Del Pozo Vegas C, Zalama-Sánchez D, Sanz-Garcia A, López-Izquierdo R, Sáez-Belloso S, Mazas Perez Oleaga C, Domínguez Azpíroz I, Elío Pascual I, Martín-Rodríguez F. Prehospital acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease in elderly: an observational, prospective, multicentre, ambulance-based cohort study.
BMJ Open 2023;
13:e078815. [PMID:
37996229 PMCID:
PMC10668192 DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078815]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to explore the association of demographic and prehospital parameters with short-term and long-term mortality in acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease by using a hazard model, focusing on elderly individuals, by comparing patients under 75 years versus patients over 75 years of age.
DESIGN
Prospective, multicentre, observational study.
SETTING
Emergency medical services (EMS) delivery study gathering data from two back-to-back studies between 1 October 2019 and 30 November 2021. Six advanced life support (ALS), 43 basic life support and five hospitals in Spain were considered.
PARTICIPANTS
Adult patients suffering from acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by the EMS.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause within the first to the 365 days following EMS attendance. The main measures included prehospital demographics, biochemical variables, prehospital ALS techniques used and syndromic suspected conditions.
RESULTS
A total of 1744 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 365-day cumulative mortality in the elderly amounted to 26.1% (229 cases) versus 11.6% (11.6%) in patients under 75 years old. Elderly patients (≥75 years) presented a twofold risk of mortality compared with patients ≤74 years. Life-threatening interventions (mechanical ventilation, cardioversion and defibrillation) were also related to a twofold increased risk of mortality. Importantly, patients suffering from acute heart failure presented a more than twofold increased risk of mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the prehospital variables associated with the long-term mortality of patients suffering from acute cardiovascular disease. Our results provide important insights for the development of specific codes or scores for cardiovascular diseases to facilitate the risk of mortality characterisation.
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