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Alharbi AB, Berrou I, Umaru N, Al Hamid A, Shebl NA. Understanding factors influencing the implementation of medicine risk communications by healthcare professionals in clinical practice: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:86-98. [PMID: 37978010 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are known to cause hospitalisation, longer hospital stays, as well as higher healthcare costs and mortality. Unrecognised ADRs are anticipated throughout the medicine lifecycle as, before the medicine reaches the market, clinical trials are conducted for a short period on a limited number of people, who might underrepresent the actual population. After the medicine reaches the market, emergent information that could affect its benefit-to-risk balance is usually shared by regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies through medicine risk communications. Medicines risk communications aim to prevent harm to patients by targeting their behaviour, knowledge, and attitudes, as well as those of health care professionals (HCPs). Despite their important role in translating these communications into their clinical practice, HCPs do not always adhere to the recommendations provided in risk communications. Measurement of medicine risk communications' effectiveness does not necessarily guarantee their implementation, cost-effectiveness, or transferability in real-world situations. To enhance the impact of drug regulatory interventions, implementation science has been encouraged. However, implementation science was not previously used to identify factors affecting HCPs' implementation of medicines risk communications. A recently widely used framework is the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). In this systematic review, the TDF was employed to categorise a range of different factors that could affect HCPs' implementation of medicine risk communications within their clinical contexts. METHODS The search strategy involved a set of predefined search terms and fifteen databases, such as EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL PLUS. Searches were conducted from April to May 2018 and updated in June 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL PLUS. A second reviewer independently conducted the screening process of the initial search. The total number of records screened was 10,475. A study was included if it reported any factors influencing HCPs' uptake of medicine risk communications. Only studies with English or Arabic abstracts were included. Those studies that did not include pharmacovigilance-related medicine risk communications were excluded. Additionally, studies only assessing HCPs' practice or evaluating the effectiveness of risk minimisation measures were excluded. Likewise, studies related to occupational hazards, case reports, interventional studies, and studies not involving HCPs were excluded. In case the published information was insufficient to decide whether to include or exclude a study, the authors were contacted. Furthermore, the authors of seven eligible abstracts were contacted for full-text articles. The mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. All included studies were assessed by one reviewer, and a total of 16 studies were assessed by two reviewers independently. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Using thematic analysis and concept mapping, a narrative synthesis was performed, followed by a critical reflection on the synthesis process. This review presents the results of the concept mapping, which involved matching the identified factors to the TDF. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included. Eleven domains influenced HCPs' implementation of medicine risk communications. A large number of studies included factors related to the "Knowledge" domain (n = 23), followed by "Beliefs about Consequences" (n = 13), "Memory, Attention and Decision Processes" (n = 12) and "Environmental Context and Resources" domains (n = 12). Seven studies reported "social influences" and six studies included factors relating to "Goals", followed by four studies involving factors related to "Social/Professional Role and Identity". Underrepresented domains included "Emotion" (n = 2), "Beliefs about Capabilities" (n = 2), "Behavioural Regulation" (n = 1), and "Reinforcement" (n = 1). On the other hand, none of the identified factors were related to the "Skills", "Optimism", or "Intentions" domains. Except for "Beliefs about Consequences", most studies contributing to the other three most commonly reported domains ("Knowledge"; "Environmental Context and Resources"; and "Memory, Attention and Decision Processes") scored low (1 or 2 out of 5) on the MMAT quality assessment. Moreover, the same number of studies (n = 5) contributing to the "Beliefs about Consequences" domain had low (1 or 2 out of 5), and intermediate (3 out of 5) scores on the MMAT. CONCLUSION Medicines risk communications are important tools for disseminating information that may influence the benefit-to-risk balance of medicines. Even though HCPs are required to implement the recommendations of these communications, they do not always adhere to them. Using the TDF enabled the categorization of the range of factors that affect whether or not HCPs implement the recommendations provided in a medicine risk communication. However, most of these factors relate to four domains only ("Knowledge"; "Beliefs about Consequences"; "Memory, Attention and Decision Processes"; and "Environmental Context and Resources"). Additionally, most of the studies contributing to three of these four domains were of low quality. Future research should focus on using implementation science to identify target behaviours for actionable medicine risk communications. Regulators should use such science to develop cost-effective strategies for improving the implementation of medicines risk communication by HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilhem Berrou
- Faculty of Health & Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Nkiruka Umaru
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Abdullah Al Hamid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical PharmacyKing Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Atef Shebl
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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de Vries E, Bakker E, Monster TBM, Denig P, Mol PGM. Factors Influencing Preferences and Responses Towards Drug Safety Communications: A Conjoint Experiment Among Hospital-Based Healthcare Professionals in the Netherlands. Drug Saf 2022; 45:1369-1380. [PMID: 36107383 PMCID: PMC9560924 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Supplementary Information
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Panickar R, Aziz Z, Kamarulzaman A. Enhancing medication risk communication in developing countries: a cross-sectional survey among doctors and pharmacists in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1293. [PMID: 35788213 PMCID: PMC9253255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication risk communication is essential to ensure the safe use of medicines. However, very few nations worldwide have established effective risk communication systems. To date, the effectiveness of risk communication among healthcare professionals in Malaysia has never been evaluated. Our study aimed to (i) evaluate doctors' and pharmacists' awareness of regulatory risk communication methods; (ii) identify factors predicting the usefulness of these methods; and (iii) compare respondents' preferences for risk communication to outline suggestions for enhancement. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey covering four commonly used risk communications, namely a national drug bulletin, safety alerts, Direct Healthcare Professional Communication letters (DHPCs), and educational materials. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent variables and the usefulness of risk communication. We performed qualitative analysis of free-text responses to gain insights on respondents' perspectives on risk communication. RESULTS Of the 1146 responses received, 650 were from pharmacists (56.7%). Among the four methods surveyed, 71.5% of respondents were aware of educational materials, while awareness of the other three methods ranged from 20.7 to 53.9%. Pharmacists had higher awareness of all four methods compared to doctors. Private sector respondents were more aware of DHPCs compared to those from the public sector. The strongest predictors for finding risk communication useful were being a pharmacist [odds ratio (OR) = 18.2; 95% CI: 10.98-30.07; p < 0.001], having ≥30 years' work experience [OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.98-12.08; p < 0.001], and working in the pharmaceutical industry [OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.08-19.72; p = 0.039]. Both doctors and pharmacists preferred risk communication in the English-language and electronic format. However, other preferences differed between the professions and sectors. Analysis of free-text comments revealed five core themes to guide risk communication enhancement strategies. CONCLUSIONS Risk communication awareness differed between public and private sector doctors and pharmacists depending on communication source. Integrating our findings with the theory of effective communication, we provide suggestions for developing strategic plans on enhancing risk communication. Public-private sector collaboration is key in ensuring risk communication effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rema Panickar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Health, 46200 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Zoriah Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
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Factors influencing the uptake of medicine risk communications by healthcare professionals in clinical practice: A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 19:28-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schneiderova K, Bere N, Stenver DI, Straus SMJM. Patient Preferences for Rituximab Additional Risk Minimization Measures: Results From an International Online Survey. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:331-336. [PMID: 34608891 PMCID: PMC9162062 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients' opinions are essential in optimizing risk minimization measures (RMMs) because they bring their real-life experience of disease management and medicines' use into the regulatory assessments. The aim of the survey launched in 2018 by the European Medicines Agency, in collaboration with the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee, was to consult targeted patient groups treated with rituximab for nononcology indications to evaluate their preferences on how to receive information on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and (serious) infections. Additional RMMs such as educational materials for physicians and patients including a patient alert card (PAC) and a patient brochure (PB) are in place to minimize these risks. METHODS A question-based online survey in English created on the EU-Survey platform and disseminated primarily via relevant European patient organizations. RESULTS Most patients (47 of 61) had knowledge of these potential adverse effects. Mostly, they were informed by a healthcare professional. Both a PAC and a PB were supported as useful tools to raise awareness of these adverse effects and thus minimize the potential risks among patients. Where the participants had to choose only 1 of these educational materials, 43 of them preferred a PAC, a shorted description that is always held by the patient and reaches the relevant healthcare professional when needed. CONCLUSIONS Collecting patients' preferences supports periodic assessment of additional RMMs and increase transparency of regulatory processes. Considering the limitations of this initial survey, further investigation is needed to generalize the results into patients' safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Bere
- From the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Doris Irene Stenver
- From the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabine M. J. M. Straus
- From the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- College ter Beoordeling van Geneesmiddelen–Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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de Vries E, Bakker E, Francisca RDC, Croonen S, Denig P, Mol PGM. Handling of New Drug Safety Information in the Dutch Hospital Setting: A Mixed Methods Approach. Drug Saf 2022; 45:369-378. [PMID: 35349127 PMCID: PMC9021088 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The implementation of new drug safety information and Direct Healthcare Professional Communications (DHPCs) in hospitals is important for patient safety. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to gain insight into which procedures and practices are in place to handle new drug safety information and particularly DHPCs in the Dutch hospital setting. METHODS We first conducted focus groups including medical specialists and hospital pharmacists, focusing on handling of drug safety information at the individual and organisational level. A survey was then developed and distributed among hospital pharmacists in all Dutch hospitals to quantify the existence of specific procedures and committees to handle drug safety information and DHPCs. RESULTS Eleven specialists and 14 pharmacists from six hospitals participated in focus groups. Drug safety information was usually considered before drugs were included in formularies or treatment protocols. Furthermore, drug safety information was consulted in response to patients experiencing adverse events. DHPCs were mostly dealt with by individual professionals. DHPCs could lead to actions but this was very uncommon. Completed surveys were received from 40 (53%) of the hospitals. In 32 (80%), the hospital pharmacy had procedures to deal with new drug safety information, whereas in 11 (28%) a hospital-wide procedure was in place. Drug safety was considered in committees concerning drug formulary decisions (69%) and antibiotic policies (63%). DHPCs were assessed by a hospital pharmacist in 50% of the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Drug safety information was used for evaluation of new treatments and in response to adverse events. Assessment of whether a DHPC requires action was primarily an individual task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther de Vries
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bakker
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remy D C Francisca
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Croonen
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Denig
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G M Mol
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bhasale AL, Sarpatwari A, Lipworth W, Møllebaek M, McEwin EJ, Gautam N, Santiago OA, Mintzes BJ. Regulatory authority and clinical acceptability: Physicians' responses to regulatory drug safety warnings. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:713-722. [PMID: 34337777 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Medicines regulators issue post-market safety warnings to advise of newly uncovered risks, but with mixed impacts. We aimed to identify factors influencing the use of regulatory warnings by primary care and specialist physicians in the US and Australia. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 40 primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and other generalist specialists in Boston USA and Australia. Coding and analysis were carried out inductively and iteratively to identify and examine key factors. Analysis centred around four areas; physicians' awareness of drug safety information, preferred information sources, opinion-forming, and sharing of information with patients. RESULTS Uncertainty, trust, and clinical authority emerged as factors influencing use of advisories. Although regulators were trusted as authoritative institutions, they appeared to lack clinical authority, and physicians validated regulatory information against other trusted sources including evidence, expert opinion, and experience. Specialists became aware of drug safety issues through specialised literature, using evidence and clinical consensus to form opinions. Primary care physicians, fielding high volumes of information, relied on convenient, accessible information sources including the media and the 'clinical grapevine' for awareness, and on clinical colleagues, specialists, and experience for interpretation. Communicating risk to patients was complicated by uncertainty; physicians tailored information to patients' health literacy and information needs. US physicians were more aware of their national regulator's post-market safety role than Australian physicians of theirs. CONCLUSION Drug safety warnings may not be optimally received or used. Regulators should consider strategies that increase trust, clinical relevance, and accessibility, and address physicians' needs in communicating risk to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Bhasale
