicians displayed significantly deeper interest in group dynamics (U=51; p=0.023) than specialist physicians. In-person training was preferred by a majority of respondents, and 27.4% preferred online/web-based training. Conclusions The majority of physicians and psychologists at psychiatric university hospitals considered professional development for faculty to be helpful for teaching medical students. Bedside teaching and error culture management were the most desired teaching topics for training medical teachers. Tailored educational interventions are recommended, with target-oriented priorities for different hierarchical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Baessler
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Zafar
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of General, Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- University Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Medicine, LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Essen, Germany
- University Duisburg-Essen, Center for Translational Neuro- & Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Signerski-Krieger
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Severin Pinilla
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
- Marion von Tessin-Memory Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Gottfried M. Barth
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Jannowitz
- Helios Hanse Hospital Stralsund, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Sven Speerforck
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Roesch-Ely
- University of Heidelberg, Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kluge
- Marburg University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Aust
- University of Münster, University Hospital Münster, Department of Psychiatry, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Utz
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gian-Marco Kersten
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spitzer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Choi JJ, Osterberg LG, Record JD. Exploring Ward Team Handoffs of Overnight Admissions: Key Lessons from Field Observations. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:808-814. [PMID: 38038890 PMCID: PMC11043283 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic process is a dynamic, team-based activity that is an important aspect of ward rounds in teaching hospitals. However, few studies have examined how academic ward teams operate in areas such as diagnosis in the handoff of overnight admissions during ward rounds. This study draws key lessons from team interactions in the handoff process during ward rounds. OBJECTIVE To describe how ward teams operate in the handoff of patients admitted overnight during ward rounds, and to characterize the role of the bedside patient evaluation in this context. DESIGN A qualitative ethnographic approach using field observations and documentary analysis. PARTICIPANTS Attending physicians, medical residents, and medical students on general medicine services in a single teaching hospital. APPROACH Thirty-five hours of observations were undertaken over a 4-month period. We purposively approached a diverse group of attendings who cover a range of clinical teaching experience, and obtained informed consent from all ward team members and observed patients. Thirty patient handoffs were observed across 5 ward teams with 45 team members. We conducted thematic analysis of researcher field notes and electronic health record documents using social cognitive theories to characterize the dynamic interactions occurring in the real clinical environment. KEY RESULTS Teams spent less time during ward rounds on verifying history and physical examination findings, performing bedside evaluations, and discussing differential diagnoses than other aspects (e.g., reviewing patient data in conference rooms) in the team handoff process of overnight admissions. Several team-based approaches to diagnosis and bedside patient evaluations were observed, including debriefing for learning and decision-making. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights potential strengths and missed opportunities for teaching, learning, and engaging directly with patients in the ward team handoff of patients admitted overnight. These findings may inform curriculum development, faculty training, and patient safety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Choi
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars G Osterberg
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janet D Record
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Rotthoff T. Practical tips to improve bedside teaching using learning theories and clinical reasoning. MEDEDPUBLISH 2024; 13:215. [PMID: 38707219 PMCID: PMC11069040 DOI: 10.12688/mep.19826.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bedside teaching strengthens the link between theory and practice. The tips given here, which were derived from various learning theories and models, aim to provide structure to bedside teaching and to make this format effective, even though empirical evidence is still missing for this specific setting. These 10 tips may not always be fully implemented in each bedside teaching, but they should be applied selectively for targeted students. In essence, they are more to be understood as a repertoire of effective methods and are intended to expand the literature and framework concepts already available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rotthoff
- Medical Didactics and Education Research (DEMEDA), Augsburg University, Augsburg, 86259, Germany
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16
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Moll-Khosrawi P, Küllmei J, Chindris V, Ganzhorn A, Haus JM, Zöllner C, Schulte-Uentrop L. Medical student´s motivational changes during the COVID-19 university lockdown: a mixed-method study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:226. [PMID: 38438991 PMCID: PMC10913361 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the crucial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face undergraduate medical education was disrupted and replaced with online teaching activities. Based on its emphasized impact on several outcomes, a deeper insight into the pandemic related effects on medical students´ motivation is aspirational. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the motivational changes that took place during the pandemic in medical students and explored, how motivation of medical students is influenced. METHODS Using a mixed method inter-cohort study design, 4th year medical students´ motivation, assessed pre- and post-pandemic were compared. In subsequent qualitative analyses underlying variables that may have contributed to both- medical students´ motivation and pandemic related changes were identified. These variables were then systematically explored- both individually and in combination. In a final step, the results were embedded within the Self-Determination Theory. RESULTS Students who were affected by the university lockdown reported significantly higher levels of less self-determined motivation and amotivation. The qualitative analysis identified determinants that influence medical students´ motivation. The common core of these determinants is lacking social interaction and support, with a great emphasis on the interaction with the lecturer and patients. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the crucial role of medical educators, patient contact, social interactions and personal support on students´ motivation. Students need to be strengthened in their beliefs about their abilities, the value of their task at hand and receive encouragement in their efforts. All this will result in an increased identification with the task and less detrimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moll-Khosrawi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Josephine Küllmei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viorel Chindris
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Ganzhorn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Marcus Haus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Zöllner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Schulte-Uentrop
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Raab DL, Ely K, Israel K, Lin L, Donnellan A, Saupe J, Klein M, Zackoff MW. Impact of Virtual Reality Simulation on New Nurses' Assessment of Pediatric Respiratory Distress. Am J Crit Care 2024; 33:115-124. [PMID: 38424023 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2024878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children often experience respiratory illnesses requiring bedside nurses skilled in recognizing respiratory decompensation. Historically, recognizing respiratory distress has relied on teaching during direct patient care. Virtual reality simulation may accelerate such recognition among novice nurses. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a virtual reality curriculum improved new nurses' recognition of respiratory distress and impending respiratory failure in pediatric patients based on assessment of physical examination findings and appropriate escalation of care. METHODS New nurses (n = 168) were randomly assigned to complete either an immersive virtual reality curriculum on recognition of respiratory distress (intervention) or the usual orientation curriculum (control). Group differences and changes from 3 months to 6 months after the intervention were examined. RESULTS Nurses in the intervention group were significantly more likely to correctly recognize impending respiratory failure at both 3 months (23.4% vs 3.0%, P < .001) and 6 months (31.9% vs 2.6%, P < .001), identify respiratory distress without impending respiratory failure at 3 months (57.8% vs 29.6%, P = .002) and 6 months (57.9% vs 17.8%, P < .001), and recognize patients' altered mental status at 3 months (51.4% vs 18.2%, P < .001) and 6 months (46.8% vs 18.4%, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a virtual reality-based training curriculum was associated with improved recognition of pediatric respiratory distress, impending respiratory failure, and altered mental status at 3 and 6 months compared with standard training approaches. Virtual reality may offer a new approach to nurse orientation to enhance training in pediatrics-specific assessment skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Raab
- Dana L. Raab is Clinical Director for Patient Services Research and the Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kelly Ely
- Kelly Ely is a nurse specialist for the Center of Simulation and Research, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Keith Israel
- Keith Israel is an education consultant, Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Li Lin
- Li Lin is an epidemiologist/biostatistician in the Division of Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Amy Donnellan
