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Bailey S, Newton N, Perry Y, Grummitt L, Goldbach J, Barrett E. It's time for change: inequities and determinants of health-related quality of life among gender and sexually diverse young people in Australia. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:1647-1662. [PMID: 38605187 PMCID: PMC11116229 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was guided by three research aims: firstly, to examine the longitudinal trends of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA2S+) young people through adolescence (ages 14-19); secondly, to assess longitudinal associations between poor mental health and HR-QoL among LGBTQA2S+ young people through adolescence; and thirdly, to examine differences in HR-QoL among LGBTQA2S+ young people during early adolescence (ages 14 and 15) depending on select school-, peer-, and parent-level factors. METHODS This study used three of nine available waves of data from a large population-level, probability sample-based, longitudinal cohort study, namely the K' cohort: children aged 4-5 years old at time of study enrolment followed-up biennially (~ 61% retention rate). HR-QoL weighted means and standard deviations were calculated using Child Health Utility 9D (CHU-9D) scores for LGBTQA2S+ participants at ages 14 and 15 (Wave 6), ages 16 and 17 (Wave 7), and ages 18 and 19 (Wave 8). To strategically identify policy-relevant modifiable behavioural factors suitable for prevention and early intervention, non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests tested differences in mean CHU-9D ranks at ages 14 and 15 (Wave 6) between groups (gender identity: trans vs. cis; identity-level sexuality: gay, lesbian, bisexual, or other diverse sexuality vs. heterosexual; group-level sexuality: sexually diverse vs. not sexually diverse) and selected school factors (school acceptance, belonging, freedom of expression), peer factors (peer relationship quality, trust, respect), and family factors (parental acceptance, understanding, trust), with Hedge's g correction statistics computed for effect sizes. Longitudinal associations between gender, sexuality, and poor mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety, symptoms, self-harm thoughts/behaviour, and suicidal thoughts/behaviour) and HR-QoL were tested using mixed-effects models with random intercepts and random slopes for nested clustering (participants within postcodes). RESULTS HR-QoL disparities disproportionately affecting LGBTQA2S+ groups relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers, were well-established by age 14 to 15 relatively steeper reductions in HR-QoL were observed throughout adolescence among all LGBTQA2S+ groups, with HR-QoL widening the most for trans participants. Poor mental health was significantly associated with HR-QoL declines. LGBTQA2S+ participants with positive school- and parent factors related to feelings of acceptance, belonging, and freedom of self-expression, reported significantly higher HR-QoL during early adolescence. CONCLUSION Evidence-based public health policy responses are required to address the dire HR-QoL inequities among LGBTQA2S+ young people, particularly trans young people. Prioritising the promotion of school- and family-based interventions which foster LGBTQA2S+ inclusivity, acceptance, and a sense of belonging from early adolescence through young adulthood, represents a feasible, evidence-based, and cost-effective response to address these HR-QoL disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Bailey
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yael Perry
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lucinda Grummitt
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy Goldbach
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Emma Barrett
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Robinson T, Hill S, Orozco-Leal G, Kernohan A, King W, Oluboyede Y. Valuing selected WAItE health states using the Time Trade-Off methodology: findings from an online interviewer-assisted remote survey. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2024; 8:6. [PMID: 38214796 PMCID: PMC10786771 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Weight-Specific Adolescent Instrument for Economic Evaluation (WAItE) is a physical weight-specific patient reported outcome measure for use in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to use the Time Trade-Off (TTO) methodology, administered using an online interviewer-assisted remote survey, to obtain utility values for several health states from the WAItE descriptive system from a sample of the UK adult general population. METHODS The adult sample was gathered using a market research company and a sample of local residents. All participants completed the same interviewer-assisted remote survey, which included rating WAItE states of varying impairment using the TTO. RESULTS 42 adults completed the survey. Utility values were gathered for four health states, ranging from low impairment to the most severe health from the WAItE descriptive system (the Pits state). Consistent orderings of the WAItE health states were observed; the health state with the lowest level of impairment was valued highest and the Pits state was valued lowest. Several respondents (n = 7, 17%) considered the Pits state to be worse than death; however, the mean value of this health state was 0.23. CONCLUSIONS The utility value of the Pits state relative to death generated from this study will be used to anchor latent values for WAItE health states generated from a Discrete Choice Experiment onto the 0 = death, 1 = full health Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) scale as part of a valuation study for the WAItE in the UK population. This study also provides further evidence that interviewer-assisted digital studies are feasible for collecting TTO data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomos Robinson
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| | | | - Giovany Orozco-Leal
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kernohan
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - William King
- Health Economics Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Hettiarachchi RM, Kularatna S, Byrnes J, Mulhern B, Chen G, Scuffham PA. Valuing the Dental Caries Utility Index in Australia. Med Decis Making 2023; 43:901-913. [PMID: 37724663 PMCID: PMC10625724 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x231197149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Dental Caries Utility Index (DCUI) is a new oral health-specific health state classification system for adolescents, consisting of 5 domains: pain/discomfort, difficulty eating food/drinking, worried, ability to participate in activities, and appearance. Each domain has 4 response levels. This study aims to generate an Australian-specific utility algorithm for the DCUI. METHODS An online survey was conducted using a representative sample of the adult Australian general population. The discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to elicit the preferences on 5 domains. Then, the latent utilities were anchored onto the full health-dead scale using the visual analogue scale (VAS). DCE data were modeled using conditional logit, and 2 anchoring procedures were considered: anchor based on the worst health state and a mapping approach. The optimal anchoring procedure was selected based on the model parsimony and the mean absolute error (MAE). RESULTS A total of 995 adults from the Australian general population completed the survey. The conditional logit estimates on 5 dimensions and levels were monotonic and statistically significant, except for the second level of the "worried" and "appearance" domains. The mapping approach was selected based on a smaller MAE between the 2 anchoring procedures. The Australian-specific tariff of DCUI ranges from 0.1681 to 1. CONCLUSION This study developed a utility algorithm for the DCUI. This value set will facilitate utility value calculations from the participants' responses for DCUI in economic evaluations of dental caries interventions targeted for adolescents. HIGHLIGHTS Preference-based quality-of-life measures (PBMs), which consist of a health state classification system and a set of utility values (a scoring algorithm), are used to generate utility weights for economic evaluations.This study is the first to develop an Australian utility value set for the Dental Caries Utility Index (DCUI), a new oral health-specific classification system for adolescents.The availability of a utility value set will enable using DCUI in economic evaluations of oral health interventions targeted for adolescents and may ultimately lead to more effective and efficient planning of oral health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruvini M. Hettiarachchi
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Kularatna
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovacions and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, The Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A. Scuffham
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
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Lipman SA, Essers BAB, Finch AP, Sajjad A, Stalmeier PFM, Roudijk B. In a Child's Shoes: Composite Time Trade-Off Valuations for EQ-5D-Y-3L with Different Proxy Perspectives. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:181-192. [PMID: 36255560 PMCID: PMC9579618 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES EQ-5D-Y-3L health states are commonly valued by asking adults to complete stated preference tasks, 'given their views about a 10-year-old child' (hereafter referred to as proxy 1). The use of this perspective has been a source of debate. In this paper, we investigated an alternative proxy perspective: i.e. adults considered what they think a 10-year old-child would decide for itself (hereafter, proxy 2 (substitute)]. Our main objective was to explore how the outcomes, dispersion and response patterns of a composite time trade-off valuation differ between proxy 1 and proxy 2. METHODS A team of four trained interviewers completed 402 composite time trade-off interviews following the EQ-5D-Y-3L protocol. Respondents were randomly allocated to value health states in either the proxy 1 or proxy 2 (substitute) perspective. Each respondent valued ten health states with the perspective they were assigned to, as well as one health state with the alternative perspective (33333). RESULTS The use of different proxy perspectives yielded differences in EQ-5D-Y-3L valuation. For states in which children had considerable pain and were very worried, sad or unhappy, respondents' valuations were lower in proxy 1 than in proxy 2 (substitute) perspectives, by about 0.2. Within-subject variation across health states was lower for proxy 2 (substitute) than proxy 1 perspectives. Analyses of response patterns suggest that data for proxy 2 (substitute) perspectives were less clustered. CONCLUSIONS There are systematic differences between composite time trade-off responses given by adults deciding for children and adults considering what children would want for themselves. In addition to warranting further qualitative exploration, such differences contribute to the ongoing normative discussion surrounding the source and perspective used for valuation of child and adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Lipman
