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Ghaedrahmati F, Akbari V, Seyedhosseini-Ghaheh H, Esmaeil N. Strong capacity of differentiated PD-L1 CAR-modified UCB-CD34 + cells and PD-L1 CAR-modified UCB-CD34 +-derived NK cells in killing target cells and restoration of the anti-tumor function of PD-1-high exhausted T Cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:257. [PMID: 39135206 PMCID: PMC11321137 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using natural killer (NK) cells to treat hematopoietic and solid tumors has great promise. Despite their availability from peripheral blood and cord blood, stem cell-derived NK cells provide an "off-the-shelf" solution. METHODS In this study, we developed two CAR-NK cells targeting PD-L1 derived from lentiviral transduction of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-CD34+ cells and UCB-CD34+-derived NK cells. The transduction efficiencies and in vitro cytotoxic functions including degranulation, cytokine production, and cancer cell necrosis of both resultants PD-L1 CAR-NK cells were tested in vitro on two different PD-L1 low and high-expressing solid tumor cell lines. RESULTS Differentiated CAR‑modified UCB-CD34+ cells exhibited enhanced transduction efficiency. The expression of anti-PD-L1 CAR significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the cytotoxicity of differentiated CAR‑modified UCB-CD34+ cells and CAR-modified UCB-CD34+-derived NK cells against PD-L1 high-expressing tumor cell line. In addition, CAR-modified UCB-CD34+-derived NK cells significantly (P < 0.05) restored the tumor-killing ability of exhausted PD-1 high T cells. CONCLUSION Considering the more efficient transduction in stem cells and the possibility of producing CAR-NK cell products with higher yields, this approach is recommended for studies in the field of CAR-NK cells. Also, a pre-clinical study is now necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these two CAR-NK cells individually and in combination with other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81744, Iran.
- Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Pooya Zist-Mabna Hakim Company, Poursina Hakim Institute, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Mashayekhi K, Khazaie K, Faubion WA, Kim GB. Biomaterial-enhanced treg cell immunotherapy: A promising approach for transplant medicine and autoimmune disease treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:269-298. [PMID: 38694761 PMCID: PMC11061617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for preserving tolerance in the body, rendering Treg immunotherapy a promising treatment option for both organ transplants and autoimmune diseases. Presently, organ transplant recipients must undergo lifelong immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection, while autoimmune disorders lack definitive cures. In the last years, there has been notable advancement in comprehending the biology of both antigen-specific and polyclonal Tregs. Clinical trials involving Tregs have demonstrated their safety and effectiveness. To maximize the efficacy of Treg immunotherapy, it is essential for these cells to migrate to specific target tissues, maintain stability within local organs, bolster their suppressive capabilities, and ensure their intended function's longevity. In pursuit of these goals, the utilization of biomaterials emerges as an attractive supportive strategy for Treg immunotherapy in addressing these challenges. As a result, the prospect of employing biomaterial-enhanced Treg immunotherapy holds tremendous promise as a treatment option for organ transplant recipients and individuals grappling with autoimmune diseases in the near future. This paper introduces strategies based on biomaterial-assisted Treg immunotherapy to enhance transplant medicine and autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - William A. Faubion
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gloria B. Kim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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3
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Berjis A, Muthumani D, Aguilar OA, Pomp O, Johnson O, Finck AV, Engel NW, Chen L, Plachta N, Scholler J, Lanier LL, June CH, Sheppard NC. Pretreatment with IL-15 and IL-18 rescues natural killer cells from granzyme B-mediated apoptosis after cryopreservation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3937. [PMID: 38729924 PMCID: PMC11087472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies are under assessment for treating various cancers, but cryopreservation reduces both the recovery and function of NK cells, thereby limiting their therapeutic feasibility. Using cryopreservation protocols optimized for T cells, here we find that ~75% of NK cells die within 24 h post-thaw, with the remaining cells displaying reduced cytotoxicity. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and confocal microscopy, we find that cryopreserved NK cells largely die via apoptosis initiated by leakage of granzyme B from cytotoxic vesicles. Pretreatment of NK cells with a combination of Interleukins-15 (IL-15) and IL-18 prior to cryopreservation improves NK cell recovery to ~90-100% and enables equal tumour control in a xenograft model of disseminated Raji cell lymphoma compared to non-cryopreserved NK cells. The mechanism of IL-15 and IL-18-induced protection incorporates two mechanisms: a transient reduction in intracellular granzyme B levels via degranulation, and the induction of antiapoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Berjis
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Deeksha Muthumani
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California; San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oz Pomp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Johnson
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda V Finck