- Amy Donnellan is a nurse practitioner for the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Jennifer Saupe
- Jennifer Saupe is a director for the Center for Professional Excellence, Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Melissa Klein
- Melissa Klein is a professor in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Matthew W Zackoff
- Matthew W. Zackoff is an assistant professor in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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18
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Edwards L, Quinton N. Good bedside teaching on secondary care placement: The student perspective. CLINICAL TEACHER 2024; 21:e13628. [PMID: 37646369 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' experience of bedside teaching (BST) on clinical placement has significantly decreased, with a shift in teaching away from the bedside. The educational value of teaching on ward rounds (WRs) has also been debated. OBJECTIVE This research considered what constitutes good BST from the student perspective; guidance to support clinician teachers was produced. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 second-year students and 10 fourth- and fifth-year students studying at Leeds Medical School. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS We identified four themes: (1) benefits of early clinical experience, (2) qualities of good clinical teachers, (3) shift in preference from structured to opportunistic learning and (4) increased valuing of the WR as a site of learning. CONCLUSION The structure of BST should be adapted to the learners' stage of training with a graduated approach, from a structured preparation for observation to authentic, observed participation with feedback. Students' early lack of clinical knowledge makes it difficult to meaningfully observe and partake in ward activities. During early clinical experience, good teaching is perceived as structured and supported by the clinician. As learners progress, they are better able to engage in opportunistic learning, which actively involves them in patient care. They also valued structured teaching and feedback. While patient contact should be supervised, a more participatory, observed and feedback-driven approach should be adopted in the later years. Teaching must address both knowledge and skills required to be a doctor; this is facilitated by an active role in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Quinton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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19
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Paul A, Leung D, Salas RME, Cruz TE, Abras C, Saylor D, Gugliucciello V, Nunn J, Gamaldo CE, Strowd RE. Comparative effectiveness study of flipped classroom versus online-only instruction of clinical reasoning for medical students. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2142358. [PMID: 36333903 PMCID: PMC9645276 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bedside clinical teaching is the backbone of clerkship education. Data-driven methods for supplementing bedside encounters with standardized content from vetted resources are needed. OBJECTIVE To compare a flipped-classroom versus an interactive online-only instruction for improving knowledge, skills, self-directed learning (SDL) behaviors, and satisfaction in a medical school clerkship. METHODS An IRB-approved prospective study employing a peer-reviewed clinical reasoning curriculum in neurology was conducted; 2nd-4th year medical students rotating through a required clerkship were enrolled. Students were randomized to flipped-classroom (i.e., flipped) or interactive asynchronous online instruction (i.e., online-only), which supplemented existing bedside teaching. Baseline and end-of-course knowledge, skill development, SDL behaviors, satisfaction, and long-term retention were assessed by peer-reviewed clinical reasoning exam, NBME scores, faculty/resident clinical evaluations, non-compulsory assignment completion, end-of-clerkship surveys, and objective structured clinical exam (OSCE). RESULTS 104 students (49 flipped, 55 online-only) were enrolled. Age, gender, and training level did not differ by group (all p > 0.43); baseline knowledge was higher in the flipped group (p = 0.003). Knowledge-based exam scores did not differ by group even after adjusting for differences in baseline knowledge (2.3-points higher in flipped group, 95%CI -0.4-4.8, p = 0.07). Clinical skills were significantly higher in the flipped group, including examination skills (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.03) and future housestaff potential (4.8 ± 0.3 vs 4.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.03). Students in the online-only group were more likely to engage in SDL (42 vs. 12%, p = 0.001) and reported more hours studying (6.1 vs. 3.8 hours, p = 0.03). Satisfaction (p = 0.51) and OSCE scores (p = 0.28) were not different by group. CONCLUSIONS In this comparative study of two evidence-based curricular delivery approaches, we observed no difference in knowledge acquired. Greater clinical skills were observed with flipped instruction, while more SDL was observed with online-only instruction. Supplementing bedside teaching with blended instruction that balances live skill development with vetted online resources is optimal for clerkship education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Paul
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Doris Leung
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Marie E Salas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiana E Cruz
- The Counseling Center, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, MD, USA
| | - Chadia Abras
- Office of the Provost, Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deanna Saylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronique Gugliucciello
- Center for Technology in Education, Johns Hopkins School of Education, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaqueline Nunn
- Center for Technology in Education, Johns Hopkins School of Education, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charlene E Gamaldo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 27104, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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20
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Rubisch HPK, Blaschke AL, Berberat PO, Fuetterer CS, Haller B, Gartmeier M. Student mistakes and teacher reactions in bedside teaching. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2023; 28:1523-1556. [PMID: 37170035 PMCID: PMC10174607 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We analyse interactions between teachers and students during video-recorded bedside teaching sessions in internal medicine, orthopaedics and neurology. Multiple raters used a high-inference categorical scheme on 36 sessions. Our research questions concern the types of student mistakes, clinical teachers' reactions to them and if they use different strategies to address different types of mistakes. We used a Poisson model and generalized mixed models to analyse these research questions. Most frequently, students made reproduction mistakes. Relatively high rates of rejection and a similar prevalence of low and high levels of elaboration and correction time for students were observed. Reproduction mistakes were associated with the highest level of rejection and the lowest level of elaboration. High levels of elaboration were observed when students were applying skills in new situations. Students were most often allowed time to correct when mistakes in the areas of analysis or application of skills and knowledge had occurred. There is a decrease in the rate of making mistakes for neurology and orthopaedics compared to internal medicine. Reproduction mistakes influence significantly the outcome feedback compared to application mistakes. Analytic and reproduction mistakes influence elaboration significantly compared to application mistakes. We found a significant effect whether the lecturer allows time for correction of reproduction mistakes compared to application mistakes. These results contribute to the understanding of interactive, patient-centred clinical teaching as well as student mistakes and how teachers are reacting to them. Our descriptive findings provide an empirical basis for clinical teachers to react to student mistakes in didactically fruitful ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P K Rubisch
- Lehrstuhl für Medizindidaktik, medizinische Lehrentwicklung und Bildungsforschung Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Blaschke
- Lehrstuhl für Medizindidaktik, medizinische Lehrentwicklung und Bildungsforschung Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal O Berberat
- Lehrstuhl für Medizindidaktik, medizinische Lehrentwicklung und Bildungsforschung Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia S Fuetterer
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Gartmeier
- Lehrstuhl für Medizindidaktik, medizinische Lehrentwicklung und Bildungsforschung Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Medicine, TUM Medical Education Center, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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21
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ODEKUNLE AYOMIKUN, OLAIYA AARINOLA, MOJIBOLA BOLANLE, OLATUNJI OLADIPO, ODEKUNLE OLUWASEUN. Declining bedside teaching: the need for African medical institutions to adopt a structured approach. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2771. [PMID: 38020281 PMCID: PMC10658465 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dear Editor, Bedside teaching or ward rounds teaching has for many years been a major component of medical education but its use is currently on the downward trend in several medical institutions. The causes of this decline are diverse including busier hospitals with limited time allocation to complete each day's tasks. This reality calls for innovative ways to make bedside teaching more effective within time constraints. [...]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - OLADIPO OLATUNJI
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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22