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brigitte A B Essers
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ayesha Sajjad
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peep F M Stalmeier
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Roudijk
- EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rencz F, Ruzsa G, Bató A, Yang Z, Finch AP, Brodszky V. Value Set for the EQ-5D-Y-3L in Hungary. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:205-215. [PMID: 36123448 PMCID: PMC9485017 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hungarian health technology assessment guidelines recommend the use of the EuroQol instrument family in quality-adjusted life-year calculations. However, no national value set exists for the EQ-5D-Y-3L or any other youth-specific instrument. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a national value set of the EQ-5D-Y-3L for Hungary based on preferences of the general adult population. METHODS This study followed the international valuation protocol for the EQ-5D-Y-3L. Two independent samples, representative of the Hungarian general adult population in terms of age and sex were recruited to complete online discrete choice experiment (DCE) tasks and composite time trade-off (cTTO) tasks by computer-assisted personal interviews. Adults valued hypothetical EQ-5D-Y-3L health states considering the health of a 10-year-old child. DCE data were modelled using a mixed logit model with random-correlated coefficients. Latent DCE utility estimates were mapped onto mean observed cTTO utilities using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS Overall, 996 and 200 respondents completed the DCE and cTTO surveys, respectively. For each domain, the value set resulted in larger utility decrements with more severe response levels. The relative importance of domains by level 3 coefficients was as follows: having pain or discomfort > feeling worried, sad or unhappy > mobility > doing usual activities > looking after myself. Overall, 12.3% of all health states had negative utilities in the value set, with the worst health state having the lowest predicted utility of - 0.485. CONCLUSION This study developed a national value set of the EQ-5D-Y-3L for Hungary. The value set enables to evaluate the cost utility of health technologies for children and adolescents based on societal preferences in Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, 8 Fővám tér, 1093, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Ruzsa
- Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Bató
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, 8 Fővám tér, 1093, Budapest, Hungary
- Károly Rácz Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Health Services Management Department, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Valentin Brodszky
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, 8 Fővám tér, 1093, Budapest, Hungary
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Bailey C, Howell M, Raghunandan R, Salisbury A, Chen G, Coast J, Craig JC, Devlin NJ, Huynh E, Lancsar E, Mulhern BJ, Norman R, Petrou S, Ratcliffe J, Street DJ, Howard K, Viney R. Preference Elicitation Techniques Used in Valuing Children's Health-Related Quality-of-Life: A Systematic Review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:663-698. [PMID: 35619044 PMCID: PMC9270310 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Valuing children's health states for use in economic evaluations is globally relevant and is of particular relevance in jurisdictions where a cost-utility analysis is the preferred form of analysis for decision making. Despite this, the challenges with valuing child health mean that there are many remaining questions for debate about the approach to elicitation of values. The aim of this paper was to identify and describe the methods used to value children's health states and the specific issues that arise in the use of these methods. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases to identify studies published in English since 1990 that used preference elicitation methods to value child and adolescent (under 18 years of age) health states. Eligibility criteria comprised valuation studies concerning both child-specific patient-reported outcome measures and child health states defined in other ways, and methodological studies of valuation approaches that may or may not have yielded a value set algorithm. RESULTS A total of 77 eligible studies were identified from which data on country setting, aims, condition (general population or clinically specific), sample size, age of respondents, the perspective that participants were asked to adopt, source of values (respondents who completed the preference elicitation tasks) and methods questions asked were extracted. Extracted data were classified and evaluated using narrative synthesis methods. The studies were classified into three groups: (1) studies comparing elicitation methods (n = 30); (2) studies comparing perspectives (n = 23); and (3) studies where no comparisons were presented (n = 26); selected studies could fall into more than one group. Overall, the studies varied considerably both in methods used and in reporting. The preference elicitation tasks included time trade-off, standard gamble, visual analogue scaling, rating/ranking, discrete choice experiments, best-worst scaling and willingness to pay elicited through a contingent valuation. Perspectives included adults' considering the health states from their own perspective, adults taking the perspective of a child (own, other, hypothetical) and a child/adolescent taking their own or the perspective of another child. There was some evidence that children gave lower values for comparable health states than did adults that adopted their own perspective or adult/parents that adopted the perspective of children. CONCLUSIONS Differences in reporting limited the conclusions that can be formed about which methods are most suitable for eliciting preferences for children's health and the influence of differing perspectives and values. Difficulties encountered in drawing conclusions from the data (such as lack of consensus and poor reporting making it difficult for users to choose and interpret available values) suggest that reporting guidelines are required to improve the consistency and quality of reporting of studies that value children's health using preference-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Bailey
- Health Economics Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Martin Howell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rakhee Raghunandan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber Salisbury
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna Coast
- Health Economics Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nancy J Devlin
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Huynh
- Department of Health Services and Policy Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Emily Lancsar
- Department of Health Services and Policy Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brendan J Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah J Street
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosalie Viney
- Centre for Health Economics, Research and Evaluation (CHERE), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kwon J, Freijser L, Huynh E, Howell M, Chen G, Khan K, Daher S, Roberts N, Harrison C, Smith S, Devlin N, Howard K, Lancsar E, Bailey C, Craig J, Dalziel K, Hayes A, Mulhern B, Wong G, Ratcliffe J, Petrou S. Systematic Review of Conceptual, Age, Measurement and Valuation Considerations for Generic Multidimensional Childhood Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:379-431. [PMID: 35072935 PMCID: PMC9007803 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for children (aged ≤ 18 years) present methodological challenges. PROMs can be categorised by their diverse underlying conceptual bases, including functional, disability and health (FDH) status; quality of life (QoL); and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Some PROMs are designed to be accompanied by preference weights. PROMs should account for childhood developmental differences by incorporating age-appropriate health/QoL domains, guidance on respondent type(s) and design. This systematic review aims to identify generic multidimensional childhood PROMs and synthesise their characteristics by conceptual basis, target age, measurement considerations, and the preference-based value sets that accompany them. METHODS The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021230833), and reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We conducted systematic database searches for generic multidimensional childhood PROMs covering the period 2012-2020, which we combined with published PROMs identified by an earlier systematic review that covered the period 1992-2011. A second systematic database search identified preference-based value sets for generic multidimensional PROMs. The PROMs were categorised by conceptual basis (FDH status, QoL and HRQoL) and by target age (namely infants and pre-schoolers aged < 5 years, pre-adolescents aged 5-11, adolescents aged 12-18 and multi-age group coverage). Descriptive statistics assessed how PROM characteristics (domain coverage, respondent type and design) varied by conceptual basis and age categories. Involvement of children in PROM development and testing was assessed to understand content validity. Characteristics of value sets available for the childhood generic multidimensional PROMs were identified and compared. RESULTS We identified 89 PROMs, including 110 versions: 52 FDH, 29 QoL, 12 HRQoL, nine QoL-FDH and eight HRQoL-FDH measures; 20 targeted infants and pre-schoolers, 29 pre-adolescents, 24 adolescents and 37 for multiple age groups. Domain coverage demonstrated development trajectories from observable FDH aspects in infancy through to personal independence and relationships during adolescence. PROMs targeting younger children relied more on informant report, were shorter and had fewer ordinal scale points. One-third of PROMs were developed following qualitative research or surveys with children or parents for concept elicitation. There were 21 preference-based value sets developed by 19 studies of ten generic multidimensional childhood PROMs: seven were based on adolescents' stated preferences, seven were from adults from the perspective of or on behalf of the child, and seven were from adults adopting an adult's perspective. Diverse preference elicitation methods were used to elicit values. Practices with respect to anchoring values on the utility scale also varied considerably. The range and distribution of values reflect these differences, resulting in value sets with notably different properties. CONCLUSION Identification and categorisation of generic multidimensional childhood PROMs and value sets by this review can aid the development, selection and interpretation of appropriate measures for clinical and population research and cost-effectiveness-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kwon
