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Cruz NAN, de Oliveira LCG, Fernandes FB, Zaniqueli DDA, Oliosa PR, Mill JG, Casarini DE. Pediatric dyslipidemia is associated with increased urinary ACE activity, blood pressure values, and carotidal-femoral pulse wave velocity. Hypertens Res 2023:10.1038/s41440-023-01240-y. [PMID: 36959504 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in children and adolescents to investigate their relationship with dyslipidemia and other cardiometabolic alterations. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), and fasting lipid concentrations were taken from 360 subjects. Categorization was done according to the levels of each lipoprotein (total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C) into three groups: normolipidemic (NL), borderline (BL), and dyslipidemic (DL). Enzymatic activity in urine was measured using the substrates Z-FHL-OH and hippuryl-HL-OH (h-HL-OH) and the ACE activity ratio (Z-FHL-OH/h-HL-OH) was calculated. Dyslipidemic levels of HDL-C, TG, and LDL-C were observed in 23%, 9%, and 3% of the participants, respectively, and were more frequent in obese children (Chi-square, p < 0.001). ACE activity ratio was augmented in BL(HDL-C) when compared to NL(HDL-C) (5.06 vs. 2.39, p < 0.01), in DL(LDL-C) in comparison to BL(LDL-C) and NL(LDL-C) (8.7 vs. 1.8 vs. 3.0, p < 0.01), and in DL(non-HDL-C) than in BL(non-HDL-C) and in NL(non-HDL-C) (6.3 vs. 2.1 vs. 2.9, p = 0.02). The groups with impaired HDL-C and TG levels presented an increased diastolic BP percentile, and a higher systolic BP percentile was observed in BL(TG) and DL(TG). The carotidal-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was higher in the groups with DL levels of TG and LDL-C than in NL groups. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with higher cfPWV. No direct impact of the ACE activity on BP values was observed in this cohort, however, there was an association between hyperlipidemia and ACE upregulation which can trigger mechanisms driving to early onset of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Graphical abstract exemplifying the cohort, categorization of subjects into the groups NL normolipidemic, BL borderline, DL dyslipidemic, methods, and main findings. Pediatric dyslipidemia was consistent with dyslipidemia secondary to obesity (DSO), associated with higher urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity ratio, BP blood pressure values, and carotidal-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Polyana Romano Oliosa
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cabiati M, Sgalippa A, Federico G, Del Ry S. C-type natriuretic peptide in childhood obesity. Peptides 2021; 145:170639. [PMID: 34425175 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization obesity is the result of an energy imbalance between calories assumed and expended and over the past 30 years its incidence has dramatically increased. Recently, the problem of obesity has drastically increased also in childhood, assuming a social relevance. Childhood obesity, in fact, increases the possibility to be obese in adulthood, representing a risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim of this review was to carry out a revision of the literature on childhood obesity focusing on natriuretic peptides (NPs) and in particular on the role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). In obesity NPs play a fundamental role in the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. Data on plasma CNP levels in children are scarce. The review of the literature relating to the role of CNP in adolescents showed a progressive reduction in the CNP plasma levels in overweight/obese adolescents compared to normal-weight subjects, as previously observed in obese adults, as well as a different modulation in CNP mRNA expression. An independent association between CNP levels and obesity as well as a significant association with the endothelial dysfunction index was reported, indicating that the peptide could play a very important role as a marker of risk of developing obesity. The results of these studies indicate the importance of adopting healthy lifestyles to improve glucometabolic control as well as to provide the rationale for designing and developing new drugs to modulate the NPs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnese Sgalippa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Rhabdomyolysis due to rosuvastatin in a patient with ROHHAD syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:789-792. [PMID: 34600840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a 13-year-old female with rapid-onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome, panhypopituitarism, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, who developed rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury, two weeks after switching from lovastatin to rosuvastatin. She had been on lovastatin for eight years without any adverse effects.
