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Gambadauro P, Hadlaczky G, Wasserman D, Carli V. Menstrual symptoms and subjective well-being among postmenarchal adolescents. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100304. [PMID: 38304304 PMCID: PMC10830861 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual symptoms are predominantly studied among adults but may occur directly after menarche. Adolescent menstrual healthcare, however, faces specific obstacles and more research into menstrual symptoms as a determinant of adolescent well-being is therefore advocated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate menstrual symptoms and their impact on everyday life and well-being among postmenarchal adolescents. STUDY DESIGN A survey was delivered to a random sample of 1644 schoolgirls, drawn from a population-based project involving 116 lower secondary education schools (7th and 8th grade) in Stockholm, Sweden. Menstrual symptoms (ie, dysmenorrhea, heavy bleeding, irregular periods, mood disturbance, other general symptoms) were investigated through multiple choice questions and defined according to their impact on everyday life as mild (seldom affected), moderate (affected but possible to cope) and severe (affected and difficult to cope). Subjective well-being was measured with the World Health Organization Five Well-Being index. Postmenarchal respondents were eligible for analysis; those with incomplete outcome data or using hormonal contraception were excluded. The frequency and severity of symptoms across different postmenarchal years (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th+ year after menarche) were studied with Chi-square and Kendall's tau statistics. Analysis of variance was used to study the association between menstrual symptoms and World Health Organization Five Well-Being index scores. A composite menstrual health index variable was obtained through principal component analysis and used to study the overall impact of menstrual symptoms on well-being in regression analyses. RESULTS Of 1100 postmenarchal girls (mean age, 14.1±0.7 years), 93.2% reported menstrual symptoms, 81.3% had at least 1 moderate symptom and 31.3% had at least 1 severe symptom. The most frequent symptoms were dysmenorrhea (80.4%) and mood disturbance (81.1%), followed by irregular periods (67.9%), heavy bleeding (60.4%), and other general symptoms (60.4%). Throughout postmenarchal years, there was a significant increase in frequency and severity (P<.001) of dysmenorrhea (τ=0.148), heavy bleeding (τ=0.134), mood disturbance (τ=0.117), and other general symptoms (τ=0.110), but not irregular periods (τ=-0.0201; P=.434). Girls with menstrual symptoms had significantly lower World Health Organization Five Well-Being index scores than those without symptoms (mean difference, -17.3; 95% confidence interval, -22.4 to -12.3). Analysis of variance showed significant associations (P<.001) with World Health Organization Five Well-Being index scores for each of the examined menstrual symptoms. In post hoc pairwise comparisons with peers without symptoms, the greatest reductions in World Health Organization Five Well-Being index score were found among girls with severe symptoms (mean difference for: dysmenorrhea, -20.72; heavy bleeding, -15.75; irregular periods, -13.81; mood disturbance, -24.97; other general symptoms, -20.29), but significant differences were observed even for moderate or mild symptoms. The composite menstrual health index was significantly associated with World Health Organization Five Well-Being index scores in regression analysis, independently of age, age at menarche, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, own and parental country of birth, biparental care, and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION Despite growing awareness about the relevance of menstruation to women's health, unmet menstrual health needs are a potential threat to the well-being of adolescents. Education, screening, and clinical competence are important tools to reduce the burden of menstrual symptoms during adolescence and to prevent long-term consequences. The development of novel person-centered strategies should be a priority for clinical practice and research in adolescent menstrual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gambadauro
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, Wasserman, and Carli)
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (Dr Gambadauro)
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, and Carli)
- Res Medica Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden (Dr Gambadauro)
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, Wasserman, and Carli)
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, and Carli)
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, Wasserman, and Carli)
| | - Vladimir Carli
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, Wasserman, and Carli)
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Gambadauro, Hadlaczky, and Carli)
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Management of Premenstrual Disorders: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 7. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:1516-1533. [PMID: 37973069 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide recommendations for the management of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, collectively referred to as premenstrual disorders, based on assessment of the evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of available treatment options. An overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of premenstrual disorders also is included to provide readers with relevant background information and context for the clinical recommendations. TARGET POPULATION Reproductive-aged adults and adolescents with premenstrual symptoms. METHODS This guideline was developed using an a priori protocol in conjunction with a writing team consisting of two specialists in obstetrics and gynecology appointed by the ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines-Gynecology and one external subject matter expert. ACOG medical librarians completed a comprehensive literature search for primary literature within Cochrane Library, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Studies that moved forward to the full-text screening stage were assessed by two authors from the writing team based on standardized inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies underwent quality assessment, and a modified GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations) evidence-to-decision framework was applied to interpret and translate the evidence into recommendation statements. RECOMMENDATIONS This Clinical Practice Guideline includes recommendations on the following evidence-based treatment options for premenstrual disorders, with an acknowledgement that many patients may benefit from a multimodal approach that combines several interventions: pharmacologic agents (hormonal and nonhormonal), psychological counseling, complementary and alternative treatments, exercise and nutritional therapies, patient education and self-help strategies, and surgical management. Recommendations are classified by strength and evidence quality. Ungraded Good Practice Points are included to provide guidance when a formal recommendation could not be made because of inadequate or nonexistent evidence. Based on review of extrapolated data from adult populations and expert consensus, it was determined that the recommendations also apply to adolescents, with a few exceptions that are noted in the Clinical Practice Guideline.