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Louise Freijser
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Huynh
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Martin Howell
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kamran Khan
- Centre for Health Economics at Warwick, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Shahd Daher
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Nia Roberts
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Conrad Harrison
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Sarah Smith
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England, UK
| | - Nancy Devlin
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Lancsar
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cate Bailey
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kim Dalziel
- Health Economics Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring, Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
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Rogers HJ, Sagabiel J, Marshman Z, Rodd HD, Rowen D. Adolescent valuation of CARIES-QC-U: a child-centred preference-based measure of dental caries. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35115013 PMCID: PMC8812216 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study develops an adolescent value set for a child-centred dental caries-specific measure of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) based upon CARIES-QC (Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children). This study develops a new approach to valuing child health by eliciting adolescent preferences and anchoring these onto the 1–0 full health-dead QALY (quality adjusted life year) scale using ordinal adult preferences. Methods Two online surveys were created to elicit preferences for the CARIES-QC classification system. The first comprised best–worst scaling (BWS) tasks for completion by adolescents aged 11–16 years. The second comprised discrete choice experiment tasks with a duration attribute (DCETTO) for completion by adults aged over 18 years. Preferences were modelled using the conditional logit model. Mapping regressions anchored the adolescent BWS data onto the QALY scale using adult DCETTO values, since the BWS survey data alone cannot generate anchored values. Results 723 adolescents completed the BWS survey and 626 adults completed the DCETTO survey. The samples were representative of UK adolescent and adult populations. Fully consistent and robust models were produced for both BWS and DCETTO data. BWS preferences were mapped onto DCETTO values, resulting utility estimates for each health state defined by the classification system. Conclusion This is the first measure with predetermined scoring based on preferences to be developed specifically for use in child oral health research, and uses a novel technique to generate a value set using adolescent preferences. The estimates can be used to generate QALYs in economic evaluations of interventions to improve children’s oral health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-022-01918-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Rogers
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - J Sagabiel
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Economics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Z Marshman
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H D Rodd
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Rowen
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Robinson T, Hill S, Oluboyede Y. Developing a preference-based measure for weight-specific health-related quality of life in adolescence: the WAItE UK valuation study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054203. [PMID: 34785557 PMCID: PMC8596058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent obesity is a public health problem in the UK. The Weight-Specific Adolescent Instrument for Economic Evaluation (WAItE) has been developed as the first weight-specific health-related quality of life measure appropriate for economic evaluation, but currently cannot be used to generate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are the basis of cost-utility analysis. Generic measures (such as the EQ-5D-Y or CHU-9D) may be insensitive to small but important health changes in overweight or obese adolescents. This study aims to generate a preference-based scoring algorithm for the WAItE. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) will be administered to value health states described by the WAItE classification system. These health states will be presented to members of the adult general population of the UK via an online survey. A range of regression models will be used to produce the utility algorithm for the WAItE. The DCE-visual analogue scale and time trade-off (TTO) anchoring methods will be used anchor the value set on to the 0-1 QALY scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Newcastle University Medical School Ethics Committee approved the study (references 4772/2020 (DCE) and 9978/2020 (TTO)). The developed algorithm can be applied to future economic evaluations of weight management interventions and treatments for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomos Robinson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Hill
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yemi Oluboyede
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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10
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Prevolnik Rupel V, Ramos-Goñi JM, Ogorevc M, Kreimeier S, Ludwig K, Greiner W. Comparison of Adult and Adolescent Preferences Toward EQ-5D-Y-3L Health States. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 24:1350-1359. [PMID: 34452716 PMCID: PMC8404973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The international EQ-5D-Y-3L valuation protocol suggests obtaining preferences for EQ-5D-Y-3L health states from a sample of the general adult population. There is discussion around involving children and adolescents in the processes of preference elicitation and decision making. The objective of this study was to compare the preferences for EQ-5D-Y-3L obtained from adolescents for themselves to those of adults considering a hypothetical 10-year-old child in Germany, Slovenia, and Spain. METHODS A sample of a minimum of 700 adolescents and 1000 adults in each country was recruited through online panels. An online discrete choice experiment was used to obtain health-state preferences. For the purposes of comparison, all coefficients were rescaled to a 1 (best) to 0 (worst) scale. The differences between preferences in both samples were analyzed via the relative attribute importance of health dimensions from the mixed logit models. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the preferences for EQ-5D-Y-3L states given by the 2 samples were observed in all 3 countries. The overall relative attribute importance was similar between adolescents and adults; adolescents usually gave more importance to mobility and self-care, and less to anxiety/depression. The rank-order of the dimension levels between adults and adolescents differs in all 3 countries. CONCLUSIONS Preferences toward EQ-5D-Y-3L states differ if estimated by adults taking the perspective of a child or by the adolescents themselves. Although it seems possible to obtain adolescents' preferences for inclusion in EQ-5D-Y-3L value sets, the desirability and acceptance of their preferences by researchers and decision makers need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marko Ogorevc
- Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simone Kreimeier
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristina Ludwig
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiner
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Rowen D, Keetharuth AD, Poku E, Wong R, Pennington B, Wailoo A. A Review of the Psychometric Performance of Selected Child and Adolescent Preference-Based Measures Used to Produce Utilities for Child and Adolescent Health. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2021; 24:443-460. [PMID: 33641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review examined the psychometric performance of 4 generic child- and adolescent-specific preference-based measures that can be used to produce utilities for child and adolescent health. METHODS A systematic search was undertaken to identify studies reporting the psychometric performance of the Child Health Utility (CHU9D), EQ-5D-Y (3L or 5L), and Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) or Mark 3 (HUI3) in children and/or adolescents. Data were extracted to assess known-group validity, convergent validity, responsiveness, reliability, acceptability, and feasibility. Data were extracted separately for the dimensions and utility index where this was reported. RESULTS The review included 76 studies (CHU9D n = 12, EQ-5D-Y-3L n = 20, HUI2 n = 26,HUI3 n = 43), which varied considerably across conditions and sample size. EQ-5D-Y-3L had the largest amount of evidence of good psychometric performance in proportion to the number of studies examining performance. The majority of the evidence related to EQ-5D-Y-3L was based on dimensions. CHU9D was assessed in fewer studies, but the majority of studies found evidence of good psychometric performance. Evidence for HUI2 and HUI3 was more mixed, but the studies were more limited in sample size and statistical power, which was likely to have affected performance. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity of published studies means that the evidence is based on studies across a range of countries, populations and conditions, using different study designs, different languages, different value sets and different statistical techniques. Evidence for CHU9D in particular is based on a limited number of studies. The findings raise concerns about the comparability of self-report and proxy-report responses to generate utility values for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Rowen
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK.