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Ameet Sarpatwari
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Wendy Lipworth
- Sydney Health Ethics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Mathias Møllebaek
- Centre for Regulatory Science, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eliza J McEwin
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Nileesa Gautam
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Ortiz A Santiago
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Barbara J Mintzes
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
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Design and Evaluation of a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program for Chinese Patent Medicine based on Knowledge Graph. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9970063. [PMID: 34326889 PMCID: PMC8310449 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9970063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chinese patent medicines are increasingly used clinically, and the prescription drug monitoring program is an effective tool to promote drug safety and maintain health. Methods We constructed a prescription drug monitoring program for Chinese patent medicines based on knowledge graphs. First, we extracted the key information of Chinese patent medicines, diseases, and symptoms from the domain-specific corpus by the information extraction. Second, based on the extracted entities and relationships, a knowledge graph was constructed to form a rule base for the monitoring of data. Then, the named entity recognition model extracted the key information from the electronic medical record to be monitored and matched the knowledge graph to realize the monitoring of the Chinese patent medicines in the prescription. Results Named entity recognition based on the pretrained model achieved an F1 value of 83.3% on the Chinese patent medicines dataset. On the basis of entity recognition technology and knowledge graph, we implemented a prescription drug monitoring program for Chinese patent medicines. The accuracy rate of combined medication monitoring of three or more drugs of the program increased from 68% to 86.4%. The accuracy rate of drug control monitoring increased from 70% to 97%. The response time for conflicting prescriptions with two drugs was shortened from 1.3S to 0.8S. The response time for conflicting prescriptions with three or more drugs was shortened from 5.2S to 1.4S. Conclusions The program constructed in this study can respond quickly and improve the efficiency of monitoring prescriptions. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of patients' medication.
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Alsaleh H, Alshammari TM. Direct healthcare professional communications: A quantitative assessment study. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00763. [PMID: 33929085 PMCID: PMC8085968 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective observational study evaluated the direct healthcare professional communication (DHPC) letters disseminated by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) and their compliance with the pharmacovigilance guidelines. The study was utilized all DHPC letters available on the SFDA website, which is intended to communicate drug safety information to healthcare professionals (HCPs). Then, the letters were evaluated based on DHPC letter requirements approved in the European Medicines Agency (EMA) pharmacovigilance guidelines. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing statistical analysis software (SAS® version 9.4). In June 2020, 169 letters were retrieved from the SFDA website. Most of the letters had the marketing authorization holder's logo (97%) and mentioned the date of letter issuance (98.8%). The most frequently discussed safety issues were hyperkalemia risk associated with combining renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) medications (10.6%) and cardiac risks (9%). Antineoplastic and immunosuppressant classes were associated with a majority of DHPC letters (15% for each category). A significant percentage of DHPC letters (10%) did not mention an agreement statement with SFDA, and 42 letters did not include marketing authorization holders (MAHs) contact information. The qualified persons responsible for pharmacovigilance and medical directors had signed most of the DHPC letters (51% and 46%, respectively). Many letters mentioned the details of reporting information to both SFDA and an MAH (82%). Moreover, 66% of the DHPC letters presented safety information within the 2-page limit. In conclusion, the DHPC letters disseminated by MAHs in Saudi Arabia have an acceptable level of compliance with the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alsaleh
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Butler D, Vucic K, Straus S, Cupelli A, Micallef B, Serracino-Inglott A, Borg JJ. Regulatory experience of handling Risk Management Plans (RMPs) for medicinal products in the EU. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:815-826. [PMID: 33843379 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1909569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Risk Management Plans (RMPs) aim to optimize a medicinal product's benefit/risk balance for the individual patient and the target population. Despite differences in regulatory RMP requirements between jurisdictions worldwide, their ultimate aim is to protect public health.Areas covered: The review presents findings of different RMP requirements by different regulatory authorities and additional risk minimization measures (issued between January 2010 and December 2018) indicate how RMPs and additional risk minimization measures translate into actions to protect public health within the European Union (EU) member states and worldwide. Areas covered also include the different International Council for Harmonization (ICH) regional requirements of RMPs by the different regulatory authorities as well as data regarding the number of RMP assessments carried out by the EMA, FDA and Japan, and number of safety communications issued in Malta (taken as an example of a typical small EU member state) and in the United States of America (USA).Expert opinion: The EU legislation adopted in 2010 required RMPs to be included in all new applications for medicinal products in the EU, both for EU centrally authorized and nationally authorized medicinal products. Lessons learnt by EU regulators during this process are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Butler
- Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta.,European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine Straus
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amelia Cupelli
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Micallef
- Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta.,European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Serracino-Inglott
- Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - John-Joseph Borg
- Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta.,European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Said A, Freudewald L, Parrau N, Ganso M, Schulz M. Pharmacists' perception of educational material to improve patient safety: A cross-sectional study on practices and awareness in Germany. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25144. [PMID: 33725997 PMCID: PMC7982216 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Educational material (EM) addresses particular safety information of medicinal products to healthcare professionals and patients. Since 2016, German national competent authorities label approved EM with a Blue Hand symbol. However, data is scarce regarding its usability as a safety communication tool in pharmacies to improve patient safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate for the first time pharmacists' awareness and perception of EM in the setting of community and hospital pharmacies in Germany.The Drug Commission of German Pharmacists surveyed its nationwide network of 677 community and 51 hospital reference pharmacies, to investigate their awareness and perception of EM. The survey was conducted between January 16 and February 10, 2020 using SurveyMonkey. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.A total of 373 community and 32 hospital pharmacists participated; response rates were 55.1% and 62.8%, respectively. Overall, 320 (85.8%) community and all hospital pharmacists confirmed awareness of EM. Community and hospital pharmacists fully (n = 172, 46.9% and n = 9, 28.1%) or rather (n = 109, 29.7% and n = 10, 31.3%) agreed that EM for healthcare professionals is suitable to reduce risks of medicinal products. Moreover, 237 (64.7%) community and 17 (53.1%) hospital pharmacists confirmed to inform patients or care facilities about EM. Asking pharmacists on their personal perception of EM, the refinement of readability and accessibility was indicated.Pharmacists confirm awareness of EM and its suitability as a safety communication tool. However, from a pharmacists' perspective, the applicability and readability of EM still needs further adjustment to improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Said
- Drug Commission of German Pharmacists (AMK), Heidestraße 7
| | | | - Natalie Parrau
- Drug Commission of German Pharmacists (AMK), Heidestraße 7
| | - Matthias Ganso
- Drug Commission of German Pharmacists (AMK), Heidestraße 7
| | - Martin Schulz
- Drug Commission of German Pharmacists (AMK), Heidestraße 7
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Han PY, Limenta M, Tan LLB, Ho CSC, Poh JWW. Are educational materials on medicinal products reaching out and useful to physicians? A survey of Singapore prescribers’ experiences and preferences. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105820978992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective benefit–risk communication to healthcare professionals plays a vital role in promoting the rational use of medicinal products. The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) of Singapore has implemented Physician Educational Materials (PEMs) and Patient Medication Guides (PMGs) as educational materials to support informed decision-making. To evaluate their effectiveness as a safety communication tool, we sought to understand prescribers’ experiences and preferences with these materials. Methods: Invitations to an online survey were emailed to 387 healthcare professionals who had recently purchased the 22 medicinal products with requirements for educational materials in Singapore (“Purchasers”). The survey scope included their experiences with the receipt and usage of the materials, and their preferences towards the types of content and distribution channels for these materials. Results: The survey invitation reached 367 purchasers, of which 89 (24%) responded, including 66 who indicated that they had prescribed the surveyed products (“Prescribers”). Although only 47% of prescribers recalled receiving the educational materials, the majority who had used them found them useful in their clinical practice. However, the PMG was used less frequently than the PEM (59% vs 96%), and there was a mismatch between current and preferred distribution methods (mostly hard copies vs electronic copies). Conclusions: Prescribers who had received educational materials generally perceived them as being useful in raising awareness on treatment-associated safety concerns. The publication of educational materials on the HSA website and encouraging more routine distribution of PMGs by prescribers may improve their accessibility and facilitate safety communication on medicinal products to healthcare professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phey-Yen Han
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Michael Limenta
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Liesbet Li-Bei Tan
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Christine Su-Ching Ho
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Jalene Wang-Woon Poh
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
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Bhasale AL, Sarpatwari A, De Bruin ML, Lexchin J, Lopert R, Bahri P, Mintzes BJ. Postmarket Safety Communication for Protection of Public Health: A Comparison of Regulatory Policy in Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:1424-1442. [PMID: 32767557 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the withdrawal of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug rofecoxib, regulators worldwide reconsidered their approach to postmarket safety. Many have since adopted a "life cycle" approach to regulation of medicines, facilitating faster approval of new medicines while planning for potential postmarket safety issues. A crucial aspect of postmarket safety is the effective and timely communication of emerging risk information using postmarket safety advisories, commonly issued as letters to healthcare professionals, drug safety bulletins, media alerts, and website announcements. Yet regulators differ in their use of postmarket safety advisories. We examined the capacity of regulators in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia to warn about postmarket safety issues through safety advisories by assessing their governance, legislative authority, risk communication capabilities, and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Bhasale
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ameet Sarpatwari
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL) Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie L De Bruin
- Copenhagen Center for Regulatory Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth Lopert
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priya Bahri
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam
| | - Barbara J Mintzes
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bhasale A, Mintzes B, Sarpatwari A. Communicating emerging risks of SGLT2 inhibitors-timeliness and transparency of medicine regulators. BMJ 2020; 369:m1107. [PMID: 32349976 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bhasale
- University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 6W75, The Hub, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Barbara Mintzes
- University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, 6W75, The Hub, Charles Perkins Centre D17, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ameet Sarpatwari
