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Sahoo S, Samantaray M, Jena M, Gosu V, Bhuyan PP, Shin D, Pradhan B. In Vitro and in silico studies to explore potent antidiabetic inhibitor against human pancreatic alpha-amylase from the methanolic extract of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8089-8099. [PMID: 37561393 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2244592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Today's era and lifestyle have led to a quick rise in cases of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen to the top of the list of serious diseases and stems from different health disorders. Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) enzyme plays a critical role in the digestion of carbohydrates, and inhibitors of alpha-amylase have been investigated as a way to slow the absorption of carbohydrates and reduce postprandial (after meal) hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. Recently algal derivatives have been studied for their potential as a new drug against diabetes and other diseases. The study is aimed to find active biochemical compounds from the methanolic extract of Chlorella vulgaris. The in vitro studies were carried out and the results revealed that methanolic extract from C. vulgaris showed abundant inhibition efficacy of the α-amylase (IC50 of about 2.66 µg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 of about 2.85 µg/mL), a standard, commercial inhibitor. All the bioactive compounds from the methanolic extract were identified from the GCMS study and considered for in silico evaluation. Out of 14 bioactive compounds from GCMS, compound C3 showed higher docking energy (-8.3 kcal/mol) compared to other compounds. Subsequently, the comparative molecular dynamic simulation of apo and ligand-bound (compound C3 and acarbose) α-amylase complexes showed overall structural stability for compound C3 at the active site of α-amylase from various MD analyses. Hence, we believe, the bioactive compounds identified from GCMS may assist in diabetic therapeutics. Moreover, the compound C3 identified in this study could be a potential antidiabetic therapeutic inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthitaprajna Sahoo
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Samantaray
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, India
| | - Vijaykumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha, India
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, India
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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2
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Umumararungu T, Nkuranga JB, Habarurema G, Nyandwi JB, Mukazayire MJ, Mukiza J, Muganga R, Hahirwa I, Mpenda M, Katembezi AN, Olawode EO, Kayitare E, Kayumba PC. Recent developments in antimalarial drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 88-89:117339. [PMID: 37236020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although malaria remains a big burden to many countries that it threatens their socio-economic stability, particularly in the countries where malaria is endemic, there have been great efforts to eradicate this disease with both successes and failures. For example, there has been a great improvement in malaria prevention and treatment methods with a net reduction in infection and mortality rates. However, the disease remains a global threat in terms of the number of people affected because it is one of the infectious diseases that has the highest prevalence rate, especially in Africa where the deadly Plasmodium falciparum is still widely spread. Methods to fight malaria are being diversified, including the use of mosquito nets, the target candidate profiles (TCPs) and target product profiles (TPPs) of medicine for malarial venture (MMV) strategy, the search for newer and potent drugs that could reverse chloroquine resistance, and the use of adjuvants such as rosiglitazone and sevuparin. Although these adjuvants have no antiplasmodial activity, they can help to alleviate the effects which result from plasmodium invasion such as cytoadherence. The list of new antimalarial drugs under development is long, including the out of ordinary new drugs MMV048, CDRI-97/78 and INE963 from South Africa, India and Novartis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théoneste Umumararungu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
| | - Jean Bosco Nkuranga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Gratien Habarurema
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Jean Baptiste Nyandwi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Department of Mathematical Science and Physical Education, School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Raymond Muganga
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Innocent Hahirwa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Matabishi Mpenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Alain Nyirimigabo Katembezi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Nyarutarama Plaza, KG 9 Avenue, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Oladayo Olawode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N Miami Ave #1, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Egide Kayitare
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Pierre Claver Kayumba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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Aurich B, Apele‐Freimane D, Banaschewski T, Chouchana L, Day S, Kaguelidou F, Kelly LE, Kindblom JM, Neubert A, Wong ICK. c4c: Paediatric pharmacovigilance: Methodological considerations in research and development of medicines for children - A c4c expert group white paper. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:4997-5016. [PMID: 34699077 PMCID: PMC9788092 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Children frequently respond differently to therapies compared to adults. Differences also exist between paediatric age groups for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in both efficacy and safety. Paediatric pharmacovigilance requires an understanding of the unique aspects of children with regard to, for example, drug response, growth and development, clinical presentation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), how they can be detected and population-specific factors (e.g., more frequent use of off-label/unlicensed drugs). In recognition of these challenges, a group of experts has been formed in the context of the conect4children (c4c) project to support paediatric drug development. This expert group collaborated to develop methodological considerations for paediatric drug safety and pharmacovigilance throughout the life-cycle of medicinal products which are described in this article. These considerations include practical points to consider for the development of the paediatric section of the risk management plan (RMP), safety in paediatric protocol development, safety data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they describe the specific details of post-marketing pharmacovigilance in children using, for example, spontaneous reports, electronic health care records, registries and record-linkage, as well as the use of paediatric pharmacoepidemiology studies for risk characterisation. Next the details of the assessment of benefit-risk and challenges related to medicinal product formulation in the context of a Paediatric Investigation Plan (PIP) are presented. Finally, practical issues in paediatric signal detection and evaluation are included. This paper provides practical points to consider for paediatric pharmacovigilance throughout the life-cycle of medicinal products for RMPs, protocol development, safety data collection and analysis and PIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Aurich
