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Jamal A, Brettle H, Jamil DA, Tran V, Diep H, Bobik A, van der Poel C, Vinh A, Drummond GR, Thomas CJ, Jelinic M, Al-Aubaidy HA. Reduced Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome following Twelve Weeks of Citrus Bioflavonoid Hesperidin Supplementation: A Dose-Response Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:637. [PMID: 38927040 PMCID: PMC11201492 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities affecting ~25% of adults and is linked to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of MetS. Hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, has demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on MetS are not fully established. We aimed to determine the optimal dose of hesperidin required to improve oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and glycemic control in a novel mouse model of MetS. Male 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat, high-salt, high-sugar diet (HFSS; 42% kcal fat content in food and drinking water with 0.9% saline and 10% high fructose corn syrup) for 16 weeks. After 6 weeks of HFSS, mice were randomly allocated to either the placebo group or low- (70 mg/kg/day), mid- (140 mg/kg/day), or high-dose (280 mg/kg/day) hesperidin supplementation for 12 weeks. The HFSS diet induced significant metabolic disturbances. HFSS + placebo mice gained almost twice the weight of control mice (p < 0.0001). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) increased by 40% (p < 0.0001), plasma insulin by 100% (p < 0.05), and HOMA-IR by 150% (p < 0.0004), indicating insulin resistance. Hesperidin supplementation reduced plasma insulin by 40% at 140 mg/kg/day (p < 0.0001) and 50% at 280 mg/kg/day (p < 0.005). HOMA-IR decreased by 45% at both doses (p < 0.0001). Plasma hesperidin levels significantly increased in all hesperidin groups (p < 0.0001). Oxidative stress, measured by 8-OHdG, was increased by 40% in HFSS diet mice (p < 0.001) and reduced by 20% with all hesperidin doses (p < 0.005). In conclusion, hesperidin supplementation reduced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in HFSS-fed mice, demonstrating its dose-dependent therapeutic potential in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsatar Jamal
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Holly Brettle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Dina A. Jamil
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
- NewMed Education Australia, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Henry Diep
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Alexander Bobik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Colleen J. Thomas
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
- Pre-Clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Hayder A. Al-Aubaidy
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), & Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology (MAPP), La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.J.); (H.B.); (D.A.J.); (V.T.); (H.D.); (A.B.); (C.v.d.P.); (A.V.); (G.R.D.); (C.J.T.)
- NewMed Education Australia, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
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Alnaser AR, Zitoun OA, Saquib J, Rajab TM, Khojah AAA, Almazrou A, Saquib N. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024; 78:677-685. [PMID: 38277320 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional drivers in Saudi Arabia may be at increased risk for mental illness because of their expatriate status, long driving hours, and unhealthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia, most of whom are expatriates. METHODS Professional drivers (n = 324) were interviewed after convenient sampling of transportation companies. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to screen for depressive symptoms. Correlates of depressive symptoms were identified using Cox regression with a fixed follow-up time. RESULTS Of the drivers, 20.4% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Sleep quality was found to be a significant independent correlate of depressive symptoms. Drivers with poor and fair sleep quality had higher risk of depressive symptoms than drivers with excellent sleep quality (poor: OR = 5.8, CI: 1.95-17.11; fair: OR = 4.5, CI: 1.68-11.96). CONCLUSION The frequency of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia is high (one out of five). Companies should consider screening for depressive symptoms and sleep disorders among employees and should provide referrals as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Raed Alnaser
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Zitoun
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik Mamoun Rajab
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Almazrou
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukayriah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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Ye BJ. Association between Shift Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A 4-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060802. [PMID: 36981459 PMCID: PMC10048347 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies on the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome have had inconsistent results. This may be due to the cross-sectional study design and non-objective data used in those studies. Hence, this study aimed to identify risk factors for Metabolic syndrome using objective information provided by the relevant companies and longitudinal data provided in health examinations. (2) Methods: In total, 1211 male workers of three manufacturing companies, including shift workers, were surveyed annually for 4 years. Data on age, smoking, drinking, physical activity, length of shift work, type of shift, past history, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglyceride, and high-density cholesterol (HDL) were collected and analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to identify the risk factors for Metabolic syndrome. (3) Results: In the multivariate analysis of Metabolic syndrome risk factors, age (OR = 1.078, 95% CI: 1.045–1.112), current smoking (OR = 1.428, 95% CI: 1.815–5.325), and BMI (OR = 1.498, 95% CI: 1.338–1.676) were statistically significant for day workers (n= 510). Additionally, for shift workers (N = 701), age (OR = 1.064, 95% CI: 1.008–1.174), current smoking (OR = 2.092, 95% CI: 1.854–8.439), BMI (OR = 1.471, 95% CI: 1.253–1.727) and length of shift work (OR = 1.115, 95% CI: 1.010-1.320) were statistically significant. Shift work was associated with a higher risk of Metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.137–2.233) compared to day workers. For shift workers, shift work for more than 20 years was associated with Metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.080, 95% CI: 1.911–9.103), but the dose–response relationship was not statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: This study revealed that age, current smoking, BMI, and shift work are potential risk factors for Metabolic syndrome. In particular, the length of shift work (>20 years) is a potential risk factor for Metabolic syndrome in shift workers. To prevent metabolic syndrome in shift workers, health managers need to actively accommodate shift workers (especially those who have worked for more than 20 years), current smokers, and obese people. A long-term cohort study based on objective data is needed to identify the chronic health impact and the risk factors of shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Jin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
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