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Huang KX, Chen CK, Pessegueiro AM, Dowling E, Dermenchyan A, Natarajan A, Krishnan D, Vangala SS, Simon WM. Physician behaviors associated with increased physician and nurse communication during bedside interdisciplinary rounds. J Hosp Med 2023; 18:888-895. [PMID: 37584618 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective team communication during interdisciplinary rounds (IDRs) is a hallmark of safe, efficient, patient-centered care. However, there is limited understanding of optimal IDR structures and procedures. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze direct observations of physician and nurse interactions during bedside IDR to identify behaviors associated with increased interprofessional communication. DESIGNS, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Trained observers audited general medicine ward rounds at an academic medical center using a standardized tool to record physician and nurse behavior and communication in 1007 patient encounters in October 2019 to March 2020. RESULTS There were significant differences in physician and nurse interaction time among physicians with different levels of training, with attendings demonstrating higher interaction time than residents (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 4.3 ± 3.7 min, p = .02) and interns or medical students (3.0 ± 3.2 min, p = .002). Attendings were more likely to initiate a conversation about nurse concerns (76.9%) compared to residents (67.9%) and interns or medical students (59.3%, p = .03). Early nurse participation in bedside visits was associated with increased physician and nurse interaction time (5.0 ± 4.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7 min, p < .001) and physician initiative to ask about nurse concerns (74.8% vs. 64.3%, p = .04). In addition, physician initiative to ask the nurse for concerns rather than waiting for the nurse to offer concerns without being prompted was associated with a subsequent conversation about those concerns (74.5% vs. 61.8%, p < .001) and the physician asking about patient or family concerns (94.2% vs. 88.4%, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Implementing IDR structures and procedures that promote attending physician involvement, physician initiative, and early nurse participation could optimize interdisciplinary communication and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly X Huang
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caitlin K Chen
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Erin Dowling
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna Dermenchyan
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Dhwani Krishnan
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sitaram S Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy M Simon
- Department of Medicine Quality, UCLA Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alzerwi NAN. Flexner has fallen: Transitions in medical education system across time, a gradual return to pre-Flexnerian state (de-Flexnerization). World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4966-4974. [PMID: 37583863 PMCID: PMC10424023 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i21.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner, his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur. He could say what other reformers could not, due to their links to the medical education community. But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students, the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers, lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis, poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes. The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations. This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards, ideologies, structures, processes, and attitudes, are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes, for you get what you designed for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A N Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Peramuna Gamage M, Baskaran R, Mukhopadhyay S, Dalavaye N, Leveridge B, Ganesananthan S, Spencer R, Manivannan S, Zaben M. Assessment of Factors That Students Perceive to Affect Their Virtual Learning of Clinical Skills for OSCE. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:707-712. [PMID: 37440771 PMCID: PMC10335294 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s402920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a vital examination that must be passed to graduate as a qualified doctor. The delivery of OSCE teaching was changed to an online format to accommodate COVID-19 restrictions. Therefore, this study evaluates factors that students perceive to affect their virtual learning of clinical skills for OSCE. Methods In this cross-sectional study, all medical students from across the world who attended "The Respiratory Station" session delivered by OSCEazy (a medical student organization providing free online medical education) in the academic year 2020-2021 received an online questionnaire about their perceptions of this learning opportunity. The survey was created on Google™ forms and consisted of 5-point Likert scales as well as free-text boxes. Results A total of 556 responses were received (mean age: 24, female: 76.6%). Most students agreed that online OSCE teaching offers more flexibility and convenience (median: 5, IQR: 4-5) but their likeliness to ask questions in either format was similar (median: 4, IQR: 3-5 vs median: 4, IQR: 3-4, p value: 0.94). The use of visual aids (median: 5, IQR: 4-5) and breakout rooms (median: 3, IQR: 2-4) were thought to enhance the quality of virtual OSCE teaching. The biggest concern about online teaching was access to a stable internet connection (69.1%). Conclusion The flexibility and convenience of virtual OSCE teaching enables the sharing of knowledge and skills to a wider audience and thus may be a very useful adjunct to face-to-face OSCE teaching in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravanth Baskaran
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Srinjay Mukhopadhyay
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Nishaanth Dalavaye
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Becky Leveridge
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | - Robert Spencer
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute (NMHII), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Susruta Manivannan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malik Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute (NMHII), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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He L, Saygin D, Leverenz D, Quimson L, Martin SK, Ko K. A single center pilot study: assessing resident needs and faculty perceptions to improve training in rheumatology. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:351. [PMID: 37208739 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internal medicine (IM) residents lack confidence in rheumatology. Due to the wide variety of topics in rheumatology, identifying the most important subjects to learn during training is vital to create future interventions to increase confidence and knowledge. The preferred teaching modality for both attendings/fellows and residents is not known. METHODS An electronic survey was distributed to all IM residents, rheumatology fellows, and rheumatology faculty at the University of Chicago during the 2020-2021 academic year. Residents reported self-confidence levels on 10 rheumatology topics, while rheumatology attendings/fellows were asked to rank these from most to least important to learn during IM residency. All groups were asked preferred teaching modality. RESULTS Median confidence level [interquartile range] among residents for caring for patients with rheumatological conditions was 6 [3.6-7.5] for inpatient and 5 [3.7-6.5] for outpatient settings (10 being very confident). Attendings and fellows identified the most important topics to learn during the rheumatology rotation as ordering and interpreting autoimmune serologies and musculoskeletal exam. Both attendings/fellows and residents preferred bedside teaching in the inpatient setting and case-based learning in the outpatient setting. CONCLUSIONS While some disease-specific topics such as autoimmune serologies were identified as important rheumatology topics for IM residents to learn, more practical topics like musculoskeletal exam skills were also deemed important. This highlights the need for comprehensive interventions that focus on more than standardized exam topics alone to improve rheumatology confidence in IM residents. There are different preferences of teaching styles in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren He
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Didem Saygin
- University of Chicago Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Leverenz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laarni Quimson
- University of Chicago Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon K Martin
- Univeristy of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kichul Ko
- University of Chicago Section of Rheumatology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ahmed H, King AB, Mohamed N, Mokaya E, Chapman K, Leonard R. Perception versus reality: analysis of time spent on bedside rounds in an academic ICU (Intensive Care Unit). BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:274. [PMID: 37085853 PMCID: PMC10120486 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its importance, teaching at the bedside is declining over time. This purported decline has not been quantified. Quantifying bedside teaching is challenging, and we found only one study quantifying bedside teaching on a hospitalist service. OBJECTIVE We conducted a study to understand the prevalence of bedside teaching in our medical intensive care unit. METHODS We conducted a single-center single-unit study in the medical intensive care unit of an academic tertiary care institution. We used a survey tool to assess perceived time spent on bedside teaching, quality of teaching, and total rounding time. In parallel, independent observers objectively measured time spent on rounds and on bedside teaching. Residents were asked to complete the survey once a week. Independent observers collected data daily and weekly averages were obtained. RESULTS 43 responses were collected over a 4-month period. Most respondents (73%) reported a total rounding time of either 90-120 min or greater than 120 min. Median reported bedside teaching time was 16-20 min with 16 respondents (37%) reporting less than 15 min and 27 respondents (63%) reporting 16 min or more. The amount of time spent on bedside teaching was reported as adequate or more than adequate by 77% (33) of respondents with 58% (25) reporting that bedside teaching was very or extremely effective in helping them learn. Mean census reported by the independent observers was 12.75 patients per team. Bedside teaching represented an average of 12% of total rounding time, 16.85 min per day. While total rounding time increased with increasing census, there was no decline in bedside teaching time. CONCLUSION It is reported that bedside teaching has decreased over time. Our study has demonstrated that bedside teaching occurs in our Medical ICU, and though it represents a minority of the time spent on rounds, residents still reported teaching in the ICU to be adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Austin B King
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nada Mohamed
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Erica Mokaya
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kyle Chapman
