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Kolar L, Šušnjara P, Stupin M, Stupin A, Jukić I, Mihaljević Z, Kolobarić N, Bebek I, Nejašmić D, Lovrić M, Drenjančević I. Enhanced Microvascular Adaptation to Acute Physical Stress and Reduced Oxidative Stress in Male Athletes Who Consumed Chicken Eggs Enriched with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidants-Randomized Clinical Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2140. [PMID: 38004280 PMCID: PMC10671927 DOI: 10.3390/life13112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This randomized interventional study aimed to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, selenium, vitamin E, and lutein supplementation in the form of enriched chicken egg consumption on microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation, oxidative stress, and microvascular response to an acute strenuous training session (ASTS) in competitive athletes. Thirty-one male athletes were assigned to a control (n = 17) or a Nutri4 group (n = 14) who consumed three regular or enriched chicken eggs per day, respectively, for 3 weeks. Significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent responses to vascular occlusion (PORH) and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (AChID) were observed in the Nutri4 group but not in the control group after egg consumption. Formation of peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as serum concentration of 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, decreased in the Nutri4 group while remaining unchanged in controls. PORH and AChID were reduced post-ASTS compared with pre-ASTS, both before and after the diets, in both groups. However, the range of PORH responsiveness to ASTS (ΔPORH) increased after consumption of enriched eggs. These results suggest that consumption of enriched chicken eggs has a beneficial effect on microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the reduction of oxidative stress levels in competitive athletes. Also, microvascular adaptation to the ASTS was improved after consumption of Nutri4 eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kolar
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia;
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Iva Bebek
- BICRO BIOCENTAR d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (D.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Diana Nejašmić
- BICRO BIOCENTAR d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (D.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Marija Lovrić
- BICRO BIOCENTAR d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.B.); (D.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (P.Š.); (A.S.); (I.J.); (Z.M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Alfieri A, D’Angelo S, Mazzeo F. Role of Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:4429. [PMID: 37892504 PMCID: PMC10609987 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Health promotion requires good nutrition and an adequate lifestyle, which together contribute to people's well-being [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Alfieri
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.M.)
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Tarracchini C, Fontana F, Lugli GA, Mancabelli L, Alessandri G, Turroni F, Ventura M, Milani C. Investigation of the Ecological Link between Recurrent Microbial Human Gut Communities and Physical Activity. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0042022. [PMID: 35377222 PMCID: PMC9045144 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00420-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown an association between the composition of intestinal microbial communities and host physical activity, suggesting that modifications of the gut microbiota composition may support training, performance, and post-exercise recovery of the host. Nevertheless, investigation of differences in the gut microbiota between athletes and individuals with reduced physical activity is still lacking. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 207 publicly available shotgun metagenomics sequencing data of fecal samples from athletes and healthy non-athletes. Accordingly, analysis of species-level fecal microbial profiles revealed three recurring compositional patterns, named HPC1 to 3, that characterize the host based on their commitment to physical activity. Interestingly, the gut microbiome of athletes showed a higher abundance of anti-inflammatory, health-promoting bacteria than that of non-athletic individuals. Moreover, the bacterial species profiled in the gut of professional athletes are short-fatty acid producers, which potentially improve energy production, and therefore sports performances. Intriguingly, microbial interaction network analyses suggested that exercise-induced microbiota adaptation involves the whole microbial community structure, resulting in a complex microbe-microbe interplay driven by positive relationships among the predicted butyrate-producing community members. IMPORTANCE Through metagenomic analyses, this work revealed that athletes have a gut-associated microbial community enriched in butyrate-producing species compared with non-athletes. This evidence can support the existence of a two-way association between the host's lifestyle and the gut microbiota composition, with potential intriguing athletic performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio Srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Wachsmuth NB, Aberer F, Haupt S, Schierbauer JR, Zimmer RT, Eckstein ML, Zunner B, Schmidt W, Niedrist T, Sourij H, Moser O. The Impact of a High-Carbohydrate/Low Fat vs. Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Performance and Body Composition in Physically Active Adults: A Cross-Over Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030423. [PMID: 35276780 PMCID: PMC8838503 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, high-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate (HC/LC) diets have gained substantial popularity, speculated to improve physical performance in athletes; however, the effects of short-term changes of the aforementioned nutritional interventions remain largely unclear. Methods: The present study investigated the impact of a three-week period of HC/low-fat (HC) diet followed by a three-week wash-out-phase and subsequent LC diet on the parameters of physical capacity assessed via cardiopulmonary exercise testing, body composition via bioimpedance analysis and blood profiles, which were assessed after each of the respective diet periods. Twenty-four physically active adults (14 females, age 25.8 ± 3.7 years, body mass index 22.1 ± 2.2 kg/m2), of which six participants served as a control group, were enrolled in the study. Results: After three weeks of each diet, VO2peak was comparable following both interventions (46.8 ± 6.7 (HC) vs. 47.2 ± 6.7 mL/kg/min (LC; p = 0.58)) while a significantly higher peak performance (251 ± 43 W (HC) vs. 240 ± 45 W (LC); (p = 0.0001), longer time to exhaustion (14.5 ± 2.4 min (HC) vs. 14.1 ± 2.4 min (LC); p = 0.002) and greater Watt/kg performance (4.1 ± 0.5 W/kg (HC) vs. 3.9 ± 0.5 W/kg (LC); p = 0.003) was demonstrated after the HC diet. In both trial arms, a significant reduction in body mass (65.2 ± 11.2 to 63.8 ± 11.8 kg (HC) vs. 64.8 ± 11.6 to 63.5 ± 11.3 kg (LC); both p < 0.0001) and fat mass (22.7% to 21.2%; (HC) vs. 22.3% to 20.6% (LC); both p < 0.0001) but not in lean body mass or skeletal muscle mass was shown when compared to baseline. Resting metabolic rate was not different within both groups (p > 0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased after the HC diet (97.9 ± 33.6 mg/dL at baseline to 78.2 ± 23.5 mg/dL; p = 0.02) while triglycerides significantly increased (76 ± 38 mg/dL at baseline to 104 ± 44 mg/dL; p = 0.005). Conclusion: A short-term HC and LC diet showed improvements in various performance parameters in favor of the HC diet. Some parameters of body composition significantly changed during both diets. The HC diet led to a significant reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol while triglycerides significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine B. Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)921-55-3465
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Janis R. Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Rebecca T. Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Max L. Eckstein
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Beate Zunner
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Walter Schmidt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (N.B.W.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (M.L.E.); (B.Z.); (W.S.); (O.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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