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nils W Engel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, the Bioinformatic Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California; San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil C Sheppard
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Valentini CG, Pellegrino C, Teofili L. Pros and Cons of Cryopreserving Allogeneic Stem Cell Products. Cells 2024; 13:552. [PMID: 38534396 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitously changed the practice of transplanting fresh allografts. The safety measures adopted during the pandemic prompted the near-universal graft cryopreservation. However, the influence of cryopreserving allogeneic grafts on long-term transplant outcomes has emerged only in the most recent literature. In this review, the basic principles of cell cryopreservation are revised and the effects of cryopreservation on the different graft components are carefully reexamined. Finally, a literature revision on studies comparing transplant outcomes in patients receiving cryopreserved and fresh grafts is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Giovanna Valentini
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Teofili
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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5
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Tornacı S, Erginer M, Gökalsın B, Aysan A, Çetin M, Sadauki M, Fındıklı N, Genç S, Sesal C, Toksoy Öner E. Investigating the cryoprotective efficacy of fructans in mammalian cell systems via a structure-functional perspective. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121704. [PMID: 38220340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fructans have long been known with their role in protecting organisms against various stress factors due to their ability to induce controlled dehydration and support membrane stability. Considering the vital importance of such features in cryo-technologies, this study aimed to explore the cryoprotective efficacy of fructans in mammalian cell systems where structurally different fructan polymers were examined on in vitro cell models derived from organs such as the liver, frequently used in transplantation, osteoblast, and cord cells, commonly employed in cell banking, as well as human seminal fluids that are of vital importance in assisted reproductive technology. To gain insights into the fructan/membrane interplay, structural differences were linked to rheological properties as well as to lipid membrane interactions where both fluorescein leakage from unilamellar liposomes and membrane integrity of osteoblast cells were monitored. High survival rates obtained with human endothelial, osteoblast and liver cells for up to two months clearly showed that fructans could be considered as effective non-permeating cryoprotectants, especially for extended periods of cryopreservation. In trials with human seminal fluid, short chained levan in combination with human serum albumin and glycerol proved very effective in preserving semen samples across multiple patients without any morphological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selay Tornacı
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Erginer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış Gökalsın
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Aysan
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Metin Çetin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mubarak Sadauki
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Fındıklı
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey; Bahceci Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Genç
- Marmara University, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sesal
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB-Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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6
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Ding Y, Liu S, Liu J, Jin S, Wang J. Cryopreservation with DMSO affects the DNA integrity, apoptosis, cell cycle and function of human bone mesenchymal stem cells. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104847. [PMID: 38246511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation (CP) enables pooling and long-term banking of various types of cells, which is indispensable for the cell therapeutics. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is universally used as a cryoprotectant in basic and clinical research. Although, the use of DMSO has been under serious debate due to significant clinical side effects correlated with infusions of cellular therapy products containing DMSO, the effect of CP with DMSO on the cell properties and functions remains unknown. Here, we experimentally found that the CP of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with 10 % DMSO results 10-15 % of cells apoptosis upon immediate freeze-thaw, ca. 3.8 times of DNA damage/repair relative to the fresh ones after post-thaw cultured in 48 h, and cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 after post-thaw cultured in 24 h. Moreover, CP with 10 % DMSO significantly increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of the frozen-thawed MSCs which may be one of the causes impair cellular properties and functions. Indeed, we found that the differentiation and migration ability of post-thaw cultured hBMSCs decrease as the expression of adipogenic, osteogenic genes and F-actin reduces in the comparison with those of the fresh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shenglin Jin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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7