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rachel Leonard
- West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Donroe JH, Soares S, Sofair AN. Strategies to Improve Teaching Point-of-Care Ultrasound at the Bedside. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:577-581. [PMID: 37261030 PMCID: PMC10226959 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Point-of care-ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming a core clinical skill in many medical specialties. Teaching POCUS at the bedside allows for observation of learners during actual patient encounters, provides a medium for role modeling skills and behaviors, and incorporates all core POCUS competencies. Nonetheless, bedside teaching can be time consuming and intimidating for learners and teachers, and the full benefits of teaching at the bedside can be difficult to attain. We provide strategies for improving bedside POCUS teaching based on our collective experience as medical educators and POCUS instructors at both the undergraduate and graduate levels in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Donroe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Office MOB 210, 1450 Chapel Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Sarita Soares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Office MOB 210, 1450 Chapel Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - André N. Sofair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Office MOB 210, 1450 Chapel Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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Barrington J, Polley C, van Heerden C, Gray A. Parents' attitudes to medical education on paediatric ward rounds. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2023; 108:134-138. [PMID: 35361664 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand parents' attitudes to medical education of junior doctors and students during ward rounds, and to explore how parents' perceptions vary in medical and surgical paediatric wards. DESIGN A mixed-methods descriptive study was done using 100 semistructured interviews across two departments at a single tertiary-level paediatric hospital. Quantitative data were derived from closed-ended interview responses and analysed using descriptive statistics to explore overall parental satisfaction with education on rounds. Qualitative data were obtained from open-ended interview responses using inductive content analysis, with themes agreed between three researchers. RESULTS This study demonstrated high parental satisfaction with education on ward rounds, with over 85% of parents satisfied with education occurring on rounds. There was no difference between medical and surgical cohorts despite more parents witnessing teaching on medical rounds (70%) than on surgical rounds (16%). Qualitative data derived four key themes: altruism as the reason for supporting education, the child still comes first, setting the scene and the location matters. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates parents support education of medical students and junior doctors during ward rounds, provided ward-based learning is not perceived to compromise care. Intentional communication with parents regarding the teaching process, including timing and location of teaching, helps improve engagement and parental satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barrington
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Polley
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn van Heerden
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Gray
- The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Elhilu AH, El-Setouhy M, Mobarki AS, Abualgasem MM, Ahmed MA. Peer Role-Play Simulation: A Valuable Alternative to Bedside Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:257-264. [PMID: 36994352 PMCID: PMC10040340 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s399531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affected every aspect of life worldwide. Contact restrictions and social distancing during the epidemic has led to the suspension of bedside teaching (BST) and shifting to online didactic teaching and other methods of active learning. We implemented peer role-play simulation (PRPS) during the pandemic to compensate for the suspended BST. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of PRPS in developing the students' verbal communication, empathy and clinical reasoning skills compared to BST. METHODS This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Jazan University faculty of medicine with the study sample including all medical students enrolled in 5th and 6th year during the academic year 2020-21. Data collection involved using a web-based validated questionnaire. RESULTS Most of the students (84.1%) rated bedside teaching (BST) as extremely beneficial or beneficial in developing verbal communication skills compared to 73.3% for peer role-play simulation (PRPS). A similar pattern was found in empathy skills development with 84.1% for bedside compared to 72.2% for PRPS. The pattern is reversed with the development of clinical reasoning skills with 77.7% rating BST as beneficial or extremely beneficial compared to 81.2% for PRPS. CONCLUSION Overall, peer role-play is generally a valuable and trustworthy method in the absence of bedside teaching for enhancing clinical reasoning skills of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic from students' perspective. It is less efficient than bedside teaching in enhancing communication skills. It cannot wholly replace bedside teaching, although it can be used reliably for that purpose in exceptional circumstances when bedside teaching cannot be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sadeiq Mobarki
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Maki Abualgasem
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ageel Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Suliman S, Akbar R, Yousaf Z, Ghazouani H, Al-Mohanadi D, Al-Mohammed A, Alkhal A. The Pros and Cons of Use of Handheld Electronic Devices During Ward Rounds and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:245-255. [PMID: 36960386 PMCID: PMC10028557 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s395501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The exponential use of handheld electronic devices (HEDs) among healthcare providers has shown the potential to enhance clinical workflows and improve patient care. However, the challenges and risks of carrying these devices during ward rounds and their impact on postgraduate trainees' (PGTs') training in general and more specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic need to be explored. METHODS A cross-sectional mixed-methods online survey was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of trainees and faculty at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education International accredited residency and fellowships programs in Qatar on the use of HEDs on clinical workflow, trainees' education, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and fifty-eight participants were enrolled in the study (87 postgraduate trainees and 71 faculty). Exploratory data analysis and descriptive statistics were performed using STATA version 12 and thematic analysis of 301 qualitative responses to the survey open-ended questions using Atlas. ti qualitative software, version 9.4.0. RESULTS Almost all PGTs, 83 (95.4%), and faculty 43 (62.3%) use HEDs during ward rounds. Accessibility of patient information by PGTs 73 (94.8%) and faculty 46 (84.4%) and work efficiency were the main perceived benefits. Hindering communication between team members, disruption of interaction with patients, increased risk of infection and breach of patient confidentiality were among the challenges associated with their use. Carrying devices reduced the frequency of hand hygiene practices and physical examinations of patients by trainees. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in the use of HEDs by both faculty [38(64%)] and PGTs [42(60%)]. CONCLUSION HEDs' use is valued by both faculty and PGTs in enhancing workflow, trainees' education, patient experience, and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Graduate medical education leaders should adopt measures to monitor their use during ward rounds as they can negatively impact trainees' education, reduce interaction with patients, increase the risk of infection, and breach patient confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Suliman
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raza Akbar
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zohaib Yousaf
- Internal Medicine, Tower Health, West Reading, PA, USA
| | | | - Dabia Al-Mohanadi
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Medical Education Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Al-Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullatif Alkhal
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Medical Education Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Pang NTP, Tio VCS, Singh ASB, Tseu MWL, Shoesmith WD, Abd Rahim MA, Mohd Kassim MA. Efficacy of a single-session online ACT-based mindfulness intervention among undergraduates in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023; 44:e20200172. [PMID: 34392668 PMCID: PMC10039730 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has trickle-down psychological effects on multiple strata of society, particularly university students. Apart from the worry of contracting or spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down on their campuses, suffering significant psychological distress. Hence, an online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological flexibility and mindfulness. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study with university students as participants. Intervention group participants were instructed to complete online questionnaires which covered basic demographics and instruments assessing depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group also completed before and after questionnaires and were subsequently crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess time*group effects. RESULTS 118 participants were involved in this study. There were significant differences in anxiety (F(1,116) = 34.361, p < 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.229) and psychological flexibility between the two groups (F(1,116) = 11.010, p = 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.087), while there were no differences in depression, stress, mindfulness, or fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSION The results of this study corroborate the efficacy of online single-session mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention under financial and time constraints. Since university students are in the age group with the highest incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many students as possible to ensure maximum benefit.
