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Dahiya P, Kumari S, Behl M, Kashyap A, Kumari D, Thakur K, Devi M, Kumari N, Kaushik N, Walia A, Bhatt AK, Bhatia RK. Guardians of the Gut: Harnessing the Power of Probiotic Microbiota and Their Exopolysaccharides to Mitigate Heavy Metal Toxicity in Human for Better Health. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10281-9. [PMID: 38733461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a significant global health concern, posing risks to both the environment and human health. Exposure to heavy metals happens through various channels like contaminated water, food, air, and workplaces, resulting in severe health implications. Heavy metals also disrupt the gut's microbial balance, leading to dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in beneficial microorganisms and proliferation in harmful ones, ultimately exacerbating health problems. Probiotic microorganisms have demonstrated their ability to adsorb and sequester heavy metals, while their exopolysaccharides (EPS) exhibit chelating properties, aiding in mitigating heavy metal toxicity. These beneficial microorganisms aid in restoring gut integrity through processes like biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of heavy metals. Incorporating probiotic strains with high affinity for heavy metals into functional foods and supplements presents a practical approach to mitigating heavy metal toxicity while enhancing gut health. Utilizing probiotic microbiota and their exopolysaccharides to address heavy metal toxicity offers a novel method for improving human health through modulation of the gut microbiome. By combining probiotics and exopolysaccharides, a distinctive strategy emerges for mitigating heavy metal toxicity, highlighting promising avenues for therapeutic interventions and health improvements. Further exploration in this domain could lead to groundbreaking therapies and preventive measures, underscoring probiotic microbiota and exopolysaccharides as natural and environmentally friendly solutions to heavy metal toxicity. This, in turn, could enhance public health by safeguarding the gut from environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpak Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manya Behl
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aakash Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Kumari
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Walia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Frazer LC, Yamaguchi Y, Singh DK, Akopyants NS, Good M. DNA methylation in necrotizing enterocolitis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e16. [PMID: 38557638 PMCID: PMC11140546 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, are enzymatically regulated processes that directly impact gene expression patterns. In early life, they are central to developmental programming and have also been implicated in regulating inflammatory responses. Research into the role of epigenetics in neonatal health is limited, but there is a growing body of literature related to the role of DNA methylation patterns and diseases of prematurity, such as the intestinal disease necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC is a severe intestinal inflammatory disease, but the key factors that precede disease development remain to be determined. This knowledge gap has led to a failure to design effective targeted therapies and identify specific biomarkers of disease. Recent literature has identified altered DNA methylation patterns in the stool and intestinal tissue of neonates with NEC. These findings provide the foundation for a new avenue in NEC research. In this review, we will provide a general overview of DNA methylation and then specifically discuss the recent literature related to methylation patterns in neonates with NEC. We will also discuss how DNA methylation is used as a biomarker for other disease states and how, with further research, methylation patterns may serve as potential biomarkers for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yukihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia S. Akopyants
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Zhang JY, Greenwald MJ, Rodriguez SH. Gut Microbiome and Retinopathy of Prematurity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1683-1690. [PMID: 36780985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide, is strongly associated with gestational age and weight at birth. Yet, many extremely preterm infants never develop ROP or develop only mild ROP with spontaneous regression. In addition, a myriad of other factors play a role in the retinal pathology, one of which may include the early gut microbiome. The complications associated with early gestational age include dysbiosis of the dynamic neonatal gut microbiome, as evidenced by the development of often concomitant conditions, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Given this, alongside growing evidence for a gut-retina axis, there is an increasing interest in how the early intestinal environment may play a role in the pathophysiology of ROP. Potential mechanisms include dysregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1. Furthermore, the gut microbiome may be impacted by other known risk factors for ROP, such as intermittent hypoxia and sepsis treated with antibiotics. This mini-review summarizes the literature supporting these proposed avenues, establishing a foundation to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Zhang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark J Greenwald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarah H Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Parra-Llorca A, Pinilla-Gonzlez A, Torrejón-Rodríguez L, Lara-Cantón I, Kuligowski J, Collado MC, Gormaz M, Aguar M, Vento M, Serna E, Cernada M. Effects of Sepsis on Immune Response, Microbiome and Oxidative Metabolism in Preterm Infants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030602. [PMID: 36980160 PMCID: PMC10046958 DOI: 10.3390/children10030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This is a narrative review about the mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis in preterm infants, which is an illness with a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The role of the innate immune response and its relationship with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis are described as well as their potential implementation as early biomarkers. Moreover, we address the impact that all the mechanisms triggered by sepsis have on the dysbiosis and the changes on neonatal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parra-Llorca
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pinilla-Gonzlez
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Torrejón-Rodríguez
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lara-Cantón
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Aguar
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cernada
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Therapeutic Potential of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020561. [PMID: 36836917 PMCID: PMC9959300 DOI: 10.3390/life13020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the principle end-products produced by the anaerobic gut microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates (CHO) in the colon perform beneficial roles in metabolic health. Butyrate, acetate and propionate are the main SCFA metabolites, which maintain gut homeostasis and host immune responses, enhance gut barrier integrity and reduce gut inflammation via a range of epigenetic modifications in DNA/histone methylation underlying these effects. The infant gut microbiota composition is characterized by higher abundances of SCFA-producing bacteria. A large number of in vitro/vivo studies have demonstrated the therapeutic implications of SCFA-producing bacteria in infant inflammatory diseases, such as obesity and asthma, but the application of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute inflammatory necrosis of the distal small intestine/colon affecting premature newborns, is scarce. Indeed, the beneficial health effects attributed to SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in neonatal NEC are still to be understood. Thus, this literature review aims to summarize the available evidence on the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs in neonatal NEC using the PubMed/MEDLINE database.
