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Sadouni F, Asgari HM, Amanipoor H, Heidari M, Mojiri-Forushani H. Integrative assessment of urban dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using ground and satellite data in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1052. [PMID: 37589823 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, for quick urbanization and industrialization, pollutants, especially urban dust, have posed many threats to the human environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are regarded as the main dangerous pollutants that are widespread, persistent, and carcinogenic. The present work aimed to investigate the contamination and sources of PAHs, as well as to assess the risk of cancer for 16 priority PAHs, in urban dust samples in Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Shiraz cities in Iran. We measured PAH concentrations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The average concentrations of the 16 PAHs in Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Shiraz were 6215.11, 7611.03, and 7810.37 μg kg-1, respectively. The domination of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs was observed in Ahvaz, while maximum contribution was observed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs in Esfahan and Shiraz. For PAHs' source identification, diagnostic ratio, correlation analysis, clustering, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used. PAHs had a combustion (coal and wood, oil, fossil fuels) and gasoline/diesel engine emissions in all cities. Comparative studies suggest that the PAH compounds' level is higher in the research area than in other countries, except for China and India. Also, the pollution of urban dust PAHs has increased over time compared to previous studies in the same cities. The cancer risk from exposure to dust contaminated with PAHs was assessed using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) model. According to the findings, a high risk of exposure to cancer was observed in Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Shiraz. However, compared to adults, children are at higher risk of cancer in their daily lives via dermal contact and unconscious ingestion. Based on the ILCR values, the risk of cancer is in the order of Shiraz > Isfahan > Ahvaz. To assess air pollutants and their effects on urban dust, TROPOMI onboard the Sentinel-5P data were used in the studied cities during 2018-2021. The results show that Ahvaz has different high levels of CO compared to the other 2 cities. Also, Isfahan has different high levels of NO2 compared to the other 2 cities, but Shiraz has different low levels of O3. According to satellite time series data, the trend of the Aerosol Absorbing Index (AAI) has been increasing, while there was a decreasing trend in AAI from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until 12 months later. Therefore, the natural and anthropogenic sources of urban dust PAHs have been increasing in all studied cities. Our findings show that PAH compounds in urban dust pose a significant threat to human health. Therefore, strategic management and planning are vital in reducing urban dust pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadouni
- Department of Environment, College of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Hossien Mohammad Asgari
- Department of Environment, College of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
| | - Hakimeh Amanipoor
- Department of Geology, College of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Majid Heidari
- Department of Geology, College of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
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Mohammed R, Zhang ZF, Hu YH, Jiang C, He ZQ, Wang WJ, Li YF. Temporal-spatial variation, source forensics of PAHs and their derivatives in sediment from Songhua River, Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4031-4043. [PMID: 34820731 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution patterns and health risk assessment of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), and regular 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment from the Songhua River in northeastern China were investigated in this research. During dry seasons, concentrations of 16 USEPA priority PAHs, OH-PAHs, and NPAHs were extremely high, with average values of 1220 ± 288, 317 ± 641, 2.54 ± 3.98, and 12.2 ± 22.1 ng/g (dry weight, dw). The dry period level was confirmed to be 4 times greater than the wet period concentration. Modeling with positive matrix factorization (PMF) and estimation of diagnostic isomeric ratios were applied for identifying sources, according to the positive matrix factorization model: vehicle emissions (38.1%), biomass burning (25%), petroleum source (23.4%), and diesel engines source (13.5%) in wet season as well as wood combustion (44.1%), vehicle source (40.2%), coke oven (10.8%), and biomass burning (4.9%) in the dry season. The greatest seasonal variability was attributed to high molecular weight compounds (HMW PAHs). BaP was confirmed to be 81% carcinogenic in this study, which offers convincing proof of the escalating health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Mohammed
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Polar Academy, Harbin, 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Polar Academy, Harbin, 150090, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ying-Hua Hu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang He
- Heilongjiang Pony Testing Technical Co.,Ltd, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Heilongjiang Pony Testing Technical Co.,Ltd, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Polar Academy, Harbin, 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
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Koljančić N, Samelak I, Balaban M, Špánik I. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in assessment of road run‐off sediment quality parameters. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Koljančić
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ivan Samelak
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica Balaban
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
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