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The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051107. [PMID: 35268082 PMCID: PMC8912662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.
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Yang Q, Þórðardóttir EB, Hauksdóttir A, Aspelund T, Jakobsdóttir J, Halldorsdottir T, Tomasson G, Rúnarsdóttir H, Danielsdottir HB, Bertone-Johnson ER, Sjölander A, Fang F, Lu D, Valdimarsdóttir UA. Association between adverse childhood experiences and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 11,973 women. BMC Med 2022; 20:60. [PMID: 35184745 PMCID: PMC8859885 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse and neglect have been associated with premenstrual disorders (PMDs), including premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). However, the associations of other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the cumulative number of ACEs with PMDs remain to be explored. METHODS To evaluate the associations of the cumulative number and types of ACEs with PMDs, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis with a subsample of menstruating women within the Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort, assessed for PMDs and ACEs (N=11,973). The cumulative and individual exposure of 13 types of ACEs was evaluated by a modified ACE-International Questionnaire. A modified version of the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool was used to identify probable cases of PMDs, further sub-grouped into PMS and PMDD. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of PMDs in relation to varying ACEs were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS At a mean age of 34.0 years (standard deviation (SD) 9.1), 3235 (27%) met the criteria of probable PMDs, including 2501 (21%) for PMS and 734 (6%) for PMDD. The number of ACEs was linearly associated with PMDs (fully-adjusted PR 1.12 per ACE, 95% CI 1.11-1.13). Specifically, the PR for PMDs was 2.46 (95% CI 2.21-2.74) for women with 4 or more ACEs compared with women with no ACEs. A stronger association was observed for probable PMDD compared to PMS (p for difference <0.001). The associations between ACEs and PMDs were stronger among women without PTSD, anxiety, or depression, and without childhood deprivation and were stronger among women a lower level of social support (p for interaction<0.001). All types of ACEs were positively associated with PMDs (PRs ranged from 1.11 to 1.51); the associations of sexual abuse, emotional neglect, family violence, mental illness of a household member, and peer and collective violence were independent of other ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that childhood adverse experiences are associated with PMDs in a dose-dependent manner. If confirmed by prospective data, our findings support the importance of early intervention for girls exposed to ACEs to minimize risks of PMDs and other morbidities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Edda Björk Þórðardóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Arna Hauksdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jóhanna Jakobsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Thorhildur Halldorsdottir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, IS-101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Tomasson
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Harpa Rúnarsdóttir
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hilda Björk Danielsdottir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA-01003, USA.,Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA-01003, USA
| | - Arvid Sjölander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donghao Lu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA-02115, USA.
| | - Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA-02115, USA
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Hantsoo L, Rangaswamy S, Voegtline K, Salimgaraev R, Zhaunova L, Payne JL. Premenstrual symptoms across the lifespan in an international sample: data from a mobile application. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:903-910. [PMID: 36018464 PMCID: PMC9492621 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Premenstrual symptoms, including physical and mood symptoms, affect a large proportion of women worldwide. Data on premenstrual symptoms across nations and age groups is limited. In the present study, we leveraged a large international dataset to explore patterns in premenstrual symptom frequency with age. A survey was administered to users of the Flo mobile application (app), aged 18 to 55. The survey queried app users about a range of premenstrual symptoms. Respondents were asked whether they experienced each symptom every menstrual cycle, some cycles, or never. Age was also captured and categorized as 18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-55. Data was summarized and Pearson's chi square test for count data assessed differences in symptom frequency by age group. A sample of 238,114 app users from 140 countries responded to the survey. The most common symptoms reported were food cravings (85.28%), mood swings or anxiety (64.18%), and fatigue (57.3%). Absentmindedness, low libido, sleep changes, gastrointestinal symptoms, weight gain, headaches, sweating or hot flashes, fatigue, hair changes, rashes, and swelling were significantly more frequent with increasing age (p's < 0.001). Mood swings and anxiety did not vary by age group. Of the respondents, 28.61% reported that premenstrual symptoms interfered with their everyday life each menstrual cycle. In a large international sample, the majority of women reported premenstrual food cravings, mood changes, and fatigue every menstrual cycle. Mood symptoms did not vary by age group, suggesting that premenstrual mood changes are a persistent issue among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Hantsoo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shivani Rangaswamy
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kristin Voegtline
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Payne