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Xu R, Shi X, Huang H, Tan WS, Cai H. Development of a Me 2SO-free cryopreservation medium and its long-term cryoprotection on the CAR-NK cells. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104835. [PMID: 38070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a crucial step in the supply process of off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cell products. Concerns have been raised over the clinical application of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) due to the potential for adverse reactions following infusion and limited cell-specific cytotoxic effects if misapplied. In this study, we developed a Me2SO-free cryopreservation medium specifically tailored for CAR-NK cells to address this limitation. The cryopreservation medium was formulated using human serum albumin (HSA) and glycerol as the base components. Following initial screening of seven clinically-compatible solutions, four with cryoprotective properties were identified. These were combined and optimized into a single formulation: IF-M. The viability, phenotype, and function of CAR-NK cells were evaluated after short-term and long-term cryopreservation to assess the effectiveness of IF-M, with Me2SO serving as the control group. The viability and recovery of CAR-NK cells in the IF-M group were significantly higher than those in the Me2SO group within 90 days of cryopreservation. Moreover, after 1 year of cryopreservation the cytotoxic capacity of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved with IF-M was comparable to that of fresh CAR-NK cells and significantly superior to that of CAR-NK cells cryopreserved in Me2SO. The CD107a expression intensity of CAR-NK cells in IF-M group was significantly higher than that of Me2SO group. No statistical differences were observed in other indicators under different cryopreservation times. These results underscore the robustness of IF-M as a suitable replacement for traditional Me2SO-based cryopreservation medium for the long-term cryopreservation and clinical application of off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Huimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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8
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Lee S, Joo Y, Lee EJ, Byeon Y, Kim JH, Pyo KH, Kim YS, Lim SM, Kilbride P, Iyer RK, Li M, French MC, Lee JY, Kang J, Byun H, Cho BC. Successful expansion and cryopreservation of human natural killer cell line NK-92 for clinical manufacturing. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294857. [PMID: 38394177 PMCID: PMC10889882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have recently shown renewed promise as therapeutic cells for use in treating hematologic cancer indications. Despite this promise, NK cell manufacturing workflows remain largely manual, open, and disconnected, and depend on feeders, as well as outdated unit operations or processes, often utilizing research-grade reagents. Successful scale-up of NK cells critically depends on the availability and performance of nutrient-rich expansion media and cryopreservation conditions that are conducive to high cell viability and recovery post-thaw. In this paper we used Cytiva hardware and media to expand the NK92 cell line in a model process that is suitable for GMP and clinical manufacturing of NK cells. We tested a range of cryopreservation factors including cooling rate, a range of DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants, ice nucleation, and cell density. Higher post-thaw recovery was seen in cryobags over cryovials cooled in identical conditions, and cooling rates of 1°C/min or 2°C/min optimal for cryopreservation in DMSO-containing and DMSO-free cryoprotectants respectively. Higher cell densities of 5x107 cells/ml gave higher post-thaw viability than those cryopreserved at either 1x106 or 5x106 cells/ml. This enabled us to automate, close and connect unit operations within the workflow while demonstrating superior expansion and cryopreservation of NK92 cells. Cellular outputs and performance were conducive to clinical dosing regimens, serving as a proof-of-concept for future clinical and commercial manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunjoo Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngseon Byeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peter Kilbride
- Global Life Sciences Solutions, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rohin K. Iyer
- Global Life Sciences Solutions USA LLC 100 Results Way, Marlborough, MA, United States of America
| | - Mingming Li
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Singapore Pte. Ltd., HarbourFront Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mandy C. French
- Global Life Sciences Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
| | - Jung-Yub Lee
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeheon Kang
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesin Byun
- Global Life Sciences Solutions Korea Limited 5F, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Dagher OK, Posey AD. Forks in the road for CAR T and CAR NK cell cancer therapies. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1994-2007. [PMID: 38012406 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has resulted in unprecedented long-term clearance of relapse/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult patients. However, severe toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, associated with CAR T cells affect therapeutic utility; and treatment efficacies for solid tumors are still not impressive. As a result, engineering strategies that modify other immune cell types, especially natural killer (NK) cells have arisen. Owing to both CAR-dependent and CAR-independent (innate immune-mediated) antitumor killing capacity, major histocompatibility complex-independent cytotoxicity, reduced risk of alloreactivity and lack of major CAR T cell toxicities, CAR NK cells constitute one of the promising next-generation CAR immune cells that are also amenable as 'off-the-shelf' therapeutics. In this Review, we compare CAR T and CAR NK cell therapies, with particular focus on immunological synapses, engineering strategies and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula K Dagher