| | - Anju D Keetharuth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Edith Poku
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Becky Pennington
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Allan Wailoo
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
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12
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Rogers HJ, Gilchrist F, Marshman Z, Rodd HD, Rowen D. Selection and validation of a classification system for a child-centred preference-based measure of oral health-related quality of life specific to dental caries. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2020; 4:105. [PMID: 33296062 PMCID: PMC7726068 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC) is a child-centred caries-specific quality of life measure. This study aimed to select, and validate with children, a classification system for a paediatric condition-specific preference-based measure, based on CARIES-QC. Methods First, a provisional classification system for a preference-based measure based on CARIES-QC was identified using Rasch analysis, psychometric testing, involvement of children and parents, and the developer of CARIES-QC. Second, qualitative, semi-structured ‘think aloud’ validation interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of children with dental caries. The interviewer aimed to identify whether items were considered important and easily understood, whether any were overlapping and if any excluded items should be reintroduced. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis conducted. Results Rasch analysis identified poor item spread for the items ‘cross’ and ‘school’. Items relating to eating were correlated and the better performing items were considered for selection. Children expressed some confusion regarding the items ‘school’ and ‘food stuck’. Parent representatives thought that impacts surrounding toothbrushing (‘brushing’) were encompassed by the item ‘hurt’. Five items were selected from CARIES-QC for inclusion in the provisional classification system; ‘hurt’, ‘annoy’, ‘carefully’, ‘kept awake’ and ‘cried’. Validation interviews were conducted with 20 children aged 5–16 years old. Participants thought the questionnaire was straightforward and covered a range of impacts. Children thought an item about certain foods being ‘hard to eat’ was more relevant than one about having to eat more carefully because of their teeth and so the ‘carefully’ item was replaced with ‘hard to eat’. Conclusion Following child-centred modification, the preliminary five-item classification system is considered valid and suitable for use in a valuation survey. The innovative child-centred methods used to both identify and validate the classification system can be applied in the development of other preference-based measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41687-020-00268-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Rogers
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Fiona Gilchrist
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zoe Marshman
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen D Rodd
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Donna Rowen
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Howard K, Anderson K, Cunningham J, Cass A, Ratcliffe J, Whop LJ, Dickson M, Viney R, Mulhern B, Tong A, Garvey G. What Matters 2 Adults: a study protocol to develop a new preference-based wellbeing measure with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (WM2Adults). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1739. [PMID: 33203391 PMCID: PMC7672853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understandings of health and wellbeing are culturally bound. Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people perceive wellbeing and quality of life (QOL) differently from the Western biomedical models of health underpinning existing QOL instruments. Any instrument to measure the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be culturally appropriate and safe, include relevant dimensions, and be informed by their own values and preferences. Existing QOL instruments do not meet these standards. This study will generate a new preference-based wellbeing measure, WM2Adults, for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, underpinned by their values and preferences. METHODS A mixed methods approach will be used; we will employ decolonising methodologies, privilege Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices and perspectives, and adopt a strengths-based approach rather than a deficit lens. Yarning Circles will be conducted with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across Australia. A candidate item pool will be developed from these data, on which psychometric analysis and validity testing will be undertaken to develop a descriptive system. Following finalisation of the descriptive system, wellbeing states will be valued using a quantitative preference-based approach (best-worst scaling) with a diverse sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults (n = 1000). A multinomial (conditional) logit framework will be used to analyse responses and generate a scoring algorithm for the new preference-based WM2Adults measure. DISCUSSION The new wellbeing measure will have wide applicability in assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of new programs and services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Results will be disseminated through journals, conferences and policy forums, and will be shared with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, organisations and research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Howard
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kate Anderson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Joan Cunningham
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Alan Cass
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa J Whop
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michelle Dickson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosalie Viney
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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14
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Neilan AM, Bulteel AJB, Hosek SG, Foote JHA, Freedberg KA, Landovitz RJ, Walensky RP, Resch SC, Kazemian P, Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, Wilson CM, Ciaranello AL. Cost-effectiveness of frequent HIV screening among high-risk young men who have sex with men in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e1927-e1935. [PMID: 32730625 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of new HIV infections in the US, 20% occur among young men who have sex with men (YMSM, ages 13-24), but >50% of YMSM with HIV are unaware of their status. Using Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) data, we projected the clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of frequent HIV screening among high-risk YMSM from age 15. METHODS Using a mathematical simulation, we examined 3 screening strategies: Yearly, 6-monthly, and 3-monthly, each in addition to the Status quo (SQ, 0.7-10.3% screened/year, stratified by age). We used published data (YMSM-specific when available) including: HIV incidences (0.91-6.41/100PY); screen acceptance (80%), linkage-to-care/antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (76%), HIV transmission (0.3-86.1/100PY, by HIV RNA), monthly ART costs ($2,290-$3,780), and HIV per-screen costs ($38). Projected outcomes included CD4 count at diagnosis, primary HIV transmissions from ages 15-30, quality-adjusted life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, $/quality-adjusted life-year saved [QALY]; threshold ≤$100,000/QALY). RESULTS Compared to SQ, all strategies increased projected CD4 at diagnosis (296 to 477-515 cells/µL) and quality-adjusted life expectancy from age 15 (44.4 to 48.3-48.7 years) among YMSM acquiring HIV. Compared to SQ, all strategies increased discounted lifetime cost for the entire population ($170,800 to $178,100-$185,000/person). Screening 3-monthly was cost-effective (ICER: $4,500/QALY) compared to SQ and reduced primary transmissions through age 30 by 40%. Results were most sensitive to transmission rates; excluding the impact of transmissions, screening Yearly was ≤$100,000/QALY (ICER: $70,900/QALY). CONCLUSIONS For high-risk YMSM in the US, HIV screening 3-monthly compared to less frequent screening will improve clinical outcomes and be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Neilan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Julia H A Foote
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth A Freedberg
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Rochelle P Walensky
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen C Resch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Pooyan Kazemian
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Milton C Weinstein
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Craig M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL
| | - Andrea L Ciaranello
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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15
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Dalziel K, Catchpool M, García-Lorenzo B, Gorostiza I, Norman R, Rivero-Arias O. Feasibility, Validity and Differences in Adolescent and Adult EQ-5D-Y Health State Valuation in Australia and Spain: An Application of Best-Worst Scaling. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2020; 38:499-513. [PMID: 31974830 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-020-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement and valuation of health-related quality of life for and by young people are increasingly important, yet research on the impact of study perspective and validity of preferences obtained from young populations remains limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and validity of collecting EQ-5D Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) preferences from adolescents, adults, and adults from a child perspective. METHODS A profile case best-worst scaling (BWS) online survey was administered to representative Australian and Spanish adult (age ≥ 18 years) and child (age 11-17 years) samples. Adults were told to either answer from their own perspective or for a hypothetical 10-year-old child. Marginal best- and worst-choice frequencies, analysis of dominant choices, self-reported difficulty completing the tasks, and time to complete tasks were used to determine the validity of responses. RESULTS In Australia, 2134 adults and 1010 adolescents completed the survey. In Spain, 2007 adults and 1000 adolescents completed it. Analysis of marginal choice frequencies and dominant choices indicated that the pattern of responses between adolescents and adults was similar. For Australian respondents, having no mobility problems was rated as best by adolescents, while adults rated having no pain and discomfort as 'best'. In Spain, both adults and adolescents rated no pain or discomfort as 'best'. Australian adolescents rated very worried, sad or unhappy as 'worst', while Spanish adolescents, Spanish adults and Australian adults rated a lot of pain and discomfort as 'worst'. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest preferences from adolescents using direct BWS are valid. Our descriptive analysis also suggest that there are age-related and country-specific differences in elicitation values for the EQ-5D-Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dalziel
