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Denche-Zamorano Á, Pisà-Canyelles J, Barrios-Fernández S, Castillo-Paredes A, Pastor-Cisneros R, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Salas Gómez D, Mendoza Holgado C. Evaluation of the association of physical activity levels with self-perceived health, depression, and anxiety in Spanish individuals with high cholesterol levels: a retrospective cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17169. [PMID: 39026536 PMCID: PMC11257045 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is the most common form of dyslipidaemia in the world leading to negative health effects, both physical and mental. Physical activity (PA) can reduce total cholesterol and has positive effects on mental health. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyses the relationships between physical activity level (PAL), self-perceived health (SPH) and mental health. Methods This study was based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (SNHS 2017), with 3,176 Spanish adults with high cholesterol as participants. Non-parametric tests were used as the data did not follow normality. Results Dependent relationships were found between PAL and SPH, depression and anxiety. Women had higher depression and anxiety prevalences than men, while men were more likely to report being very active, although the proportion of walkers was higher in women. The physically inactive population presented higher negative SPH, depression and anxiety proportions and psychological distress than physically active people. Conclusion The physically inactive people had a higher risk of negative SPH, depression and anxiety. Regular PA may improve SPH and mental health in people with high cholesterol, but more studies are needed to establish causal relationships, mechanisms, and optimal doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jofre Pisà-Canyelles
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education Research Group (HEME), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernández
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Maria Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Evora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Diana Salas Gómez
- Escuelas Universitarias Gimbernat (EUG), Physiotherapy School Cantabria, Movement Analysis Laboratory, Universidad de Cantabria, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Cristina Mendoza Holgado
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Chen Y, Du J, Zhou N, Song Y, Wang W, Hong X. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and their determinants: results from a population-based survey of 60 283 residents in eastern China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075860. [PMID: 38128931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and its associated factors in eastern China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. PARTICIPANTS This study included 60 283 participants aged ≥18 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was defined as self-reported history of dyslipidaemia and/or the use of lipid-lowering medication, and/or meeting at least one of the following during on-site investigation: total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L, triglyceride ≥2.3 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.1 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L. Dyslipidaemia awareness was defined as the proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia who explicitly indicate their awareness of having a diagnosis of dyslipidaemia. Treatment was based on medication use among individuals with dyslipidaemia. Control was defined as having dyslipidaemia, receiving treatment and achieving serum lipid control to the standard level. ANALYSIS Complex weighting was used to calculate weighted prevalence. A two-level logistic regression model determined the influencing factors for dyslipidaemia prevalence, awareness, treatment and control. RESULTS The crude prevalence rate of dyslipidaemia was 28.4% (17 093 of 60 283). Among 17 093 patients with dyslipidaemia, the crude rates of awareness, treatment and control were 40.0% (n=6830), 27.5% (n=4695) and 21.9% (n=3736), respectively. The corresponding weighted prevalence rates were 29.8%, 41.6%, 28.9% and 22.9%. Older age (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.23), urban residence (1.24, 1.19 to 1.31), higher education level (1.31, 1.21 to 1.42), current smoking (1.22, 1.15 to 1.29), alcohol consumption (1.20, 1.14 to 1.26), obesity (2.13, 1.99 to 2.29), history of hypertension (1.64, 1.56 to 1.71) and diabetes (1.92, 1.80 to 2.04) were identified as independent risk factors for dyslipidaemia (all p<0.001). Participants who were older, female, living in urban areas, had higher education levels, did not smoke or drink alcohol, had central obesity, had hypertension or had diabetes were more likely to be aware of their dyslipidaemia conditions, receive treatment and achieve serum lipid control to a standard level than their comparators (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dyslipidaemia is relatively high in eastern China; however, awareness, treatment and control levels are relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Chen
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqian Song
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Fotouhi F, Shahidi A, Hashemi H, Saffarpour M, Yekta A, Esmaieli R, Esteki T, Derakhshan HB, Khabazkhoob M. Hypertension prevalence in Iran's elderly according to new criteria: the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1489-1498. [PMID: 37975137 PMCID: PMC10638178 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence of hypertension in a population above 60 years of age and its relationship with demographic and anthropometric factors. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2019. Using a multistage random cluster sampling, 160 clusters were selected from 22 districts of Tehran. All participants were interviewed to collect demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic information. Then, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured under standard conditions twice, 10 min apart. A third measurement was performed if the two measurements showed a difference of ≥ 10 mmHg in SBP or ≥ 5 mmHg in DBP. Hypertension was defined as a SBP > 130 mmHg or a DBP > 80 mmHg (new criteria), being a known case of hypertension, or use of blood pressure lowering medications. Results Of 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in the study (87.3%). The mean age of the participants was 68.25 ± 6.54 years (60-97 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 81.08% (95% CI: 79.57-82.59) in the whole sample; 82.96% (95% CI: 81.02-84.91) in females, and 79.15% (95% CI: 76.6 -81.69) in males. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 75.47% (95% CI: 72.65-78.29) in the age group 60-64 years to 88.40% (95% CI: 83.71-93.08) in the age group ≥ 80 years. The prevalence of hypertension unawareness was 32.84% (95% CI: 30.82-34.86). The highest and lowest prevalence of hypertension was seen in illiterate subjects (89.41%) and those with a university education (77.14%), respectively. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, lower education level, obesity and overweight, neck circumference, and diabetes were significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion A significant percentage of Iranian elderly have hypertension and one of every 3 affected individuals is unaware of their disease. Considering the population aging in Iran, urgent and special attention should be paid to the elderly population. Caring for the elderly, informing families, and using non-traditional screening methods are recommended by families at the first level and policymakers at the macro level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Fotouhi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Shahidi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saffarpour
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Esmaieli
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Esteki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bana Derakhshan
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ademosun A, Ojueromi O, Peace O, Oboh G. Cardiomodulatory and Antioxidative Potentials of Almond-Citrus Peel Fortified Shortbread in High Fat Diet/L-NAME-Induced Hyperlipidemic-Hypertensive Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:586-594. [PMID: 37594561 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In folk medicine, the almond nut (Terminalia catappa) and orange peel (Citrus sinensis) are cost-effective sources of nutraceutical utilized in the treatment of degenerative diseases. Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are two pathological conditions implicated in cardiovascular disorders. This study sought to evaluate the cardiomodulatory effect of almond-citrus peel fortified shortbread in hyperlipidemic-hypertensive rats induced by high fat diet and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. The experimental animals were divided into eight groups. The experimental rats were fed with shortbread supplemented with almond and citrus peel at varying inclusions of 0.2% citrus, 50% almond, and almond (50%)- citrus (0.2%) for 21 days. The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and lipid profile of the experimental rats were measured. Thereafter, the activities of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE), arginase, malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphodiesterase-5, nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant indices were evaluated. The result showed significant elevation in SBP, MABP, blood cholesterol, triglyceride, ACE, arginase, activities, and MDA levels in the heart tissue of the untreated rats. In contrast, the antioxidant status and NO level were significantly decreased in the untreated groups. Remarkably, the treatment with almond-citrus peel fortified shortbread and the individual effect of almond (50%) and citrus peel (0.2%) all reversed these trends in the hyperlipidemic-hypertensive rats. Intriguingly, the blend of almond (50%)-citrus peel (0.2%) fortified shortbread showed the best antioxidative and cardioprotective effect. The results suggest that almond and citrus peel offer potentials as therapeutic agent in the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayokunle Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Ojueromi
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olukorede Peace
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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5
