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Anthony H, Seoighe C. Performance assessment of computational tools to detect microsatellite instability. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae390. [PMID: 39129364 PMCID: PMC11317526 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a phenomenon seen in several cancer types, which can be used as a biomarker to help guide immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. To facilitate this, researchers have developed computational tools to categorize samples as having high microsatellite instability, or as being microsatellite stable using next-generation sequencing data. Most of these tools were published with unclear scope and usage, and they have yet to be independently benchmarked. To address these issues, we assessed the performance of eight leading MSI tools across several unique datasets that encompass a wide variety of sequencing methods. While we were able to replicate the original findings of each tool on whole exome sequencing data, most tools had worse receiver operating characteristic and precision-recall area under the curve values on whole genome sequencing data. We also found that they lacked agreement with one another and with commercial MSI software on gene panel data, and that optimal threshold cut-offs vary by sequencing type. Lastly, we tested tools made specifically for RNA sequencing data and found they were outperformed by tools designed for use with DNA sequencing data. Out of all, two tools (MSIsensor2, MANTIS) performed well across nearly all datasets, but when all datasets were combined, their precision decreased. Our results caution that MSI tools can have much lower performance on datasets other than those on which they were originally evaluated, and in the case of RNA sequencing tools, can even perform poorly on the type of data for which they were created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Anthony
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, Galway D02 FX65, Ireland
| | - Cathal Seoighe
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, Galway D02 FX65, Ireland
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Gueye A, Maroun B, Zimur A, Berkovits T, Tan SM. The future of collaborative precision oncology approaches in sub-Saharan Africa: learnings from around the globe. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1426558. [PMID: 38974239 PMCID: PMC11224929 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1426558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the projected incidence and mortality of cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) rises to epidemic proportions, it is imperative that more is done to identify the genomic differences and commonalities between patients of African and European ancestry to fulfil the promise of precision oncology. Here, we summarize the utility of precision oncology approaches, with a focus on comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) and consolidate examples of national and international consortia that are driving the field forward. We describe the importance of genomic diversity and its relevance in cancer, and propose recommendations, success factors and desired outcomes for precision oncology consortia to adopt in SSA. Through this, we hope to catalyze the initiation of such projects and to contribute to improving cancer patient outcomes in the region.
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Kim HR, Lee SJ, Ahn MS, Kim JE, Kang MJ, Hong JY, Lee J, Kim ST. Imatinib in c-KIT-mutated metastatic solid tumors: A multicenter trial of Korean Cancer Study Group (UN18-05 Trial). J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:972-978. [PMID: 39023605 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2698_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted an open-label, single-arm, multi-center phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imatinib chemotherapy-refractory or metastatic solid tumor patients with c-KIT mutations and/or amplification. METHODS c-KIT mutations and amplification were detected using NGS. Imatinib (400 mg daily) was administered continuously in 28-day cycles until disease progression, unacceptable adverse events, or death by any cause. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). RESULT In total, 18 patients were enrolled on this trial. The most common tumor type was melanoma (n = 15, 83.3%), followed by ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and metastasis of unknown origin (MUO) (each n = 1, 5.5%). The total number of evaluable patients was 17, of which one patient had a complete response, six patients had partial response, and two patients had stable disease. The overall response rate (ORR) of 41.2% (95% CI 17.80-64.60) and a disease control rate of 52.9% (95% CI 29.17-76.63). The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months (95% CI 1.29-3.20), and median overall survival was 9.1 months (95% CI 2.10-16.11). The most common adverse events were edema (31.3%), anorexia (25.0%), nausea (18.8%), and skin rash (18.8%). CONCLUSION Imatinib demonstrated modest anti-tumor activity and a manageable safety profile in chemotherapy-refractory solid tumors with c-KIT mutation, especially in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Ahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fielding D, Lakis V, Dalley AJ, Chittoory H, Newell F, Koufariotis LT, Patch AM, Kazakoff S, Bashirzadeh F, Son JH, Ryan K, Steinfort D, Williamson JP, Bint M, Pahoff C, Nguyen PT, Twaddell S, Arnold D, Grainge C, Pattison A, Fairbairn D, Gune S, Christie J, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Pearson JV, Lakhani SR, Waddell N, Simpson PT, Nones K. Evaluation of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) Samples from Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Comprehensive Panel Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:785. [PMID: 