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Mallise C, Wall L, Paolucci F, Davies K, La Hera Fuentes G, Wilson J, Tickner C, Kay-Lambkin F, Heinsch M. Virtual Service Delivery in Mental Health and Substance Use Care: A Systematic Review of Preference Elicitation Studies. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01350-y. [PMID: 39269570 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Mental health and substance use disorders affect the lives of many people worldwide. Prevention and treatment of these conditions is important for optimal health and wellbeing, yet service access barriers are common. Virtual models of care may help to reduce barriers to receiving care. However, to facilitate uptake and use of virtual services, they need to appeal to patients and clinicians. This systematic review aimed to synthesise preference elicitation studies to determine what features of virtual mental health and substance use care are preferred by service users and service providers. Following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and ProQuest Central for all available studies from database inception until May 2023. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria. However, none examined preferences for elements of different models of virtual care. Across the included studies, we identified 41 unique features that mapped to four themes of mental health and substance use care ('service', 'treatment', 'clinician' and 'additional supports'). Participant preferences were for individual, in-person, effective, flexible, and low-cost treatment. These preferences varied based on demographic factors, such as culture, gender, and participant type (e.g., patients, clinicians, general population). A user-centred approach should be adopted when designing and implementing mental health and substance use services. While preferences for features of mental health and substance use services more broadly are known, preferences for different models of virtual care remain unexplored. Future research should examine what features of virtual services would lead to optimal uptake and use across different users and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Mallise
- Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter New England Population Health, Longworth Avenue, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia.
| | - Laura Wall
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Department of Sociology and Business Law, University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, 40126, Italy
| | - Kate Davies
- Homelessness NSW, Woolloomooloo, NSW, 2011, Australia
- School of Humanities, Creative Industries and Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gina La Hera Fuentes
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jessica Wilson
- Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Social Work, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Campbell Tickner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Frances Kay-Lambkin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Milena Heinsch
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- School of Social Work, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
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Quinlan-Davidson M, Dixon M, Chinnery G, Hawke LD, Iyer S, Moxness K, Prebeg M, Thabane L, Henderson JL. Youth not engaged in education, employment, or training: a discrete choice experiment of service preferences in Canada. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1402. [PMID: 38797845 PMCID: PMC11129463 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has showed the importance of providing integrated support services to prevent and reduce youth not in education, employment, or training (NEET) related challenges. There is limited evidence on NEET youth's perspectives and preferences for employment, education, and training services. The objective of this study was to identify employment, education and training service preferences of NEET youth. We acknowledge the deficit-based lens associated with the term NEET and use 'upcoming youth' to refer to this population group. METHODS Canadian youth (14-29 years) who reported Upcoming status or at-risk of Upcoming status were recruited to the study. We used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey, which included ten attributes with three levels each indicating service characteristics. Sawtooth software was used to design and administer the DCE. Participants also provided demographic information and completed the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener. We analyzed the data using hierarchical Bayesian methods to determine service attribute importance and latent class analyses to identify groups of participants with similar service preferences. RESULTS A total of n=503 youth participated in the study. 51% of participants were 24-29 years of age; 18.7% identified as having Upcoming status; 41.1% were from rural areas; and 36.0% of youth stated that they met basic needs with a little left. Participants strongly preferred services that promoted life skills, mentorship, basic income, and securing a work or educational placement. Three latent classes were identified and included: (i) job and educational services (38.9%), or services that include career counseling and securing a work or educational placement; (ii) mental health and wellness services (34.9%), or services that offer support for mental health and wellness in the workplace and free mental health and substance use services; and (iii) holistic skills building services (26.1%), or services that endorsed skills for school and job success, and life skills. CONCLUSIONS This study identified employment, education, and training service preferences among Upcoming youth. The findings indicate a need to create a service model that supports holistic skills building, mental health and wellness, and long-term school and job opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghen Quinlan-Davidson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahalia Dixon