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Chen BY, Lin WZ, Li YL, Bi C, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhou LJ, Liu T, Xu S, Shi CJ, Zhu H, Wang YL, Sun JY, Liu Y, Zhang WC, Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Zhu YQ, Duan SZ. Characteristics and Correlations of the Oral and Gut Fungal Microbiome with Hypertension. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0195622. [PMID: 36475759 PMCID: PMC9927468 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01956-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobiome is an essential constituent of the human microbiome and is associated with various diseases. However, the role of oral and gut fungi in hypertension (HTN) remains largely unexplored. In this study, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected from 36 participants with HTN and 24 healthy controls for metagenomic sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the Kraken2 taxonomic annotation pipeline to assess fungal composition and diversity. Correlations between oral and gut fungi and clinic parameters, between fungi within the same sample types, and between different sample types were identified by Spearman's correlation analysis. Overall, the subgingival fungal microbiome had substantially higher alpha diversity than the salivary and fecal fungal microbiomes. The fungal microbiomes of the three sample types displayed distinct beta diversity from each other. Oral fungi but not gut fungi in HTN had beta diversity significantly different from that of controls. Among the fungi shared in the oral cavity and gut, Exophiala was the genus with the most notable changes. Exophiala spinifera was the most abundant salivary species in HTN. Some fungal species directly correlated with blood pressure, including gut Exophiala xenobiotica and Exophiala mesophila. The markedly impaired ecological cocorrelation networks of oral and gut fungi in HTN suggested compromised association among fungal species. Most fungi were shared in the oral cavity and gut, and their correlations suggested the potential interplays between oral and gut fungi. In conclusion, the oral cavity and intestine have unique fungal ecological environments. The fungal enrichment and ecology in HTN, the correlations between oral and gut fungi, and the associations between oral and gut fungi and clinical parameters suggest an important role that the fungal microbiome may play in HTN. IMPORTANCE Our study fills the gap in human studies investigating the oral and gut fungal microbiota in association with blood pressure. It characterizes the diversity and composition of the oral and gut fungal microbiome in human subjects, elucidates the dysbiosis of fungal ecology in a hypertensive population, and establishes oral-gut fungal correlations and fungus-clinical parameter correlations. Targeting fungi in the oral cavity and/or gut may provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Lin
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Ji Shi
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Sun M, Wang L, Wang X, Tong L, Jin L, Li B. Trends and all-cause mortality associated with multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases among adults in the United States, 1999-2018: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023023. [PMID: 36822194 PMCID: PMC10586926 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has brought enormous challenges to public health, becoming a major medical burden. However, the patterns, temporal trends, and all-cause mortality associated with NCD multimorbidity over time have not been well described in the United States. METHODS All adult participants were sourced from nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In total, 55,081 participants were included in trend analysis, and 38,977 participants were included in Cox regression. RESULTS The 5 NCDs with the largest increases over the study period were diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, liver conditions, and cancer. The estimated prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, especially for middle-aged participants with 5 or more NCDs; in general, the prevalence of NCD multimorbidity was higher among females than males. Participants with 5 or more NCDs were at 4.49 times the risk of all-cause mortality of participants without any diseases. Significant interactions were found between multimorbidity and age group (p for interaction <0.001), race/ethnicity (p for interaction<0.001), and educational attainment (p for interaction=0.010). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of multiple NCDs significantly increased from 1999 to 2018. Those with 5 or more NCDs had the highest risk of all-cause mortality, especially among the young population. The data reported by this study could serve as a reference for additional NCD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Meng T, Wang P, Xie X, Li T, Kong L, Xu Y, Cao K, Gao Y, He Q, Lai X. Efficacy and safety of Songling Xuemaikang capsule for essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154459. [PMID: 36183476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. An increasing number of patients prefer to incorporate traditional Chinese medicine into their hypertensive care. The Songling Xuemaikang capsule (SXC), a Chinese herbal formula, is widely used in China for essential hypertension. PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of SXC for essential hypertension. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of seven databases to identify randomized controlled trials of SXC for hypertension. The outcome measures included blood pressure parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Potential heterogeneity between the studies was resolved by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The quality of the results was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. RESULTS A total of 34 trials with 4306 patients were included. The results showed that SXC plus antihypertensive drugs produced a greater effect on reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD: -7.54 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.92, -6.17; p < 0.00001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD: -6.42 mmHg; 95% CI: -7.54, -5.29; p < 0.00001), 24-hour SBP (MD: -6.88 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.36, -5.39; p < 0.00001), and 24-hour DBP (MD: -4.31 mmHg; 95% CI: -6.55, -2.07; p = 0.0002) and improving hypertensive symptoms (SMD: -1.09; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.84; p < 0.00001) than antihypertensive drugs alone. SXC monotherapy was less effective than antihypertensive drugs for 24-hour SBP reduction (MD: 2.07 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.19, 3.96; p = 0.03). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the SXC and control groups. CONCLUSION SXC is beneficial for essential hypertension; it can lower BP, improve hypertensive symptoms and is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Kegang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Xinxing Lai
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China; Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
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8
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Dyslipidemia may be a risk factor for progression in children with IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:3147-3156. [PMID: 35347403 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is often chronically progressive and commonly accompanied by dyslipidemia. However, the intrinsic relationship between dyslipidemia and IgAN remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of dyslipidemia on clinical and pathological characteristics in children with IgAN. METHODS In our retrospective cohort study from January 2006 to January 2021, 276 children with IgAN were ultimately included in the baseline analysis, and 169 were included in the follow-up analysis. The clinical and pathological features of different types of dyslipidemia and their effect on kidney prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS Children in the dyslipidemia group had more severe clinical characteristics (higher blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and 24-h proteinuria; higher proportion of hypertension; and lower serum albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate) and pathological changes (higher proportion of Lee grades IV-V and E1, S1, and C2 in MEST-C). Furthermore, the clinical and pathological characteristics were worse in the mixed hyperlipidemia group. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that hypertension, steroid treatment, lower serum albumin, severe proteinuria, and segmental glomerulosclerosis were independent risk factors for dyslipidemia in children with IgAN. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the probability of kidney survival in children with dyslipidemia was lower than that in those without dyslipidemia, with a median follow-up of 5.9 years. CONCLUSIONS Children with IgAN and dyslipidemia, especially mixed hyperlipidemia, are prone to more severe clinical and pathological changes. Our study provides further insight into dyslipidemia as a potential risk factor in children with IgAN. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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9
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Chaulin AM, Sergeev AK. The Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Emphasis on Clinical and Epidemiological Data, and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Cardiol Res 2022; 13:268-282. [PMID: 36405225 PMCID: PMC9635774 DOI: 10.14740/cr1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow to improve the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
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10