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Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Simulation-based training using virtual reality head-mounted displays (VR-HMD) is increasingly being used within the field of medical education. This article systematically reviews and appraises the quality of the literature on the use of VR-HMDs in medical education. A search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO was carried out. Studies were screened according to predefined exclusion criteria, and quality was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. In total, 41 articles were included and thematically divided into 5 groups: anatomy, procedural skills, surgical procedures, communication skills, and clinical decision making. Participants highly appreciated using VR-HMD and rated it better than most other training methods. Virtual reality head-mounted display outperformed traditional methods of learning surgical procedures. Although VR-HMD showed promising results when learning anatomy, it was not considered better than other available study materials. No conclusive findings could be synthesized regarding the remaining 3 groups.
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Duffy B, Tully R, Stanton AV. An online case-based teaching and assessment program on clinical history-taking skills and reasoning using simulated patients in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36600232 PMCID: PMC9811710 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for medical students and educators worldwide. Groups 1, 2 and 3 of year 3, semester 2 medical students at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (n = 275) had only completed 2, 5 and 7 weeks, respectively, of their scheduled 10-week clinical medicine and surgery attachments, prior to the Irish shutdown of all in-person non-essential activities, including medical student education. METHODS We developed and delivered an online case-based program, focused on history-taking skills and clinical reasoning, using simulated patients and video technologies. 12 tutorials were delivered over 6 weeks to 35 subgroups of 8 students in line with program learning outcomes. Both simulated patients (n = 36), and tutors (n = 45, from retired clinical professors to newly graduated physicians), were rapidly upskilled in Blackboard Collaborate and Microsoft Teams, and also in the provision of constructive feedback. We evaluated this newly developed program by the following three criteria: student attendance, achieved grades, and student feedback. RESULTS Attendance at the 12 tutorials was higher amongst group 1 and 2 students (75 and 73%) by comparison with group 3 students (60%) (p = < 0.001). Of the 273 students that sat the Year 3 Semester 2 online long case assessment, 93% were successful. Despite group 1 students having the least prior clinical experience, results were similar to those of groups 2 and 3 (1st honors, 2nd honors, pass, and fail grades for group 1, 39%, 33%, 23% and 6%; group 2, 34%, 41%, 17% and 8%; group 3, 39%, 25%, 28% and 7%) (p = 0.48). An increased attendance rate at tutorials was associated with higher numbers of honors grades (p = < 0.001). Anonymous feedback from the students demonstrated considerable satisfaction with program: > 85% agreed that the online program was interactive and very educational. CONCLUSIONS Use of online video technology, tutors of varied experience, and simulated patients were demonstrated to replicate patient encounters, and to facilitate the development of clinical skills remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Duffy
- Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Roisin Tully
- Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice V Stanton
- Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
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Blaschke AL, Rubisch HPK, Schindler AK, Berberat PO, Gartmeier M. How is modern bedside teaching structured? A video analysis of learning content, social and spatial structures. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:790. [PMID: 36380308 PMCID: PMC9664733 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedside teaching (BST) is an essential and traditional clinical teaching format. It has been subject to various impediments and has transformed over time. Besides a decrease in bedside time, there has also been a didactic diversification. In order to use time at the bedside effectively and understand the current design of BST, we here offer an evidence-based insight into how BST is practiced. This may serve as a basis for a refinement of its didactic design. METHODS In the current study, we investigate the interrelationships between learning content and the social as well as spatial structures of BST. To this end, we have empirically analysed almost 80 hours of video material from a total of 36 BST sessions with good interrater reliability. RESULTS BST lasted on average 125 min, most of which was spent in plenary and less than a third of the time at the patient's bedside. History taking was primarily practiced at the bedside while case presentations, clinical reasoning and theoretical knowledge were largely taught away from the patient. Clinical examination took place to a similar extent in the patient's room and in the theory room. CONCLUSIONS Even though the filmed BSTs are not purely "bedside", the teaching format investigated here is a typical example of undergraduate medical education. In order to maximize the teaching time available, a suitable learning space should be provided in addition to the bedside. Moreover, the clinical examination should be revised in its general sequence prior to the BST, and conscious decisions should be made regarding the social structure so as to optimize the potential of small groups and plenary sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Blaschke
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hannah P K Rubisch
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schindler
- DEMEDA (Department of Medical Education), Medical Didactics and Educational Research, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Pascal O Berberat
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Gartmeier
- TUM Medical Education Center, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Khalaf Z, Khan S. Education During Ward Rounds: Systematic Review. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e40580. [PMID: 36285742 PMCID: PMC9685505 DOI: 10.2196/40580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancing the educational experience provided by ward rounds requires an understanding of current perceptions of the educational value of rounds. Objective This systematic review examines perceptions of education in ward rounds, educational activities in ward rounds, barriers to learning, and perceptions of simulation-based ward rounds. Methods The 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. MEDLINE (EBSCO), Cochrane, and Scopus were searched on May 29, 2022, for studies assessing learning during ward rounds. The search terms included “ward rounds,” “education,” and “trainees.” Then, the selected articles were reference searched. In total, 354 articles were retrieved. The articles were assessed for eligibility by 2 independent reviewers who screened titles, abstracts, and full-length texts. Articles addressing trainees’ education in all ward rounds were included. Articles were excluded if they were specific to certain disciplines, were reviews, were not published in scholarly journals, were published before 2015, were published in languages other than English, or did not concern human participants. Following the removal of 63 duplicates, a total of 268 articles were excluded. The risk of bias within the selected articles was also assessed via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. Qualitative data were used to describe results in a narrative synthesis and in tables. Results A total of 23 articles were included. Perceptions of teaching in rounds were addressed by 6 studies, of which 3 showed negative perceptions among participants, 2 reported ambivalent perceptions, and 1 showed positive perceptions. Perceived barriers to teaching during rounds were assessed by 7 studies. The reported barriers included time constraints, workloads, schedules, interruptions, the service-oriented nature of rounds, the lack of feedback, hierarchies, the lack of opportunities to ask questions and be engaged in patient management, and divergent learner needs. Further, 8 studies identified types of educational activities, including observation, patient-specific teaching, and discussion. Perceptions of learning through simulated ward rounds were assessed by 8 studies, and a consensus of satisfaction was noted among learners. The interventions that were explored to improve education included using teaching frameworks, involving clinical librarians, and changing the setting of ward rounds. Conclusions The main limitations of this review are the predominant use of qualitative data in the included articles and the lack of standardization for the educational compositions of ward rounds among articles, which made the articles hard to compare. In conclusion, learning opportunities in ward rounds are often missed, and trainees perceive rounds to have low educational value. It is important to recognize the barriers to education during ward rounds and address them to maximize the benefits of ward rounds. Finally, there is a need to develop plans that incorporate teaching regularly during ward rounds in the inpatient setting. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42022337736; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=337736
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khalaf
- Department of Postgraduate Surgical Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shaheer Khan
- Department of Postgraduate Surgical Studies, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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OKTAR S. Basic medical sciences should be mainly taught by the clinicians for a tightly integration of basic and clinical sciences in medical education. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2022. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.1159175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical education today faces many problems. But the most serious problem is the inability to integrate basic and clinical sciences. For this reason, students alienate from basic sciences and also clinicians are leaving sciences to basic scientists every day. The basic medical sciences learned in the preclinical term are remembered less by the students and cannot be sufficiently associated with clinical reality. Because a basic scientific knowledge learned without clinical framework is a low-value data that the student does not know how to use. Therefore, all reform initiatives in the medical education curriculum stick to the obstacle of basic sciences. Now is the time to take bold steps. The first step should be to removed the preclinical term from medical education. Medical education should only consist of clinical education term. This will gain the student and clinician a lot more time for clinical training. The second step should be to take basic sciences education from basic scientists and place it under the responsibility of clinicians. Clinician can decide much better how much of a basic sciences knowledge is clinically relevant. As a component of clinical education, it is best for the students to internalize the basic sciences during classroom, bedside and other clinical practices under the clinician's authority. Thus, students may be graduated as academic clinicians who have internalized the basic sciences and integrated the basic sciences with the clinical reality.