- Department of PharmacologySaint‐Louis HospitalParisFrance
| | - Dina Apele‐Freimane
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Women and Child Health ClinicPauls Stradins Clinical University HospitalRigaLatvia
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany
| | - Laurent Chouchana
- Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, Department of PharmacologyCochin Hospital, APHP, Centre, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Simon Day
- Clinical Trials Consulting and Training LimitedNorth MarstonUK
| | - Florentia Kaguelidou
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, APHP, Robert Debré Hospital; Center of Clinical Investigations, INSERM CIC1426Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Lauren E. Kelly
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Jenny M. Kindblom
- Paediatric Clinical Research Center, Queen Silvia Children's HospitalSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Antje Neubert
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongChina,Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK
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Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, Saeed NK. Insulin-resistance in paediatric age: Its magnitude and implications. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:282-307. [PMID: 35582667 PMCID: PMC9052009 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is insulin failure in normal plasma levels to adequately stimulate glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues. IR is becoming more common in children and adolescents than before. There is a strong association between obesity in children and adolescents, IR, and the metabolic syndrome components. IR shows marked variation among different races, crucial to understanding the possible cardiovascular risk, specifically in high-risk races or ethnic groups. Genetic causes of IR include insulin receptor mutations, mutations that stimulate autoantibody production against insulin receptors, or mutations that induce the formation of abnormal glucose transporter 4 molecules or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 molecules; all induce abnormal energy pathways and end with the development of IR. The parallel increase of IR syndrome with the dramatic increase in the rate of obesity among children in the last few decades indicates the importance of environmental factors in increasing the rate of IR. Most patients with IR do not develop diabetes mellitus (DM) type-II. However, IR is a crucial risk factor to develop DM type-II in children. Diagnostic standards for IR in children are not yet established due to various causes. Direct measures of insulin sensitivity include the hyperinsulinemia euglycemic glucose clamp and the insulin-suppression test. Minimal model analysis of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test provide an indirect estimate of metabolic insulin sensitivity/resistance. The main aim of the treatment of IR in children is to prevent the progression of compensated IR to decompensated IR, enhance insulin sensitivity, and treat possible complications. There are three main lines for treatment: Lifestyle and behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. This review will discuss the magnitude, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of IR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
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Nakagawa A, Hirano D, Inage Y, Yamada S, Kotake Y, Ikoma N, Kumazawa K, Hayashi S, Tanabe Y, Kobayashi M, Shimizu M. Experience with enteral sulfonylurea monotherapy for extremely low birth weight infants with hyperglycemia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 31:225-233. [PMID: 36405438 PMCID: PMC9637416 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2022-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available on the effects of enteral sulfonylurea (SU) monotherapy in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) with hyperglycemia. Therefore, we report our experience
with enteral SU monotherapy for hyperglycemic ELBWIs. We retrospectively evaluated 11 hyperglycemic ELBWIs (seven male infants, median gestational age = 24.9 wk) who received SU between
January 2016 and December 2019. Blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored before and after SU initiation and evaluated for the occurrence of adverse effects. We administered SU at a median of
15 d (interquartile range [IQR]: 12–20 d) after birth, with the median maximum dose of 0.2 mg/kg/d (IQR: 0.125–0.3 mg/kg/d). Hyperglycemia improved in all patients, and the target BG levels
were achieved without severe side effects at a median of 6 d (IQR: 4–8.5 d) after initiation of treatment. The incidence of hypoglycemia during SU treatment was observed in 18 events per
1000 patient hours; however, the patients were asymptomatic. Based on these results, enteral SU monotherapy may be considered as an option for hyperglycemic ELBWIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Machida Municipal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Inage
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saya Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kotake
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ikoma
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shion Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Tanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimizu