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Bahsoun S, Brown MJ, Coopman K, Akam EC. Cryopreservation of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells at High Concentration Is Feasible. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:450-457. [PMID: 36094454 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: For stem cell therapies to be adopted in mainstream health care, robust, reliable, and cost-effective storage and transport processes must be developed. Cryopreservation remains the best current platform for this purpose, and freezing cells at high concentration may have many benefits, including savings on cost and storage space, facilitating transport logistics, and reducing cryoprotectant volume. Cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are typically frozen at 1 million cells per milliliter (mL), but the aim of this study is to examine the post-thaw attributes of human bone marrow derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) frozen at 1, 5, and 10 million cells per mL. Methods: Thawed cells were assessed for their morphology, phenotypic marker expression, viability, apoptosis level, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Results: In this study, for the first time, it is shown that all assessed cells expressed the typical MSC markers (CD90, CD105, and CD73) and lacked the expression of CD14, CD20, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. In addition, all cells showed elongated fibroblastic morphology. Post-thaw viability was retained with no difference among the three concentrations. Moreover, no significant statistical difference was observed in the post-thaw apoptosis level, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic potential, indicating that these cells are amenable to cryopreservation at higher concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study are of paramount importance to the development of manufacturing processes around a useful freezing concentration when cells are targeted to be stored for at least 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Juliet Brown
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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11
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Huang Z, Liu W, Ma T, Zhao H, He X, Liu B. Slow Cooling and Controlled Ice Nucleation Enabling the Cryopreservation of Human T Lymphocytes with Low-Concentration Extracellular Trehalose. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:417-426. [PMID: 36001824 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of human T lymphocytes has become a key strategy for supporting cell-based immunotherapy. However, the effects of ice seeding on the cryopreservation of cells under relatively slow cooling have not been well researched. The cryopreservation strategy with a nontoxic, single-ingredient, and injectable cryoprotective solution remains to be developed. We conducted ice seeding for the cells in a solution of normal saline with 1% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), 0.1 M trehalose, and 4% (w/v) human serum albumin (HSA) under different slow cooling rates. With the positive results, we further applied seeding in the solution of 0.2 M trehalose and 4% (w/v) HSA under the same cooling rates. The optimal concentration of trehalose in the Me2SO-free solutions was then investigated under the optimized cooling rate with seeding, with control groups without seeding, and in a freezing container. In vitro toxicity of the cryoprotective solutions to the cells was also tested. We found that the relative viability of cells (1% [v/v] Me2SO, 0.1 M trehalose and 4% [w/v] HSA) was improved significantly from 88.6% to 94.1% with ice seeding, compared with that without seeding (p < 0.05). The relative viability of cells (0.2 M trehalose and 4% [w/v] HSA) with seeding was significantly higher than that without seeding, 96.3% and 92.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). With no significant difference in relative viability between the solutions of 0.2 M trehalose or 0.3 M trehalose with 4% (w/v) HSA (92.4% and 94.6%, respectively, p > 0.05), the solution of 0.2 M trehalose and 4% (w/v) HSA was selected as the optimized Me2SO-free solution. This strategy could cryopreserve human T lymphocytes without any toxic cryoprotectant and boost the application of cell products in humans by intravenous injection, with the osmolality of the low-concentration cryoprotective solution close to that of human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Huang
- Institute of Bio-Thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Bio-Thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Xiaowen He
- Origincell Technology Group Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Institute of Bio-Thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Regenthal R, Abraham G. Dimethyl sulfoxide favors the emetic efficacy of lycorine in beagle dogs - a novel strategy for the treatment of poisoning. Res Vet Sci 2023; 160:11-17. [PMID: 37210872 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning in small animals represents an ongoing hazard and therapeutic problem in veterinary medicine. Therapeutic induction of emesis in time enables a fast elimination of a toxic compound resulting in a shortened course of poisoning and a higher safety level thereafter, which decisively improves prognosis and treatment. Lycorine is a reliable emetic drug in beagle dogs without serious side effects thought to be more beneficial in tolerability and efficacy than the rarely used apomorphine. Therefore, this study investigates efficacy and tolerability of differently composed potential drug formulations of lycorine hydrochloride for s.c. administration in dogs as an emetic principle. By emesis response analysis four dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) formulations were favored. Two of them (F5 and F6) qualified for further