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | | | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Srividya Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Matthew Prebeg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J L Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Klymkiw DF, Day DM, Henderson JL, Hawke LD. What do justice-involved youth want from integrated youth services? A conjoint analysis. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2024; 33:18-32. [PMID: 38449724 PMCID: PMC10914151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Many youth in the criminal justice system are affected by mental health and/or substance use (MHS) challenges, yet only a minority receive treatment. One way to increase access to MHS care is integrated youth services (IYS), a community-based model of service delivery where youth can access evidence-based treatment for their MHS problems and other wellbeing needs, in one location. However, it is unknown what IYS services justice-involved youth prioritize. Objective This study explored what components of IYS justice-involved youth deem to be the most important in meeting their MHS service needs, in comparison with non-justice-involved youth, by conducting a secondary analysis of data gathered from a larger Ontario-wide study. Method Using a conjoint analysis, n = 55 justice-involved youth, and n = 188 non-justice-involved youth, completed thirteen choice tasks representing different combinations of IYS. Results Both justice-involved and non-justice-involved youth exhibited preferences for a broad range of core health services, including mental health services, substance misuse counseling, medication management, and physical or sexual health services. They also preferred a broad range of additional support services, in addition to fast access to care in a community setting that specializes in mental health services, with the incorporation of e-health services. Justice-involved youth prioritized working with a trained peer support worker to learn life skills and help them with the services they need. The importance of youth playing a leadership role in making decisions within IYS organizations was also a distinguishing preference among justice-involved youth. Conclusions Tailoring IYS to meet the service preferences of justice-involved youth may enhance service utilization, potentially leading to better outcomes for justice-involved youth and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna F Klymkiw
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - David M Day
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario
| | - J L Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Sanders JE, Seale A, Lewis V, Arundel M, Csiernik R. A Feasibility Study of the SAFE Pilot Program: A University-School Board Partnership in Ontario. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2024; 34:201-216. [PMID: 38047058 PMCID: PMC10691957 DOI: 10.1177/10497315231159059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The Support and Aid to Families Electronically (SAFE) pilot program was developed through a community-university partnership to support parents of elementary students in Ontario, while providing stable practicums for social work students in the midst of COVID-19 restrictions. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility of the SAFE pilot program as a mental health support to families by examining three feasibility objectives: demand, acceptably, and implementation. Method: Qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and qualitative surveys involving service users, social work students, referring school board and university professionals (n = 37) were examined. Results: Demand for SAFE extended beyond the pandemic. A high-level of acceptance of SAFE was identified. Areas of success and considerations for implementation are outlined. Discussion: This study provides practice guidance on implementing this unique program, with potential to address gaps in service provision and the ongoing crisis in field education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Sanders
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Seale
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Lewis
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M.K. Arundel
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rick Csiernik
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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Klymkiw DF, Day DM, Henderson JL, Hawke LD. Integrated Youth Service Preferences of Caregivers of Justice-Involved Youth: A Discrete Choice Conjoint Experiment. Int J Integr Care 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38312478 PMCID: PMC10836161 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health and/or substance use (MHS) challenges affect approximately 95% of youth in the criminal justice system, with only three in ten justice-involved youth receiving treatment. Caregivers of justice-involved youth have identified fragmented care as a barrier to youth accessing MHS services. One suggested solution to this problem is the implementation of integrated youth services (IYS). However, it is unknown which IYS components caregivers of justice-involved youth prioritize. Methods Using a discrete choice conjoint experiment (DCE), n = 46 caregivers of justice-involved youth, and n = 204 caregivers of non-justice-involved, completed thirteen choice tasks representing different combinations of IYS. Results Both caregiver groups exhibited preferences for involvement and access to information regarding their youth's treatment, and fast access to broad range of core health and additional services, in a community setting, with the incorporation of e-health services. Caregivers of justice-involved youth showed a unique preference for involvement in family counseling with their youth. The incorporation of this service feature may help to engage caregivers of justice-involved youth in their youths' MHS treatment 3-fold. Conclusion Data gleaned from this analysis provides an understanding of what components of IYS models may help to engage caregivers of justice-involved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna F Klymkiw