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Chen CH, Chen HA, Liao HT, Chou CT, Chen CH. Association of blood pressure and hypertension with radiographic damage among the patients with ankyloing spondylitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30811. [PMID: 36197227 PMCID: PMC9509145 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association of blood pressure and hypertension with disease severity among the patients with ankyloing spondylitis (AS). There were 167 AS patients enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured and the presence of hypertension was recorded. Patient's disease severity, including disease activity, functional ability, patient's global assessments, physical mobility and radiographic damage were evaluated. ESR and CRP levels were tested. We recorded patient's medication use of NSAIDs, DMARDs and TNF-α blockers. Smoking, exercise habit, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and obesity indices were assessed. Multivariate linear regression showed that systolic blood pressure was associated with TNF-α blocker [standard coefficient (β) = 0.194, P = .007], DMARDs (β = 0.142, P = .046), age (β = 0.211, P = .003), male gender (β = 0.242, P = .001) and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.245, P = .001). Diastolic blood pressure was associated with cervical rotation (β = -0.174, P = .037), lateral lumbar flexion (β = -0.178, P = .019), m-SASSS (β = 0.198, P = .038) and BMI (β = 0.248, P = .003). Notably, multivariate logistic regression showed that hypertension was associated with m-SASSS (OR = 1.033, P = .033), age (OR = 1.098, P = .0010) and BMI (OR = 1.210, P = .003). Using ROC cure analyses, age, BASMI, BASRI-Total, m-SASSS, waist circumference, BMI and waist-to-height ratio were useful in predicting hypertension, and m-SASSS is the best (AUC = 0.784, P < .001). Advanced radiographic damage is an independent risk factor of hypertension in AS, and m-SASSS is the most useful disease severity parameter in predicting the presence of hypertension. Advanced radiographic damage, poor cervical rotation, lateral lumbar flexion, older age, male gender, TNF-α blocker, DMARDs use and obesity are associated with increased blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiung Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hung Chen, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 231 No. 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian City, New Taipei City, Taiwan (e-mail: )
| | | | - Hsien-Tzung Liao
- National Yang-Ming University, and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- National Yang-Ming University, and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hung Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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11
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Sarzani R, Laureti G, Gezzi A, Spannella F, Giulietti F. Single-pill fixed-dose drug combinations to reduce blood pressure: the right pill for the right patient. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221102754. [PMID: 35769133 PMCID: PMC9235298 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective and sustained reduction in blood pressure is essential to reduce individual cardiovascular risk. In daily clinical practice, single-pill fixed-dose combinations of different drug classes are important therapeutic resources that could improve both treatment adherence and cardiovascular risk management by targeting distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this practical narrative review is to help physicians choosing the right single-pill fixed-dose combination for the right patient in the daily clinical practice, based on the individual clinical phenotype and cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS, INRCA, via della Montagnola 81, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Laureti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gezzi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Spannella
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Giulietti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, 'Hypertension Excellence Centre' of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS, INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Wu H, Yu Z, Huang Q. Characteristics of serum lipid levels in patients with hypertension: a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054682. [PMID: 36547874 PMCID: PMC9171285 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is different among patients with hypertension in different populations. The serum lipid profiles among Hakka patients with hypertension in southern China are still unclear. METHODS 35 448 patients with hypertension were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to October 2020, and their serum lipids were analysed. RESULTS Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (29.9%) accounted for the highest proportion in dyslipidaemia, followed by high triglyceride (TG) (20.7%), high total cholesterol (TC) (14.0%) and high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (7.9%) in all subjects. The largest proportion of dyslipidaemia types was independent low HDL-C (12.7%). The proportion of low HDL-C was 15.5% in non-elderly men, 6.4% in non-elderly women, 16.7% in elderly men and 8.5% in elderly women, respectively. The largest proportion of dyslipidaemia types was independent high TG in non-elderly female patients (13.7%) and elderly patients (8.9%). The results showed that higher LDL-C, TC and TG levels in non-elderly patients than elderly patients. TG, TC and LDL-C levels decreasing with the increasing age, the differences were statistically significant. The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in women were higher than in men among various age groups. Homocysteine level was increasing with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid levels varied in different groups according to age and sex in patients with hypertension. Dyslipidaemia is more common in non-elderly patients than elderly. TG, TC and LDL-C levels were higher in female patients than male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
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13
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Voronova IP, Khramova GM, Evtushenko AA, Kozyreva TV. Effect of Skin Ion Channel TRPM8 Activation by Cold and Menthol on Thermoregulation and the Expression of Genes of Thermosensitive TRP Ion Channels in the Hypothalamus of Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116088. [PMID: 35682765 PMCID: PMC9181123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ISIAH (inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension) rats are characterized by high blood pressure and decreased Trpm8 gene expression in the anterior hypothalamus. Thermosensitive ion channel TRPM8 plays a critical role in the transduction of moderately cold stimuli that give rise to cool sensations. In normotensive animals, the activation of skin TRPM8 is known to induce changes in gene expression in the hypothalamus and induce alterations of thermoregulatory responses. In this work, in hypertensive rats, we studied the effects of activation of the peripheral TRPM8 by cooling and by application of a 1% menthol suspension on (1) the maintenance of body temperature balance and (2) mRNA expression of thermosensitive TRP ion channels in the hypothalamus. In these hypertensive animals, (1) pharmacological activation of peripheral TRPM8 did not affect the thermoregulatory parameters either under thermoneutral conditions or during cold exposure; (2) the expression of Trpm8 in the anterior hypothalamus approximately doubled (to the level of normotensive animals) under the influence of (a) slow cooling and (b) at pharmacological activation of the peripheral TRPM8 ion channel. The latter fact seems the quite important because it allows the proposal of a tool for correcting at least some parameters that distinguish a hypertensive state from the normotensive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Voronova
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.M.K.); (A.A.E.); (T.V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-333-6380
| | - Galina M. Khramova
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.M.K.); (A.A.E.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Anna A. Evtushenko
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.M.K.); (A.A.E.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Tamara V. Kozyreva
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (G.M.K.); (A.A.E.); (T.V.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Valls RM, Companys J, Calderón-Pérez L, Salamanca P, Pla-Pagà L, Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Bueno A, Puzo J, Crescenti A, del Bas JM, Caimari A, Salamanca A, Espinel AE, Pedret A, Arola L, Solà R. Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustainedand Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:405. [PMID: 35276764 PMCID: PMC8838962 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of aged black garlic (ABG) has been related to improvements in several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, the extent of the beneficial effects depends on the garlic aging process and the amount and type of chemical compounds accumulated. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of daily intake of a well-characterized ABG extract with a standardized S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) yield in combination with dietary recommendations regarding CVD risk factors in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Sixty-seven hypercholesterolemic individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels ≥115 mg/dL were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, sustained, and controlled intervention study. The participants consumed 250 mg (1.25 mg SAC)/tablet/day ABG or a placebo for 6 weeks, with 3 weeks of washout. Blood and pulse pressure and other CVD risk biomarkers were determined at the beginning and end of each intervention. At 6 weeks, ABG extract reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean (95% CI) −5.85 (−10.5; −1.3) mm Hg) compared to the placebo, particularly in men with a DBP > 75 mm Hg. The consumption of an improved ABG extract with 1.25 mg of SAC decreased DBP, particularly in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. The potential beneficial effects of ABG may contribute to obtaining an optimal DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.M.V.); (P.S.); (B.A.S.-R.); (R.S.)
| | - Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Patricia Salamanca
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.M.V.); (P.S.); (B.A.S.-R.); (R.S.)
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Berner Andrée Sandoval-Ramírez
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.M.V.); (P.S.); (B.A.S.-R.); (R.S.)
| | - Antonio Bueno
- Lipid Unit, Clinical Analysis and Biochemistry Service, Hospital San Jorge de Huesca, 22004 Huesca, Spain; (A.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jose Puzo
- Lipid Unit, Clinical Analysis and Biochemistry Service, Hospital San Jorge de Huesca, 22004 Huesca, Spain; (A.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Aurora Salamanca
- Pharmactive Biotech Products, S.L., C/Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (A.E.E.)
| | - Alberto E. Espinel
- Pharmactive Biotech Products, S.L., C/Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (A.E.E.)
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.M.V.); (P.S.); (B.A.S.-R.); (R.S.)
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/de la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.C.); (L.C.-P.); (L.P.-P.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (R.M.V.); (P.S.); (B.A.S.-R.); (R.S.)