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Frutiger M, Whillier S. Effects of a sudden change in curriculum delivery mode in postgraduate clinical studies, following the COVID-19 pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION 2022; 36:132-141. [PMID: 35394044 PMCID: PMC9536236 DOI: 10.7899/jce-21-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a change in the delivery mode of clinical neurology, a postgraduate subject at Macquarie University, following COVID-19 restrictions on face-to-face teaching. METHODS Participants were master of chiropractic students (n = 212) who completed 2019 or 2020 clinical neurology. The main outcome measure was a comparison of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) marks between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts. The 2019 group underwent traditional, face-to-face learning, whereas the 2020 group were taught and examined remotely in session 1 but returned to campus in session 2. Descriptive analyses, between-group differences, and generalized linear models were performed. RESULTS Means for OSCE marks between the 2 groups were higher in the 2020 group in session 1 (p < .001). However, when students returned to campus in session 2, the means were significantly lower in the 2020 group compared with the 2019 group (p < .001). Generalized linear regression indicated that the web-based mode of delivery in 2020 might have had a significant impact on OSCE marks compared with their 2019 counterparts (p < .001). CONCLUSION The sudden change in the mode of delivery from face-to-face to remote learning and the change in testing methods in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on clinical neurology student performance scores. The OSCE marks in the 2020 cohort for session 1 were higher than those in 2019. However, when the 2020 cohort returned to on-campus tutorials in session 2, their marks were lower than those of their 2019 counterparts.
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Bauserman M, Patterson J, Price W. Improving Faculty Teaching Practices: Fostering the "Ideal ICU Teacher" Using a Positive Deviance Strategy. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:1254-1256. [PMID: 35306186 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe an innovative approach to medical education, using "positive deviants," or faculty who emerge as role models, despite responsibilities that compete with teaching efforts. In small group sessions, "positive deviants" taught effective strategies, resulting in faculty implementing new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bauserman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Jackie Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wayne Price
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Kekunnaya R, Deshmukh AV, Sheth J, Chattannavar G, Sachadeva V. Virtual bedside clinics in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus - An innovation in education and learning. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3129-3133. [PMID: 35918987 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_357_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We piloted an innovation in teaching by conducting live virtual bedside clinics and evaluated the effectiveness compared to conventional bedside clinics. The purpose is to report the methodology and survey results of this innovation in teaching. A virtual bedside clinic was set up utilizing multiple audio-visual aids at a tertiary eye care facility. The bedside clinic was conducted and streamed live to pre-registered participants across the globe using the Zoom platform. The online survey was conducted comparing its effectiveness with conventional bedside clinics. A total of five sessions were conducted. A total of 2058 participants registered (411/session), of which 938 (45.57%) attended (187/session). A total of 287 participants (30.6%) responded to the survey. The respondents included ophthalmology residents (43.4%), fellows (19%), sub-specialty ophthalmologists (15.4%), general ophthalmologists (12%), and optometrists (9%). More than 95% of the respondents felt that these clinics were equally effective/better in imparting the following: physical examination 97%, clinical knowledge 99.3%, clinical reasoning 98.3%, procedural skills 95%, and communication skills 96.5%. Respondents suggested that these clinics were better/equally effective in the following techniques: general examination (96%), ocular motility (93.3%), nystagmus evaluation (93.3%), and anterior (80%) and posterior segment examination (73.3%). The hybrid mode presentation (97.3%) and discussion with the panel (100%) were reported to be equally effective/much better. Live virtual bedside clinics are a novel and effective way of continuing quality teaching and impactful learning. Most of the bedside manners, procedural skills, and examination techniques can be effectively taught through this virtual platform with a scope to improve anterior and posterior segment examination skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ajinkya V Deshmukh
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jenil Sheth
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Goura Chattannavar
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Virender Sachadeva
- Child Sight Institute, Nimmagadda Prasad Children's Eye Care Centre, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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van Enk A, Nimmon L, Buckley H, Cuncic C, Canfield C, Veerapen K, Holmes C. Presenting cases in front of patients: implications for a key medical education genre. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:621-643. [PMID: 35366717 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Case presentations have been researched as both an important form of intra/inter-professional communication, where a patient's clinical information is shared among health professionals involved in their care, and an equally key discursive tool in education, where learners independently assess a patient and present the case to their preceptor and/or care team. But what happens to the case presentation, a genre that governs physician (and learner) talk about patients, when it is used in patients' presence? While they were commonly used at the bedside in the past, case presentations today are more commonly performed in hallways or conference rooms, out of patient earshot. This paper draws on interview data from a study involving patient-present case presentations in a medical education setting. Our analysis asks what participants' metageneric comments about the encounter can teach us about the genre, about patient involvement in medical education, and about linguistic adaptations to the genre that the profession might make to support patient involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke van Enk
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education (DIME), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 850 ch. Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
| | - Laura Nimmon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather Buckley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cary Cuncic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carolyn Canfield
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kiran Veerapen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheryl Holmes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Flugelman MY, Glueck RM, Aronson D, Shiran A. The two envelopes method for active learning. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 39:Doc30. [PMID: 36119147 PMCID: PMC9469574 DOI: 10.3205/zma001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Active learning improves knowledge acquisition and provides medical students with learning habits that become an integral part of their behavior. As an integral element of our institution's transition from a lecture hall teaching culture to active learning, the current project, conducted with fourth year students, aimed to examine the effects of the two envelopes method of teaching on students' knowledge. METHOD The class of 120 students was divided into 12 groups of 10 students each. Six experienced senior cardiologists were assigned to teach the 12 groups. When the students arrived at the classroom, they received two envelopes. Students were instructed to open the first envelope and answer a 10-question test in 15 minutes. After completing the test, they returned the tests to the envelope, sealed it, and then opened the second envelope which included the same test and relevant patient information. They then spent the next 30 minutes discussing the test as a group and familiarizing themselves with the patients' case histories and clinical data. After completion of the group discussion, the tutor entered the room for a two-hour discussion of the patients' disease entities including the anatomy, physiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnostic measures, and potential therapies. RESULTS We compared grades and standard deviations of grades between two classes: one learned in the lecture hall format (2018) and the other learned employing the two-envelopes method (2019). There was a non-statistically significant trend toward better grades with reduced dispersion of grades in the class that learned with the two-envelope method. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel method for active learning that enhances self-learning and peer learning, and we observed better knowledge acquisition and reduced knowledge dispersion that were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Y. Flugelman
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert M. Glueck
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Rambam Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avinoam Shiran
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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Rotthoff T. Between expectation and reality. A plea for more evidence-based bedside teaching. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 39:Doc38. [PMID: 36119144 PMCID: PMC9469567 DOI: 10.3205/zma001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rotthoff
- University of Augsburg, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Didactics and Educational Research, DEMEDA, Augsburg, Germany