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Day
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J L Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1000 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1000 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Marchand K, Turuba R, Katan C, Brasset C, Fogarty O, Tallon C, Fairbank J, Mathias S, Barbic S. Becoming our young people’s case managers: caregivers’ experiences, needs, and ideas for improving opioid use treatments for young people using opioids. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:34. [PMID: 35525987 PMCID: PMC9077957 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence continues to show that young people, ages 15-24, remain at significant risk of harms from non-medical opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD), with experts calling for widespread implementation of developmentally-appropriate interventions. These recommendations include the involvement of caregivers in the prevention, early intervention, and treatment of young people using opioids. However, little research has investigated caregivers’ experiences supporting young people, leaving critical gaps in understanding this role. The aim of this study is to explore caregivers’ experiences accessing opioid use treatments with young people and their needs and ideas for improving such treatments. Methods This study reports qualitative findings from Phase 1 of the Improving Treatment Together project, a multi-phase, multi-site community-based participatory study broadly aimed at co-designing opioid use treatments to improve the experiences and outcomes of young people using non-medical opioids. During Phase 1, a total of 27 caregivers (parents, guardians) participated in full-day workshops that were conducted in three communities in British Columbia, Canada. Following human-centred co-design methods, caregivers engaged in small and large group discussions of their experiences, needs, and ideas for improving opioid use treatments for young people. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Results Across communities, caregivers’ main experiences were defined as ‘becoming our young people’s case managers’ and ‘enduring a never-ending rollercoaster’. To improve these experiences, two needs themes were identified – expanding organizational and system-level capacity and wider-spread understanding of opioid use as a health issue. Caregivers brainstormed a total of 378 individual ideas to meet these needs, several of which spanned multiple needs themes. Conclusions Caregivers’ experiences, needs, and ideas reveal critical opportunities for improving the quality of interventions for opioid use among young people. This study represents a substantial contribution to the design and implementation of developmentally-appropriate and family-centred interventions for young people using opioids.
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Kourgiantakis T, Markoulakis R, Hussain A, Lee E, Ashcroft R, Williams C, Lau C, Goldstein AL, Kodeeswaran S, Levitt A. Navigating inequities in the delivery of youth mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives of youth, families, and service providers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:806-816. [PMID: 35852728 PMCID: PMC9663755 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There have been concerns about the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian youth (aged 16-24) as they have the highest rates of mental health concerns. The objectives of the present study were to explore the experiences of youth with mental health and/or addiction concerns and their families during the pandemic, and to examine how adequate and equitable mental health services have been for youth and families from the perspectives of youth, parents, and service providers. METHODS Using a descriptive qualitative research design and a university-community partnership, we conducted individual interviews with youth, parents, and service providers. The study involved a total of 25 participants (n=15 service users, n=10 service providers). Among the service users, 11 participants were parents and four were youth. We used thematic analysis to analyze interview data. RESULTS The thematic analysis identified three themes in the data: (1) youth mental health concerns have increased, whereas supports have decreased, (2) families end up being the treatment team with increased burden, little support, and lack of recognition, and (3) inadequate and inequitable mental health services for youth and families are amplified during the pandemic. CONCLUSION At a time when mental health needs were higher, the mental health care system offered less support to youth and their families. For a more equitable response to the pandemic, we need an accessible and integrated mental health care system that shows a commitment to addressing social determinants and reducing health disparities and inequities in access to mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toula Kourgiantakis
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Roula Markoulakis
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Amina Hussain
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Rachelle Ashcroft
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Charmaine Williams
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Carrie Lau
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4 Canada
| | - Abby L. Goldstein
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sugy Kodeeswaran
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Anthony Levitt