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4
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Finch ER, Payton MA, Jenkins DA, Cai X, Li L, Karol SE, Relling MV, Janke LJ. Fenofibrate reduces osteonecrosis without affecting antileukemic efficacy in dexamethasone-treated mice. Haematologica 2021; 106:2095-2101. [PMID: 32675219 PMCID: PMC8327737 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.252767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) indicate that severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1000 mg/dL) during therapy is associated with an increased frequency of symptomatic osteonecrosis. Interventions to lower triglycerides have been considered, but there have been no preclinical studies investigating the impact of lowering triglycerides on osteonecrosis risk, nor whether such interventions interfere with the antileukemic efficacy of ALL treatment. We utilized our clinically relevant mouse model of dexamethasoneinduced osteonecrosis to determine whether fenofibrate decreased osteonecrosis. To test whether fenofibrate affected the antileukemic efficacy of dexamethasone, we utilized a BCR-ABL+ model of ALL. Serum triglycerides were reduced by fenofibrate throughout the period of treatment, with the most pronounced, 4.5-fold, decrease at week 3 (P<1x10-6). Both frequency (33% vs. 74%, P=0.006) and severity (median necrosis score of 0 vs. 75; P=6x10-5) of osteonecrosis were reduced with fenofibrate. Fenofibrate had no impact on BCR-ABL+ ALL survival (P=0.65) nor on the antileukemic properties of dexamethasone (P=0.49). These data suggest that lowering triglycerides with fenofibrate reduces dexamethasone- induced osteonecrosis while maintaining antileukemic efficacy, and thus may be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Finch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monique A Payton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David A Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiangjun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Seth E Karol
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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5
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King K, Macken A, Blake O, O'Gorman CS. Cholesterol screening and statin use in children: a literature review. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:179-188. [PMID: 29858795 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis begins in childhood. Fatty streaks, the earliest precursor of atherosclerotic lesions, have been found in the coronary arteries of children of 2 years of age. Hypercholesterolaemia is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Hypercholesterolaemia can be either primary, when it is characteristic of the main disease, or secondary when it occurs as a result of either a disease process or drug treatment. Given the risk of vascular disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA, also known as strokes), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and ruptured aortic aneurysm, which may follow atherosclerosis, it is important to prevent or slow the early development of atherosclerotic lesions. This prevention necessitates the control of key risk factors such hypercholesterolaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension etc. However, at what point this prevention ought to occur, and in what form, is uncertain. Using pharmacological primary prevention for hypercholesterolaemia in the paediatric population is controversial. In an adult patient, hypercholesterolaemia warrants the initiation of a statin. Statins, also known as hydroxymethylglutaryl co-enzyme A inhibitors (or HMG-CoA inhibitors) act by altering cholesterol metabolism. In the paediatric population, the clinical course of vascular disease and the effect of altering this clinical course are less certain. This article reviews the published literature on hypercholesterolaemia in children and the use of statins as a treatment for dyslipidaemia in children. The US National Cholesterol Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents 2012 guidelines (NCEP guidelines) regarding the recognition and treatment of childhood dyslipidaemia are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen King
- The Children's Ark, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland.