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Socha-Banasiak A, Pawłowska M, Czkwianianc E, Pierzynowska K. From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life-The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Community and Gut Maturation in Early Life. Front Nutr 2022; 8:696966. [PMID: 34977104 PMCID: PMC8718557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.696966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of the digestive tube and formation of the gut unit as a whole, are regulated by environmental factors through epigenetic modifications which enhance cellular plasticity. The critical period of DNA imprinting lasts from conception until approximately the 1,000th day of human life. During pregnancy, besides agents that may directly promote epigenetic programming (e.g., folate, zinc, and choline supplementation), some factors (e.g., antibiotic use, dietary components) can affect the composition of the mother's microbiota, in turn affecting the fetal microbiome which interacts with the offspring's intestinal epithelial cells. According to available literature that confirms intrauterine microbial colonization, the impact of the microbiome and its metabolites on the genome seems to be key in fetal development, including functional gut maturation and the general health status of the offspring, as well as later on in life. Although the origin of the fetal microbiome is still not well-understood, the bacteria may originate from both the vagina, as the baby is born, as well as from the maternal oral cavity/gut, through the bloodstream. Moreover, the composition of the fetal gut microbiota varies depending on gestational age, which in turn possibly affects the regulation of the immune system at the barrier between mother and fetus, leading to differences in the ability of microorganisms to access and survive in the fetal environment. One of the most important local functions of the gut microbiota during the prenatal period is their exposure to foreign antigens which in turn contributes to immune system and tissue development, including fetal intestinal Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs). Additional factors that determine further infant microbiome development include whether the infant is born premature or at term, the method of delivery, maternal antibiotic use, and the composition of the mother's milk, among others. However, the latest findings highlight the fact that a more diverse infant gut microbiome at birth facilitates the proliferation of stem cells by microbial metabolites and accelerates infant development. This phenomenon confirms the unique role of microbiome. This review emphasizes the crucial perinatal and postnatal factors that may influence fetal and neonatal microbiota, and in turn gut maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Socha-Banasiak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malwina Pawłowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Czkwianianc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Jablonna, Poland
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7
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Abstract
Chorioamnionitis or intrauterine inflammation is a frequent cause of preterm birth. Chorioamnionitis can affect almost every organ of the developing fetus. Multiple microbes have been implicated to cause chorioamnionitis, but "sterile" inflammation appears to be more common. Eradication of microorganisms has not been shown to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with chorioamnionitis as inflammatory mediators account for continued fetal and maternal injury. Mounting evidence now supports the concept that the ensuing neonatal immune dysfunction reflects the effects of inflammation on immune programming during critical developmental windows, leading to chronic inflammatory disorders as well as vulnerability to infection after birth. A better understanding of microbiome alterations and inflammatory dysregulation may help develop better treatment strategies for infants born to mothers with chorioamnionitis.