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Farcas A, Balcescu T, Anghel L, Bucsa C, Mogoșan C. A description of medicines-related safety issues evaluated through a referral procedure at the EU level after 2012. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:755-762. [PMID: 32186202 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1744561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Important drug safety issues are evaluated through a referral procedure in the EU by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) within the European Medicines Agency. We aim to describe all safety-related referrals assessed by the PRAC by June 2019. METHODS Publicly available data on safety issues assessed through referral procedures that reached a final decision during July 2012-June 2019 were identified, analyzed and classified according to predefined criteria. RESULTS Fifty-one safety issues were assessed by PRAC for 45 medicines/combinations/therapeutic classes during this timeframe. Referrals were initiated mostly by the European Commission (16) and France (8). Nine medicines were authorized in the last five years, the rest being well-established drugs. In four cases (flupirtine, hydroxyethyl-starch, valproate, codeine) PRAC re-assessed the same risks as previous recommendations have not been effective. Post-referral recommendations consisted of updates of the summary of product characteristics and package leaflet (42), Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (32), and other additional risk minimization measures (RMMs). Withdrawal was recommended for seven active substances. CONCLUSIONS PRAC recommended routine or additional RMMs for most referrals. Complete withdrawal of a drug or withdrawal of certain pharmaceutical forms or concentrations was advised only when the risk could not be managed by RMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Farcas
- Drug Information Research Center, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Balcescu
- Drug Information Research Center, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Anghel
- Drug Information Research Center, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Bucsa
- Drug Information Research Center, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Mogoșan
- Drug Information Research Center, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Madison T, Donner B, Mutter R, Mingrino R, Alvaro G. Effectiveness of Risk Minimization Measures to Prevent Pregnancy Exposure to Mycophenolate-Containing Medicines in Europe. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:395-406. [PMID: 31933233 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2015, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requested additional Risk Minimization Measures (RMM), consisting of a Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC), a Guide for Healthcare Professionals (HCPs), and a Guide for Patients, to prevent pregnancy exposure to mycophenolate-containing medicines. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effectiveness of the additional RMM for any mycophenolate-containing medicine among prescribers of these products in Europe. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among prescribers of mycophenolate-containing medicines in five European countries via the administration of 19 questions checking knowledge levels for the key messages included in the additional RMM. RESULTS Of 79,783 invitations sent to potential prescribers of mycophenolate-containing medicines, 295 HCPs accessed the survey, giving an overall response rate of 0.4% (range 0.1-8.6%). A total of 231 prescribers were included in the primary analysis. Knowledge levels for 15 questions was fair (50 to < 70%) to high (≥ 70%), and for 4 questions was poor (< 50%). Highest knowledge (≥ 75%) was for knowing that mycophenolate is contraindicated in women of childbearing potential not using highly effective contraception (80.3%) and that mycophenolate should not be routinely prescribed during pregnancy (77.5%). Lowest knowledge (≤ 30%) was for knowing that no specific mechanism of teratogenicity and mutagenicity has been identified for mycophenolate (23.4%). Less than half of HCPs reported receipt of the DHPC (42.5%) or were aware of the Guide for HCPs (32.1%) and Guide for Patients (29.7%). The most frequently reported primary source from which HCPs learned about these risks was the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC; 33.8%), while only 9.9% indicated the Guide for HCPs. CONCLUSION Prescribers who participated in this survey appear to be reasonably well informed about the key messages of the RMM put in place in Europe for mycophenolate-containing medicines. The relatively high knowledge levels, in spite of the low proportion of HCPs reporting receipt of the additional RMM, suggest that the SmPC may be sufficiently informing prescribers about the pregnancy risks of mycophenolate-containing medicines and actions recommended to minimize pregnancy risk. Nevertheless, Roche in consultation with EMA will continue to distribute all additional RMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Madison
- Scientific Medical Affairs, Mapi, an ICON plc company, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Barbara Donner
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Mutter
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Mingrino
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Alvaro
- Safety Risk Management, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Puil L, Lexchin J, Bero L, Mangin D, Hallgreen CE, Wong GWK, Mintzes B. The impact of post-market regulatory safety advisories on patients, prescribers, and the healthcare system. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorri Puil
- University of British Columbia; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; 2176 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Joel Lexchin
- York University; School of Health Policy and Management; 121 Walmer Rd Toronto ON Canada M5R 2X8
| | - Lisa Bero
- The University of Sydney; Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health; D17, 6th floor, Charles Perkins Centre, , The University of Sydney
- NSW
- 2006 Camperdown, Sydney NSW Australia 2006
| | - Dee Mangin
- McMaster University; Family Medicine; Hamilton Canada
| | - Christine E Hallgreen
- University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science (CORS), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Universitetsparken 2 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Gavin WK Wong
- University of British Columbia; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation; 828 West 10th Avenue Vancouver British Columbia Canada V5Z 1M9
| | - Barbara Mintzes
- The University of Sydney; Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health; D17, 6th floor, Charles Perkins Centre, , The University of Sydney
- NSW
- 2006 Camperdown, Sydney NSW Australia 2006
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Weatherburn CJ, Guthrie B, Dreischulte T, Morales DR. Impact of medicines regulatory risk communications in the UK on prescribing and clinical outcomes: Systematic review, time series analysis and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 86:698-710. [PMID: 31465123 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Regulatory risk communications are important to ensure medication safety, but their impact is poorly understood. The aim was to quantify the impact of UK risk communications on medication use and other outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting prescribing/health outcome data relevant to UK regulatory risk communication. Data were reanalysed using interrupted time series regression 12 months after each regulatory intervention. Mean changes were pooled using random-effects generic inverse variance examining the following subgroups: drug withdrawals; restrictions/changes in indications; be aware messages without specific recommendations for action; communication via direct healthcare practitioner communications; communication via drug bulletins. RESULTS Of 11 466 articles screened, 40 studies examining 25 UK regulatory risk communications were included. Product withdrawals, restriction in indications and be aware communications were associated with relative mean changes of -78% (95% confidence interval [CI] -60 to -96%), -34% (95% confidence interval [CI] -12 to -55%) and -11% (95%CI -8 to -15%) in targeted drug prescribing respectively. Direct healthcare professional communications were associated with relative mean changes of -47% (95%CI -27 to -68%) compared to -13% (95%CI -6 to -20%) for drug bulletins. Of 7 studies examining unique health outcomes related to the safety concern, risk communications were associated with a mean -10% (95%CI -3 to -16%) decrease in intended and a 7% (95%CI 4 to 10%) increase in unintended health outcomes. DISCUSSION UK regulatory risk communications were associated with significant changes in targeted prescribing and potential changes in clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to systematically study the impact of regulatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Guthrie