38398180 PMCID: PMC10887389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is often the only source of tumor tissue from patients with advanced, inoperable lung cancer. EBUS-TBNA aspirates are used for the diagnosis, staging, and genomic testing to inform therapy options. Here we extracted DNA and RNA from 220 EBUS-TBNA aspirates to evaluate their suitability for whole genome (WGS), whole exome (WES), and comprehensive panel sequencing. For a subset of 40 cases, the same nucleic acid extraction was sequenced using WGS, WES, and the TruSight Oncology 500 assay. Genomic features were compared between sequencing platforms and compared with those reported by clinical testing. A total of 204 aspirates (92.7%) had sufficient DNA (100 ng) for comprehensive panel sequencing, and 109 aspirates (49.5%) had sufficient material for WGS. Comprehensive sequencing platforms detected all seven clinically reported tier 1 actionable mutations, an additional three (7%) tier 1 mutations, six (15%) tier 2-3 mutations, and biomarkers of potential immunotherapy benefit (tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability). As expected, WGS was more suited for the detection and discovery of emerging novel biomarkers of treatment response. WGS could be performed in half of all EBUS-TBNA aspirates, which points to the enormous potential of EBUS-TBNA as source material for large, well-curated discovery-based studies for novel and more effective predictors of treatment response. Comprehensive panel sequencing is possible in the vast majority of fresh EBUS-TBNA aspirates and enhances the detection of actionable mutations over current clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fielding
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Lambros T. Koufariotis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Kimberley Ryan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonathan P. Williamson
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Liverpool Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Phan Tien Nguyen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Scott Twaddell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - David Arnold
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrew Pattison
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Shailendra Gune
- NSW Health Pathology South, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Jemma Christie
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - John V. Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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Feng B, Lai J, Fan X, Liu Y, Wang M, Wu P, Zhou Z, Yan Q, Sun L. Systematic comparison of variant calling pipelines of target genome sequencing cross multiple next-generation sequencers. Front Genet 2024; 14:1293974. [PMID: 38239851 PMCID: PMC10794554 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1293974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted genomic sequencing (TS) greatly benefits precision oncology by rapidly detecting genetic variations with better accuracy and sensitivity owing to its high sequencing depth. Multiple sequencing platforms and variant calling tools are available for TS, making it excruciating for researchers to choose. Therefore, benchmarking study across different platforms and pipelines available for TS is imperative. In this study, we performed a TS of Reference OncoSpan FFPE (HD832) sample enriched by TSO500 panel using four commercially available sequencers, and analyzed the output 50 datasets using five commonly-used bioinformatics pipelines. We systematically investigated the sequencing quality and variant detection sensitivity, expecting to provide optimal recommendations for future research. Four sequencing platforms returned highly concordant results in terms of base quality (Q20 > 94%), sequencing coverage (>97%) and depth (>2000×). Benchmarking revealed good concordance of variant calling across different platforms and pipelines, among which, FASTASeq 300 platform showed the highest sensitivity (100%) and precision (100%) in high-confidence variants calling when analyzed by SNVer and VarScan 2 algorithms. Furthermore, this sequencer demonstrated the shortest sequencing time (∼21 h) at the sequencing mode PE150. Through the intersection of 50 datasets generated in this study, we recommended a novel set of variant genes outside the truth set published by HD832, expecting to replenish HD832 for future research on tumor variant diagnosis. Besides, we applied these five tools to another panel (TargetSeq One) for Twist cfDNA Pan-cancer Reference Standard, comprehensive consideration of SNP and InDel sensitivity, SNVer and VarScan 2 performed best among them. Furthermore, SNVer and VarScan 2 also performed best for six cancer cell lines samples regarding SNP and InDel sensitivity. Considering the dissimilarity of variant calls across different pipelines for datasets from the same platform, we recommended an integration of multiple tools to improve variant calling sensitivity and accuracy for the cancer genome. Illumina and GeneMind technologies can be used independently or together by public health laboratories performing tumor TS. SNVer and VarScan 2 perform better regarding variant detection sensitivity for three typical tumor samples. Our study provides a standardized target sequencing resource to benchmark new bioinformatics protocols and sequencing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Feng
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Lai
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Wang
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wu
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhou
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Yan
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Sun
- GeneMind Biosciences Company Limited, Shenzhen, China