- Division of Neonatology, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Vajravelu ME, Hitt TA, Amaral S, Levitt Katz LE, Lee JM, Kelly A. Real-world treatment escalation from metformin monotherapy in youth-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:861-871. [PMID: 33978986 PMCID: PMC8373808 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to high rates of comorbidities and rapid progression, youth with Type 2 diabetes may benefit from early and aggressive treatment. However, until 2019, the only approved medications for this population were metformin and insulin. OBJECTIVE To investigate patterns and predictors of treatment escalation within 5 years of metformin monotherapy initiation for youth with Type 2 diabetes in clinical practice. SUBJECTS Commercially-insured patients with incident youth-onset (10-18 years) Type 2 diabetes initially treated with metformin only. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using a patient-level medical claims database with data from 2000 to 2020. Frequency and order of treatment escalation to insulin and non-insulin antihyperglycemics were determined and categorized by age at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate potential predictors of treatment escalation, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbidities, complications, and metformin adherence (medication possession ratio ≥ 0.8). RESULTS The cohort included 829 (66% female; median age at diagnosis 15 years; 19% Hispanic, 17% Black) patients, with median 2.9 year follow-up after metformin initiation. One-quarter underwent treatment escalation (n = 207; 88 to insulin, 164 to non-insulin antihyperglycemic). Younger patients were more likely to have insulin prescribed prior to other antihyperglycemics. Age at diagnosis (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.21), medication adherence (HR 4.10, 95% CI 2.96-5.67), Hispanic ethnicity (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28-2.61), and diabetes-related complications (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15-2.74) were positively associated with treatment escalation. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, treatment escalation for pediatric Type 2 diabetes differs with age. Off-label use of non-insulin antihyperglycemics occurs, most commonly among older adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Vajravelu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Talia A. Hitt
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra Amaral
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine E. Levitt Katz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joyce M. Lee
- Susan B Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Renganathan S, Manokaran S, Vasanthakumar P, Singaravelu U, Kim PS, Kutzner A, Heese K. Phytochemical Profiling in Conjunction with In Vitro and In Silico Studies to Identify Human α-Amylase Inhibitors in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19045-19057. [PMID: 34337243 PMCID: PMC8320072 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive constituents from natural sources are of great interest as alternatives to synthetic compounds for the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In the present study, phytochemicals present in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit leaves were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and further examined by qualitative and quantitative methods. α-Amylase enzyme activity assays were performed and revealed that L. leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit leaf extract inhibited enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, with efficacy similar to that of the standard α-amylase inhibitor acarbose. To determine which phytochemicals were involved in α-amylase enzyme inhibition, in silico virtual screening of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties was performed and pharmacophore dynamics were assessed. We identified hexadecenoic acid and oleic acid ((Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid) as α-amylase inhibitors. The binding stability of α-amylase to those two fatty acids was confirmed in silico by molecular docking and a molecular dynamics simulation performed for 100 ns. Together, our findings indicate that L. leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit-derived hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid are natural product-based antidiabetic compounds that can potentially be used to manage diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Renganathan
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakthivel Manokaran
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vasanthakumar
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science
and Management, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Usha Singaravelu
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pok-Son Kim
- Department
of Mathematics, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Arne Kutzner
- Department
of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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8
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Sharma S, Suresh Ahire D, Prasad B. Utility of Quantitative Proteomics for Enhancing the Predictive Ability of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Across Disease States. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60 Suppl 1:S17-S35. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
| | - Deepak Suresh Ahire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington USA
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9
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Effects of metformin on epicardial adipose tissue and atrial electromechanical delay of obese children with insulin resistance. Cardiol Young 2020; 30:1429-1432. [PMID: 32713411 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120002103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is usually related to insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders. The relationship between insulin resistance and epicardial adipose tissue and atrial electromechanical delay has been described in previous studies. AIM This study aims to demonstrate the effects of metformin on epicardial adipose tissue and electromechanical delay in patients using metformin for insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients using metformin for insulin resistance were included in the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment epicardial adipose tissue and electromechanical delay were evaluated. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in epicardial adipose tissue thickness after 3 months of metformin therapy (6.4 ± 2.1 versus 4.7 ± 2.0; p = 0.008). Furthermore, the inter-atrial and intra-atrial electromechanical delay also significantly decreased after 3 months of metformin monotherapy (23.6 ± 8.2 versus 18.1 ± 5.8; p < 0.001, 9.1 ± 2.9 versus 6.3 ± 3.6; p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION In this study, we show that metformin monotherapy significantly decreases epicardial adipose tissue thickness and electromechanical delay in obese children.