- General Practice, Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tobias Dreischulte
- Clinical Health Services Research, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel R Morales
- Discovery Fellow and General Practitioner, Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, UK
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Boskovic A, Møllebæk M, Kaae S. Preparation of Direct Healthcare Professional Communication: An Exploratory Study on the Experiences and Perceptions of European Pharmaceutical Companies and the EMA. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2019:2168479019871041. [PMID: 31510799 DOI: 10.1177/2168479019871041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the regulatory requirement for cooperation between marketing authorization holders (MAHs) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in the direct healthcare professional communication (DHPC) preparation, no literature has explored DHPCs from an industry-regulator perspective. This constitutes a significant knowledge gap as any possibility of improving current DHPC effectiveness depends on decisions in the cooperative preparation phase. Thus, this EU-centered study explores differences in perceptions and experiences of DHPCs of European MAHs and EMA. METHODS European MAHs (n = 6) and EMA representatives (n = 2) were interviewed. The verbatim transcripts were coded into themes using NVivo software. Interview analysis was performed following a phenomenological approach of meaning condensation. RESULTS The DHPC process was perceived as burdensome by the industry. One company stated the process was time-consuming either due to EMA's internal lengthy approval process or the translation activities with local company affiliates and national competent authorities. Three companies stated that DHPCs were not effective. One company stated that DHPCs are sent out due to legal obligations and not because of their use as a risk minimization measure (RMM). Newly emerged safety concerns were found difficult to phrase. Optimization proposals included improved timelines, scrutinization of healthcare professionals and better communication tools in clinical practice. CONCLUSION DHPCs were not perceived as optimal, although the most effective intervention as it targets healthcare professionals directly. Continuous evaluation by EMA of DHPCs and evaluation on how to reach healthcare professionals are necessary. It is believed that industry perceptions from this study can support EMA with improved regulatory decision making to benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnela Boskovic
- Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Møllebæk
- Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Kaae
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ehlken B, Toussi M, Samad A, Kaplan S, Domahidy M, de Voogd H, Böhmert S, Silveira Ramos R, Arora D. A drug utilization study to evaluate effectiveness of risk minimization measures for trimetazidine in France, Hungary, Romania and Spain. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:400-408. [PMID: 30659627 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The approved indication for trimetazidine (TMZ) was restricted to "add-on therapy for the symptomatic treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled by or intolerant to first-line antianginal therapies" in 2012 by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). TMZ was no longer indicated for ophthalmology and otolaryngology (ENT) indications. This drug utilization study analysed actual utilization of TMZ before and after the restriction on its indications to evaluate the effectiveness of risk minimization measures (RMM). METHODS This was a multi-national, cross-sectional, non-interventional drug utilization study using European databases: IMS Prescribing Insights (PI) for France and Spain, National Diagnostic Index (NDI) for Romania and National Prescription Audit (NPA) for Hungary. TMZ prescriptions issued by Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) specialists, ophthalmologists, cardiologists and General Physicians (GPs)/others were analysed during the 24-month period before (reference period) and after RMM implementation (assessment period). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the assessment period, most of the TMZ prescriptions for ENT and ophthalmology indications (un-authorized indications) were made by GPs/others followed by ENT specialists, ophthalmologists and cardiologists in most of the countries. The proportion of TMZ prescriptions for ENT or ophthalmological indications after the restrictions on indication was reduced in Hungary (by 0.4%) and Spain (by 11.8%), remained the same in Romania and increased in France (by 3.7%). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This study showed that a significant proportion of TMZ prescriptions was off-label for ENT or ophthalmological indications following the RMM implementation. More effective RMM strategies are required to reduce off-label prescriptions of TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massoud Toussi
- IQVIA (formerly QuintilesIMS RWI), Courbevoie La Défense, France
| | - Abdus Samad
- Drug Safety and Risk Management, Lupin Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Sigal Kaplan
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries LTD, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Deepa Arora
- Drug Safety and Risk Management, Lupin Limited, Mumbai, India
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Workshop on the Italian Pharmacovigilance System in the International Context: Critical Issues and Perspectives. Drug Saf 2018; 42:683-687. [PMID: 30565019 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Radecka A, Loughlin L, Foy M, de Ferraz Guimaraes MV, Sarinic VM, Di Giusti MD, Lesicar M, Straus S, Montero D, Pallos J, Ivanovic J, Raine J. Enhancing Pharmacovigilance Capabilities in the EU Regulatory Network: The SCOPE Joint Action. Drug Saf 2018; 41:1285-1302. [PMID: 30128638 PMCID: PMC6223699 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In November 2013, a team of European regulators initiated the Strengthening Collaboration for Operating Pharmacovigilance in Europe (SCOPE) Joint Action. Funded by the Health Programme of the European Union, and with contributions from the involved Member States, SCOPE gathered information and expertise on how regulators in Member States run their national pharmacovigilance systems to meet the requirements of the pharmacovigilance legislation that came into effect in June 2012. The SCOPE project evaluated then-current practices and developed tools to further improve the skills and capability in the pharmacovigilance network. The project was divided into eight separate work streams, five of which concentrated on pharmacovigilance topics-collecting information on suspected adverse drug reactions, identifying and managing safety issues (signals), communicating risk and assessing risk minimisation measures, supported by effective quality management systems. The other three work streams focused on the functional aspects-coordination, communication and evaluation of the project. Through the project, SCOPE delivered guidance, training in key aspects of pharmacovigilance, and tools and templates to support best practice. The deliverables provide practical guidance that those working in the European national competent authorities can take to strengthen their national systems. The SCOPE outputs can be useful for other stakeholders involved in pharmacovigilance activities, including the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare professionals, patient and consumer organisations, and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Radecka
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK.