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van de Weijer LL, Ercolano E, Zhang T, Shah M, Banton MC, Na J, Adams CL, Hilton D, Kurian KM, Hanemann CO. A novel patient-derived meningioma spheroid model as a tool to study and treat epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in meningiomas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:198. [PMID: 38102708 PMCID: PMC10725030 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial brain tumours. These tumours are heterogeneous and encompass a wide spectrum of clinical aggressivity. Treatment options are limited to surgery and radiotherapy and have a risk of post-operative morbidities and radiation neurotoxicity, reflecting the need for new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) patient-derived cell culture models have been shown to closely recapitulate in vivo tumour biology, including microenvironmental interactions and have emerged as a robust tool for drug development. Here, we established a novel easy-to-use 3D patient-derived meningioma spheroid model using a scaffold-free approach. Patient-derived meningioma spheroids were characterised and compared to patient tissues and traditional monolayer cultures by histology, genomics, and transcriptomics studies. Patient-derived meningioma spheroids closely recapitulated morphological and molecular features of matched patient tissues, including patient histology, genomic alterations, and components of the immune microenvironment, such as a CD68 + and CD163 + positive macrophage cell population. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling revealed an increase in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in meningioma spheroids compared to traditional monolayer cultures, confirming this model as a tool to elucidate EMT in meningioma. Therefore, as proof of concept study, we developed a treatment strategy to target EMT in meningioma. We found that combination therapy using the MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK) inhibitor UNC2025 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) effectively decreased meningioma spheroid viability and proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated this combination therapy significantly increased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and had a repressive effect on WHO grade 2-derived spheroid invasion, which is suggestive of a partial reversal of EMT in meningioma spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurien L van de Weijer
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Emanuela Ercolano
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Ting Zhang
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Maryam Shah
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Matthew C Banton
- Faculty of Health: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Juri Na
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK
| | - David Hilton
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Derriford, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, Devon, UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- University of Bristol Medical School & North Bristol Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS1 0NB, UK
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Derriford Research Facility, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, Devon, UK.
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Mosteiro M, Azuara D, Villatoro S, Alay A, Gausachs M, Varela M, Baixeras N, Pijuan L, Ajenjo-Bauza M, Lopez-Doriga A, Teulé Á, Solanes A, Palmero R, Brenes J, Jové M, Padrones S, Moreno V, Cordero D, Matías-Guiu X, Lázaro C, Nadal E. Molecular profiling and feasibility using a comprehensive hybrid capture panel on a consecutive series of non-small-cell lung cancer patients from a single centre. ESMO Open 2023; 8:102197. [PMID: 38070435 PMCID: PMC10774954 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is recommended to screen actionable genomic alterations (GAs) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We determined the feasibility to detect actionable GAs using TruSight™ Oncology 500 (TSO500) in 200 consecutive patients with NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA and RNA were sequenced on an Illumina® NextSeq 550 instrument and processed using the TSO500 Docker pipeline. Clinical actionability was defined within the molecular tumour board following European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines for oncogene-addicted NSCLC. Overall survival (OS) was estimated as per the presence of druggable GAs and treatment with targeted therapy. RESULTS Most patients were males (69.5%) and former or current smokers (86.5%). Median age was 64 years. The most common histological type and tumour stage were lung adenocarcinoma (81%) and stage IV (64%), respectively. Sequencing was feasible in most patients (93.5%) and actionable GAs were found in 26.5% of patients. A high concordance was observed between single-gene testing and TSO500 NGS panel. Patients harbouring druggable GAs and receiving targeted therapy achieved longer OS compared to patients without druggable GAs. Conversely, patients with druggable GAs not receiving targeted therapy had a trend toward shorter OS compared with driver-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid capture sequencing using TSO500 panel is feasible to analyse clinical samples from patients with NSCLC and is an efficient tool for screening actionable GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mosteiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Azuara
- Laboratory Core Molecular Analysis (L-CAM), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell) Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Villatoro
- Laboratory Core Molecular Analysis (L-CAM), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alay
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology (UBOP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gausachs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Varela