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Av/del Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
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15
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Chen MM, Huang X, Xu C, Song XH, Liu YM, Yao D, Lu H, Wang G, Zhang GL, Chen Z, Sun T, Yang C, Lei F, Qin JJ, Ji YX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Zhu L, Cai J, Wan F, She ZG, Li H. High Remnant Cholesterol Level Potentiates the Development of Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:830347. [PMID: 35222285 PMCID: PMC8863865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.830347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests an association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and vascular damage and hypertension. However, this association has not been explored in a large-scale population in China, and a temporal relationship between RC and hypertension also needs to be investigated. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in 2,199,366 individuals and a longitudinal study in 24,252 individuals with repeated measurements of lipid profile and blood pressure in at least a 3-year follow-up. The logistic model was used to explore the association between lipid components and hypertension in the cross-sectional analysis. The Cox model was used to analyze the association between high RC (HRC) at baseline and the subsequent incidence of hypertension or the association between hypertension at baseline and incidence of HRC. The cross-lagged panel model was applied to analyze the temporal relationship between RC and hypertension. RESULTS RC level as a continuous variable had the highest correlation with hypertension among lipid profiles, including RC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, with an odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.58-1.59). In the longitudinal cohort, HRC at baseline was associated with incident hypertension. We further explored the temporal relationship between RC and hypertension using the cross-lagged analysis, and the results showed that RC increase preceded the development of hypertension, rather than vice versa. CONCLUSIONS RC had an unexpected high correlation with the prevalence and incidence of hypertension. Moreover, RC increase might precede the development of hypertension, suggesting the potential role of RC in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengsheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye-Mao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongai Yao
- Physical Examination Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiming Lu
- General Medical Department, China Resource and WireCo Wire Rope Co (CR & WISCO) General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Lan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, Xiaogan Central Hospital, Xiaogan, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wan, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wan, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Wan, ; Zhi-Gang She, ; Hongliang Li,
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16
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Xie H, Zhuang Q, Mu J, Sun J, Wei P, Zhao X, Chen Y, Dong J, Chen C, Wei L, Yin Y, Yang S, Shen C. The relationship between lipid risk score and new-onset hypertension in a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916951. [PMID: 36246874 PMCID: PMC9555054 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia and hypertension are both important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between dyslipidemia and incident hypertension remains to be elucidated comprehensively. The main purpose of this study was to construct the lipid risk score to explore the risk prediction effect of integrated lipid indices on new-onset hypertension. METHODS This prospective cohort study with 2116 non-hypertensive subjects was conducted from 2009 to 2020. New hypertension events during the follow-up period were recorded and verified. The lipid risk score was calculated by summing coded total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol weighted with corresponding effect sizes. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the lipid risk score or lipid indices and incident hypertension in the subgroup of age (< 55 and≥ 55 years at baseline). RESULTS After a median of 10.75-year follow-up, 637 incident hypertension cases were identified. The restricted cubic spline showed that the lipid risk score had a positive linear correlation with hypertension (P< 0.001). Among people< 55 years, with every increase of 0.94 in lipid risk score, the risk of hypertension increased by 37% (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 1.369 [1.164-1.610]). This association was not modified by overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONS The integrated lipid risk score, independent of traditional risk factors, has a significantly predictive effect on hypertension in people younger than 55 years. This finding may aid in identifying high-risk individuals for hypertension, as well as facilitating early intervention and management to reduce adverse cardiovascular events. Comprehensive lipid management should be attached importance in the prevention and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Jialing Mu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxiang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yixing People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, People’s Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Shen, ; Song Yang,
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Shen, ; Song Yang,
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17
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Zhong H, Loukides G, Pissis SP. Clustering demographics and sequences of diagnosis codes. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:2351-2359. [PMID: 34797768 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3129461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A Relational-Sequential dataset (or RS-dataset for short) contains records comprised of a patients values in demographic attributes and their sequence of diagnosis codes. The task of clustering an RS-dataset is helpful for analyses ranging from pattern mining to classification. However, existing methods are not appropriate to perform this task. Thus, we initiate a study of how an RS-dataset can be clustered effectively and efficiently. We formalize the task of clustering an RS-dataset as an optimization problem. At the heart of the problem is a distance measure we design to quantify the pairwise similarity between records of an RS-dataset. Our measure uses a tree structure that encodes hierarchical relationships between records, based on their demographics, as well as an edit-distance-like measure that captures both the sequentiality and the semantic similarity of diagnosis codes. We also develop an algorithm which first identifies k representative records (centers), for a given k, and then constructs clusters, each containing one center and the records that are closer to the center compared to other centers. Experiments using two Electronic Health Record datasets demonstrate that our algorithm constructs compact and well-separated clusters, which preserve meaningful relationships between demographics and sequences of diagnosis codes, while being efficient and scalable.
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18
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Martín-Campos JM. Genetic Determinants of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Monogenicity, Polygenicity, and "Missing" Heritability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111728. [PMID: 34829957 PMCID: PMC8615680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels relate to a high risk of developing some common and complex diseases. LDL-c, as a quantitative trait, is multifactorial and depends on both genetic and environmental factors. In the pregenomic age, targeted genes were used to detect genetic factors in both hyper- and hypolipidemias, but this approach only explained extreme cases in the population distribution. Subsequently, the genetic basis of the less severe and most common dyslipidemias remained unknown. In the genomic age, performing whole-exome sequencing in families with extreme plasma LDL-c values identified some new candidate genes, but it is unlikely that such genes can explain the majority of inexplicable cases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with plasma LDL-c, introducing the idea of a polygenic origin. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), including LDL-c-raising alleles, were developed to measure the contribution of the accumulation of small-effect variants to plasma LDL-c. This paper discusses other possibilities for unexplained dyslipidemias associated with LDL-c, such as mosaicism, maternal effect, and induced epigenetic changes. Future studies should consider gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and the development of integrated information about disease-driving networks, including phenotypes, genotypes, transcription, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Maria Martín-Campos
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IR-HSCSP)-Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Yücel H, Özdemir AT. Low LXA4, RvD1 and RvE1 levels may be an indicator of the development of hypertension. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102365. [PMID: 34740030 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular structure and integrity are at the forefront of blood pressure regulation. However, there are many factors that affect the responses of the vessels. One of these is the inflammatory processes associated with high cholesterol and its modification. 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is the critical enzyme in cholesterol oxidation, but this enzyme is also responsible for the synthesis of specialized proresoving lipid mediators (SPMs) called Lipoxin (Lxs) and Resolvin (Rvs). In this study, we determined serum LXA4, RvD1 and RvE1 levels in newly diagnosed hypertension (HT) and normotension (NT) cases. We evaluated how the presence of hypercholesterolemia (HC) in the follow-up changes the levels of these SPMs. We found that the three SPMs we measured decreased significantly in the presence of HC. In addition, we found a negative and significant correlation with systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol levels for the three SPMs. In conclusion, HT and HC are independent risk factors for cardiovascular death. However, the presence of HC may be an important factor for the development of HT. Increasing cholesterol levels may cause 15-LOX to shift towards LDL oxidation, thus leading to inflammation. This situation may negatively affect the vascular functions in the regulation of blood pressure. Serum LXA4, RvD1 and RvE1 measurements may provide clues that represent a shift of 15-LOX enzyme activity towards cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habil Yücel
- Department of Cardiology, Manisa City Hospital, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Alper Tunga Özdemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Merkezefendi State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
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20
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Hyperuricemia is independently associated with hypertension in men under 60 years in a general Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 35:1020-1028. [PMID: 33318645 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been associated with hypertension, however, whether this association exists across all decades of adult life is unknown. This study aimed to assess the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension in relation to age. This retrospective cross-sectional study included a total of 22,556 adult Chinese people who attended Health Physical Examination in a Chinese hospital. Participants were aged between 18 and 95 years (mean [standard deviation], 45.4 [14.0]). Serum uric acid levels and blood pressure were measured. Associations between serum uric acid and blood pressure, and between hyperuricemia and hypertension diagnosis were analyzed using linear or logistic regression, adjusting for confounding risk factors including age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Sub-analysis was stratified by age and sex. Before adjustment, high serum uric acid was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (β = 0.214, P < 0.001) and higher diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.271, P < 0.001). Hyperuricemia was associated with hypertension diagnosis (OR, 1.763; 95% CI, 1.635-1.901; P < 0.001) in an unadjusted analysis. These findings remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Sub-analysis suggested that the association between uric acid and blood pressure was weaker in older age groups and the association between hyperuricemia and hypertension was limited to people under 60 years. Hyperuricemia was independently associated with hypertension diagnosis in men but not in women, and the independent association between hyperuricemia and hypertension only presented in men under 60 years. This study suggests that hyperuricemia is independently associated with hypertension in Chinese men under 60 years.
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21
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Kan B, Zhao Q, Wang L, Xue S, Cai H, Yang S. Association between lipid biomarkers and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:759. [PMID: 34488720 PMCID: PMC8419899 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are 2 major public health problems. Osteoporosis and CVDs may be linked but the association between lipid profile and osteoporosis is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) with osteoporosis. METHODS Using inpatients' and outpatients' electronic medical records (EMR) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) database stored at The Second Hospital of Jilin University, we included 481 individuals with complete and valid lipid and bone mineral density (BMD) data in 2017. Serum samples were used to measure TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG. Femoral neck and total hip BMD were measured by DXA; osteoporosis was defined as femoral neck or total hip T-score ≤ -2.5. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the associations of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG with osteoporosis. RESULTS The mean age for included individuals was 62.7 years (SD = 8.6 years); 60.1 % of them were female. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in TC (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.06-2.07) and TG (OR: 1.67; 95 % CI: 1.16-2.39) were associated with increased risk of osteoporosis; LDL-C and HDL-C levels were not associated with osteoporosis. Age, sex and body mass index (BMI) did not interact with the relationships of TC and TG with osteoporosis (all P > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Higher TC and TG levels were associated with greater risk of osteoporosis in this cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, China.
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China.