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Romano-Keeler J, Sun J. The First 1000 Days: Assembly of the Neonatal Microbiome and Its Impact on Health Outcomes. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2022; 1:219-226. [PMID: 36237439 PMCID: PMC9555117 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life microbial colonization is critical for the development of the immune system, postnatal growth, and long-term health and disease. The dynamic and nascent microbiomes of children are highly individualized and are characterized by low bacterial diversity. Any disruptions in microbial colonization can contribute to shifts in normal microbial colonization that persist past the first 1000 days of life and result in intestinal dysbiosis. Here, we focus on microbiome-host interactions during fetal, newborn, and infant microbiome development. We summarize the roles of bacterial communities in fetal development and adverse health outcomes due to dysbiosis. We also discuss how internal and external factors program the microbiome's metabolic machinery as it evolves into an adult-like microbiome. Finally, we discuss the limits of current studies and future directions. Studies on the early-life microbiome will be critical for a better understanding of childhood health and diseases, as well as restorative methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Romano-Keeler
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Zhang J, Chen G, Liang S, Liu J, Zhang J, Shen H, Chen Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5 exposure exaggerates the risk of adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing hyperlipidemia: Modulation role of adipokines and lipidome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147604. [PMID: 33992945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The in-utero environmental exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) might lead to adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), thereby increasing susceptibility to diseases in later life. However, no studies have examined the underlying mechanism through cross-omics of lipidome and adipokines profiling, as well as the possible effect modification by maternal hyperlipidemia. In total, 203 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in the birth cohort study ongoing since February 2017 in Beijing, China. Individual-level of PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a satellite data based random forest model. Cord blood lipidome and adipokines were assessed through the lipidomic approaches and antibody-based array. Multivariable logistic/linear regression models and moderation analysis were employed in this study. We observed a significantly increased risk of PTB associated with PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester, especially in pregnant women with pre-existing hyperlipidemia. 9 lipid classes and 21 adipokines were associated with PM2.5 exposure independently or significantly influenced by the interaction of maternal PM2.5 exposure and hyperlipidemia. In addition, 4 adipokines (ANGPTL4, IGFBP-2, IL-12p40, and TNF-RII) and 3 lipid classes [phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), and triglycerides (TGs)] were related to the increased risk of PTB, indicating that inflammation, IGF/IGFBP axis, and lipolysis induced lipid homeostasis disorder of PCs, TGs, and PIs might be the possible mediators for the PM2.5-induced adverse birth outcomes. Our results substantiated the need for reducing exposure in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Influence of Dietary Components and Traditional Chinese Medicine on Hypertension: A Potential Role for Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5563073. [PMID: 33986817 PMCID: PMC8079198 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an important worldwide public health issue affecting human health. The pathogenesis of HTN involves complex factors such as genetics, external environment, diet, and the gut microbial dysbiosis. The gut microbiota, as a medium of diet and drug metabolism, is closely correlated to host's health and disease (including HTN). Literatures were randomly collected from various databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). In this review, we elucidate the relationship between HTN and gut microbiota, as well as concerning the effects of different dietary components, diet-derived microbial metabolites, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on intestinal flora. These studies have shown that diet and TCM can regulate and balance the intestinal flora, which are inclined to increasing the abundance of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides and reducing the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, monitoring the dynamic change of gut microflora may indicate patient prognosis and personalized response to treatment. This review aims to provide novel perspectives and potential personalized interventions for future HTN management from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Khanam R, Kumar I, Oladapo-Shittu O, Twose C, Islam ASMDA, Biswal SS, Raqib R, Baqui AH. Prenatal Environmental Metal Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020573. [PMID: 33445519 PMCID: PMC7827269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal exposures to them are considered important in the etiology of PTB. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of prenatal exposures to four metals/metalloids (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) and their association with PTB. We reviewed original research studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, POPLINE and the WHO regional indexes from 2000 to 2019; 36 articles were retained for full text review. We documented a higher incidence of PTB with lead and cadmium exposures. The findings for mercury and arsenic exposures were inconclusive. Metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta, epigenetic modification, inflammation, and endocrine disruptions are the most common pathways through which heavy metals and metalloids affect placental functions leading to PTB. Most of the studies were from the high-income countries, reflecting the need for additional data from low-middle-income countries, where PTB rates are higher and prenatal exposure to metals are likely to be just as high, if not higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheda Khanam
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