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Lange S, Krüger N, Warm M, op den Winkel M, Buechel J, Huber J, Genzel-Boroviczény O, Fischer MR, Dimitriadis K. Online medical history taking course: Opportunities and limitations in comparison to traditional bedside teaching. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 39:Doc34. [PMID: 36119150 PMCID: PMC9469571 DOI: 10.3205/zma001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obtaining a systematic medical history (MH) from a patient is a core competency in medical education and plays a vital role in the diagnosis of diseases. At the Faculty of Medicine at LMU Munich, students have their first course in MH taking during their second year. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional bedside MH taking course had to be transformed into an online course (OC). Our objectives were to implement an online MH taking course, to evaluate its feasibility and to compare the evaluation results to a historic cohort that had undertaken the traditional bedside teaching course (BTC). METHODS 874 second-year students participated in the OC (BTC=827). After teaching the theoretical background via asynchronous online lectures, students participated in a practical exercise with fellow students using the video communication platform Zoom where they were able to practice taking a MH on the basis of fictitious, text-based patient cases. Students were then asked to evaluate the course through a standardized online survey with 31 questions on teaching quality and self-perceived learning success, which had also been used in previous years. The survey results were compared to the results of the historic cohort using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS A total of n=162 students (18.5%) evaluated the OC. In the historic cohort, n=252 (30.5%) completed the survey. 85.3% of the OC respondents thought that the atmosphere during the practical exercise was productive and 83.0% greatly appreciated the flexibility in terms of time management. Moreover, they appreciated the online resources as well as having the opportunity to undertake a MH taking course during the COVID-19 pandemic. 27.7% of the respondents thought that traditional BTCs should be supplemented through more online activities in the future. With respect to the ability of independently taking a MH upon completion of the course, the OC was rated significantly lower relative to the BTC (mean OC=2.4, SD=±1.1 vs. mean BTC=1.9, SD=±1.1 (1=strongly agree; 5=strongly disagree); p<0.0001). CONCLUSION OCs are a feasible format and seem to convey the theory and practical implementation in a peer-exercise format of MH taking to medical students. The theoretical background can be acquired with great flexibility. Nevertheless, the students' self-appraisal suggested that the traditional teaching format was more effective at teaching MH taking skills. Thus, we propose a blended learning concept, combining elements of both formats. In this context, we suggest prospective, randomized trials to evaluate blended learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Lange
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Krüger
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Warm
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Department of Internal Medicine III, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark op den Winkel
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Buechel
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Huber
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| | - Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczény
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Neonatology Campus Innenstadt, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin R. Fischer
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Dimitriadis
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute of Medical Education, Munich, Germany
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
- University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich, Germany
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Pan GC, Zheng W, Liao SC. Qualitative study of the learning and studying process of resident physicians in China. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:460. [PMID: 35706013 PMCID: PMC9202223 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical medical education is essential in physician training. This study developed recommendations for medical residency course design on the basis of the perspectives of learners in China and how they interact with their environment. The central research topic was the professional development and learning process of residents, including the obstacles that hinder and factors that promote their learning, their views on existing teaching methods, interaction between teachers and medical teams, and suggestions for designing future residency training programs. METHODS This study had a qualitative research design. Interviews were conducted between July and October 2019 with 17 specialist residents and 12 assistant general practitioner residents from the department of education of the hospital. The participants were recruited from Qingyuan People's Hospital in Guangdong Province, China. The interview outlines focused on the following four themes: clinical learning experiences and reflections on learning, experience of interaction with patients, experience of working with other medical personnel, and future learning directions. RESULTS To overcome challenges in clinical learning, the residents mainly learned from their teachers and focused specifically on their own experiences. Regarding teaching methods and designs in clinical medicine, the residents preferred large-group, small-group, and bedside teaching and reported that bedside teaching enables the resolution of clinical problems, initiates self-learning, and improves diagnostic thinking. They disliked teachers with low teaching motivation or who were reluctant to interact with them and favored teachers who had strong teaching skills and respect for their students. CONCLUSIONS The residents suggested that clinical and active learning must be the main learning method for developing general medical competencies. Residency training must be conducted in an environment that facilitates residents' learning and meaningful learning activities. The interdependent symbiotic relationships in the education ecosystem can serve as a reference for designing residency courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Chang Pan
- Department of Education of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Education of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shih-Chieh Liao
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, 91, Shueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Perng P, Greer KE. An Ode to Kodachrome: The Color Film That Transformed Dermatologic Medical Education. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:928-932. [PMID: 35704331 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance From its debut in 1935 until its discontinuation in 2009, Eastman Kodak Company's Kodachrome color reversal film was a cornerstone for dermatologic teaching innovations that transformed 20th century medical education. This Special Communication examines Kodachrome's contributions to the field of dermatology, as well as its lessons for improving inclusive representation of patients of all skin tones in 21st century dermatologic curricula. Observations Kodachrome's color quality, its slide transparency format, and its broad commercial availability democratized the creation, sharing, and teaching of visual information about skin disease in the 20th century. Kodachrome's usefulness as a complement to bedside teaching modernized medical school curricula, dermatologic conferences, and the American Board of Dermatology certifying examination, which inspired the Kodachrome-style of didactic that remains central to dermatologic training programs today. However, Kodachrome film was also the product of a prejudiced era when color film technology and photographic best practices were optimized for white skin. These biases are still evident in industry standards, photographic techniques, and the historically unjust representation of skin of color in educational resources. Conclusions and Relevance Kodachrome film contributed substantially to shaping 20th-century medical education; however, its legacy is a reminder that diverse and inclusive image representation in dermatologic curricula is vital to counteracting implicit biases, correcting assumptions about disease epidemiology, and providing high-quality care for patients of all skin tones. Historical biases that have harmed representations of racial and ethnic minorities in dermatologic curricula are being addressed through improvements in digital photographic technologies, photographic best practices that serve a broader range of skin tones, inclusive skin color representation in contemporary educational resources, and skin-of-color specific curriculum for learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Powell Perng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Kenneth E Greer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
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Ratelle JT, Gallagher CN, Sawatsky AP, Kashiwagi DT, Schouten WM, Gonzalo JD, Beckman TJ, West CP. The Effect of Bedside Rounds on Learning Outcomes in Medical Education: A Systematic Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:923-930. [PMID: 35020612 PMCID: PMC9126262 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if bedside rounds, compared with other forms of hospital ward rounds, improve learning outcomes in medical education. METHOD For this systematic review, the authors searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from inception through February 20, 2020. Experimental studies were included if they (1) compared bedside rounds to any other form of rounds in a hospital-based setting, and (2) reported a quantitative comparison of a learning outcome (e.g., learner reaction, knowledge, skills, behavior, health care delivery) among physicians-in-training (medical students, residents, fellows). Extraction elements were summarized using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis of design, implementation, and outcomes. RESULTS Twenty studies met inclusion criteria, including 7 randomized trials. All studies involved resident physicians, and 11 also involved medical students. The design and implementation of bedside rounds varied widely, with most studies (n = 13) involving cointerventions (e.g., staff education, real-time order entry).Of the 15 studies that reported learner satisfaction, 7 favored bedside rounds, 4 favored the control, and 4 were equivocal. Of the 4 studies reporting an outcome of learners' knowledge and skills, 2 favored bedside rounds and 2 were equivocal. Of the 8 studies that reported on learner behavior (e.g., bedside communication with patients), 5 favored bedside rounds, 1 favored the control, and 2 were equivocal. Finally, of the 14 studies that reported a health care delivery outcome (e.g., teamwork, rounding time), 8 favored bedside rounds and 6 were equivocal. Due to the high risk of bias and unexplained heterogeneity across studies, the overall strength of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS In hospital-based settings, learners' satisfaction with bedside rounds is mixed. However, bedside rounds appear to have a positive effect on learner behavior and health care delivery. Given their potential value, additional research is needed to identify barriers to and facilitators of educationally successful bedside rounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Ratelle