- Laboratory Core Molecular Analysis (L-CAM), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Baixeras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Pijuan
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ajenjo-Bauza
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology (UBOP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Lopez-Doriga
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology (UBOP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Á Teulé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell) Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Solanes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell) Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Palmero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Brenes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jové
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Padrones
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Cordero
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology (UBOP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - X Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory Core Molecular Analysis (L-CAM), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Lázaro
- Laboratory Core Molecular Analysis (L-CAM), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge and Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell) Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Pankiw M, Brezden-Masley C, Charames GS. Comprehensive genomic profiling for oncological advancements by precision medicine. Med Oncol 2023; 41:1. [PMID: 37993657 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Considerable advancements in next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have sparked the use of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) as a guiding tool for precision-centered oncological treatments. The past two decades have seen the completion of the human genome project, and the consequential invention of NGS. High-throughput sequencing technologies support the discovery and commonplace use of individualized cancer treatments, specifically immune-centered checkpoint inhibitor therapies, and oncogene and tumor suppressor gene targeted therapies. Nevertheless, CGP is not commonly used in all clinical settings. This review investigates the clinically relevant applications of CGP. Studies published between the years 2000-2023 have shown substantial evidence of the benefits of integrating CGP into routine care practice, while also making important comparisons to current-standard oncological treatment strategies. Findings of a comprehensive genomic profile includes predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers, together with somatic mutation identification which can indicate the efficacy of immunotherapies and molecularly guided therapies. This review highlights the importance of CGP in identifying driver mutations in tumors that subsequently can be effectively targeted with molecular therapeutics and lead to drug discovery, allowing for increased precision in treating tumors selectively based on their specific genetic mutations, thereby improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Pankiw
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Brezden-Masley
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George S Charames
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Mount Sinai Services, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Kukita Y, Kunimasa K, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Tahara H. A Method for Extending Target Regions of Genomic Profiling by Combining a Custom Probe Pool with a Commercial Targeted Panel. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:1065-1073. [PMID: 37748758 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genomic profiling is becoming widespread in determining treatment policies for patients with tumors. Commercially available gene panels for pan-tumor targets comprise hundreds of tumor-related genes but frequently lack genes of interest in specific tumor types. In this study, we demonstrate a method for extending target regions of genomic profiling by combining a custom probe pool with a commercial targeted panel. METHODS We used TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) as a commercial targeted panel and a custom probe pool designed for all exons of the SMARCA2 gene. Sequencing libraries of custom targets were constructed using a portion of the TSO500 library solution before the hybridization-capture process. After hybridization capture, both libraries were combined and sequenced using a next-generation sequencer. RESULTS Sequencing results showed that >96.8% and 100% of the target exons were covered at a depth of over 100× using the TSO500 and custom panels, respectively. The custom panels had slightly better median exon coverage than the TSO500. The combined libraries of the custom and TSO500 panels showed a mapped read ratio close to the mixing ratio. Analysis of mutation-free regions showed similar accuracies between the TSO500 and custom panels regarding variant calling. CONCLUSIONS Our devised method easily and affordably extends the targets beyond a ready-made panel. This method provides a valuable solution until the widespread adoption of whole-exome sequencing, which is costly for large target sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Donker HC, Cuppens K, Froyen G, Groen HJM, Hiltermann TJN, Maes B, Schuuring E, Volders PJ, Lunter GA, van Es B. Reliability of panel-based mutational signatures for immune-checkpoint-inhibition efficacy prediction in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 182:107286. [PMID: 37421934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutational signatures (MS) are gaining traction for deriving therapeutic insights for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). We asked if MS attributions from comprehensive targeted sequencing