| | - Ishaan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Opeyemi Oladapo-Shittu
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
| | - Claire Twose
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Shyam S. Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah H. Baqui
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.K.); (O.O.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-955-3850
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12
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Nair J, Maheshwari A. Epigenetics in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:172-184. [PMID: 33882811 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317666210421110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations in our genetic material can lead to heritable changes in the risk, clinical manifestations, course, and outcomes of many diseases. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms can help in identifying potential therapeutic targets. This is especially important in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), where prenatal as well as postnatal factors impact susceptibility to this devastating condition, but our therapeutic options are limited. Developmental factors affecting intestinal structure and function, our immune system, gut microbiome, and postnatal enteral nutrition are all thought to play a prominent role in this disease. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in NEC. These include key developmental changes in DNA methylation in the immature intestine, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in maintaining intestinal barrier function, epigenetic influences of prenatal inflammation on immunological pathways in NEC pathogenesis such as Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and epigenetic changes associated with enteral feeding causing upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes. We have assimilated research findings from our own laboratory with an extensive review of the literature utilizing key terms in multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States
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13
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Meconium microbiome and its relation to neonatal growth and head circumference catch-up in preterm infants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238632. [PMID: 32956415 PMCID: PMC7505439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was identify an association between meconium microbiome, extra-uterine growth restriction, and head circumference catch-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study with preterm infants born <33 weeks gestational age (GA), admitted at Neonatal Unit and attending the Follow-Up Preterm Program of a tertiary hospital. Excluded out born infants; presence of congenital malformations or genetic syndromes; congenital infections; HIV-positive mothers; and newborns whose parents or legal guardians did not authorize participation. Approved by the institution's ethics committee. Conducted 16S rRNA sequencing using PGM Ion Torrent meconium samples for microbiota analysis. RESULTS Included 63 newborns, GA 30±2.3 weeks, mean weight 1375.80±462.6 grams, 68.3% adequate weight for GA at birth. Polynucleobacter (p = 0.0163), Gp1 (p = 0.018), and Prevotella (p = 0.038) appeared in greater abundance in meconium of preterm infants with adequate birth weight for GA. Thirty (47.6%) children reached head circumference catch-up before 6 months CA and 33 (52.4%) after 6 months CA. Salmonella (p<0.001), Flavobacterium (p = 0.026), and Burkholderia (p = 0.026) were found to be more abundant in meconium in the group of newborns who achieved catch-up prior to 6th month CA. CONCLUSION Meconium microbiome abundance was related to adequacy of weight for GA. Meconium microbiome differs between children who achieve head circumference catch-up by the 6th month of corrected age or after this period.
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14
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Gao C, Ehsan L, Jones M, Khan M, Middleton J, Vergales B, Perks P, Syed S. Time to regain birth weight predicts neonatal growth velocity: A single-center experience. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 38:165-171. [PMID: 32690152 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to Thrive (FTT) describes the development of an inappropriate pattern of growth, generally secondary to inadequate nutritional intake, and is associated with several negative outcomes. We describe key features among neonates with FTT as well as the variables that predicted their growth after birth at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS A retrospective single center study of 340 patients grouped into FTT (n = 100) and non-FTT (n = 240) was conducted. FTT was defined as having a weight <10th percentile on the Fenton 2013 curve at the time of discharge. For analyzing growth velocity, 204 patients were grouped into 4 quartiles based on their calculated growth velocity (grams/kilograms/day [g/kg/day]; 4th quartile had the highest velocity). Multivariate regression models were used to identify predictors of growth velocity. RESULTS When comparing FTT vs. non-FTT patients, lower birth weights (1897.9 ± 561.4 vs. 2445.9 ± 783.0 g, t(255.1) = -7.2, p < 0.001) and higher growth velocities (9.2 ± 3.9 vs. 8.0 ± 4.1 g/kg/day, t(153.6) = 2.2, p = 0.03) were noted. Among patients with higher growth velocities, birth weights were lower (1st to 4th quartiles: 2474.0 ± 677.0, 2000.0 ± 297.0, 1715.0 ± 285.0, 1533.0 ± 332.0 g, F(3, 200) = 46.5, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.4). Days to regain birth weight was the most consistent predictor of growth velocity in our overall patient sample (β [SE] = -0.3 [0.03], p < 0.001) and in the lowest growth velocity quartile subgroup (β [SE] = -0.3 [0.04], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Days to regain birth weight was consistently the strongest predictor of neonatal growth velocity along with difference in gender positive predicting growth velocity in the total sample. This highlights the importance of the first week of life in growth pattern establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Gao
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lubaina Ehsan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marieke Jones
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Marium Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy Middleton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brooke Vergales