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Max Catchpool
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Borja García-Lorenzo
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inigo Gorostiza
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Richard Norman
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Rivero-Arias
- Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria (FUNCANIS), Tenerife, Spain.
- Health Services Research on Chronic Patients Network (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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16
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A two-step procedure to generate utilities for the Infant health-related Quality of life Instrument (IQI). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230852. [PMID: 32243445 PMCID: PMC7122817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because of a lack of preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments suitable for infants aged 0–12 months, we previously developed the Infant QoL Instrument (IQI). The present study aimed to generate an algorithm to estimate utilities for the IQI. Methods Via an online survey, respondents from the general population and primary caregivers from China-Hong Kong, the UK, and the USA were presented 10 discrete choice scenarios based on the IQI classification system. An additional sample of respondents from the general population were also asked if they considered the examined health states to be worse than death. Coefficients for the IQI item levels were obtained with a conditional logit model based on the responses of the primary caregivers for IQI states only. These coefficients were then normalized using the rank-ordered logit model based on the responses from the general population who assessed “death” as a choice option. In this way, the values were rescaled from full health (1.0) to death (0.0), and consequently, they became suitable for the computation of quality-adjusted life years. Results The total sample consisted of 1409 members of the general population and 1229 primary caregivers. Results indicated that, out of the 7 IQI items (“sleeping,” “feeding,” “breathing,” “stooling/poo,” “mood,” “skin,” and “interaction”), “breathing” had the highest impact on the HRQoL of infants. Moreover, except for “stooling,” all item levels were statistically significant. The general population sample considered none of the health states as worse than death. The utility value for the worst health state was 0.015 (State 4444444). Conclusions The IQI is the first generic instrument to assess overall HRQoL in 0–1-year-old infants by providing values and utilities. Using discrete choice experiments, we demonstrated that it is possible to derive utilities of infant health states. The next step will be to collect IQI values in a clinical population of infants and to compare these values with those of other instruments.
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17
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Rowen D, Rivero-Arias O, Devlin N, Ratcliffe J. Review of Valuation Methods of Preference-Based Measures of Health for Economic Evaluation in Child and Adolescent Populations: Where are We Now and Where are We Going? PHARMACOECONOMICS 2020; 38:325-340. [PMID: 31903522 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-019-00873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methods for measuring and valuing health benefits for economic evaluation and health technology assessment in adult populations are well developed. In contrast, methods for assessing interventions for child and adolescent populations lack detailed guidelines, particularly regarding the valuation of health and quality of life in these age groups. This paper critically examines the methodological considerations involved in the valuation of child- and adolescent-specific health-related quality of life by existing preference-based measures. It also describes the methodological choices made in the valuation of existing generic preference-based measures developed with and/or applied in child and adolescent populations: AHUM, AQoL-6D, CHU9D, EQ-5D-Y, HUI2, HUI3, QWB, 16D and 17D. The approaches used to value existing child- and adolescent-specific generic preference-based measures vary considerably. While the choice of whose preferences and which perspective to use is a matter of normative debate and ultimately for decision by reimbursement agencies and policy makers, greater research around these issues would be informative and would enrich these discussions. Research can also inform the other methodological choices required in the valuation of child and adolescent health states. Gaps in research evidence are identified around the impact of the child described in health state valuation exercises undertaken by adults, including the possibility of informed preferences; the appropriateness and acceptability of valuation tasks for adolescents, in particular tasks involving the state 'dead'; anchoring of adolescent preferences; and the generation and use of combined adult and adolescent preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Rowen
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Oliver Rivero-Arias
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nancy Devlin
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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18
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Petersen KD, Ratcliffe J, Chen G, Serles D, Frøsig CS, Olesen AV. The construct validity of the Child Health Utility 9D-DK instrument. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:187. [PMID: 31870369 PMCID: PMC6929354 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relative to their application with adults there is currently little information about the application of preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQL) instruments among populations of young people. The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) is a paediatric-specific generic preference-based HRQL instrument, recently translated and linguistically validated into Danish (CHU9D-DK). The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the CHU9D-DK in a sample of Danish high school students. Methods All students attending a Danish High School were invited to participate in a web-based survey in January 2018 (N = 272). The survey included the CHU9D-DK, the young adult version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL), self-reported health status, presence/absence of disability/chronic diseases, life satisfaction, and socio-economic questions. CHU9D-DK utility scores were generated by employing the two scoring algorithms developed from adults in the UK and adolescents in Australia, respectively. Internal consistency, reliability and construct validity of the CHU9D-DK instrument were investigated. Results Two hundred and twenty-eight (84%) students consented to participate and completed the survey. The mean ± (standard deviation) values of the CHU9D-DK utilities were 0.84 (0.11) when the UK adult algorithm was applied and 0.70 (0.22), when the Australian adolescent algorithm was applied. The mean PedsQL score was 82.32 (13.14). The CHU9D-DK showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.803). Higher levels of health status and life satisfaction were significantly associated with higher CHU9D-DK utility scores regardless of which scoring algorithm was applied (p-values < 0.001). Students living with a disability/chronic disease exhibited significantly lower utility scores relative to their healthy peers (p-values < 0.05). Higher socio-economic status (approximated by financial situation and frequency of family vacations) was also associated with higher utility scores (p-values < 0.005). Conclusion The CHU9D-DK demonstrated good psychometric performance overall and shows potential as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the HRQL of Danish young people. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03391999, Registered 15 October 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dam Petersen
- Department of Business and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 11, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark. .,Institute of Health Economics, Ternevej 31, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt North Wing (N206) GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, VIC, 3145, Australia
| | - Dorthe Serles
- Department of Business and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 11, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Vocational Colleges, Østre Boulevard 10, 9600 Aars, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Vingaard Olesen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Division of Transportation Engineering, Traffic Research Group, Aalborg University, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
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19