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Barrett JS, Bucci-Rechtweg C, Amy Cheung SY, Gamalo-Siebers M, Haertter S, Karres J, Marquard J, Mulugeta Y, Ollivier C, Strougo A, Yanoff L, Yao L, Zeitler P. Pediatric Extrapolation in Type 2 Diabetes: Future Implications of a Workshop. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:29-39. [PMID: 32017043 PMCID: PMC7383960 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extrapolation from adults to youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is challenged by differences in disease progression and manifestation. This manuscript presents the results of a mock-team workshop focused on examining the typical team-based decision process used to propose a pediatric development plan for T2D addressing the viability of extrapolation. The workshop was held at the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (ASCPT) in Orlando, Florida on March 21, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Barrett
- Quantitative Sciences, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Bucci-Rechtweg
- Pediatric & Maternal Health Policy, Regulatory Affairs, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Sebastian Haertter
- Translational Med & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biberach, Germany
| | - Janina Karres
- Paediatric Medicines Office, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Marquard
- Global Clinical Development CardioMetabolism, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Yeruk Mulugeta
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ashley Strougo
- Translational Medicine, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Yanoff
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology Products, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lynne Yao
- Division of Pediatric and Maternal Health, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philip Zeitler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Gray SG, McGuire TM. Navigating off‐label and unlicensed medicines use in obstetric and paediatric clinical practice. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan G. Gray
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Treasure M. McGuire
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Mater Pharmacy Services Mater Health Services Brisbane Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Gold Coast Australia
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12
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Tagi VM, Giannini C, Chiarelli F. Insulin Resistance in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:342. [PMID: 31214120 PMCID: PMC6558106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition strongly associated with obesity. However, corticosteroids or growth hormone therapy and genetic diseases may affect insulin sensitivity lifelong. In obese children and adolescents of any age there is an evident association between IR and an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other elements contributing to the metabolic syndrome, leading to a higher cardiovascular risk. Therefore, early diagnosis and interventions in the attempt to prevent T2D when glycemia values are still normal is fundamental. The gold standard technique used to evaluate IR is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, however it is costly and difficult to perform in clinical and research sets. Therefore, several surrogate markers have been proposed. Although the treatment of insulin resistance in children is firstly targeted to lifestyle interventions, in selected cases the integration of a pharmacological intervention might be taken into consideration. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on IR in children, starting with an outline of the recent evidences about the congenital forms of deficiency in insulin functioning and therefore focusing on the physiopathology of IR, its appropriate measurement, consequences, treatment options and prevention strategies.
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Flôres DDRV, Augusto de Toni Sartori A, Antunes JB, Nunes Pinto A, Pletsch J, da Silva Dal Pizzol T. Drug information center: challenges of the research process to answer enquiries in hospital pharmaceutical practices. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2019; 25:262-266. [PMID: 31157037 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterise information requests (IRs) from hospitals received by a drug information center (DIC-RS) according to the resolution of the inquiries. Method The sample consisted of all requestors and their respective IRs registered in the DIC-RS database from January 2012 to December 2016. Request without information in the consulted literature (RWI) were categorised according to the institution of origin. IRs from hospitals were classified by the information source, topic and subtopic of the questions, and the number of drugs and the pharmacological or therapeutic group. Results A total of 2,500 IRs were analysed. Of those, 25% did not exhibit conclusive information in the consulted sources. RWI from hospitals represented 51% of all RWI, followed by those from community pharmacies (13%) and health centres (9%). Tertiary literature was the most commonly used source (73%) for IRs from hospitals. The greatest difficulties in finding information were related to off-label drug administration and indication issues (52% of RWI). The most common type of off-label use was related to changes in the original pharmaceutical form of the drug. Furthermore, 61% of RWI were directed at a specific drug, mostly systemic anti-infectives. Conclusion We found that a quarter of the answers did not exhibit conclusive information in the consulted sources. Answers to IRs from the hospital environment exhibited the greatest extent of limited information, and off-label use was responsible for most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Borges Antunes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmacia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Nunes Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmacia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Pletsch