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22
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Guan B, Liu L, Li X, Huang X, Yang W, Sun S, Ma Y, Yu Y, Luo J, Cao J. Association between epicardial adipose tissue and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2547-2556. [PMID: 34172321 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epicardial adipose tissue has been reported to be associated with the development of cardiometabolic disease. Whether this is true for hypertension and non-dipper blood pressure remains controversial. Here, we conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between EAT and blood pressure. DATA SYNTHESIS Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant papers. Studies reported on the difference of EAT thickness between hypertensive and normotensive patients, or those recorded odds ratio (OR) between EAT and hypertension were included. The standard mean difference (SMD) and ORs were extracted and pooled using a random-effects model respectively. We further assessed the effect of EAT on circadian rhythm of blood pressure by combining multiple-adjusted ORs for non-dipper blood pressure. Seven studies with an overall sample of 1089 patients reported the mean difference of EAT thickness between hypertensive and normotensive patients, and the hypertensive patients had higher EAT (SMD = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.66-1.48; I2 = 89.2%) compared with controls. However, the pooled association between EAT and hypertension from two studies was not significant (OR = 1.65, 95%CI 0.62-4.68; I2 = 87.5%). The summary risk effect of EAT on non-dipper blood pressure from six studies comprising1208 patients showed that each 1 mm increment of EAT was associated with a 2.55-fold risk of non-dipper blood pressure. CONCLUSION Hypertensive patients tend to present higher EAT thickness near the right ventricular wall and increased EAT thickness might be associated with high risk of non-dipper blood pressure. Future researches are warranted to determine the causal link between EAT and hypertension and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Guan
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Sun
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiakun Luo
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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23
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Cheng Q, Liu XC, Chen CL, Huang YQ, Feng YQ, Chen JY. The U-Shaped Association of Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707701. [PMID: 34336961 PMCID: PMC8316599 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is a valuable indicator in routine blood lipid tests, but the associations of non-HDL-C with mortality in hypertensive population still remain uncertain. Methods: In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2014, participants having hypertension were included and grouped by non-HDL-C levels (<130, 130–159, 160–189, 190–219, and ≥220 mg/dl). Multivariate Cox regression was conducted for calculation of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). To reveal the relationship between non-HDL-C and mortality, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, restricted cubic spline, linear regression, and subgroup analysis were also applied. Results: A total of 12,169 participants (47.52% males, mean age 57.27 ± 15.79 years) were included. During average follow-up of 92.5 months, 1,946 (15.99%) all-cause deaths and 422 (3.47%) cardiovascular deaths occurred. After adjusting for confounders, the association of non-HDL-C with mortality was detected as U-shaped. Threshold values were observed at 158 mg/dl for all-cause mortality and 190 mg/dl as to cardiovascular mortality. Below the threshold, every 10 mg/dl increment in non-HDL-C attributed to relatively low all-cause mortality significantly (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.96). Above the threshold, non-HDL-C has significant positive associations with both all-cause (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14). For subgroups analysis, similar results were found among participants age <65 years old, non-white population, those were not taking lipid-lowering drugs, and subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Conclusion: The U-shaped association was detected between non-HDL-C and mortality among hypertensive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qing Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Z, He G, Huang N, Thilakavathy K, Lim JCW, Kumar SS, Xiong C. Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Natural Plant Ingredient as a Drug Candidate to Treat COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707205. [PMID: 34305613 PMCID: PMC8298820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The total number of cumulative cases and deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still increasing worldwide. Although many countries have actively implemented vaccination strategies to curb the epidemic, there is no specific efficient therapeutic drug for this virus to effectively reduce deaths. Therefore, the underappreciated macromolecular compounds have become the spotlight of research. Furthermore, the medicinal compounds in plants that provide myriad possibilities to treat human diseases have become of utmost importance. Experience indicates that Traditional Chinese medicine effectively treats SARS and has been used for treating patients with COVID-19 in China. As one of the world's oldest herbal remedies, licorice is used for treating patients with all stages of COVID-19. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the main active compound in licorice, has been proven effective in killing the SARS virus. Meanwhile, as a natural plant molecule, GA can also directly target important protein structures of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarized the immune synergy of GA and its potential role in treating COVID-19 complications. Besides, we reviewed its anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system and its positive effects in cooperation with various drugs to fight against COVID-19 and its comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to elucidate and suggest that GA can be used as a potential drug during COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Guozhong He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - S. Suresh Kumar
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li K, Fan F, Zheng B, Jia J, Liu B, Liu J, Chen C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huo Y. Associations between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and central systolic blood pressure in a Chinese community-based population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:60. [PMID: 34174876 PMCID: PMC8235613 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lipid profile is reportedly related to peripheral blood pressure or pulse wave velocity. However, no studies have investigated the associations between lipid parameters, especially remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP). Methods This study used baseline data of a community-based cohort in Beijing, China. Participants who had been treated with anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering agents were excluded. RLP-C is equal to total cholesterol (TC) minus the sum of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). An Omron HEM-9000AI device was used to measure non-invasive cSBP. The associations between blood lipid profile and non-invasive cSBP were evaluated using multivariable regression models. Results The 5173 included participants were 55.0 ± 8.5 years old; 35.7% (1845) of participants were men. Increased cSBP was significantly associated with increased TC, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and RLP-C but with decreased HDL-C, even after adjusting for possible covariates. When simultaneously entering individual pairs of RLP-C and other blood lipid parameters into the multivariable regression model, RLP-C remained significantly associated with cSBP, even after adjusting for other lipids. Compared with participants who had RLP-C levels in the first quartile (Q1), cSBP for those with RLP-C in Q4 was increased to 4.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.08–6.06) mmHg after adjusting for LDL-C, 4.50 (95%CI: 2.98–6.02) mmHg after adjusting for TC, 3.91 (95%CI: 1.92–5.89) mmHg after adjusting for TG, 5.15 (95%CI: 3.67–6.63) mmHg after adjusting for HDL-C, and 4.10 (95%CI: 2.36–5.84) mmHg after adjusting for non-HDL-C. Conclusions Increased blood RLP-C level was significantly associated with higher cSBP in a Chinese population, independently of other lipids, which indicates its importance in individual cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
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He D, Fan F, Jia J, Jiang Y, Sun P, Wu Z, Li J, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Lipid profiles and the risk of new-onset hypertension in a Chinese community-based cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:911-920. [PMID: 33549431 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia and hypertension, key risk factors for cardiovascular disease, may share similar pathophysiological processes. A longitudinal association was reported between dyslipidemia and new-onset hypertension, but few data were published in Asian. We aimed to investigate the association of lipid profiles with new-onset hypertension in a Chinese community-based non-hypertensive cohort without lipid-lowering treatment (n = 1802). METHODS AND RESULTS New-onset hypertension was defined as any self-reported history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or receiving antihypertensive medications at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations. Participants were aged 53.97 ± 7.49 years, 31.19% were men, and 64.54% with dyslipidemia. During a median of 2.30 years follow-up, the incidence of new-onset hypertension was 12.99%. Multivariate adjusted risks of new-onset hypertension increased with triglyceride increases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.27) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreases (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.76) for one unit. However, threshold effects were observed for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-C. Compared with subjects with hyperlipidemia, in those with normal concentrations of TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C increased risks of new-onset hypertension were observed with OR (95% CI) of 1.65 (1.10-2.46), 1.58 (1.07-2.33), and 1.57 (1.15-2.15) for one unit increasement, respectively, after adjusting for all covariates. CONCLUSION Higher TG and lower HDL-C increased the risk of new-onset hypertension, but for TC, LDL-C and non-HDLC, the risk of new-onset hypertension was increased only at normal concentrations in a Chinese community-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Wang Y, Newsome GS. The Rise of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Women of Northeast China. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:2333721421992250. [PMID: 33644258 PMCID: PMC7894685 DOI: 10.1177/2333721421992250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The women of China's Liaoning province display some morbidities in ways that defy medical explanation. Women have higher rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than men, an anomaly for all three conditions. Most of these patients also suffer from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) while there was a negative association between being female and T2DM for the rest of China. Each of these conditions can exist independently, but the increase in both their rates and congruence is a recent phenomenon. Stranger still is that Liaoning women are now presenting in hospital emergency departments with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), while diabetics predominantly suffer more benign Non-STEMI (NSTEMI) events. Confounding factors in any attempt to study this phenomenon include trace metals like manganese that have been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure in Asian men and raise it in Asian women. Some of the phenomenon may also be associated with the gene for Apolipoprotein 5, but its recent nature suggests other factors besides lipid profiles. Trace metals in the air, water, and diet of Liaoning province, or any urban environment, could play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Wang
- Liaoning Health Industry Group, Shenyang, China
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Kobalava ZD, Kokhan EV. Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia: is it Time for Anti-«Lipitensive» Therapy? RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-09-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread awareness that hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors of prime importance for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of these risk factors is still high, and the success of their control can hardly be considered satisfactory. The latest European guidelines for the management of hypertension strengthened the position of fixed-dose combinations, the main advantage of which is increased adherence to treatment. The purpose of this review was to discuss the background and the possibility of using fixed-dose combinations containing antihypertensive drugs and a statin in the treatment of patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. We outlined the theoretical concepts that substantiate the possibility of using such therapy and discussed the results of randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of combined administration of antihypertensive and lipidlowering drugs. Illustrated by single pill combination of indapamide, perindopril and rosuvastatin, the requirements for fixed drug combinations are discussed, as well as clinical scenarios when their use is considered justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. D. Kobalava
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
| | - E. V. Kokhan
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
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Porcu M, Mannelli L, Melis M, Suri JS, Gerosa C, Cerrone G, Defazio G, Faa G, Saba L. Carotid plaque imaging profiling in subjects with risk factors (diabetes and hypertension). Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1005-1018. [PMID: 32968657 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2020.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaque (AP) is a frequent medical condition and a known risk factor for stroke, and it is also known from literature that several risk factors promote the AP development, in particular aging, smoke, male sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoke, diabetes type 1 and 2, and genetic factors. The study of carotid atherosclerosis is continuously evolving: even if the strategies of treatment still depends mainly on the degree of stenosis (DoS) determined by the plaque, in the last years the attention has moved to the study of the plaque components in order to identify the so called "vulnerable" plaque: features like the fibrous cap status and thickness, the volume of the lipid-rich necrotic core and the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) are risk factors for plaque rupture, that can be studied with modern imaging techniques. The aim of this review is to give a general overview of the principle histological and imaging features of the subcomponent of carotid AP (CAP), focalizing in particular on the features of CAP of patients affected by hypertension and diabetes (in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Melis
- Department of Neurology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerrone
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Neurology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Soundharrajan I, Kuppusamy P, Srisesharam S, Lee JC, Sivanesan R, Kim D, Choi KC. Positive metabolic effects of selected probiotic bacteria on diet‐induced obesity in mice are associated with improvement of dysbiotic gut microbiota. FASEB J 2020; 34:12289-12307. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000971r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilavenil Soundharrajan
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Srigopalram Srisesharam
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chae Lee
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics Chonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Ravikumar Sivanesan
- Department of Zoology Rajah Serfoji Government Arts College Thanjavur Tamilnadu India
| | - Dahye Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology College of Applied Life Science Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Cheonan Republic of Korea
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Hwang JG, Yu KS, Lee S. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Highly Variable Drugs in Healthy Subjects Using a Partial Replicated Crossover Study: A Fixed-Dose Combination of Fimasartan 120 mg and Atorvastatin 40 mg versus Separate Tablets. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1953-1961. [PMID: 32546962 PMCID: PMC7246321 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s233732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of fimasartan and atorvastatin is used to treat hypertension and dyslipidemia. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of fimasartan and atorvastatin has a large intra-subject variability with a maximum coefficient of variation of 65% and 48%, respectively. Therefore, both drugs are classified as highly variable drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) between a FDC of fimasartan 120 mg and atorvastatin 40 mg versus separate tablets in healthy male Korean subjects. Subjects and Methods A randomized, single-dose, two-treatment, three-sequence, three-period, partial replicated crossover study was conducted with a 7-day washout interval between periods. Blood samples for fimasartan and atorvastatin were collected until 48 hours after administration in each period. PK parameters were calculated using the non-compartmental method. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for PK parameters of FDC to loose combination and their 90% confidence intervals (90% CIs) were estimated. Results A total of 56 subjects completed the study. GMRs (90% CIs) of the Cmax for fimasartan and atorvastatin were 1.08 (0.93–1.24) and 1.02 (0.92–1.13), respectively. The expanded 90% CIs of both drugs using the intra-subject variability was calculated range of 0.70–1.43 and 0.73–1.38, respectively. The corresponding values of area under the concentration–time curve from zero to the last measurable time point were 1.02 (0.97–1.08) and 1.02 (0.98–1.07), respectively. Conclusion FDC of fimasartan 120 mg and atorvastatin 40 mg between their loose combination showed similar PK characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gi Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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MacDonald CJ, Madika AL, Bonnet F, Fagherazzi G, Lajous M, Boutron-Ruault MC. Cholesterol and Egg Intakes, and Risk of Hypertension in a Large Prospective Cohort of French Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051350. [PMID: 32397298 PMCID: PMC7285051 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between egg and cholesterol intakes, and cardiovascular disease is controversial. Meta-analyses indicate that egg consumption is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality, but reduced incidence of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations between consumption of egg and cholesterol, and hypertension risk in a cohort of French women. Methods: We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990. From the women in the study, we included those who completed a detailed diet history questionnaire, and who did not have prevalent hypertension or cardiovascular disease at baseline, resulting in 46,424 women. Hypertension cases were self-reported. Egg and cholesterol intake was estimated from dietary history questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models with time-updated exposures were used to calculate hazard ratios. Spline regression was used to determine any dose–respondent relationship. Results: During 885,321 person years, 13,161 cases of incident hypertension were identified. Higher cholesterol consumption was associated with an increased risk of hypertension: HRQ1–Q5 = 1.22 [1.14:1.30], with associations similar regarding egg consumption up to seven eggs per week: HR4–7 eggs = 1.14 [1.06:1.18]. Evidence for a non-linear relationship between hypertension and cholesterol intake was observed. Conclusions: Egg and cholesterol intakes were associated with a higher risk of hypertension in French women. These results merit further investigation in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor-James MacDonald
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laure Madika
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694-Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Rennes1, F-35043 Rennes, France
- Department of endocrinology diabetes and nutrition, CHU Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42116466