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Sciberras E, Efron D, Patel P, Mulraney M, Lee KJ, Mihalopoulos C, Engel L, Rapee RM, Anderson V, Nicholson JM, Schembri R, Hiscock H. Does the treatment of anxiety in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using cognitive behavioral therapy improve child and family outcomes? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:359. [PMID: 31722690 PMCID: PMC6854614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 60% of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) meet diagnostic criteria for at least one anxiety disorder, including Social, Generalized and/or Separation Disorder. Anxiety in children with ADHD has been shown to be associated with poorer child and family functioning. Small pilot studies suggest that treating anxiety in children with ADHD using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has promising benefits. In a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aim to investigate the efficacy of an existing CBT intervention adapted for children with ADHD and comorbid anxiety compared with usual care. METHODS This RCT is recruiting children aged 8-12 years (N = 228) from pediatrician practices in Victoria, Australia. Eligibility criteria include meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD and at least one anxiety disorder (Generalized, Separation or Social). Eligible children are randomized to receive a 10 session CBT intervention (Cool Kids) versus usual clinical care from their pediatrician. The intervention focuses on building child and parent skills and strategies to manage anxiety and associated impairments including cognitive restructuring and graded exposure. Minor adaptations have been made to the delivery of the intervention to meet the needs of children with ADHD including increased use of visual materials and breaks between activities. The primary outcome is change in the proportion of children meeting diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder at 5 months randomization. This will be assessed via diagnostic interview with the child's parent (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children V) conducted by a researcher blinded to intervention condition. Secondary outcomes include a range of child (e.g., anxiety symptoms, ADHD severity, behavior, quality of life, sleep, cognitive functioning, school attendance) and parent (e.g., mental health, parenting behaviors, work attendance) domains of functioning assessed at 5 and 12 months post-randomization. Outcomes will be analyzed using logistic and mixed effects regression. DISCUSSION The results from this study will provide evidence on whether treating comorbid anxiety in children with ADHD using a CBT approach leads to improvements in anxiety and/or broader functional outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN59518816 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN59518816). The trial was first registered 29/9/15 and last updated 15/1/19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia. .,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
| | - Daryl Efron
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Pooja Patel
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Melissa Mulraney
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Katherine J. Lee
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Cathy Mihalopoulos
- 0000 0001 0526 7079grid.1021.2School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic Australia
| | - Lidia Engel
- 0000 0001 0526 7079grid.1021.2School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic Australia
| | - Ronald M. Rapee
- 0000 0001 2158 5405grid.1004.5Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Jan M. Nicholson
- 0000 0001 2342 0938grid.1018.8Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic Australia
| | - Rachel Schembri
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- 0000 0000 9442 535Xgrid.1058.cMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic Australia ,0000 0004 0614 0346grid.416107.5The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic Australia
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20
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Bell L, Ullah S, Leslie E, Magarey A, Olds T, Ratcliffe J, Chen G, Miller M, Jones M, Cobiac L. Changes in weight status, quality of life and behaviours of South Australian primary school children: results from the Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle (OPAL) community intervention program. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1338. [PMID: 31640645 PMCID: PMC6805510 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern worldwide. Community-based obesity prevention interventions offer promise due to their focus on the broader social, cultural and environmental contexts rather than individual behaviour change and their potential for sustainability and scalability. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of a South Australian community-based, multi-setting, multi-strategy intervention, OPAL (Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle), in increasing healthy weight prevalence in 9 to 11-year-olds. Methods A quasi-experimental repeated cross-sectional design was employed. This paper reports on the anthropometric, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and behaviour outcomes of primary school children (9–11 years) after 2–3 years of intervention delivery. Consenting children from primary schools (20 intervention communities, INT; 20 matched comparison communities, COMP) completed self-report questionnaires on diet, activity and screen time behaviours. HRQoL was measured using the Child Health Utility 9D. Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score and weight status were determined from children’s measured height and weight. A multilevel mixed-effects model, accounting for clustering in schools, was implemented to determine intervention effect. Sequential Bonferroni adjustment was used to allow for multiple comparisons of the secondary outcomes. Results At baseline and final, respectively, 2611 and 1873 children completed questionnaires and 2353 and 1760 had anthropometric measures taken. The prevalence of children with healthy weight did not significantly change over time in INT (OR 1.11, 95%CI 0.92–1.35, p = 0.27) or COMP (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.68–1.06, p = 0.14). Although changes in the likelihood of obesity, BMI z-score and HRQoL favoured the INT group, the differences were not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. There were also no significant differences between groups at final for behavioural outcomes. Conclusions OPAL did not have a significant impact on the proportion of 9 to 11-year-olds in the healthy weight range, nor children’s BMI z-score, HRQoL and behaviours. Long-term, flexible community-based program evaluation approaches are required . Trial registration ACTRN12616000477426 (12th April 2016, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Bell
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Leslie
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Anthea Magarey
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health Economics Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Flinders University, Daws Park, South Australia, Australia.,Institute for Choice, UniSA Business School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Miller
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Michelle Jones
- OPAL (Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle), Public Health and Clinical Systems, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Social Work, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynne Cobiac
- Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Khadka J, Kwon J, Petrou S, Lancsar E, Ratcliffe J. Mind the (inter-rater) gap. An investigation of self-reported versus proxy-reported assessments in the derivation of childhood utility values for economic evaluation: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2019; 240:112543. [PMID: 31586777 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence surrounding utilities for health states, derived either directly from the application of preference-based valuation methods or indirectly from the application of preference-based quality of life instruments, is increasingly being utilised to inform the cost-effectiveness of child health interventions. Proxy (parent or health professional) assessments are common in this area. This study sought to investigate the degree of convergence in childhood utilities generated directly or indirectly within dyad child and proxy assessments. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search strategy conducted across six search engines (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, EconLit, CINAHL and Cochrane Library). Original peer-reviewed articles that reported utilities derived directly or indirectly using simultaneous dyad child and proxy assessments were extracted. Mean and median utilities, correlation coefficients and levels of agreement were extracted, catalogued and assessed. RESULTS A total of 35 studies that reported utilities for two or more respondent types were identified. Of these, 29 studies reported dyad childhood self-report and proxy utilities whilst six studies reported levels of agreement and/or correlations only without documenting overall utilities. Proxy assessment was most often conducted by parents with the HUI3 representing the most commonly applied instrument across a range of health conditions. The utilities derived from child and parent proxy assessment were bidirectional with parental proxies tending to underestimate and health professional proxies tending to overestimate relative to child self-reports. Inter-rater agreement between child self-reports and parent-proxy reports were poorer for more subjective attributes (cognition, emotion and pain), relative to physical attributes (mobility, self-care, speech, vision) of health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Childhood utilities derived from children or proxies are not interchangeable. The choice of self or proxy assessor may have potentially significant implications for economic evaluations of child health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Khadka
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Institute for Choice, Business School, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia; Registry of Senior Australians, Healthy Ageing Research Consortium, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emily Lancsar