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Yin W, Zhang J, Guo Y, Wu Z, Diao C, Sun J. Melatonin for premenstrual syndrome: A potential remedy but not ready. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1084249. [PMID: 36699021 PMCID: PMC9868742 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a recurrent and moderate disorder that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and quickly resolves after menstruation, is characterized by somatic and emotional discomfort that can be severe enough to impair daily activities. Current therapeutic drugs for PMS such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not very satisfying. As a critical pineal hormone, melatonin has increasingly been suggested to modulate PMS symptoms. In this review, we update the latest progress on PMS-induced sleep disturbance, mood changes, and cognitive impairment and provide possible pathways by which melatonin attenuates these symptoms. Moreover, we focus on the role of melatonin in PMS molecular mechanisms. Herein, we show that melatonin can regulate ovarian estrogen and progesterone, of which cyclic fluctuations contribute to PMS pathogenesis. Melatonin also modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor system in PMS. Interpreting the role of melatonin in PMS is not only informative to clarify PMS etiology but also instructive to melatonin and its receptor agonist application to promote female health. As a safe interaction, melatonin treatment can be effective in alleviating symptoms of PMS. However, symptoms such as sleep disturbance, depressive mood, cognitive impairment are not specific and can be easily misdiagnosed. Connections between melatonin receptor, ovarian steroid dysfunction, and PMS are not consistent among past studies. Before final conclusions are drawn, more well-organized and rigorous studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laizhou City People’s Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Can Diao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Sun,
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Daşıkan Z. Premenstrual disorders among young Turkish women: According to DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:481-487. [PMID: 33111372 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) according to the DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria using the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) in young Turkish women aged 15-24 years. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive study included 760 Turkish female students in Izmir. FINDINGS The prevalence of PMS was 61.1% and 26.1 and that of PMDD was 20.4% and 10.0%, based on the DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria using PSST, respectively. In the PMDD category, the most common symptoms were anger/irritability (97.4%). PMS/PMDD prevalence is common in young women, especially in adolescents, and PMDD prevalence was alarmingly high. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health professionals take an active role in the diagnosis and management of PMS/PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Daşıkan
- Department of Women's Health and Disease Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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ElDeeb AM, Atta HK, Osman DA. Effect of whole body vibration versus resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms in adolescents with premenstrual syndrome. BULLETIN OF FACULTY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43161-020-00002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic disorder that affects social activities, interpersonal relationship, and educational productivity of adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) and resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms in adolescents with PMS.
Methods
Sixty adolescents, aged 16–19 years and with body mass index > 19.9 kg/m2, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to three groups equal in number. Control group received magnesium (Mg) (250 g) and vitamin B6 supplementation once daily. Resistive exercise group received the same supplementations and resistive exercise for three times/week, while the WBV group received the same supplementations and WBV training three times/week for 12 weeks. Premenstrual syndrome questionnaire (PMSQ) was used to evaluate premenstrual symptoms, including anxiety symptoms (PMS-A), depression symptoms (PMS-D), craving symptoms (PMS-C), hyperhydration symptoms (PMS-H), other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain.
Results
Pair-wise comparison test revealed a significant decrease (p = 0.000) in PMS-A, PMS-C, PMS-D, PMS-H, other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain of the resistive exercise group and WBV group after treatment. However, there was only a significant decrease in PMS-C (p = 0.03) of the control group after treatment. Post hoc test showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the resistive group and WBV group in all PMS symptoms after treatment.
Conclusions
Passive muscular training using WBV has a similar effect to resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms that affect the quality of life in adolescents with PMS.
Trial registration
PACTR, PACTR201908589835132. Registered 26 June 2019—retrospectively registered.
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Considering the Role of the Menstrual Cycle on Increased Suicidality in Adolescent Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Owens SA, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Prinstein MJ. Understanding When and Why Some Adolescent Girls Attempt Suicide: An Emerging Framework Integrating Menstrual Cycle Fluctuations in Risk. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2020; 14:116-123. [PMID: 32655685 PMCID: PMC7351312 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors increases dramatically across the transition to puberty, particularly among adolescent girls. Yet we know little about why adolescent girls are at heightened risk, or when girls may be most likely to consider or engage in suicidal behavior. In this article, we outline evidence supporting a role for the menstrual cycle in the onset of and fluctuations in adolescent girls' suicide risk. This emerging framework outlines developmental (i.e., biological, social, and cognitive) characteristics that might place certain girls at higher risk (e.g., between-subjects factors), as well as potential mechanisms that occur during the perimenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., within-subjects factors) that increase adolescent females' increased risk for suicide.
