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Chen Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Yin Q, Chen XD, Wu WD. Micro-fluidic Spray Freeze Dried Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride-Embedded Dry Powder for Inhalation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:211. [PMID: 35915199 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)-embedded dry powder for inhalation (AeDPI) is highly desirable for pulmonary delivery of high-dose drug. Herein, a series of spray freeze-dried (SFD) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH)-embedded dry powders were fabricated via a self-designed micro-fluidic spray freeze tower (MFSFT) capable of tuning freezing temperature of cooling air as the refrigerant medium. The effects of total solid content (TSC), mass ratio of CH to L-leucine (Leu) as the aerosol dispersion enhancer, and the freezing temperature on particle morphology, size, density, moisture content, crystal properties, flowability, and aerodynamic performance were investigated. It was found that the Leu content and freezing temperature had considerable influence on the fine particle fraction (FPF) of the SFD microparticles. The optimal formulation (CH/Leu = 7:3, TSC = 2%w/w) prepared at - 40°C exhibited remarkable effective drug deposition (~ 33.38%), good aerodynamic performance (~ 47.69% FPF), and excellent storage stability with ultralow hygroscopicity (~ 1.93%). This work demonstrated the promising feasibility of using the MFSFT instead of conventional liquid nitrogen assisted method in the research and development of high-dose AeDPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yan
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Yin
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Winston Duo Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Anderson S, Atkins P, Bäckman P, Cipolla D, Clark A, Daviskas E, Disse B, Entcheva-Dimitrov P, Fuller R, Gonda I, Lundbäck H, Olsson B, Weers J. Inhaled Medicines: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:48-118. [PMID: 34987088 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize essential pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects in the field of orally inhaled therapies that may help scientists seeking to develop new products. After general comments on the rationale for inhaled therapies for respiratory disease, the focus is on products approved approximately over the last half a century. The organization of these sections reflects the key pharmacological categories. Products for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include β -2 receptor agonists, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, glucocorticosteroids, and cromones as well as their combinations. The antiviral and antibacterial inhaled products to treat respiratory tract infections are then presented. Two "mucoactive" products-dornase α and mannitol, which are both approved for patients with cystic fibrosis-are reviewed. These are followed by sections on inhaled prostacyclins for pulmonary arterial hypertension and the challenging field of aerosol surfactant inhalation delivery, especially for prematurely born infants on ventilation support. The approved products for systemic delivery via the lungs for diseases of the central nervous system and insulin for diabetes are also discussed. New technologies for drug delivery by inhalation are analyzed, with the emphasis on those that would likely yield significant improvements over the technologies in current use or would expand the range of drugs and diseases treatable by this route of administration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review of the key aspects of approved orally inhaled drug products for a variety of respiratory diseases and for systemic administration should be helpful in making judicious decisions about the development of new or improved inhaled drugs. These aspects include the choices of the active ingredients, formulations, delivery systems suitable for the target patient populations, and, to some extent, meaningful safety and efficacy endpoints in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Paul Atkins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Per Bäckman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - David Cipolla
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Andrew Clark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Evangelia Daviskas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Bernd Disse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Plamena Entcheva-Dimitrov
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Rick Fuller
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Igor Gonda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Hans Lundbäck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Bo Olsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
| | - Jeffry Weers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (S.A.); Inhaled Delivery Solutions LLC, Durham, North Carolina (P.A.); Emmace Consulting AB Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden (P.B., H.L., B.O.); Insmed Inc., Bridgewater, New Jersey (D.C.); Aerogen Pharma Corporation, San Mateo, California (A.C.); Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia (E.D.); Drug Development, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Consulting, Mainz, Germany (B.D.); Preferred Regulatory Consulting, San Mateo, California (P.E-.D.); Clayton, CA (R.F.); Respidex LLC, Dennis, Massachusetts (I.G.); and cystetic Medicines, Inc., Burlingame, California (J.W.)
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Cacabelos R, Carrera I, Martínez O, Alejo R, Fernández-Novoa L, Cacabelos P, Corzo L, Rodríguez S, Alcaraz M, Nebril L, Tellado I, Cacabelos N, Pego R, Naidoo V, Carril JC. Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2841-2886. [PMID: 34106485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atremorine is a novel bioproduct obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer with powerful effects on the neuronal dopaminergic system, acting as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 97% of PD patients respond to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration. This response is gender-, time-, dose-, and genotype-dependent, with optimal doses ranging from 5 to 20 g/day, depending upon disease severity and concomitant medication. Drug-free patients show an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti-PD drugs show an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effects of conventional anti-PD drugs. Atremorine also influences the levels of other neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hormones which are regulated by DA (e.g., prolactin, PRL), with no effect on serotonin or histamine. The variability in Atremorine-induced DA response is highly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic (SNCA, NUCKS1, ITGA8, GPNMB, GCH1, BCKDK, APOE, LRRK2, ACMSD), mechanistic (DRD2), metabolic (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pleiotropic genes (APOE) influence the DA response to Atremorine and its psychomotor and brain effects. Atremorine enhances DNA methylation and displays epigenetic activity via modulation of the pharmacoepigenetic network. Atremorine is a novel neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with potential prophylactic and therapeutic activity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- Department of Medical Epigenetics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Cacabelos
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Lola Corzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Margarita Alcaraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Laura Nebril
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Tellado
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- Department of Medical Documentation, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Rocío Pego
- Department of Neuropsychology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Neuroscience, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Juan C Carril
- Department of Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
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