assays are reliable enough for predicting ICI efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Somatic mutations of m = 126 patients were assayed using panel-based sequencing of 523 cancer-related genes. In silico simulations of MS attributions for various panels were performed on a separate dataset of m = 101 whole genome sequenced patients. Non-synonymous mutations were deconvoluted using COSMIC v3.3 signatures and used to test a previously published machine learning classifier. RESULTS The ICI efficacy predictor performed poorly with an accuracy of 0.51-0.09+0.09, average precision of 0.52-0.11+0.11, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.50-0.09+0.10. Theoretical arguments, experimental data, and in silico simulations pointed to false negative rates (FNR) related to panel size. A secondary effect was observed, where deconvolution of small ensembles of point mutations lead to reconstruction errors and misattributions. CONCLUSION MS attributions from current targeted panel sequencing are not reliable enough to predict ICI efficacy. We suggest that, for downstream classification tasks in NSCLC, signature attributions be based on whole exome or genome sequencing instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Donker
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Global Computational Biology & Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - K Cuppens
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences - LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - G Froyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences - LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Dept Clinical Biology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - H J M Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - T J N Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - B Maes
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences - LCRC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Dept Clinical Biology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - E Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - P-J Volders
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Dept Clinical Biology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - G A Lunter
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - B van Es
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands; MedxAI, Theophile de Bockstraat 77-1, 1058VA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Markham JF, Fellowes AP, Green T, Leal JL, Legaie R, Cullerne D, Morris T, John T, Solomon B, Fox SB. Predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in NSCLC with tumour-only RNA-seq. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1148-1154. [PMID: 36572732 PMCID: PMC10006283 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from FFPE specimens is used clinically in cancer for its ability to estimate gene expression and to detect fusions. Using a cohort of NSCLC patients, we sought to determine whether targeted RNA-seq could be used to measure tumour mutational burden (TMB) and the expression of immune-cell-restricted genes from FFPE specimens and whether these could predict response to immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS Using The Cancer Genome Atlas LUAD dataset, we developed a method for determining TMB from tumour-only RNA-seq and showed a correlation with DNA sequencing derived TMB calculated from tumour/normal sample pairs (Spearman correlation = 0.79, 95% CI [0.73, 0.83]. We applied this method to targeted sequencing data from our patient cohort and validated these results against TMB estimates obtained using an orthogonal assay (Spearman correlation = 0.49, 95% CI [0.24, 0.68]). RESULTS We observed that the RNA measure of TMB was significantly higher in responders to immune blockade treatment (P = 0.028) and that it was predictive of response (AUC = 0.640 with 95% CI [0.493, 0.786]). By contrast, the expression of immune-cell-restricted genes was uncorrelated with patient outcome. CONCLUSION TMB calculated from targeted RNA sequencing has a similar diagnostic ability to TMB generated from targeted DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Markham
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Fellowes
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thomas Green
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose Luis Leal
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roxane Legaie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Darren Cullerne
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Tessa Morris
- Southern Blood and Cancer Service, Te Whatu Ora Southern, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Mercy Cancer Care, Mercy Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tom John
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Solomon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Meri-Abad M, Moreno-Manuel A, García SG, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Pérez RS, Herrero CC, Jantus-Lewintre E. Clinical and technical insights of tumour mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103891. [PMID: 36565893 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the durable responses provided by the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) without actionable targets in a subset of patients, a large proportion of them will progress after immunotherapy. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) was the first biomarker approved for immunotherapy, although it has multiple limitations, thus the development of novel biomarkers is an urgent need. Tumour Mutational Burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker defined as the total number of mutations per coding area of tumour genome. Targeted gene panels have emerged as a cost-effective approach to estimate TMB. However, there is still an unmet need to fully standardize sample requirements, panel size, and bioinformatic pipelines to ensure that TMB is calculated appropriately. In addition, researchers are also evaluating TMB calculation in liquid biopsy. In this work, we summarize the relevant advances and the clinical utility of TMB in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Meri-Abad