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Alan Macken
- The Children's Ark, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Ophelia Blake
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Clodagh S O'Gorman
- The Children's Ark, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
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Yuan X, Wang L, Bhat OM, Lohner H, Li PL. Differential effects of short chain fatty acids on endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and neointima formation: Antioxidant action of butyrate. Redox Biol 2018; 16:21-31. [PMID: 29475132 PMCID: PMC5842312 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a family of gut microbial metabolites, have been reported to promote preservation of endothelial function and thereby exert anti-atherosclerotic action. However, the precise mechanism mediating this protective action of SCFAs remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on the activation of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome in endothelial cells (ECs) and associated carotid neointima formation. Using a partial ligated carotid artery (PLCA) mouse model fed with the Western diet (WD), we found that butyrate significantly decreased Nlrp3 inflammasome formation and activation in the carotid arterial wall of wild type mice (Asc+/+), which was comparable to the effect of gene deletion of the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein gene (Asc-/-). Nevertheless, both acetate and propionate markedly enhanced the formation and activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome as well as carotid neointima formation in the carotid arteries with PLCA in Asc+/+, but not Asc-/- mice. In cultured ECs (EOMA cells), butyrate was found to significantly decrease the formation and activation of Nlrp3 inflammasomes induced by 7-ketocholesterol (7-Ket) or cholesterol crystals (CHC), while acetate did not inhibit Nlrp3 inflammasome activation induced by either 7-Ket or CHC, but itself even activated Nlrp3 inflammsomes. Mechanistically, the inhibitory action of butyrate on the Nlrp3 inflammasome was attributed to a blockade of lipid raft redox signaling platforms to produce O2•- upon 7-Ket or CHC stimulations. These results indicate that SCFAs have differential effects on endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and associated carotid neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hannah Lohner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Kim K, Kleinman HK, Lee HJ, Pahan K. Safety and potential efficacy of gemfibrozil as a supportive treatment for children with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and other lipid storage disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017. [PMID: 28623936 PMCID: PMC5474050 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is a group of genetically distinct lysosomal disorders that mainly affect the central nervous system, resulting in progressive motor and cognitive decline primarily in children. Multiple distinct genes involved in the metabolism of lipids have been identified to date with various mutations in this family of diseases. There is no cure for these diseases but some new therapeutic approaches have been tested that offer more hope than the standard palliative care. Many of the therapeutic advances require invasive procedures but some progress in slowing the disease has been found and more options can be expected in the future. We also review the literature on children with disease/conditions other than NCL for the non-invasive use, safety, and tolerability of a lipid-lowering drug, gemfibrozil, as a potential treatment for NCLs. Gemfibrozil has shown efficacy in an animal model of NCL known as CLN2 (late infantile classic juvenile) and has been shown to be safe for lowering lipids in children. Among the 200 non-NCL children found in the published literature who were treated with gemfibrozil for NCL-related problems, only 3 experienced adverse events, including 2 with muscle pain and 1 with localized linear IgA bullous dermatitis. We conclude that gemfibrozil is safe for long-term use in children, causes minimal adverse events, is well tolerated, and may delay the progression of NCLs. Gemfibrozil may potentially be an alternative to more invasive therapeutic approaches currently under investigation and has the potential to be used in combination with other therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Hynda K Kleinman
- Polaryx Therapeutics Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA. .,The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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An update on the assessment and management of metabolic syndrome, a growing medical emergency in paediatric populations. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:99-117. [PMID: 28111263 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades the increasing rate of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide has led to the onset in paediatric age of metabolic syndrome, a disease commonly associated to adulthood. Central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension are typical features of metabolic syndrome that seem to hesitate often in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and many other clinical conditions. Thus preventing and curing metabolic syndrome in paediatric patients is becoming an urgent need for public health. While diagnostic criteria and therapy of metabolic syndrome in adults are very well defined, there is no consensus on the definition of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents as well as on healing approaches. The aim of this review is to describe the recent advances on the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of paediatric metabolic syndrome. We then detail the therapeutic strategies (i.e. dietary regimens, physical exercise, nutraceuticals, and medications) employed to manage the disease. Finally, we analyse the safety profile of the drugs used in children and adolescents by performing a retrospective review of paediatric adverse reactions reported in the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System database.