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Health and Social Care Economics Group, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Ratcliffe J, Cameron I, Lancsar E, Walker R, Milte R, Hutchinson CL, Swaffer K, Parker S. Developing a new quality of life instrument with older people for economic evaluation in aged care: study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028647. [PMID: 31129602 PMCID: PMC6538028 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ageing of the population represents a significant challenge for aged care in Australia and in many other countries internationally. In an environment of increasing resource constraints, new methods, techniques and evaluative frameworks are needed to support resource allocation decisions that maximise the quality of life and well-being of older people. Economic evaluation offers a rigorous, systematical and transparent framework for measuring quality and efficiency, but there is currently no composite mechanism for incorporating older people's values into the measurement and valuation of quality of life for quality assessment and economic evaluation. In addition, to date relatively few economic evaluations have been conducted in aged care despite the large potential benefits associated with their application in this sector. This study will generate a new preference based older person-specific quality of life instrument designed for application in economic evaluation and co-created from its inception with older people. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A candidate descriptive system for the new instrument will be developed by synthesising the findings from a series of in-depth qualitative interviews with 40 older people currently in receipt of aged care services about the salient factors which make up their quality of life. The candidate descriptive system will be tested for construct validity, practicality and reliability with a new independent sample of older people (n=100). Quality of life state valuation tasks using best worst scaling (a form of discrete choice experiment) will then be undertaken with a representative sample of older people currently receiving aged care services across five Australian states (n=500). A multinomial (conditional) logistical framework will be used to analyse responses and generate a scoring algorithm for the new preference-based instrument. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The new quality of life instrument will have wide potential applicability in assessing the cost effectiveness of new service innovations and for quality assessment across the spectrum of ageing and aged care. Results will be disseminated in ageing, quality of life research and health economics journals and through professional conferences and policy forums. This study has been reviewed by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of South Australia and has ethics approval (Application ID: 201644).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ratcliffe
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Cameron
- Rehabilitation Studies Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Lancsar
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruth Walker
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Milte
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire Louise Hutchinson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Swaffer
- Dementia Alliance International, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart Parker
- Institute of Health and Society/Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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Neilan AM, Patel K, Agwu AL, Bassett IV, Amico KR, Crespi CM, Gaur AH, Horvath KJ, Powers KA, Rendina HJ, Hightow-Weidman LB, Li X, Naar S, Nachman S, Parsons JT, Simpson KN, Stanton BF, Freedberg KA, Bangs AC, Hudgens MG, Ciaranello AL. Model-Based Methods to Translate Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions Findings Into Policy Recommendations: Rationale and Protocol for a Modeling Core (ATN 161). JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e9898. [PMID: 30990464 PMCID: PMC6488956 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that approximately 60,000 US youth are living with HIV. US youth living with HIV (YLWH) have poorer outcomes compared with adults, including lower rates of diagnosis, engagement, retention, and virologic suppression. With Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) support, new trials of youth-centered interventions to improve retention in care and medication adherence among YLWH are underway. Objective This study aimed to use a computer simulation model, the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC)-Adolescent Model, to evaluate selected ongoing and forthcoming ATN interventions to improve viral load suppression among YLWH and to define the benchmarks for uptake, effectiveness, durability of effect, and cost that will make these interventions clinically beneficial and cost-effective. Methods This protocol, ATN 161, establishes the ATN Modeling Core. The Modeling Core leverages extensive data—already collected by successfully completed National Institutes of Health–supported studies—to develop novel approaches for modeling critical components of HIV disease and care in YLWH. As new data emerge from ongoing ATN trials during the award period about the effectiveness of novel interventions, the CEPAC-Adolescent simulation model will serve as a flexible tool to project their long-term clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. The Modeling Core will derive model input parameters and create a model structure that reflects key aspects of HIV acquisition, progression, and treatment in YLWH. The ATN Modeling Core Steering Committee, with guidance from ATN leadership and scientific experts, will select and prioritize specific model-based analyses as well as provide feedback on derivation of model input parameters and model assumptions. Project-specific teams will help frame research questions for model-based analyses as well as provide feedback regarding project-specific inputs, results, sensitivity analyses, and policy conclusions. Results This project was funded as of September 2017. Conclusions The ATN Modeling Core will provide critical information to guide the scale-up of ATN interventions and the translation of ATN data into policy recommendations for YLWH in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Neilan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kunjal Patel
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Allison L Agwu
- Departments of Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - K Rivet Amico
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aditya H Gaur
- St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Keith J Horvath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kimberly A Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa B Hightow-Weidman
- Institute for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sylvie Naar
- Center for Translational Behavioral Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sharon Nachman
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Parsons
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kit N Simpson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bonita F Stanton
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Kenneth A Freedberg
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Audrey C Bangs
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrea L Ciaranello
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Kreimeier S, Greiner W. EQ-5D-Y as a Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Children and Adolescents: The Instrument's Characteristics, Development, Current Use, and Challenges of Developing Its Value Set. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2019; 22:31-37. [PMID: 30661631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interest in the measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents has been increasing, and appropriate instruments are required for this target group. This article focuses on the EQ-5D-Y instrument, presenting an overview of its characteristics, development, and current use, and includes a discussion of methodological and conceptual issues related to the valuation of child health and the development of an EQ-5D-Y value set. METHODS This article brings together the experiences of the research team that developed and validated the EQ-5D-Y, supplemented by information derived from EQ-5D-Y study registrations on the EuroQol Group's website. RESULTS EQ-5D-Y is a child-specific and age-appropriate measure of HRQoL. Study registration data show that the instrument's use has steadily increased since its first publication. It has been used in various types of studies and in different disease areas. Currently there is no value set for EQ-5D-Y, and so its use in cost-utility analysis (CUA) is limited. There are methodological and conceptual issues that affect the design of valuation studies for child health. Issues that are discussed include the need for separate value sets for children and adolescents, the choice of appropriate reference samples and valuation techniques, and the framing of the tasks. CONCLUSIONS Research on EQ-5D-Y and its use has increased in the last years. Further research is required to clarify methodological issues regarding health state valuation in children and adolescents. This will support the development of a value set for EQ-5D-Y and the use of EQ-5D-Y in CUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kreimeier
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Faculty of Health Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Greiner
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Faculty of Health Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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25
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Petersen KD, Chen G, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Stevens K, Brazier J, Ratcliffe J. Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Populations: An Empirical Comparison of the CHU9D and the PedsQL TM 4.0 Short Form 15. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2018; 11:29-37. [PMID: 28681319 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-017-0265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct an empirical assessment of the measurement properties of the preference-based Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) versus the non-preference-based Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)™ 4.0 Short Form 15 Generic Core Scales (referred to as 'PedsQL') in an Australian community-based sample of adolescents. METHODS An online survey including the CHU9D, the PedsQL, a self-reported general health question, and socio-demographic questions was administered to adolescents (aged 15-17 years). Descriptive summary statistics and psychometric analyses were conducted to assess levels of agreement and convergent validity between the instruments. RESULTS A total of 775 adolescents (mean ± SD age 15.8 ± 0.8 years) completed the survey. The mean ± SD scores of the CHU9D and the PedsQL were 0.72 ± 0.22 and 72.86 ± 16.56, respectively. For both instruments, there were significant differences in health-related quality of life scores according to self-reported health status and socio-economic status. Overall, both the Spearman's correlation (r = 0.63) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.77) suggested a high level of agreement. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate good levels of agreement overall between the CHU9D and PedsQL and provide further support for the validity of the application of the CHU9D in the economic evaluation of adolescent health care treatment and service programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dam Petersen