- J.T. Ratelle is assistant professor of medicine, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-283X
| | - Caitlyn N. Gallagher
- C.N. Gallagher is a second-year resident, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-4019
| | - Adam P. Sawatsky
- A.P. Sawatsky is associate professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-7984
| | - Deanne T. Kashiwagi
- D.T. Kashiwagi is associate professor of medicine, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Will M. Schouten
- W.M. Schouten is assistant professor of medicine, Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-3615
| | - Jed D. Gonzalo
- J.D. Gonzalo is professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-283X
| | - Thomas J. Beckman
- T.J. Beckman is professor of medicine and medical education, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-3936
| | - Colin P. West
- C.P. West is professor of medicine, medical education, and biostatistics, Divisions of General Internal Medicine, and Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-5023
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Tago M, Shikino K, Hirata R, Watari T, Yamashita S, Tokushima Y, Tokushima M, Aihara H, Katsuki NE, Fujiwara M, Yamashita SI. General Medicine Departments of Japanese Universities Contribute to Medical Education in Clinical Settings: A Descriptive Questionnaire Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5785-5793. [PMID: 35774114 PMCID: PMC9236908 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tago
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Correspondence: Masaki Tago, Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan, Email
| | - Kiyoshi Shikino
- Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Risa Hirata
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Takashi Watari
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shun Yamashita
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Midori Tokushima
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Aihara
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko E Katsuki
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Motoshi Fujiwara
- Department of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
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Maggio LA, Haustein S, Costello JA, Driessen EW, Artino AR. Joining the meta-research movement: A bibliometric case study of the journal Perspectives on Medical Education. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 11:127-136. [PMID: 35727471 PMCID: PMC9210332 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-022-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a bibliometric case study of the journal Perspectives on Medical Education (PME) to provide insights into the journal's inner workings and to "take stock" of where PME is today, where it has been, and where it might go. METHODS Data, including bibliographic metadata, reviewer and author details, and downloads, were collected for manuscripts submitted to and published in PME from the journal's Editorial Manager and Web of Science. Gender of authors and reviewers was predicted using Genderize.io. To visualize and analyze collaboration patterns, citation relationships and term co-occurrence social network analyses (SNA) were conducted. VOSviewer was used to visualize the social network maps. RESULTS Between 2012-2019 PME received, on average, 260 manuscripts annually (range = 73-402). Submissions were received from authors in 81 countries with the majority in the United States (US), United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. PME published 518 manuscripts with authors based in 31 countries, the majority being in the Netherlands, US, and Canada. PME articles were downloaded 717,613 times (mean per document: 1388). In total 1201 (55% women) unique peer reviewers were invited and 649 (57% women) completed reviews; 1227 (49% women) unique authors published in PME. SNA revealed that PME authors were quite collaborative, with most authoring articles with others and only a minority (n = 57) acting as single authors. DISCUSSION This case study provides a glimpse into PME and offers evidence for PME's next steps. In the future, PME is committed to growing the journal thoughtfully; diversifying and educating editorial teams, authors, and reviewers, and liberating and sharing journal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Maggio
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stefanie Haustein
- School of Information Studies (ÉSIS) and Scholarly Communications Lab, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Anthony R Artino
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Kagawa MN, Kiguli S, Steinberg H, Jama MP. Perceptions of Lecturers, Administrators, and Students About the Workplace as Learning Environment for Undergraduate Medical Students at a National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Uganda. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:555-566. [PMID: 35651478 PMCID: PMC9150918 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s357003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The workplace is an important element of the learning ecosystem for medical students during their competence development. It offers engagement opportunities that enable students to participate in clinical activities as part of learning in their preparation for future clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of lecturers, administrators, and students of Makerere University College of Health Sciences about the workplace, at Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, as a learning environment for the undergraduate medical students with the ultimate aim of identifying opportunities and challenges to learner competence development in the learning environment for purposes of improvement. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional descriptive with a qualitative approach using key informant interviews for the lecturers and administrators and focus group discussions for the students. The framework method was used to perform thematic data analysis. RESULTS The workplace was perceived to be well endowed with adequate patient numbers, a suitable case mix and unrestricted access to patients which enhanced competence development. The challenges reported included inadequate resources, such as infrastructure, equipment and supplies and overcrowding, which compromised competence development. The resource challenge appeared insurmountable in the context of two autonomous institutions with divergent planning priorities in terms of teaching, research, and patient care. CONCLUSION There were mixed perceptions about the learning environment at the hospital with both enabling and challenging factors on the backdrop of two autonomous institutions with divergent planning priorities in terms of teaching, research, and patient care. In order to improve the workplace as a learning environment, it is imperative that the two institutions find common ground in terms of clinical care, students' teaching and provision of supplies that are essential not only for patient care but competence development of the learners who are the clinicians of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Nantamu Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Department of Paediatrics & Child health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannes Steinberg
- Department of Family Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Mpho Priscilla Jama
- Division Student Learning and Development, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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Mulindwa F, Andia I, McLaughlin K, Kabata P, Baluku J, Kalyesubula R, Kagimu M, Ocama P. A quality improvement project assessing a new mode of lecture delivery to improve postgraduate clinical exposure time in the Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University, Uganda. BMJ Open Qual 2022; 11:bmjoq-2020-001101. [PMID: 35577398 PMCID: PMC9114931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Masters in Internal Medicine at the Makerere University College of Health Sciences is based on a semester system with a blend of lectures and clinical work. The programme runs for 3 years with didactic lectures set mostly for mornings and clinical care thereafter. Anecdotal reports from attending physicians in the department highlighted clinical work time interruption by didactic lectures which was thought to limit postgraduate (PG) students' clinical work time. We set out to evaluate the clinical learning environment and explore avenues to optimise clinical exposure time. METHODS Baseline data in form of time logs documenting first-year PG activities was collected by intern doctors without the awareness of the PGs. In addition, a PG and attending physician survey on PG ward performance was carried out. These data informed a root cause analysis from which an intervention to change the mode of lecture delivery from daily lecturers across the semester to a set of block lectures was undertaken. Postimplementation time logs and survey data were compared with the pre-intervention data. RESULTS Post-intervention, during a period of 50 ward round observations, PGs missed 3/50 (6%) ward rounds as compared with 10/50 (20%) pre-intervention. PGs arrived on wards before attending physicians 18/24 (75%) times post-intervention and on average had 59 min to prepare for ward rounds as compared with 5/26 (19.2%) times and 30 min, respectively, pre-intervention. Both PGs and physicians believed PGs had enough time for patient care post-intervention (17/17 (100%) vs 4/17 (23.5%) and 7/8 (87.5%) vs 2/8 (25%)), respectively. CONCLUSION The baseline data collected confirmed the anecdotal reports and a change to a block week lecture system led to improvements in PGs' clinical work time and both resident and physician approvals of PG clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mulindwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Immunomodulation and Vaccines, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Pritch Kabata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Baluku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Majid Kagimu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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