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Glezer MG. [Antihypertensive Effect of Switching to a Fixed Perindopril/Amlodipine Combination in Patients Ineffectively Treated by Free Sartan-Containing Combinations. Results of the AVANGARD Study]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:31-38. [PMID: 31615386 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.10.n731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Finding the best options for combined antihypertensive therapy is one of the main tasks to be solved for achieving target blood pressure (BP) and, accordingly, reduction of the risk of complications in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the perindopril arginine/amlodipine fixed combination in patients with 1-2 degree hypertension not achieving BP control on previous therapy with sartan-containing free combinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the multicenter open uncontrolled observational program AVANGARD 203 doctors in 53 cities of the Russian Federation included 658 patients who had not achieved target BP on therapy with two drugs, one of which was sartan (sartan with diuretic, calcium antagonist, β-blocker, or moxonidine in 49%, 33%, 17%, and 1% of cases, respectively). This therapy was replaced with a fixed combination of perindopril arginine/amlodipine. Duration of observation was 3 months. RESULTS On therapy with perindopril arginine/amlodipine, BP decreased 159.9±8.5/92.1±7.4 to 125.8±7.1/77.4±5.5 mm Hg. Target BP <140/90 mm Hg was achieved in 93.5% of patients (office measurement); target BP <135/85 mm Hg - in 83.5% of patients (home measurement). Mean 24-hour BP variability decreased from 4.4±2.9/3.0±2.0 to 3.0±2.2/2.2±1.7 mm Hg (p<0.01). Number of patients complaining of headache decreased by 2.9 times, dizziness - by 2.8 times, fatigue - by 2.3 times, irritability - by 3.0 times, sleep disturbances - by 2.3 times, dyspnea - by 3.8 times, palpitations - by 2.7 times, angina pectoris attacks - by 4.6 times. Dose of perindopril arginine/amlodipine was 10/5 mg in 36.6%, and 10/10 mg in 28.3% of cases, respectively. Number ofparticipants who dropped out ofthe study prematurely was 11 (1.6%) (1 because of adverse event). Adverse events were observed in 4 more patients (2 [0.14%] - edema of lower extremities, and 2 [0.14%] -cough), but they did not require the withdrawal of therapy. CONCLUSION In case of ineffective combination therapy containing sartans, transfer of patients to a fixed combination of perindopril and amlodipine should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Glezer
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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Zhang N, Chen H, Jia J, Ye X, Ding H, Zhan Y. The CYP17A1 gene polymorphisms are associated with hypercholesterolemia in Han Chinese. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3102. [PMID: 31170334 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CYP17A1 gene has been identified to associate with hypertension in Chinese population. However, the association between CYP17A1 polymorphisms and hypertension-related factors is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between CYP17A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid profiles. METHODS In total, 1350 participants were included in the study. Six SNPs in or near CYP17A1 gene were genotyped in a Han Chinese population in two stages. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association of rs1004467 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.783, 95% confidence interval = 0.667-0.919, p < 0.05) and rs11191548 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.788, 95% confidence interval = 0.672-0.925, p < 0.05) with hypercholesterolemia after adjustment for potential factors. Additionally, the rs1004467 minor G-allele and the rs11191548 minor C-allele were significantly associated with the lower serum total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS The rs1004467 and rs11191548 in the CYP17A1 gene are associated with a decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia and lower serum TC levels in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jia
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoman Ye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyang Zhan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liao MY, Shen YC, Chiu HF, Ten SM, Lu YY, Han YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Yang SF, Wang CK. Down-regulation of partial substitution for staple food by oat noodles on blood lipid levels: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:93-100. [PMID: 30648598 PMCID: PMC9298646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Chronic lifestyle diseases display seasonal sensitive comorbid trend in human population evidence from Google Trends. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207359. [PMID: 30540756 PMCID: PMC6291106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and human physiological changes are important factors in the development of many diseases. But, the study of genuine seasonal impact on these diseases is difficult to measure due to many other environment and lifestyle factors which directly affect these diseases. However, several clinical studies have been conducted in different parts of the world, and it has clearly indicated that certain groups of population are highly subjected to seasonal changes, and their maladaptation can possibly lead to several disorders/diseases. Thus, it is crucial to study the significant seasonal sensitive diseases spread across the human population. To narrow down these disorders/diseases, the study hypothesized that high altitude (HA) associated diseases and disorders are of the strong variants of seasonal physiologic changes. It is because, HA is the only geographical condition for which humans can develop very efficient physiological adaptation mechanism called acclimatization. To study this hypothesis, PubMed was used to collect the HA associated symptoms and disorders. Disease Ontology based semantic similarity network (DSN) and disease-drug networks were constructed to narrow down the benchmark diseases and disorders of HA. The DSN which was further subjected to different community structure analysis uncovered the highly associated or possible comorbid diseases of HA. The predicted 12 lifestyle diseases were assumed to be “seasonal (sensitive) comorbid lifestyle diseases (SCLD)”. A time series analyses on Google Search data of the world from 2004–2016 was conducted to investigate whether the 12 lifestyle diseases have seasonal patterns. Because, the trends were sensitive to the term used as benchmark; the temporal relationships among the 12 disease search volumes and their temporal sequences similarity by dynamic time warping analyses was used to predict the comorbid diseases. Among the 12 lifestyle diseases, the study provides an indirect evidence in the existence of severe seasonal comorbidity among hypertension, obesity, asthma and fibrosis diseases, which is widespread in the world population. Thus, the present study has successfully addressed this issue by predicting the SCLD, and indirectly verified them among the world population using Google Search Trend. Furthermore, based on the SCLD seasonal trend, the study also classified them as severe, moderate, and mild. Interestingly, seasonal trends of the severe seasonal comorbid diseases displayed an inverse pattern between USA (Northern hemisphere) and New Zealand (Southern hemisphere). Further, knowledge in the so called “seasonal sensitive populations” physiological response to seasonal triggers such as winter, summer, spring, and autumn become crucial to modulate disease incidence, disease course, or clinical prevention.
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Markabayeva A, Bauer S, Pivina L, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Kerimkulova A, Semenova Y, Belikhina T. Increased prevalence of essential hypertension in areas previously exposed to fallout due to nuclear weapons testing at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:129-135. [PMID: 30014894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the association between environmental radiation exposure and essential hypertension in a series of investigated geographical districts adjacent to the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan. The sample consists of 2000 volunteers participants in screening examinations in three administrative districts close to the nuclear test site, which was carried out as part of the Government Programs on Environmental Health Hazard. The cross-sectional study compares prevalence ratios in a population sample with long-term exposure in the low and intermediate dose range. Age-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension were found significantly increased with higher exposure groups. After accounting for main cardiovascular risk factors into the model and stratifying by gender, the prevalence odds ratios for radiation remained significantly increased, with a significant dose-response effect observed for some but not all subgroups. The results support existing evidence of cardiovascular health effects of radiation exposure and of persisting environmental health issues that require attention in both epidemiological surveys and healthcare provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences-University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Co-Amorphous Simvastatin-Nifedipine with Enhanced Solubility for Possible Use in Combination Therapy of Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092161. [PMID: 30154310 PMCID: PMC6225140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The high index of simultaneous incidence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the population of many countries demands the preparation of more efficient drugs. Therefore, there is a significant area of opportunity to provide as many alternatives as possible to treat these illnesses. Taking advantage of the solubility enhancement that can be achieved when an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is obtained and stabilized in its amorphous state, in the present work, new drug-drug co-amorphous formulations (Simvastatin SIM- Nifedipine NIF) with enhanced solubility and stability were prepared and characterized. Results show that the co-amorphous system (molar ratio 1:1) is more soluble than the pure commercial APIs studied separately. Aqueous dissolution profiles showed increments of solubility of 3.7 and 1.7 times for SIM and NIF, correspondingly, in the co-amorphous system. The new co-amorphous formulations, monitored in time, (molar fractions 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 of SIM) remained stable in the amorphous state for more than one year when stored at room temperature and did not show any signs of crystallization when re-heating. Inspection on the remainder of a sample after six hours of dissolution showed no recrystallization, confirming the stability of co-amorphous system. The enhanced solubility of the co-amorphous formulations makes them promising for simultaneously targeting of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia through combination therapy.