- Department of Business and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, 15 Innovation Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Katherine Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Brazier
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia Business School, Adelaide, Australia
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26
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Chen G, Xu F, Huynh E, Wang Z, Stevens K, Ratcliffe J. Scoring the Child Health Utility 9D instrument: estimation of a Chinese child and adolescent-specific tariff. Qual Life Res 2018; 28:163-176. [PMID: 30374777 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To derive children and adolescents' preferences for health states defined by the Chinese version of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D-CHN) instrument in China that can be used to estimate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for economic evaluation. METHODS A profile case best-worst scaling (BWS) and a time trade-off (TTO) method were combined to derive a Chinese-specific tariff for the CHU9D-CHN. The BWS survey recruited students from primary and high schools using a multi-stage random sampling method and was administered in a classroom setting, whilst the TTO survey adopted an interviewer-administrated conventional TTO task and was administered to a convenience sample of undergraduate students. A latent class modelling framework was adopted for analysing the BWS data. RESULTS Two independent surveys were conducted in Nanjing, China, including a valid sample of 902 students (mean age 13 years) from the BWS survey and a valid sample of 38 students (mean age 18 years) from the TTO survey. The poolability of the best and the worst responses was rejected and the optimal result based on the best responses only. The optimal model suggests the existence of two latent classes. The BWS estimates were further re-anchored onto the QALY scale using the TTO generated health state values via a mapping approach. CONCLUSION This study provides further insights into the use of the BWS method to generate health state values with young people and highlights the potential different decision rules that young people may employ for determining best vs. worst choices in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Fei Xu
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Zizhulin, Nanjing, 210003, China. .,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Elisabeth Huynh
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2 Zizhulin, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Katherine Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Rowen D, Mulhern B, Stevens K, Vermaire JH. Estimating a Dutch Value Set for the Pediatric Preference-Based CHU9D Using a Discrete Choice Experiment with Duration. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2018; 21:1234-1242. [PMID: 30314625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article presents the development of the Dutch value set for the Child Health Utility 9D, a pediatric preference-based measure of quality of life that can be used to generate quality-adjusted life-years. METHODS A large online survey was conducted using a discrete choice experiment including a duration attribute with adult members of the Netherlands general population (N = 1276) who were representative in terms of age, gender, marital status, employment, education, and region. Respondents were asked which of two health states they prefer, where each health state was described using the nine dimensions of the Child Health Utility 9D (worried, sad, pain, tired, annoyed, school work/homework, sleep, daily routine, able to join in activities) and duration. The data were modeled using conditional logit with robust standard errors to produce utility values for every health state described by the Child Health Utility 9D. RESULTS The majority of the dimension level coefficients were monotonic, leading to a decrease in utility as severity increases. There was, however, evidence of some logical inconsistencies, particularly for the school work/homework dimension. The value set produced was based on the ordered model and ranges from -0.568 for the worst state to 1 for the best state. CONCLUSION The valuation of the Child Health Utility 9D using online discrete choice experiment with duration with adult members of the Dutch general population was feasible and produced a valid model for use in cost utility analysis. Normative questions are raised around the valuation of pediatric preference-based measures, including the appropriate perspective for imagining hypothetical pediatric health states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Rowen
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jan Hendrik Vermaire
- TNO Child Health, Oral Health Division, Leiden, The Netherlands; Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ratcliffe J, Huynh E, Chen G, Stevens K, Swait J, Brazier J, Sawyer M, Roberts R, Flynn T. Valuing the Child Health Utility 9D: Using profile case best worst scaling methods to develop a new adolescent specific scoring algorithm. Soc Sci Med 2016; 157:48-59. [PMID: 27060541 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the recent proliferation of studies incorporating ordinal methods to generate health state values from adults, to date relatively few studies have utilised ordinal methods to generate health state values from adolescents. This paper reports upon a study to apply profile case best worst scaling methods to derive a new adolescent specific scoring algorithm for the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D), a generic preference based instrument that has been specifically designed for the estimation of quality adjusted life years for the economic evaluation of health care treatment and preventive programs targeted at young people. A survey was developed for administration in an on-line format in which consenting community based Australian adolescents aged 11-17 years (N = 1982) indicated the best and worst features of a series of 10 health states derived from the CHU9D descriptive system. The data were analyzed using latent class conditional logit models to estimate values (part worth utilities) for each level of the nine attributes relating to the CHU9D. A marginal utility matrix was then estimated to generate an adolescent-specific scoring algorithm on the full health = 1 and dead = 0 scale required for the calculation of QALYs. It was evident that different decision processes were being used in the best and worst choices. Whilst respondents appeared readily able to choose 'best' attribute levels for the CHU9D health states, a large amount of random variability and indeed different decision rules were evident for the choice of 'worst' attribute levels, to the extent that the best and worst data should not be pooled from the statistical perspective. The optimal adolescent-specific scoring algorithm was therefore derived using data obtained from the best choices only. The study provides important insights into the use of profile case best worst scaling methods to generate health state values with adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ratcliffe
- Flinders Health Economics Group, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Elisabeth Huynh
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gang Chen
- Flinders Health Economics Group, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Stevens
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joffre Swait
- Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Brazier
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sawyer
- Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Terry Flynn
- TF Choices LTD and University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Chen G, Ratcliffe J. A Review of the Development and Application of Generic Multi-Attribute Utility Instruments for Paediatric Populations. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2015; 33:1013-28. [PMID: 25985933 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-015-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multi-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) are increasingly being used as a means of quantifying utility for the calculation of quality-adjusted life-years within the context of cost utility analysis. Traditionally, MAUIs have been developed and applied in adult populations. However, increasingly, researchers in health economics and other disciplines are recognising the importance of the measurement and valuation of health in both children and adolescents. Presently, there are nine generic MAUIs available internationally that have been used in paediatric populations: the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), the Health Utility Index Mark 2 (HUI2), the HUI3, the Sixteen-dimensional measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (16D), the Seventeen-dimensional measure of HRQoL (17D), the Assessment of Quality of Life 6-Dimension (AQoL-6D) Adolescent, the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D), the EQ-5D Youth version (EQ-5D-Y) and the Adolescent Health Utility Measure (AHUM). This paper critically reviews the development and application of the above nine MAUIs and discusses the specific challenges of health utility measurement in children and adolescents. Areas for further research relating to the development and application of generic MAUIs in paediatric populations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Flinders Health Economics Group, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Flinders Clinical Effectiveness, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
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