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Yesildere Saglam H, Orsal O. Effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms: A systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 48:102272. [PMID: 31987230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms. METHODS In this systematic review, international databases (EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect PubMed, Google Scholar) were searched from the start of databases to 30 April 2018. Keywords used included "premenstrual syndrome" and "exercise". For the keywords, "Medical Subject Headings" were used. Articles were screened by the two authors independently, and in case of disagreements, items were discussed until consensus was reached. All studies evaluating the effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms were extracted from included studies without limiting the type of exercise. RESULTS A total of 361 studies on the subject were examined, and 17 publications in accordance with the inclusion criteria were included in the study and evaluated. It can be said that exercise is effective in improving physical symptoms such as pain, constipation, breast sensitivity, and psychological symptoms such as anxiety and anger. However, although there is no clarity regarding other symptoms, exercise has a symptom-reducing effect. CONCLUSION Exercise is an effective intervention for alleviating premenstrual symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Yesildere Saglam
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Orsal
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Abbassinya H, Khademi N, Heshmat F, Naafe M, Mohammadbeigi A. Evaluation of the effect of perforan (Hypericum perforatum) on premenstrual syndrome severity of physical and behavioural symptoms in patients with premenstrual syndrome: A clinical randomised trial. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
For girls with physical and developmental disabilities and their families/caregivers, puberty and menstruation can present significant problems such as vulnerability, abuse risk, unintended pregnancies, difficulties with managing menstrual hygiene, abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, behavioral difficulties/mood concerns or changes in seizure pattern. Healthcare providers may have an important and positive impact for both the adolescents and their families/caregivers during this stage of life. Whether menstrual manipulation is indicated should be decided after a detailed history is taken from both the patient and the caregivers to determine the impact of current problems on quality of life. It should be explained that complete amenorrhea is difficult to achieve and realistic expectations should be addressed. The goals for the management of menstrual concerns should be a reduction in the amount and total days of menstrual flow, reduction of menstrual pain and suppression of ovulatory or cyclic symptoms, depending on each individual patient’s needs. Advantages and disadvantages of available treatment methods should also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Dural
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 533 231 85 26 E-mail:
| | - İnci Sema Taş
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Engin Akhan
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMDD have a differential response to normal hormonal fluctuations. This susceptibility may involve the serotonin system, altered sensitivity of the GABAA receptor to the neurosteroid allopregnanalone, and altered brain circuitry involving emotional and cognitive functions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatment. Second-line treatments include oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, other ovulation suppression methods, calcium, chasteberry, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Teri Pearlstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women's Behavioral Medicine, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Miriam Hospital, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
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Roux F, Burns S, Chih HJ, Hendriks J. Developing and trialling a school-based ovulatory-menstrual health literacy programme for adolescent girls: a quasi-experimental mixed-method protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023582. [PMID: 30898802 PMCID: PMC6528013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A review of international and Australian school-based resources suggests that teaching of the ovulatory-menstrual (OM) cycle is predominantly couched in biology. A whole-person framework that integrates spiritual, intellectual, social and emotional dimensions with the physical changes of the OM cycle is needed to facilitate adolescent OM health literacy. This paper describes the protocol for a study that aims to develop and trial an intervention for adolescent girls aged 13-16 years that enhances positive attitudes towards OM health coupled with developing skills to monitor and self-report OM health. These skills aim to foster acceptance of the OM cycle as a 'vital sign' and facilitate confident communication of common OM disturbances (namely, dysmenorrhoea, abnormal uterine bleeding and premenstrual syndrome), which are known to impact school and social activities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Phase I will comprise a Delphi panel of women's health specialists, public health professionals and curriculum consultants and focus groups with adolescent girls, teachers and school healthcare professionals. This will inform the development of an intervention to facilitate OM health literacy. The Delphi panel will also inform the development of a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate OM health literacy. Phase II will trial the intervention with a convenience sample of at least 175 adolescent girls from one single-sex school. The mixed-method evaluation of the intervention will include a pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaire. One-on-one interviews with teachers and school healthcare professionals will expand the understanding of the barriers, enablers and suitability of implementation of the intervention in a school-based setting. Finally, focus groups with purposively selected trial participants will further refine the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study findings will be disseminated through local community seminars, conferences, peer-review articles and media channels where appropriate. The Curtin University of Human Research Ethics Committee has approved this study (approval HRE2018-0101). This project is registered with the 'Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry'. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619000031167; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Roux
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - HuiJun Jun Chih