drug development. Both formulations ensure a safe pharmacologically induced emesis within about 30 min after injection, suitable for use as an in time decontaminant in acute poisoning of dogs. DMSO-based formulations were well tolerated and offer a novel promising strategy for treatment of poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Getu Abraham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Wu X, Qiu Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Polysaccharide-Derived Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors with a Modular Design: The Case of Dextran-Based Graft Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14097-14108. [PMID: 36342971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ice recrystallization inhibitors inspired from antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are receiving increasing interest for cryobiology and other extreme environment applications. Here, we present a modular strategy to develop polysaccharide-derived biomimetics, and detailed studies were performed in the case of dextran. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) which has been termed as one of the most potent biomimetics of AFPs was grafted onto dextran via thiol-ene click chemistry (Dex-g-PVA). This demonstrated that Dex-g-PVA is effective in IRI and its activity increases with the degree of polymerization (DP) (sizes of ice crystals were 18.846 ± 1.759 and 9.700 ± 1.920 μm with DPs of 30 and 80, respectively) and fraction of PVA. By means of the dynamic ice shaping (DIS) assay, Dex-g-PVA is found to engage on the ice crystal surfaces, thus the ice affinity accounts for their IRI activity. In addition, Dex- g-PVA displayed enhanced IRI activity compared to that of equivalent PVA alone. We speculate that the hydrophilic nature of dextran would derive PVA in a stretch conformation that favors ice binding. The modular design can not only offer polysaccharides IRI activity but also favor the ice-binding behavior of PVA.
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Lamers-Kok N, Panella D, Georgoudaki AM, Liu H, Özkazanc D, Kučerová L, Duru AD, Spanholtz J, Raimo M. Natural killer cells in clinical development as non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:164. [DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are unique immune effectors able to kill cancer cells by direct recognition of surface ligands, without prior sensitization. Allogeneic NK transfer is a highly valuable treatment option for cancer and has recently emerged with hundreds of clinical trials paving the way to finally achieve market authorization. Advantages of NK cell therapies include the use of allogenic cell sources, off-the-shelf availability, and no risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell therapies have reached the clinical stage as ex vivo expanded and differentiated non-engineered cells, as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered or CD16-engineered products, or as combination therapies with antibodies, priming agents, and other drugs. This review summarizes the recent clinical status of allogeneic NK cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, discussing the main characteristics of the different cell sources used for NK product development, their use in cell manufacturing processes, the engineering methods and strategies adopted for genetically modified products, and the chosen approaches for combination therapies. A comparative analysis between NK-based non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies is presented, examining the choices made by product developers regarding the NK cell source and the targeted tumor indications, for both solid and hematological cancers. Clinical trial outcomes are discussed and, when available, assessed in comparison with preclinical data. Regulatory challenges for product approval are reviewed, highlighting the lack of specificity of requirements and standardization between products. Additionally, the competitive landscape and business field is presented. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effort driven by biotech and pharmaceutical companies and by academic centers to bring NK cell therapies to pivotal clinical trial stages and to market authorization.
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Boafo GF, Magar KT, Ekpo MD, Qian W, Tan S, Chen C. The Role of Cryoprotective Agents in Liposome Stabilization and Preservation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012487. [PMID: 36293340 PMCID: PMC9603853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve liposomes’ usage as drug delivery vehicles, cryoprotectants can be utilized to prevent constituent leakage and liposome instability. Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) or cryoprotectants can protect liposomes from the mechanical stress of ice by vitrifying at a specific temperature, which forms a glassy matrix. The majority of studies on cryoprotectants demonstrate that as the concentration of the cryoprotectant is increased, the liposomal stability improves, resulting in decreased aggregation. The effectiveness of CPAs in maintaining liposome stability in the aqueous state essentially depends on a complex interaction between protectants and bilayer composition. Furthermore, different types of CPAs have distinct effective mechanisms of action; therefore, the combination of several cryoprotectants may be beneficial and novel attributed to the synergistic actions of the CPAs. In this review, we discuss the use of liposomes as drug delivery vehicles, phospholipid–CPA interactions, their thermotropic behavior during freezing, types of CPA and their mechanism for preventing leakage of drugs from liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kosheli Thapa Magar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Marlene Davis Ekpo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wang Qian
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (C.C.)