- Family Navigation Project, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Henderson J, Hawke LD, Iyer SN, Hayes E, Darnay K, Mathias S, Thabane L. Youth Perspectives on Integrated Youth Services: A Discrete Choice Conjoint Experiment. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:524-533. [PMID: 34874207 PMCID: PMC9234900 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211044717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrated youth services (IYS) are an emerging model of care offering a broad range of mental health and social services for youth in one location. This study aimed to determine the IYS service characteristics most important to youth, as well as to determine whether different classes of youth have different service preferences, and if so, what defines these classes. METHODS Ontario youth aged 14-29 years with mental health challenges were recruited to participate in a discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey. The DCE contained 12 attributes, each represented by 4 levels representing core characteristics of IYS models. To supplement the DCE questions, demographic information was collected and a mental health screener was administered. Preferences were examined, latent class analyses were conducted, and latent classes were compared. RESULTS As a whole, participants endorsed the IYS model of service delivery. Among 274 youth, there were three latent classes: 1) the Focused Service (37.6%) latent class prioritized efficient delivery of mental health services. 2) The Holistic Services (30.3%) latent class prioritized a diverse array of mental health and social services delivered in a timely fashion. 3) The Responsive Services (32.1%) latent class prioritized services that matched the individual needs of the youth being served. Differences between classes were observed based on sociodemographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS IYS is an acceptable model of care, in that it prioritizes components that reflect youth preferences. The differences in preference profiles of different groups of youth point to the need for flexible models of service delivery. Service design initiatives should take these preferences into account, designing services that meet the needs and preferences of a broad range of youth. Working locally to co-design services with the youth in the target population who wish to be engaged will help meet the needs of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Henderson
- 26632Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.,7978University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- 26632Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.,7978University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry
| | | | - Em Hayes
- 26632Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
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Hawke LD, Thabane L, Iyer SN, Jaouich A, Reaume-Zimmer P, Henderson J. Service providers endorse integrated services model for youth with mental health and substance use challenges: findings from a discrete choice experiment. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1035. [PMID: 34598693 PMCID: PMC8487137 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given high rates of mental health and substance challenges among youth and substantial system access barriers, system innovation is required. Integrated youth services (IYS) models aim to transform youth mental health and substance use services by creating integrative, collaborative models of care in youth-friendly settings. This study examines service provider perspectives on the key service components to include in IYS models. METHOD A discrete choice experiment modeled service provider preferences for the service components of IYSs. The sample includes 388 service provider/agency leader participants (age 18+) from youth-serving organizations in Ontario. Importance scores and utility values were calculated for 12 attributes represented by four levels each. Latent class analysis identified subgroups of participants with different preferences. RESULTS The majority of participants were direct service providers working in larger organizations in the mental health and/or substance use sectors in large urban centers. Participants strongly endorsed service models that provide rapid access to the widest variety of culturally sensitive service options, with supplementary e-health services, in youth-focused community settings with evening and weekend hours. They prefer caregiver involvement in youth services and treatment decisions and support youth and family engagement. Latent class analyses reveal three segments of service providers: a Youth-Focused Service Accessibility segment representing 62.1% (241/388) of participants, a Service Options segment representing 27.6% (107/388) of participants, and a Caregiver Integration segment representing 10.3% (40/388) of participants. Within these segments, the degree of prioritization of the various service components differ; however, the overall endorsement of the service components remains largely consistent across classes for most attributes. The segments did not differ based on demographic or agency characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The core characteristics of IYS settings for youth with mental health and substance use challenges, i.e., rapid access to a wide range of youth-oriented services, are strong priorities of service providers and youth-serving agency leaders. These findings confirm that youth-oriented service providers endorse the importance and relevance of IYS models as a whole; strong service provider buy-in to the model is expected to facilitate development, implementation and scaling of IYS models. Hearing stakeholder perspectives, including those of service providers, youth, and caregivers, is essential to developing, effectively implementing, and scaling effective youth services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lehana Thabane
- McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexia Jaouich
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Reaume-Zimmer
- Bluewater Health, 89 Norman St, Sarnia, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Mental Health Association Lambton Kent, 240 Grand Ave. West, Chatham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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