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Kamat SV, Nimbalkar A, Phatak AG, Nimbalkar SM. Premenstrual syndrome in Anand District, Gujarat: A cross-sectional survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:640-647. [PMID: 30984687 PMCID: PMC6436252 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_302_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of Study: We assessed the prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescents and identified probable associations of PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) with age, locality, food habits, obesity, stress, genetic influence, menorrhagia and dysmenorrhoea. Methods: Cross-sectional study in schools of Anand District in State of Gujarat, India. We conducted the study in 1702 girls in the age group of 8–23 years who had achieved menarche. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of PMS and PMDD using the self-administered Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool for Adolescents (PSST-A). Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe PMS was 19.3% and PMDD was 4.6%. Almost all (94.8%) girls had at least one PMS symptom with 65.7% having moderate to severe symptoms. We found dysmenorrhoea in 71.2% girls and menorrhagia in 15.2%. Physical symptoms were reported by 53.5%, disruption of daily activities by 41.7%, while 25.1% had to miss school/college. Majority (81.3%) felt that PMS was a normal part of menstruation and 53.0% reported moderate to severe stress. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed older age, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, high levels of stress and PMS in mother to be significantly associated with PMS. In addition to these, lower age at menarche and junk food significantly contributed to PMDD. Conclusion: Prevalence of moderate to severe PMS and PMDD in this population falls within the range reported elsewhere. PMS/PMDD affects the lives of many, significantly reducing their efficiency and worsening the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti V Kamat
- Department of Paediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Archana Nimbalkar
- Department of Physiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay G Phatak
- Department of Physiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - Somashekhar M Nimbalkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.,Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
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Reid RL, Soares CN. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 40:215-223. [PMID: 29132964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most ovulatory women experience premenstrual symptoms (premenstrual syndrome, molimina) which indicate impending menstruation and are of little clinical relevance because they do not affect quality of life. A few women, however, experience significant physical and/or psychological symptoms before menstruation that, if left untreated, would result in deterioration in functioning and relationships. The precise etiology remains elusive, although new theories are gaining support in pre-clinical and early clinical trials. Refined diagnostic criteria allow better discrimination of this condition from other psychiatric diagnoses and the selection of symptom appropriate therapies that afford relief for most women. Pharmacotherapies (particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and SNRIs) represent the first-line treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder and severe, mood-related premenstrual syndrome. Continuous combined oral contraceptives have limited evidence for usefulness in premenstrual dysphoric disorder, whereas medical ovarian suppression is often recommended for patients who fail to respond or cannot tolerate first-line treatments (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). The use of cognitive behavioural therapies is promising, but it remains limited by sparse data and restricted access to trained professionals. A proper diagnosis (particularly the distinction from other underlying psychiatric conditions) is crucial for the implementation of effective therapy and alleviation of this impairing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Reid
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON.
| | - Claudio N Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON
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Buddhabunyakan N, Kaewrudee S, Chongsomchai C, Soontrapa S, Somboonporn W, Sothornwit J. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among high school students. Int J Womens Health 2017; 9:501-505. [PMID: 28860863 PMCID: PMC5560417 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s140679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common health problem among adolescents. Objective To assess the prevalence of PMS in Thai high school students. Materials and methods This was a prospective study conducted among menstruating high school students in Khon Kaen, Thailand, from September to December, 2015. Participants were asked to prospectively complete an anonymous questionnaire, which included information about demographic data, menstrual patterns, and symptoms to be recorded on a daily calendar of premenstrual experiences according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. All of the data were prospectively recorded for 90 consecutive days. Results Of the 399 participants, 289 (72.4%) completed the self-report questionnaire. Eighty-six participants (29.8%; 95% CI, 24.5%–35.4%) reported having PMS. The most common somatic and affective symptoms among participants with PMS were breast tenderness (74.4%) and angry outbursts (97.7%). There were significant differences between the PMS and non-PMS groups, and PMS was associated with various problems related to educational activities, including lack of concentration and motivation, poor individual work performance, poor collaborative work performance, and low scores. However, there were no significant differences regarding interpersonal relationships between the PMS and non-PMS groups. Conclusions PMS is a common menstrual disorder among Thai high school students. The most common symptoms reported in this study were angry outbursts and breast tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapong Buddhabunyakan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Srinaree Kaewrudee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chompilas Chongsomchai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sukree Soontrapa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Woraluk Somboonporn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jen Sothornwit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMDD have a differential response to normal hormonal fluctuations. This susceptibility may involve the serotonin system, altered sensitivity of the GABAA receptor to the neurosteroid allopregnanalone, and altered brain circuitry involving emotional and cognitive functions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatment. Second-line treatments include oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, other ovulation suppression methods, calcium, chasteberry, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital and Miriam Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Teri Pearlstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women's Behavioral Medicine, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Miriam Hospital, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