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patti Perks
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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15
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Jayasinghe TN, Vatanen T, Chiavaroli V, Jayan S, McKenzie EJ, Adriaenssens E, Derraik JGB, Ekblad C, Schierding W, Battin MR, Thorstensen EB, Cameron-Smith D, Forbes-Blom E, Hofman PL, Roy NC, Tannock GW, Vickers MH, Cutfield WS, O'Sullivan JM. Differences in Compositions of Gut Bacterial Populations and Bacteriophages in 5-11 Year-Olds Born Preterm Compared to Full Term. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:276. [PMID: 32612960 PMCID: PMC7309444 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are exposed to major perinatal, post-natal, and early infancy events that could impact on the gut microbiome. These events include infection, steroid and antibiotic exposure, parenteral nutrition, necrotizing enterocolitis, and stress. Studies have shown that there are differences in the gut microbiome during the early months of life in preterm infants. We hypothesized that differences in the gut microbial composition and metabolites in children born very preterm persist into mid-childhood. Participants were healthy prepubertal children aged 5-11 years who were born very preterm (≤32 weeks of gestation; n = 51) or at term (37-41 weeks; n = 50). We recorded the gestational age, birth weight, mode of feeding, mode of birth, age, sex, and the current height and weight of our cohort. We performed a multi'omics [i.e., 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, SPME-GCMS (solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry)] analysis to investigate the structure and function of the fecal microbiome (as a proxy of the gut microbiota) in our cross-sectional cohort. Children born very preterm were younger (7.8 vs. 8.3 years; p = 0.034), shorter [height-standard deviation score (SDS) 0.31 vs. 0.92; p = 0.0006) and leaner [BMI (body mass index) SDS -0.20 vs. 0.29; p < 0.0001] than the term group. Children born very preterm had higher fecal calprotectin levels, decreased fecal phage richness, lower plasma arginine, lower fecal branched-chain amino acids and higher fecal volatile (i.e., 3-methyl-butanoic acid, butyrolactone, butanoic acid and pentanoic acid) profiles. The bacterial microbiomes did not differ between preterm and term groups. We speculate that the observed very preterm-specific changes were established in early infancy and may impact on the capacity of the very preterm children to respond to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Sachin Jayan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - José G. B. Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start—National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron Ekblad
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gerald W. Tannock
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Chen Y, Brook TC, Soe CZ, O'Neill I, Alcon-Giner C, Leelastwattanagul O, Phillips S, Caim S, Clarke P, Hall LJ, Hoyles L. Preterm infants harbour diverse Klebsiella populations, including atypical species that encode and produce an array of antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated factors. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000377. [PMID: 32436839 PMCID: PMC7371107 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are frequently enriched in the gut microbiota of preterm neonates, and overgrowth is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), nosocomial infections and late-onset sepsis. Little is known about the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of preterm-associated Klebsiella, as previous studies have focused on the recovery of antimicrobial-resistant isolates or culture-independent molecular analyses. The aim of this study was to better characterize preterm-associated Klebsiella populations using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Faecal samples from a UK cohort of healthy and sick preterm neonates (n=109) were screened on MacConkey agar to isolate lactose-positive Enterobacteriaceae. Whole-genome sequences were generated for Klebsiella spp., and virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes identified. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling and in vitro macrophage and iron assays were undertaken for the Klebsiella strains. Metapangenome analyses with a manually curated genome dataset were undertaken to examine the diversity of Klebsiella oxytoca and related bacteria in a publicly available shotgun metagenome dataset. Approximately one-tenth of faecal samples harboured Klebsiella spp. (Klebsiella pneumoniae, 7.3 %; Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, 0.9 %; Klebsiella grimontii, 2.8 %; Klebsiella michiganensis, 1.8 %). Isolates recovered from NEC- and sepsis-affected infants and those showing no signs of clinical infection (i.e. 'healthy') encoded multiple β-lactamases. No difference was observed between isolates recovered from healthy and sick infants with respect to in vitro siderophore production (all encoded enterobactin in their genomes). All K. pneumoniae, K. quasipneumoniae, K. grimontii and K. michiganensis faecal isolates tested were able to reside and persist in macrophages, indicating their immune evasion abilities. Metapangenome analyses of published metagenomic data confirmed our findings regarding the presence of K. michiganensis in the preterm gut. There is little difference in the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of Klebsiella isolates recovered from healthy and sick infants. Identification of β-lactamases in all isolates may prove problematic when defining treatment regimens for NEC or sepsis, and suggests that healthy preterm infants contribute to the resistome. Refined analyses with curated sequence databases are required when studying closely related species present in metagenomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas C. Brook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Cho Zin Soe
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian O'Neill
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cristina Alcon-Giner
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Onnicha Leelastwattanagul
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian Campus), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul Clarke