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Marcantonini G, Bartolini D, Zatini L, Costa S, Passerini M, Rende M, Luca G, Basta G, Murdolo G, Calafiore R, Galli F. Natural Cryoprotective and Cytoprotective Agents in Cryopreservation: A Focus on Melatonin. Molecules 2022; 27:3254. [PMID: 35630729 PMCID: PMC9145333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents (Cytoprotective Agents) are fundamental components of the cryopreservation process. This review presents the essentials of the cryopreservation process by examining its drawbacks and the role of cytoprotective agents in protecting cell physiology. Natural cryoprotective and cytoprotective agents, such as antifreeze proteins, sugars and natural deep eutectic systems, have been compared with synthetic ones, addressing their mechanisms of action and efficacy of protection. The final part of this article focuses melatonin, a hormonal substance with antioxidant properties, and its emerging role as a cytoprotective agent for somatic cells and gametes, including ovarian tissue, spermatozoa and spermatogonial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Marcantonini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (D.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (D.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Linda Zatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (D.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Stefania Costa
- Angelantoni Life Science S.r.l., 06056 Massa Martana, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human, Clinic and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.L.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.L.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.L.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (G.L.); (G.B.); (G.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient Vitamins Laboratory and Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (D.B.); (L.Z.)
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17
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Ruppel KE, Fricke S, Köhl U, Schmiedel D. Taking Lessons from CAR-T Cells and Going Beyond: Tailoring Design and Signaling for CAR-NK Cells in Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822298. [PMID: 35371071 PMCID: PMC8971283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies utilize the capabilities of the immune system to efficiently target malignant cells. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) equipped T cells showed promising results against B cell lymphomas. Autologous CAR-T cells require patient-specific manufacturing and thus extensive production facilities, resulting in high priced therapies. Along with potentially severe side effects, these are the major drawbacks of CAR-T cells therapies. Natural Killer (NK) cells pose an alternative for CAR equipped immune cells. Since NK cells can be safely transferred from healthy donors to cancer patients, they present a suitable platform for an allogeneic “off-the-shelf” immunotherapy. However, administration of activated NK cells in cancer therapy has until now shown poor anti-cancer responses, especially in solid tumors. Genetic modifications such as CARs promise to enhance recognition of tumor cells, thereby increasing anti-tumor effects and improving clinical efficacy. Although the cell biology of T and NK cells deviates in many aspects, the development of CAR-NK cells frequently follows within the footsteps of CAR-T cells, meaning that T cell technologies are simply adopted to NK cells. In this review, we underline the unique properties of NK cells and their potential in CAR therapies. First, we summarize the characteristics of NK cell biology with a focus on signaling, a fine-tuned interaction of activating and inhibitory receptors. We then discuss why tailored NK cell-specific CAR designs promise superior efficacy compared to designs developed for T cells. We summarize current findings and developments in the CAR-NK landscape: different CAR formats and modifications to optimize signaling, to target a broader pool of antigens or to increase in vivo persistence. Finally, we address challenges beyond NK cell engineering, including expansion and manufacturing, that need to be addressed to pave the way for CAR-NK therapies from the bench to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Eva Ruppel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Department for GMP Process Development & ATMP Design, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dominik Schmiedel,
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18
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Xue Y, Che J, Ji X, Li Y, Xie J, Chen X. Recent advances in biomaterial-boosted adoptive cell therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1766-1794. [PMID: 35170589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapies based on the transfer of functional immune cells hold great promise in treating a wide range of malignant diseases, especially cancers, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. However, manufacturing issues and biological barriers lead to the insufficient population of target-selective effector cells at diseased sites after adoptive transfer, hindering effective clinical translation. The convergence of immunology, cellular biology, and materials science lays a foundation for developing biomaterial-based engineering platforms to overcome these challenges. Biomaterials can be rationally designed to improve ex vivo immune cell expansion, expedite functional engineering, facilitate protective delivery of immune cells in situ, and navigate the infused cells in vivo. Herein, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest progress in biomaterial-based strategies to enhance the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy, focusing on function-specific biomaterial design, and also discusses the challenges and prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. .,Center for BioDelivery Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junyi Che
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuemei Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunuo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. .,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. .,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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