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Uran P, Yürümez E, Aysev A, Kılıç BG. Premenstrual syndrome health-related quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical adolescent sample: a cross-sectional study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2017; 21:36-40. [PMID: 27669573 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2016.1235710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents who were admitted to the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic were compared with respect to the premenstrual symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidities and health related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS The research group was identified using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version and Premenstrual Assessment Form. They completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (The PedsQL). RESULTS There were 55 adolescents who were eligible for the study and 89% of participants were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common psychiatric diagnoses among the diagnosed cases were anxiety and major depressive disorders. Of all of the cases, 78.2% were diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and among those cases, 46.5% had mild, 34.8% had moderate and 18.6% had severe PMS. Most common PMS symptom was anger/irritability. HRQoL in the group with PMS was significantly lower than that of the adolescents without PMS. Moreover, HRQoL of adolescents with PMS was found to deteriorate with the increasing severity of PMS. CONCLUSIONS This study is of great importance since it demonstrated that PMS frequency is very high in a clinical adolescent population and negatively affects their HRQoL as similar to non-clinical adolescent population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Uran
- a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Esra Yürümez
- b Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Ufuk University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayla Aysev
- a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Birim Günay Kılıç
- a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department , Ankara University School of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Doyle C, Swain WA, Ewald HAS, Cook CL, Ewald PW. Sexually Transmitted Pathogens, Depression, and Other Manifestations Associated with Premenstrual Syndrome. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2016; 26:277-91. [PMID: 26272230 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-015-9238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether sexually transmitted infections and lifestyle variables are associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as well as particular manifestations commonly associated with PMS. Data were gathered from medical records of 500 regularly cycling women. The following infectious agents were investigated: human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Bivariate tests and multivariate logistic regressions were used to evaluate whether these pathogens were associated with headache, pain, nausea, and depression. Chlamydia trachomatis was significantly associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and two common manifestations of PMS: depression and pain. Trichomonas vaginalis was significantly correlated with headache and Gardnerella vaginalis with nausea. None of the illness manifestations was significantly associated with the tested lifestyle variables: dietary calcium supplementation, alcohol and drug use, exercise, and smoking. These associations provide a basis for assessment of infectious causation of PMS and several manifestations of illness that are commonly associated with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Doyle
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA,
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Tadakawa M, Takeda T, Monma Y, Koga S, Yaegashi N. The prevalence and risk factors of school absenteeism due to premenstrual disorders in Japanese high school students-a school-based cross-sectional study. Biopsychosoc Med 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 27118993 PMCID: PMC4845482 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-016-0067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premenstrual disorders such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) interfere with the daily lives of adolescents. The causes of PMS and PMDD are unknown, but lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise and taste preference are known to be associated. This study was conducted to investigate how premenstrual symptoms affect the school life in Japanese high school students and whether there was a risk factor for school absenteeism that is dependent on the types of premenstrual symptoms or lifestyle habits. Methods A school-based survey was conducted in Sendai, an industrial city in Japan. A total of 901 girls aged 15–19 with regular menstrual cycles were assessed using the self-reporting premenstrual symptoms questionnaire (PSQ) and questions regarding school absence, taste preference, and exercise. We classified the girls into ‘no/mild PMS’, ‘moderate-to-severe PMS’ and ‘PMDD’ according to the PSQ. The girls were classified into the ‘absent’ group if they were absent for more than 1 day per month. We used multivariate logistic analysis to examine the risk factors for school absenteeism. Results The rates of ‘moderate-to-severe PMS’ and ‘PMDD’ were 9.9 and 3.1 %, respectively. A total of 107 girls (11.9 %) were classified into the ‘absent’ group. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of all premenstrual symptoms (p < 0.001), ‘age’ (p < 0.001), ‘a preference for salty food’ (p = 0.001), and ‘lack of regular exercise’ (p = 0.03) between the ‘absent’ and ‘non-absent’ groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that premenstrual symptoms such as ‘insomnia or hypersomnia’ (odds ratio [OR] 2.27, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–4.17) and ‘physical symptoms’ (OR 2.24, 95 % CI: 1.37–3.66), ‘reduced social life activities’ (OR 2.71, 95 % CI 1.31–5.59), and ‘a preference for salty food’ (OR 1.89, 95 % CI: 1.20–2.98) were risk factors for school absenteeism. Conclusions One in nine Japanese female high school students were absent from school due to premenstrual symptoms. Physical premenstrual symptoms and lifestyles, such as a preference for salty food and a lack of regular exercise, were identified as risk factors for school absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tadakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan ; Division of Women's Health, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higasi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511 Japan
| | - Yasutake Monma
- Graduate Medical Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoko Koga
- Gynecology Clinic Koga, 2-5-12 Kashiwagi, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