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Tang Y, Ji H, Liu H, Liu J, Gu W, Peng T, Li X. Pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced microRNA-212-3p expression promotes myocyte contraction via methyl-CpG-binding protein 2: a novel mechanism for infection-related preterm parturition. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:274-282. [PMID: 30892651 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm labour is a common pregnancy complication contributing to major maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We have found microRNA (miR)-212-3p, a potential infection-associated molecule, was significantly over-expressed during human preterm labour. However, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we have adopted a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Institute of Cancer Research murine preterm model to examine the role of miR-212-3p in the infection-induced preterm labour. Myometrial miR-212-3p expression was increased by nearly 4-fold in the term labour group (P = 0.10) and 12-fold (P = 0.03) in the LPS-induced preterm labour group compared with the non-labour group. In vitro cellular experiments confirmed that a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)1B (P = 0.02) and IL-6 (P = 0.01), rather than LPS (P = 0.08) itself could significantly upregulate miR-212-3p expression in human myometrial smooth muscle cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), as a target gene of miR-212-3p confirmed by our dual luciferase assay, influenced myocyte contractility and connexin 43 expression which is an important contraction-associated protein. Therefore, we conclude that miR-212-3p may be involved in infection-induced preterm labour through MeCP2 and it is a promoting molecule and novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of preterm labour in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Huang Pu District, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and the Key Specialty Project of the Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vandenplas Y, Carnielli VP, Ksiazyk J, Luna MS, Migacheva N, Mosselmans JM, Picaud JC, Possner M, Singhal A, Wabitsch M. Factors affecting early-life intestinal microbiota development. Nutrition 2020; 78:110812. [PMID: 32464473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life intestinal microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its development before, at, and after birth. A literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases. A growing body of evidence indicates that the intrauterine environment is not sterile as once presumed, but that maternal-fetal transmission of microbiota occurs during pregnancy. The consecutive order of bacteria with which the gastrointestinal tract is colonized will influence the outcome of community assembly and the ecological success of individual colonizers. The genetic background of the infant may also strongly influence microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition and development of infant gut microbiota can be influenced by many prenatal factors, such as maternal diet, obesity, smoking status, and use of antibiotic agents during pregnancy. Mode of delivery is generally accepted as a major factor determining the initial colonization. Breast milk stimulates the most balanced microbiome development for the infant, mainly because of its high content of unique oligosaccharides. Feeding is another important factor to determine intestinal colonization. Compared with breastfed infants, formula-fed infants have an increased richness of species. Initial clinical studies show that infant formulas supplemented with specific human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) -2´-fucosyllactose alone or in combination with lacto-n-neotetraose are structurally identical to those in breast milk. HMOs increase the proportion of infants with a high bifidobacterial-dominated gut microbiota typical of that observed in breastfed infants, lead to plasma immune marker profiles similar to those of breast-fed infants and to lower morbidity and antibiotics use. Further clinical studies with the same, others or more HMOs are needed to confirm these clinical effects. A growing number of studies have reported on how the composition and development of the microbiota during early life will affect risk factors related to health up to and during adulthood. If exclusive breastfeeding is not possible, the composition of infant formula should be adapted to stimulate the development of a bifidobacterial-dominated gut microbiota typical of that observed in breastfed infants. The main components in breast milk that stimulate the growth of specific bifidobacteria are HMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V P Carnielli
- Neonatal Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - J Ksiazyk
- The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Sanchez Luna
- Neonatology Division, Complutense University. Research Institute University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Migacheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - J C Picaud
- Neonatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon and CarMen Unit, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - M Possner
- Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Singhal
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Great Ormond Street, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Wabitsch
- Ulm University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Centre for Hormonal Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Ulm, Germany
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19