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmacia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jia K, Wu Y, Ju J, Wang L, Shi L, Wu H, Jiang K, Dong J. The identification of gene signature and critical pathway associated with childhood-onset type 2 diabetes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6343. [PMID: 30755828 PMCID: PMC6368838 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, type 2 diabetes (T2D) usually occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. However, the incidence of childhood-onset T2D has increased all across the globe. Therefore, it is very important to determine the molecular and genetic mechanisms of childhood-onset T2D. In this study, the dataset GSE9006 was downloaded from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus database); it includes 24 healthy children, 43 children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 12 children with newly diagnosed T2D. These data were used for differentially expressed genes (DGEs) analysis and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We identified 192 up-regulated genes and 329 down-regulated genes by performing DEGs analysis. By performing WGGNA, we found that blue module (539 genes) was highly correlated to cyan module (97 genes). Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to figure out the functions and related pathways of genes, which were identified in the results of DEGs and WGCNA. Genes with conspicuous logFC and in the high correlated modules were input into GeneMANIA, which is a plugin of Cytoscape application. Thus, we constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (92 nodes and 254 pairs). Eventually, we analyzed the transcription factors and references related to genes with conspicuous logFC or high-degree genes, which were present in both the modules of WGCNA and PPI network. Current research shows that EGR1 and NAMPT can be used as marker genes for childhood-onset T2D. Gestational diabetes and chronic inflammation are risk factors that lead to the development of childhood-onset T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Jia
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingcheng Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Ju
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiancheng Dong
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Feng W, Liu Y, Fei F, Chen Y, Ding Y, Yan M, Feng Y, Zhao T, Mao G, Yang L, Wu X. Improvement of high-glucose and insulin resistance of chromium malate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity signaling pathways and its mechanism. RSC Adv 2019; 9:114-127. [PMID: 35521592 PMCID: PMC9059288 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous study has revealed that chromium malate could improve insulin resistance and the regulation of fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chromium malate on hypoglycemic and improve insulin resistance activities in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin resistance and investigate the acting mechanism. The result indicated that chromium malate exhibited direct hypoglycemic activity in vitro. Compared with the model group, chromium malate could significantly promote the expression levels of GLUT-4, Akt, Irs-1, PPARγ, PI3K and p38-MAPK and their mRNA, increase p-AKT/AKT level, AKT and AMPKβ1 phosphorylation and reduce Irs-1 phosphorylation and p-Irs-1/Irs-1 level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). Chromium malate is more effective in regulating the proteins and mRNA expressions than those of chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate. Compared to the model group, pretreatment with the specific p38-MAPK inhibitor completely inhibited the GLUT-4 and Irs-1 proteins and mRNA expressions induced by the chromium malate. In conclusion, chromium malate had a beneficial influence on improvement of controlling glucose levels and insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin resistance by regulating proteins productions and genes expressions in glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity signaling pathways. Chromium malate could increase the related protein and mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin resistant. Pretreatment with the inhibitor completely/partially inhibited the GLUT-4 and Irs-1 proteins and mRNA expression compared to model group.![]()
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Rondón-Ortiz AN, Lino Cardenas CL, Martínez-Málaga J, Gonzales-Urday AL, Gugnani KS, Böhlke M, Maher TJ, Pino-Figueroa AJ. High Concentrations of Rosiglitazone Reduce mRNA and Protein Levels of LRP1 in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:772. [PMID: 29201005 PMCID: PMC5696635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in the uptake of a variety of molecules, such as apoE, α2-macroglobulin, and the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), for either transcellular transport, protein trafficking or lysosomal degradation. The LRP1 gene can be transcribed upon activation of peroxisome proliferator receptor activated-γ (PPARγ) by the potent PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ). In previous studies, RGZ was shown to upregulate LRP1 levels in concentrations between 0.1 and 5 μM in HepG2 cells. In this study, we sought to replicate previous studies and to investigate the molecular mechanism by which high concentrations of RGZ reduce LRP1 levels in HepG2 cells. Our data confirmed that transcriptional activation of LRP1 occurred in response to RGZ at 3 and 10 μM, in agreement with the study reported by Moon et al. (2012a). On the other hand, we found that high concentrations of RGZ decreased both mRNA and protein levels of LRP1. Mechanistically, transcriptional dysregulation of LRP1 was affected by the downregulation of PPARγ in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. However, downregulation of PPARγ was responsible for only 40% of the LRP1 reduction and thereby the remaining loss of LRP1 (60%) was found to be through degradation in the lysosomal system. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the mechanisms by which high concentrations of RGZ caused LRP1 levels to be reduced in HepG2 cells. Taken together, this data will be helpful to better explain the pharmacological modulation of this pivotal membrane receptor by PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Scientific Consulting Group, BioMolecular-LC E.I.R.L, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Jimena Martínez-Málaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Ana L Gonzales-Urday
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Kuljeet S Gugnani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Böhlke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy J Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United States
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