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Ahangari A, Bäckström T, Innala E, Andersson C, Turkmen S. Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms during the menstrual cycle. Intern Med J 2016; 45:725-31. [PMID: 25871503 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), a life-threatening form of the disease, is accompanied by several pain, mental and physical symptoms. AIMS In this study, we evaluated the cyclicity of AIP and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in 32 women with DNA-diagnosed AIP during their menstrual cycles, in northern Sweden. METHODS The cyclicity of AIP symptoms and differences in them between the follicular and luteal phases, and the cyclicity of each symptom in each individual woman in different phases of her menstrual cycle were analysed with a prospective daily rating questionnaire. PMS symptoms were also evaluated in the patients on a daily rating scale. RESULTS Of the 32 women, 30 showed significant cyclicity in at least one AIP or PMS symptom (P < 0.05-0.001). Back pain (10/32) was the most frequent AIP pain symptom and sweet craving (10/15) was the most frequent PMS symptom. Pelvic pain (F = 4.823, P = 0.036), irritability (F = 7.399, P = 0.011), cheerfulness (F = 5.563, P = 0.025), sexual desire (F = 8.298, P = 0.007), friendliness (F = 6.157, P = 0.019), breast tenderness (F = 21.888, P = 0.000) and abdominal swelling (F = 16.982, P = 0.000) showed significant cyclicity. Pelvic pain and abdominal swelling (rs = 0.337, P < 0.001) showed the strongest correlation. The age of women with latent AIP was strongly correlated with abdominal swelling during the luteal phase (rs = 0.493, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the symptoms of AIP patients change during their menstrual cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahangari
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Bäckström
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Innala
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Andersson
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Turkmen
- Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Umeå Neurosteroid Research Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Pearlstein T. Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Therapeutic Challenges. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:493-496. [PMID: 26766596 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1142371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teri Pearlstein
- a Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Women's Behavioral Medicine , Women's Medicine Collaborative, a Lifespan partner , Providence , RI , USA
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Keyes K, Agnew-Blais J, Roberts AL, Hamilton A, De Vivo I, Ranu H, Koenen K. The role of allelic variation in estrogen receptor genes and major depression in the Nurses Health Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1893-904. [PMID: 26169989 PMCID: PMC4655148 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of exogenous and endogenous sex hormones in the etiology of depression remains elusive, in part because sex hormone variation is often correlated with behaviors, life stage changes, and other factors that may influence depression. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2) are known to regulate gene expression and estrogen response in areas of the brain associated with major depression and are unlikely to be correlated with exogenous factors that may influence depression. METHODS We examined whether functional polymorphisms in these genes are associated with lifetime major depression and chronic major depression among a sample of women from the Nurses' Health Study II (N = 2527). DSM-IV depressive disorder symptoms were assessed by structured interview in 2007. Genotyping was performed on DNA extracted from blood using Taq-man. RESULTS Women with the AA alleles of ESR2 RS4986938 had the higher prevalence of lifetime major depression than women with other allele frequencies (36.7 % for those with AA versus 28.5 % with GA and 29.1 % with GG, p = 0.02) and chronic major depression (14.7 % for those with AA versus 9.3 % with GA and 9.1 % with GG, p = 0.01). History of post-menopausal hormone (PMH) use modified the association of ESR1 polymorphism RS2234693 with any lifetime depression; specifically, those with the TT allele had the highest risk of lifetime depression among PMH users, and the lowest risk of depression among non-PMH users (p value for interaction = 0.02). Further, carriers of the AA alleles in ESR1 polymorphism RS9340799 had increased prevalence of lifetime major depression only among lifetime PMH users (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that estrogen receptor polymorphisms influence risk for major depression; the role of estrogen receptors and other sex steroid-related genetic factors may provide unique insights into etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - J Agnew-Blais
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A L Roberts
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - I De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - H Ranu
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Abstract
Many young women are unsure of what constitutes normal menses. By asking focused questions, pediatric providers can quickly and accurately assess menstrual function and dispel anxiety and myths. In this article, we review signs and symptoms of normal versus pathologic menstrual functioning and provide suggestions to improve menstrual history taking.
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Depressive symptoms and their relationship with endogenous reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation in premenopausal women. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 24:920-4. [PMID: 25453349 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with ovulation or reproductive hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women without a reported diagnosis of clinical depression. METHODS A prospective cohort of 248 regularly menstruating women, aged 18 to 44 years (27.3 ± 8.2) were evaluated for depressive symptoms at baseline using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and categorized dichotomously (<16, no depressive symptoms [92%] vs. ≥ 16, depressive symptoms [8%]). Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two menstrual cycles. Linear mixed models estimated associations between depressive symptoms and hormone concentrations, whereas generalized linear mixed models assessed their relationship with sporadic anovulation. RESULTS No significant associations were identified between depressive symptoms and reproductive hormone levels (all P > .05) or the odds of sporadic anovulation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, [0.02-5.0]), after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, perceived stress level, and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Despite reported associations between mental health and menstrual cycle dysfunction, depressive symptoms were not associated with reproductive hormone concentrations or sporadic anovulation in this cohort of regularly menstruating women with no recent (within 1 year) self-reported history of clinical depression.