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9
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Olivares-Rubio HF, Vega-López A. Fatty acid metabolism in fish species as a biomarker for environmental monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:297-312. [PMID: 27453357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by Organic Contaminants (OC) in aquatic environments is a relevant issue at the global scale. Lipids comprised of Fatty Acids (FA) play many important roles in the physiology and life history of fishes. Toxic effects of OC are partly dependent on its bioaccumulation in the lipids of aquatic organisms due its physicochemical properties. Therefore, there is an increasing interest to investigate the gene expression as well as the presence and activity of proteins involved in FA metabolism. The attention on Peroxisome Proliferation Activate Receptors (PPARs) also prevails in fish species exposed to OC and in the transport, biosynthesis and β-oxidation of FA. Several studies have been conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate these biological aspects of fish species exposed to OC, as fibrates, endocrine disrupting compounds, perfluoroalkyl acids, flame retardants, metals and mixtures of organic compounds associated with a polluted area. However, only fibrates, which are agonists of PPARs, induce biological responses suitable to be considered as biomarkers of exposure to these pollutants. According to the documented findings on this topic, it is unlikely that these physiological aspects are suitable to be employed as biomarkers with some noticeable exceptions, which depend on experimental design. This emphasises the need to investigate the responses in fish treated with mixtures of OC and in wild fish species from polluted areas to validate or refute the suitability of these biomarkers for environmental or fish health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares-Rubio
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, C. P. 07738, Mexico.
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, C. P. 07738, Mexico.
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Black PN, Ahowesso C, Montefusco D, Saini N, DiRusso CC. Fatty Acid Transport Proteins: Targeting FATP2 as a Gatekeeper Involved in the Transport of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:612-622. [PMID: 27446528 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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11
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McCrindle BW. Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Obesity. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among Balearic Islands adolescents, a Mediterranean region. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:722-8. [PMID: 25351644 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among the Balearic Islands' adolescent population. SUBJECTS/METHODS A random sample (n=362, 143 boys and 219 girls, aged 12-17 years) was interviewed, anthropometrically measured and fasting blood samples taken. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as the presence of one or more of the following levels (mg/dl): total cholesterol (TChol)⩾200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol)⩾130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-chol)⩾145, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol)<40 and tryglicerides (TG)⩾130. RESULTS The overall prevalence of borderline-high+high TChol, LDL-chol, non-HDL-chol and TG was 24.3, 10.4, 13.3 and 14.9%, respectively. The TChol prevalence was higher among girls (27.8%) than the boys (19.1%). The overall prevalence of borderline-low+low HDL-chol was 12.2% (boys 20.7%; girls 6.3%). The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.7% (boys 14.9%; girls 12.9%). Low HDL-chol levels were the most prevalent dyslipidaemia in boys (6.4%) and high TChol in girls (9.1%). Overweight/obese subjects were more likely to have at least one abnormal lipid concentration (odds ratio (OR): 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-4.15) and subjects with abdominal obesity were more likely to have at least one abnormal lipid level (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.04-9.66). CONCLUSIONS One in ten Balearic Islands' adolescents has at least one abnormal lipid concentration. Body mass index status and waist-to-height ratio were associated with the prevalence of at least one abnormal lipid level.
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Bansode RR, Randolph P, Ahmedna M, Hurley S, Hanner T, Baxter SAS, Johnston TA, Su M, Holmes BM, Yu J, Williams LL. Bioavailability of polyphenols from peanut skin extract associated with plasma lipid lowering function. Food Chem 2013; 148:24-9. [PMID: 24262521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peanut skin is a rich source of polyphenols including procyanidins and is shown to have hypolipidemic properties. This study investigated the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols using a rat model. First, the bioavailability of peanut skin polyphenols in rat plasma was evaluated. Our results showed procyanidin A2 levels in plasma peaked within 30 min of ingestion. The results of a second study show that peanut skin extract supplemented in addition to oil gavage resulted in significant decrease in plasma triglyceride and VLDL within 5h. In the third study, rats were given a Western type diet for 5 weeks with peanut skin extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. The main effects observed were lowering of total blood lipid and reduction of the plasma fatty acids profile. Our results suggest that procyanidin A may impart a key role of hypolipidemic effect seen in peanut skin polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishipal R Bansode
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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