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North K, Bisen S, Dopico AM, Bukiya AN. Tyrosine 450 in the Voltage- and Calcium-Gated Potassium Channel of Large Conductance Channel Pore-Forming (slo1) Subunit Mediates Cholesterol Protection against Alcohol-Induced Constriction of Cerebral Arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:234-244. [PMID: 30115756 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.250514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) at physiologically relevant concentrations (<100 mM) constricts cerebral arteries via inhibition of voltage- and calcium-gated potassium channels of large conductance (BK) located in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). These channels consist of channel-forming slo1 (cbv1, KCNMA1) and accessory beta1 (KCNMB1) subunits. An increase in VSM cholesterol (CLR) via either dietary CLR intake or in vitro CLR enrichment was shown to protect against endothelium-independent, alcohol-induced constriction of cerebral arteries. The molecular mechanism(s) of this protection remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CLR enrichment of de-endothelialized middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of rat increased CLR content in the VSM in a concentration-dependent manner. CLR enrichment blunted MCA constriction evoked by 18-75 mM but not by 100 mM alcohol. MCA enrichment with coprostanol (COPR) also blunted vasoconstriction by 50 mM alcohol, despite the fact that COPR and CLR differ in their ability to modify several major physical properties of the bilayer. CLR protection against 50 but not 100 mM alcohol was also observed in C57BL/6 and KCNMB1 knockout (KO) mice. Permeabilization of KCNMA1 KO MCAs with Y450Fcbv1 totally ablated CLR, but not COPR protection against vasoconstriction by 50 mM alcohol. Thus, CLR and alcohol interact at the level of the BK channel slo1 subunit, with Y450 being critical for CLR protection against alcohol-induced vasoconstriction. We document for the first time a functional competition between CLR and alcohol in regulating cerebral artery diameter and a critical role of a single amino acid within the BK channel pore-forming subunit in controlling CLR-alcohol interaction at the organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey North
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shivantika Bisen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alex M Dopico
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anna N Bukiya
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Abeysinghe R, Cui L. Query-constraint-based mining of association rules for exploratory analysis of clinical datasets in the National Sleep Research Resource. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2018; 18:58. [PMID: 30066656 PMCID: PMC6069291 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Association Rule Mining (ARM) has been widely used by biomedical researchers to perform exploratory data analysis and uncover potential relationships among variables in biomedical datasets. However, when biomedical datasets are high-dimensional, performing ARM on such datasets will yield a large number of rules, many of which may be uninteresting. Especially for imbalanced datasets, performing ARM directly would result in uninteresting rules that are dominated by certain variables that capture general characteristics. Methods We introduce a query-constraint-based ARM (QARM) approach for exploratory analysis of multiple, diverse clinical datasets in the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR). QARM enables rule mining on a subset of data items satisfying a query constraint. We first perform a series of data-preprocessing steps including variable selection, merging semantically similar variables, combining multiple-visit data, and data transformation. We use Top-k Non-Redundant (TNR) ARM algorithm to generate association rules. Then we remove general and subsumed rules so that unique and non-redundant rules are resulted for a particular query constraint. Results Applying QARM on five datasets from NSRR obtained a total of 2517 association rules with a minimum confidence of 60% (using top 100 rules for each query constraint). The results show that merging similar variables could avoid uninteresting rules. Also, removing general and subsumed rules resulted in a more concise and interesting set of rules. Conclusions QARM shows the potential to support exploratory analysis of large biomedical datasets. It is also shown as a useful method to reduce the number of uninteresting association rules generated from imbalanced datasets. A preliminary literature-based analysis showed that some association rules have supporting evidence from biomedical literature, while others without literature-based evidence may serve as the candidates for new hypotheses to explore and investigate. Together with literature-based evidence, the association rules mined over the NSRR clinical datasets may be used to support clinical decisions for sleep-related problems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12911-018-0633-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmie Abeysinghe
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Licong Cui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Taleb A, Ahmad KA, Ihsan AU, Qu J, Lin N, Hezam K, Koju N, Hui L, Qilong D. Antioxidant effects and mechanism of silymarin in oxidative stress induced cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:689-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Aluko EO, Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA, Adejumobi OA, Ajibade TO, Fasanmade AA. Reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability shifts serum lipid content towards atherogenic lipoprotein in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [PMID: 29525675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is major endothelial relaxing factor and reduction in its bioavailabilty has been linked to hypertension. Furthermore, high lipid content is a strong risk factor predisposing to cardiovascular diseases. The principal focus of this study was to investigate the effect of blockade of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on serum lipid content in rats. Male Wistar rats (150-170 g, n = 15) were randomly divided into two groups designated control (n = 5), and L-Name group (n = 10) and were gavage with distilled water and 60 mg/kg of L-NAME respectively daily for three weeks. After 3 weeks, the L-NAME group was sub-divided into two sub-groups (n = 5 each): L-NAME (60 mg/kg of L-NAME), and L-NAME plus ramipril (LR) (60 mg/kg of L-NAME plus 20 mg/kg of ramipril) and were treated daily for another three weeks. The blood pressure (BP) of the conscious rats was measured by tail-cuff method at the onset, at the third and at the sixth weeks of the experiment; while serum lipid contents and NO were measured at the third and sixth weeks. At the end of the experiment blood sample was drawn by ocular puncture for evaluation of lipid profile and NO, and the animals were later euthanized by overdose of anaesthesia. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. There was a significant increase in BP, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and atherogenic indices in L-NAME group compared to the control and LR group (p < 0.05); NO and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significant lower in the L-NAME group compared to control and LR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduction in NO bioavailability alters lipid metabolism, which was rectified by ramipril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Oluwasola Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Umbria M, Ramos A, Caner J, Vega T, Lozano JE, Santos C, Aluja MP. Involvement of mitochondrial haplogroups in myocardial infarction and stroke: A case-control study in Castile and Leon (Spain) population. Mitochondrion 2017; 44:1-6. [PMID: 29258787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are strong evidences that common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups may influence the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this matched case-control study, we investigate the association between mtDNA haplogroups and two CVDs, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and classical cardiovascular risk factors. Data obtained show that haplogroup H constitute a susceptibility risk factor for MI (p=0.001; OR=2.379, 95% CI [1.440-3.990]). Otherwise, our data also suggest a beneficial role of haplogroup J against hypertension (p=0.019; OR=0.348, 95% CI [0.144-0.840]). These results may provide some guidance for predicting the genetic risk of these diseases in different human populations through the differences in energy efficiency between haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Umbria
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Ramos
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Caner
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomás Vega
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Eugenio Lozano
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y León, 47007 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Santos
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Aluja
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Department BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Alkushi AG. Biological Effect of Cynara cardunculus on Kidney Status of Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S430-S436. [PMID: 29142395 PMCID: PMC5669078 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Cynara cardunculus or artichoke thistle belongs to the sunflower family and has a variety of cultivable forms. Historically, it was cultivated as a vegetable, but more recently, it is being used in cheese and biofuel preparation. Artichoke leaf extracts are also known for its medicinal purposes, particularly in reducing the elevated cholesterol levels in blood. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is also associated with other complications such as impaired renal function and diabetes mellitus. A remedy without major side effects for HC and its associated complications is highly desirable. Aims: We explored the effect of artichoke on the kidneys of hypercholesterolemic adult male Sprague–Dawley albino rats. Subjects and Methods: Oral administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) of C. cardunculus leaf extract (CCL) and C. cardunculus pulp extract (CCP) was made to male Sprague–Dawley albino hypercholesterolemic rats and investigated the levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and urea in their blood. Results: We observed that both CCL and CCP significantly reduced the creatinine and uric acid levels in the blood in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Both CCL and CCP significantly reduced the blood glucose levels (P < 0.05). Further, the histopathological investigation of the kidney sections showed that CCL treatment resolved HC-associated kidney damage. Conclusion: CCL not only has cholesterol-reducing capacity but also reduces the blood glucose levels and repairs the impaired kidney functions and damages. These findings are significant particularly because HC results in further complications such as diabetes and kidney damage, both of which can be treated effectively with artichoke. SUMMARY C. cardunculus leaf extract (CCL) not only has cholesterol-reducing capacity but also reduces the blood glucose levels and repairs the impaired kidney functions and damages. This study evaluated the nephroprotective role of CCL and CCP in hypercholesterolemic rats and observed that both CCL and CCP significantly reduced the creatinine and uric acid levels in hypercholesterolemic rats in a dose-dependent manner.
Abbreviations used: HC: Hypercholesterolemia, WHO: World Health Organization, BAS: Bile acid sequestrant, PCSK9: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, ALE: Artichoke leaf extract, CCL: Cynara cardunculus leaf extract, CCP: Cynara cardunculus pulp extract, BWG%: Body weight gain%, FER: Food-efficiency ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Glil Alkushi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Cao J, Jiao J, Du Z, Xu W, Sun B, Li F, Liu Y. Combined Hyperactive Dysfunction Syndrome of the Cranial Nerves: A Retrospective Systematic Study of Clinical Characteristics in 44 Patients. World Neurosurg 2017; 104:390-397. [PMID: 28512048 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined hyperactive dysfunction syndrome (HDS) is defined as the combination symptoms arising from overactivity in cranial nerves, specifically, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN), without an obvious explanatory structural lesion. This study retrospectively analyzes the clinical characteristics of combined HDS treated with microvascular decompression (MVD) in a single institution. METHODS A total of 1450 patients with HDS were treated with MVD in our department during a 10-year period, among which 44 cases of combined HDS were identified. Clinical records and follow-ups were reviewed. RESULTS Combined HDS comprised 3.03% (44/1450) of all HDS in our series, with female predominance compared with single HDS (P = 0.002), including combined TN-HFS (14 cases), combined TN-GPN (26 cases), bilateral TN (2 cases), and combined TN-HFS-GPN (2 cases). The average age at diagnosis of patients with combined HDS (60.9 years) was significantly older than that of patients with single HDS (53.5 years) (P = 0.035). Hypertension was closely associated with the prevalence of combined HDS compared with single HDS (P = 0.009). The curative rate was 97.7% (43/44) after MVD, and the recurrence rate was 3.33%. The incidence rates of postoperative cardiac, pulmonary, thromboembolic, and delirium complications were higher in combined HDS than in single HDS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Combined HDS is a rarely occurring syndrome usually observed in older females, and the most common types are combined TN-GPN and combined TN-HFS. Age and gender seemed to be causes for developing combined HDS, and MVD shows potential as a favorable treatment choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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