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Li J, Xiao H, Luo H, Tan Y, Ni Q, He C, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. GR/HDAC2/TGFβR1 pathway contributes to prenatal caffeine induced-osteoarthritis susceptibility in male adult offspring rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111279. [PMID: 32199975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) induces developmental toxicity of multi-organ and susceptibility to multi-disease in offspring. However, the effects of PCE on osteoarthritis susceptibility in adult offspring and its intrauterine programming mechanism remain to be further investigated. Here, we found that PCE induced susceptibility to osteoarthritis in male adult offspring rats, which was related to the inhibited function of cartilage matrix synthesis from fetuses to adults. Meanwhile, PCE consistently downregulated the H3K9ac and expression levels of transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFβR1), and then blocked TGFβ signaling pathway, which contributed to the suppressed cartilage matrix synthesis. Moreover, the high level of corticosterone caused by PCE reduced the H3K9ac level on TGFβR1 promoter region through acting on glucocorticoids receptor (GR) and recruiting histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) into the nucleus of fetal chondrocytes. Taken together, PCE induced osteoarthritis susceptibility in male adult offspring rats, which was attributed to the low-functional programming of TGFβR1 induced by corticosterone via GR/HDAC2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qubo Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | | | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Pessolano LG, Kramer CD, Simas A, Weinberg EO, Genco CA, Schreiber BM. Periodontal Disease and Birth Outcomes: Are We Missing Something? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-020-00255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Schoeps DO, Holzer S, Suano-Souza FI, Hix S, Fonseca FLA, Sarni ROS. Myeloperoxidase as cardiovascular risk marker in pre-pubertal preterm children? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:1345-1352. [PMID: 31653520 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk in pre-pubertal preterm children with a birth weight of less than 1,500 g and relate them to current nutritional status, insulin resistance, and inflammation. METHODS & RESULTS This is a cross-sectional, controlled study with pre-pubertal preterm children aged 5-9 years with a birth weight of less than 1500 g (Preterm group, n = 44) compared to full term children of adequate weight for gestational age (Control group, n = 30). Clinical evaluation: anthropometry and pubertal staging. Laboratory tests: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, paraoxonase 1, apolipoproteins A-I and B, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycemia and insulin (to calculate HOMA-IR). In the preterm group, 19 (43.2%) were male, with mean birth weight and gestational age of 1157 ± 242 g and 30.0 ± 2.3 weeks, respectively. The preterm group showed lower concentrations of HDL-c (60.1 ± 10.1 vs. 69.0 ± 10.0 mg/dL; p < 0.001); higher concentrations of hs-CRP [0.55 mg/dL (0.30; 39.4) vs. 0.30 mg/dL (0.30; 10.80); p = 0.043], of MPO [21.1 ng/mL (5.7; 120.0) vs. 8.1 ng/mL (2.6; 29.6); p < 0.001] and of MPO/HDL-c ratio [0.39 (0.09; 2.07) ng/mg vs. 0.11 (0.05; 0.58)]. The MPO/HDL-c ratio was the variable that showed the best discriminatory power between the groups (AUC = 0.878; 95% CI; 0.795-0.961). MPO concentrations in the preterm group were correlated with those of hs-CRP (r = 0.390; p = 0.009), insulin (r = 0.448; p = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.462; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Prepubertal preterm children show high MPO concentrations and MPO/HDL-c ratio that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which, in turn, may be associated with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise O Schoeps
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Simone Holzer
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Fabiola I Suano-Souza
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil; Pediatric Department, Federal University of São Paulo - São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Hix
- ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
| | | | - Roseli O S Sarni
- Pediatric Department, ABC University Health Center/ABC Faculty of Medicine, Brazil
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22
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Mian MOR, He Y, Bertagnolli M, Mai-Vo TA, Fernandes RO, Boudreau F, Cloutier A, Luu TM, Nuyt AM. TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) 4 Antagonism Prevents Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction Caused by Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure in Rats. Hypertension 2019; 74:843-853. [PMID: 31476902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with proinflammatory conditions and alterations in adult cardiac shape and function. Neonatal exposure to high oxygen, a rat model of prematurity-related conditions, leads to cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and dysfunction. TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 signaling is a critical link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The current study sought to investigate the role of TLR4 signaling in neonatal oxygen-induced cardiomyopathy. Male Sprague-Dawley pups were kept in 80% oxygen or room air from day 3 to 10 of life and treated with TLR4 antagonist lipopolysaccharide from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides(LPS-RS) or saline. Echocardiography was performed at 4, 7, and 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, intraarterial blood pressure was measured before euthanization for histological and biochemical analyses. At day 10, cardiac TLR4, Il (interleukin) 18, and Il1β expression were increased in oxygen-exposed compared with room air controls. At 4 weeks, compared with room air-saline, saline-, but not LPS-RS treated-, oxygen-exposed animals, exhibited increased left ventricle mass index, reduced ejection fraction, and cardiac output index. Findings were similar at 7 and 12 weeks. LPS-RS did not influence echocardiography in 12 weeks room air animals. Systolic blood pressure was higher in saline- but not LPS-RS treated-oxygen-exposed animals compared with room air-saline and -LPS-RS controls. LPS-RS prevented cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, the increased TLR4, Myd88, and Il18 gene expression, TRIF expression, and CD68+ macrophages infiltration associated with neonatal oxygen exposure, without impact in room air rats. This study indicates that neonatal exposure to high oxygen programs TLR4 activation, which contributes to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Oneeb Rehman Mian
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying He
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy-An Mai-Vo
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael Oliveira Fernandes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fauve Boudreau
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anik Cloutier
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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23