| | - Louise Loughlin
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | - Mick Foy
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Marina Lesicar
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sabine Straus
- Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Montero
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pallos
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (OGYÉI), Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - June Raine
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), London, UK
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Safety Communication Tools and Healthcare Professionals' Awareness of Specific Drug Safety Issues in Europe: A Survey Study. Drug Saf 2018; 41:713-724. [PMID: 29500798 PMCID: PMC5990574 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction National competent authorities (NCAs) use Direct Healthcare Professional Communications (DHPCs) to communicate new drug safety issues to healthcare professionals (HCPs). More knowledge is needed about the effectiveness of DHPCs and the extent to which they raise awareness of new safety issues among HCPs. Objective The objective was to assess and compare general practitioners’ (GPs’), cardiologists’, and pharmacists’ familiarity with DHPCs as communication tools, their awareness of specific drug safety issues, and the sources through which they had become aware of the specific issues. Methods GPs, cardiologists, and pharmacists from nine European countries (Croatia, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) completed a web-based survey. The survey was conducted in the context of the Strengthening Collaboration for Operating Pharmacovigilance in Europe (SCOPE) Joint Action. Respondents were asked about their familiarity with DHPCs in general and their awareness of safety issues that had recently been communicated and involved the following drugs: combined hormonal contraceptives, diclofenac, valproate, and ivabradine. Those HCPs who were aware of the specific safety issues were subsequently asked to indicate the source through which they had become aware of them. Differences between professions in familiarity with DHPCs and awareness were tested using a Pearson χ2 test per country and post hoc Pearson χ2 tests in the case of statistically significant differences. Results Of the 3288 included respondents, 54% were GPs, 40% were pharmacists, and 7% were cardiologists. The number of respondents ranged from 67 in Denmark to 916 in Spain. Most respondents (92%) were familiar with DHPCs, with one significant difference between the professions: pharmacists were more familiar than GPs in Italy (99 vs 90%, P = 0.004). GPs’ awareness ranged from 96% for the diclofenac issue to 70% for the ivabradine issue. A similar pattern was shown for pharmacists (91% aware of the diclofenac issue to 66% of the ivabradine issue). Cardiologists’ awareness ranged from 91% for the ivabradine issue to 34% for the valproate issue. Overall, DHPCs were a common source through which GPs (range: 45% of those aware of the contraceptives issue to 60% of those aware of the valproate issue), cardiologists (range: 33% for the contraceptives issue to 61% for the valproate issue), and pharmacists (range: 41% for the contraceptives issue to 51% for the ivabradine issue) had become aware of the specific safety issues, followed by information on websites or in newsletters. Conclusions GPs, cardiologists, and pharmacists were to a similar extent (highly) familiar with DHPCs, but they differed in awareness levels of specific safety issues. Cardiologists were less aware of safety issues associated with non-cardiology drugs even if these had cardiovascular safety concerns. This implies that additional strategies may be needed to reach specialists when communicating safety issues regarding drugs outside their therapeutic area but with risks related to their field of specialisation. DHPCs were an important source for the different professions to become aware of specific safety issues, but other sources were also often used. NCAs should consider the use of a range of sources when communicating important safety issues to HCPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40264-018-0643-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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von Bredow D, Toussi M, Samad A, Kaplan S, Domahidy M, de Voogd H, Böhmert S, Ramos RS, Arora D. Evaluation of the effectiveness of risk minimization measures for trimetazidine: A cross sectional joint PASS survey among physicians in selected European countries. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:1385-1392. [PMID: 30379361 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2012, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) restricted prescription of trimetazidine (TMZ) to "add-on therapy for patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled by or intolerant to first-line therapies." TMZ was no longer indicated for ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Risk minimization measure (RMM) was communicated to physicians. The survey presented here evaluated effectiveness of the RMM and assessed physicians knowledge and compliance with RMM. It also analyzed actual prescribing pattern of TMZ. METHODS A cross sectional, web-based survey was developed and conducted among prescribing physicians of TMZ across 12 European countries. Physicians' samples were weighted to account for the actual proportion of specialties within and across countries. RESULTS Using weighted samples, data from 1123 physicians and 8332 prescriptions were analyzed. Most (74.0%) of the physicians assumed stable angina pectoris to be an indication for TMZ. Three quarter of (75.7%) of these physicians were aware of the approved indication. Vertigo (62.1%), tinnitus (42.5%), declined visual acuity, and visual field disturbances (45.1%) were also presumed to be approved indications for TMZ, and physicians actually prescribed for these indications. Only 29.8% of the physicians remembered receiving RMM communications regarding TMZ. Most (90.5%) of the physicians expressed their interest to know and comply with the safety communications. Of all prescriptions, 33.9% were issued for add-on therapy for patients with stable angina pectoris. CONCLUSIONS RMM for TMZ prescription have been moderately effective. Improvement in physician's compliance with safety information of TMZ is necessary for patient's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea von Bredow
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, IQVIA (formerly QuintilesIMS RWI), Courbevoie La Défense, France
| | - Massoud Toussi
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, IQVIA (formerly QuintilesIMS RWI), Courbevoie La Défense, France
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Lupin Limited, Kalpataru Inspire, Mumbai, India
| | - Sigal Kaplan
- Department of Patient Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries LTD, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Mónika Domahidy
- Department of Clinical Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hanka de Voogd
- Department of Clinical Vaccines & Anti-Infectives, Mylan EPD, Amstelveen, Netherlands
| | - Stella Böhmert
- Department of Post-marketing Studies, Sandoz International GmbH, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | - Rita Silveira Ramos
- Department of Scientific Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Generis Farmacêutica, S.A., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Deepa Arora
- Department of Drug Safety and Risk Management, Lupin Limited, Kalpataru Inspire, Mumbai, India