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Celik C, Ozdemir B, Oznur T. The Effect of Stress and Depression on Gastrointestinal Diseases. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:452. [PMID: 26130644 PMCID: PMC4496894 DOI: 10.5056/jnm15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Celik
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Ozdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Oznur
- Department of Psychiatry, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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Hall E, Steiner M. Psychiatric symptoms and disorders associated with reproductive cyclicity in women: advances in screening tools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:397-415. [PMID: 26102476 DOI: 10.2217/whe.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Female-specific psychiatric illness including premenstrual dysphoria, perinatal depression, and psychopathology related to the perimenopausal period are often underdiagnosed and treated. These conditions can negatively affect the quality of life for women and their families. The development of screening tools has helped guide our understanding of these conditions. There is a wide disparity in the methods, definitions, and tools used in studies relevant to female-specific psychiatric illness. As a result, there is no consensus on one tool that is most appropriate for use in a research or clinical setting. In reviewing this topic, we hope to highlight the evolution of various tools as they have built on preexisting instruments and to identify the psychometric properties and clinical applicability of available tools. It would be valuable for researchers to reach a consensus on a core set of screening instruments specific to female psychopathology to gain consistency within and between clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hall
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Balık G, Hocaoğlu Ç, Kağıtcı M, Güvenda Güven ES. Comparison of the effects of PMDD and pre-menstrual syndrome on mood disorders and quality of life: a cross-sectional study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:616-20. [PMID: 25528894 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.991283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and disability in patients with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). Forty-nine women with PMDD were compared with 43 women with PMS. All participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic data collection form, a Brief Disability Questionnaire, a medical study short form-36 (SF-36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) forms. The patients with PMDD had higher HAD-A and HAD-D scores than the patients in PMS group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were found on brief disability between two groups (p > 0.05), but both groups had medium level of brief disability. The PMDD group had a lower SF-36 scoring than the PMS group in every compared parameters (p < 0.01). PMS and PMDD may lead to brief disability, and PMDD may cause loss of quality of life and psychological problems. The evaluation of patients with PMS and PMDD pre-menstrual disorders should be more detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Balık
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medicine School , Rize , Turkey
| | - Çiçek Hocaoğlu
- b Department of Psychiatry , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medicine School , Rize , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kağıtcı
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medicine School , Rize , Turkey
| | - Emine Seda Güvenda Güven
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medicine School , Rize , Turkey
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Menstrual and reproductive issues in adolescents with physical and developmental disabilities. Obstet Gynecol 2014; 124:367-375. [PMID: 25004333 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most obstetrician-gynecologists will encounter adolescents with disabilities in their practice, because developmental and physical disabilities are common in young patients (8.4%). Reproductive health issues such as puberty, sexuality, and menstruation can be more complicated for teenagers with disabilities and their families as a result of concerns surrounding menstrual hygiene, abuse risk, vulnerability, changes in seizure pattern, and altered mood. Teenagers with disabilities have gynecologic health care needs similar to those of their peers as well as unique needs related to their physical and cognitive issues. The gynecologic health visit for a teenager with disabilities should include an evaluation of the teenager's reproductive knowledge as well as an assessment of her abuse and coercion risk and her ability to consent to sexual activity. The menstrual history is focused on the effects of menstrual cycles on her daily life. Diagnostic testing is not different from other adolescents. Hormonal treatment is often requested by the patient and her family to alleviate abnormal bleeding, cyclic mood changes, dysmenorrhea, or a combination of these, to assist with menstrual hygiene, and to provide contraception. Menstrual manipulation can be used to induce complete amenorrhea, regulate cycles, or decrease regular menstrual flow. However, treatment risks and side effects may have a different effect on the lives of these adolescents. The comfort level of health care providers to respond to the special concerns of adolescents with disabilities is low, and several barriers exist. This review addresses the complex issues of puberty, menstruation, sexuality, abuse, and safety highlighting the distinctive needs of this population. The options and decisions around menstrual manipulation are highlighted in detail.
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is comprised of a cluster of affective, behavioral and somatic symptoms recurring monthly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The disorder affects 3-8% of menstruating women and represents the more severe and disabling end of the spectrum of premenstrual disorders, which includes premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual aggravation of underlying affective disorder. Rigorous and specific diagnostic criteria for PMDD were specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (1994) and reaffirmed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (2013) and, consequently, there has been a marked increase in well-designed, placebo-controlled studies evaluating treatment modalities. Although the exact pathogenesis of PMDD is still elusive, treatment of PMDD and severe premenstrual syndrome has centered on neuromodulation via serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, and ovulation suppression utilizing various contraceptive and hormonal preparations. Unlike the approach to the treatment of depression, serotonergic antidepressants need not be given daily, but can be effective when used cyclically, only in the luteal phase or even limited to the duration of the monthly symptoms. Less, well-substantiated alternative treatments, such as calcium supplementation, agnus castus (chasteberry), Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) and cognitive/behavioral/relaxation therapies, may be useful adjuncts in the treatment of PMDD. This review provides an overview of current information on the treatment of PMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Rapkin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740, USA
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Carvalho F, Weires K, Ebling M, Padilha MDSR, Ferrão YA, Vercelino R. Effects of acupuncture on the symptoms of anxiety and depression caused by premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Acupunct Med 2013; 31:358-63. [PMID: 24029029 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture on the symptoms of anxiety and depression brought on by premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). METHODS In a single-blind randomised clinical trial, 30 volunteers with PMDD were assigned alternately to group 1 (acupuncture) or group 2 (sham acupuncture), and completed an evaluation of symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scales. The procedure was performed twice a week for two menstrual cycles, for a total of 16 attendances for each participant. RESULTS Before the intervention the mean HAM-A and HAM-D scores did not differ between groups. Following the intervention symptoms of anxiety and depression were reduced in both groups; however, the improvement was significant in group 1 compared to group 2, as shown by a mean reduction in HAM-A scores of 58.9% in group 1 and 21.2% in group 2 (p<0.001). The reduction in the mean HAM-D scores was 52.0% in group 1 and 19.6% in group 2, resulting in a significant difference (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that acupuncture could be another treatment option for PMDD patients.
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