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Kuban KCK, Jara H, O'Shea TM, Heeren T, Joseph RM, Fichorova RN, Alshamrani K, Aakil A, Beaulieu F, Horn M, Douglass LM, Frazier JA, Hirtz D, Rollins JV, Cochran D, Paneth N. Association of Circulating Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Extremely Preterm Born Children with Subsequent Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes and Cognitive Function at Age 10 Years. J Pediatr 2019; 210:81-90.e3. [PMID: 31076229 PMCID: PMC7137312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine elevated neonatal inflammatory and neurotrophic proteins from children born extremely preterm in relation to later childhood brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging volumes and cognition. STUDY DESIGN We measured circulating inflammation-related proteins and neurotrophic proteins on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14 in 166 children at 10 years of age (73 males; 93 females). Top quartile levels on ≥2 days for ≥3 inflammation-related proteins and for ≥4 neurotrophic proteins defined exposure. We examined associations among protein levels, brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging volumes, and cognition with multiple linear and logistic regressions. RESULTS Analyses were adjusted for gestational age at birth and sex. Children with ≥3 elevated inflammation-related proteins had smaller grey matter, brain stem/cerebellar, and total brain volumes than those without elevated inflammation-related proteins, adjusted for neurotrophic proteins. When adjusted for inflammation-related proteins, children with ≥4 neurotrophic proteins, compared with children with no neurotrophic proteins, had larger grey matter and total brain volumes. Higher grey matter, white matter, and cerebellum and brainstem volumes were significantly correlated with higher IQ. Grey and white matter volumes were correlated with each other (r = -0.18; P = .021), and cerebellum and brainstem was highly correlated with grey matter (r = 0.55; P < .001) and white matter (r = 0.29; P < .001). Adjusting for other brain compartments, cerebellum and brainstem was associated with IQ (P = .016), but the association with white matter was marginally significant (P = .051). Grey matter was not associated with IQ. After adjusting for brain volumes, elevated inflammation-related proteins remained significantly associated with a lower IQ, and elevated neurotrophic proteins remained associated with a higher IQ. CONCLUSIONS Newborn inflammatory and neurotrophin protein levels are associated with later brain volumes and cognition, but their effects on cognition are not entirely explained by altered brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl C K Kuban
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Hernan Jara
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Khalid Alshamrani
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Aakil
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Forrest Beaulieu
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mitchell Horn
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie M Douglass
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, UMASS Medical School/University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA
| | - Deborah Hirtz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie Vanier Rollins
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David Cochran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Nigel Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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24
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Lamont RF. Spontaneous preterm labour that leads to preterm birth: An update and personal reflection. Placenta 2019; 79:21-29. [PMID: 30981438 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to provide an update of progress made over time (including personal reflection) of our attempts to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with spontaneous preterm labour that leads to preterm birth. METHODS An experienced and evidence based approach was taken to provide an overview of progress made over a generation (∼40 years) in our understanding of spontaneous preterm labour. RESULTS It is evident that we have made significant progress in our understanding of the aetiology, the measurement of the burden, the basic science, systems biology and mechanical pathways of the preterm parturition syndrome. We have better ways of predicting, preventing and managing spontaneous preterm labour than existed a generation ago. CONCLUSIONS The profile of spontaneous preterm labour that leads to preterm birth, thanks to organisations such as the March of Dimes, WHO and PREBIC is much more evident than before. However, while we have come a long way, we must not be complacent, and clinicians and basic scientists must continue to work in harmony, while recruiting and encouraging young investigators to join the effort to improve survival and handicap in what is one of the Great Obstetric Syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Lamont
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Division of Surgery, University College London, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Campus, London, UK.
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25
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Can Postbiotics Represent a New Strategy for NEC? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1125:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Yang Q, Ali M, El Andaloussi A, Al-Hendy A. The emerging spectrum of early life exposure-related inflammation and epigenetic therapy. CANCER STUDIES AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE : OPEN JOURNAL 2018; 4:13-23. [PMID: 30474062 PMCID: PMC6247815 DOI: 10.17140/csmmoj-4-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life exposure to a variety of insults during sensitive windows of development can reprogram normal physiological responses and alter disease susceptibility later in life. During this process, Inflammation triggered by a variety of adverse exposures plays an important role in the initiation and development of many types of diseases including tumorigenesis. This review article summaries the current knowledge about the role and mechanism of inflammation in development of diseases. In addition, epigenome alteration related to inflammation and treatment options using epigenetic modifiers are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain
Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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