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Prescribing Variation in General Practices in England Following a Direct Healthcare Professional Communication on Mirabegron. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100320. [PMID: 30282903 PMCID: PMC6210595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacovigilance may detect safety issues after marketing of medications, and this can result in regulatory action such as direct healthcare professional communications (DHPC). DHPC can be effective in changing prescribing behaviour, however the extent to which prescribers vary in their response to DHPC is unknown. This study aims to explore changes in prescribing and prescribing variation among general practitioner (GP) practices following a DHPC on the safety of mirabegron, a medication to treat overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: This is an interrupted time series study of English GP practices from 2014–2017. National Health Service (NHS) Digital provided monthly statistics on aggregate practice-level prescribing and practice characteristics (practice staff and registered patient profiles, Quality and Outcomes Framework indicators, and deprivation of the practice area). The primary outcome was monthly mirabegron prescriptions as a percentage of all OAB drug prescriptions and we assessed the change following a DHPC issued by the European Medicines Agency in September 2015. The DHPC stated mirabegron use was contraindicated with severe uncontrolled hypertension and cautioned with hypertension. Variation between practices in mirabegron prescribing before and after the DHPC was assessed using the systematic component of variation (SCV). Multilevel segmented regression with random effects quantified the change in level and trend of prescribing after the DHPC. Practice characteristics were assessed for their association with a reduction in prescribing following the DHPC. Results: This study included 7408 practices. During September 2015, 88.9% of practices prescribed mirabegron and mirabegron comprised a mean of 8.2% (SD 6.8) of OAB prescriptions. Variation between practices was classified as very high and the median SCV did not change significantly (p = 0.11) in the six months after the September 2015 DHPC (12.4) compared to before (11.6). Before the DHPC, the share of mirabegron over all OAB drug prescriptions increased by 0.294 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.287, 0.301) percentage points per month. There was no significant change in the month immediately after the DHPC (−0.023, 95% CI −0.105 to 0.058), however there was a significant reduction in trend (−0.036, 95% CI −0.049 to −0.023). Higher numbers of registered patients, patients aged ≥65 years, and practice area deprivation were associated with having a significant decrease in level and slope of mirabegron prescribing post-DHPC. Conclusion: Variation in mirabegron prescribing was high over the study period and did not change substantively following the DHPC. There was no immediate prescribing change post-DHPC, although the monthly growth did slow. Knowledge of the degree of variation in and determinants of response to safety communications may allow those that do not change prescribing habits to be provided with additional support.
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Farcaş A, Măhălean A, Bulik NB, Leucuta D, Mogoșan C. New safety signals assessed by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee at EU level in 2014-2017. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:1045-1051. [PMID: 30269618 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1526676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety monitoring of all drugs throughout their entire life cycle is mandatory in order to protect the public health. Our objective was to describe all new safety signals assessed at EU level by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). METHODS Publicly available data on signals assessment from PRAC meeting minutes for the period January 2014-November 2017 were analyzed and classified. RESULTS A total of 239 new signals for 194 drugs/drug combinations/therapeutic classes were evaluated by PRAC. A total of 154 signals were triggered by spontaneous reporting, 31 by literature case reports, and 26 by observational studies. In 188 signals, the drugs involved were authorized for more than 5 years. The drug classes for which most signals were detected were antineoplastic/immunomodulators (n = 75), anti-infectives (n = 34), and drugs acting on the nervous system (n = 27). Signals were triggered for drug interactions (n = 15), in utero exposure (n = 7), medication errors (n = 6), and for different disorders, among which the skin/subcutaneous tissue disorders were more common. PRAC recommendations consisted in label updates (n = 86), in Direct Healthcare Professional Communications (n = 17), and in eight recommendations for a more complex evaluation through referral procedures. CONCLUSIONS Most new signals assessed were triggered by spontaneous reporting and led to routine risk minimization measures, such as updating the product information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farcaş
- a Drug Information Research Center , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Andreea Măhălean
- a Drug Information Research Center , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Noémi Beátrix Bulik
- a Drug Information Research Center , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Daniel Leucuta
- b Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Cristina Mogoșan
- a Drug Information Research Center , "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Salgueiro E, Gurruchaga C, Jimeno FJ, Martínez-Múgica C, Martín Arias LH, Manso G. What can we learn from the public's understanding of drug information and safety? A population survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2018; 27:96-104. [PMID: 29770980 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to analyse the perceptions of the public on medicine information and safety and on consumer reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR). METHODS A voluntary survey was conducted in a population ≥18 years of age in Asturias, a region in northern Spain. The survey was designed to be completed in a face-to-face street interview or completed independently by the public. The survey consisted of structured questions organised in four sections: (1) demographic data, (2) use of medicines, (3) reading and understanding of the patient information leaflet (PIL) and (4) awareness and perception about consumer reporting of ADR. KEY FINDINGS A total of 402 surveys were given and analysed; 295 were completed independently and 107 were completed in street interviews. Of the population surveyed, 82.3% had taken some drug(s) in the previous 3 months, although only 62.4% had performed so by medical prescription. A quarter of respondents claimed that they never read the PIL of medicines, 12.7% that they sometimes read it, and 61.4% that they always read this information. A high percentage (82.8%) of respondents reported that they were not aware of consumer reporting of ADR, and 86.1% stated their agreement with this option. CONCLUSIONS The public has great interest in useful information about all aspects involved in the use of medicines. This includes consumer reporting of suspected ADR, which is still unknown to many people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Salgueiro
- Departamento de Medicina, Área de Farmacología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Gurruchaga
- Departamento de Medicina, Área de Farmacología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Jimeno
- Departamento de Medicina, Área de Farmacología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Luis H Martín Arias
- Centro de Estudios sobre la Seguridad de los Medicamentos (CESME), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gloria Manso
- Departamento de Medicina, Área de Farmacología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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