- Medical Oncology Department, General University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Moreno-Manuel
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Gallach García
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Pathology Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sirera Pérez
- CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit Nanomedicine, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps Herrero
- Medical Oncology Department, General University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit TRIAL (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Mixed Unit TRIAL (Príncipe Felipe Research Centre & Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia), Valencia, Spain; CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain; Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit Nanomedicine, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Valentini V, Silvestri V, Bucalo A, Conti G, Karimi M, Di Francesco L, Pomati G, Mezi S, Cerbelli B, Pignataro MG, Nicolussi A, Coppa A, D’Amati G, Giannini G, Ottini L. Molecular profiling of male breast cancer by multigene panel testing: Implications for precision oncology. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1092201. [PMID: 36686738 PMCID: PMC9854133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Compared with breast cancer (BC) in women, BC in men is a rare disease with genetic and molecular peculiarities. Therapeutic approaches for male BC (MBC) are currently extrapolated from the clinical management of female BC, although the disease does not exactly overlap in males and females. Data on specific molecular biomarkers in MBC are lacking, cutting out male patients from more appropriate therapeutic strategies. Growing evidence indicates that Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) multigene panel testing can be used for the detection of predictive molecular biomarkers, including Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI). Methods In this study, NGS multigene gene panel sequencing, targeting 1.94 Mb of the genome at 523 cancer-relevant genes (TruSight Oncology 500, Illumina), was used to identify and characterize somatic variants, Copy Number Variations (CNVs), TMB and MSI, in 15 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) male breast cancer samples. Results and discussion A total of 40 pathogenic variants were detected in 24 genes. All MBC cases harbored at least one pathogenic variant. PIK3CA was the most frequently mutated gene, with six (40.0%) MBCs harboring targetable PIK3CA alterations. CNVs analysis showed copy number gains in 22 genes. No copy number losses were found. Specifically, 13 (86.7%) MBCs showed gene copy number gains. MYC was the most frequently amplified gene with eight (53.3%) MBCs showing a median fold-changes value of 1.9 (range 1.8-3.8). A median TMB value of 4.3 (range 0.8-12.3) mut/Mb was observed, with two (13%) MBCs showing high-TMB. The median percentage of MSI was 2.4% (range 0-17.6%), with two (13%) MBCs showing high-MSI. Overall, these results indicate that NGS multigene panel sequencing can provide a comprehensive molecular tumor profiling in MBC. The identification of targetable molecular alterations in more than 70% of MBCs suggests that the NGS approach may allow for the selection of MBC patients eligible for precision/targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Bucalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mina Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Di Francesco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pomati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gemma Pignataro
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Nicolussi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Laura Ottini,
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14
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A Computational Framework for Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Solid Cancers: The Analytical Performance of a High-Throughput Assay for Small and Copy Number Variants. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246152. [PMID: 36551638 PMCID: PMC9776229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2022, our institution launched a comprehensive cancer genome profiling program on 10 cancer types using a non-IVD solution named the TruSight Oncology 500 Assay provided by Illumina®. The assay analyzes both DNA and RNA, identifying Single-Nucleotide Variants (SNV)s and Insertion-Deletion (InDel) in 523 genes, as well as known and unknown fusions and splicing variants in 55 genes and Copy Number Alterations (CNVs), Mutational Tumor Burden (MTB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI). According to the current European IVD Directive 98/79/EC, an internal validation was performed before running the test. A dedicated open-source bioinformatics pipeline was developed for data postprocessing, panel assessment and embedding in high-performance computing framework using the container technology to ensure scalability and reproducibility. Our protocols, applied to 71 DNA and 64 RNA samples, showed full agreement between the TruSight Oncology 500 assay and standard approaches, with only minor limitations, allowing to routinely perform our protocol in patient screening.
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15
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Ko J, Jung J, Kim ST, Hong JY, Park S, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Ahn S, Kim KM, Kang WK, Lee J. MET gene alterations predict poor survival following chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610697. [PMID: 36483096 PMCID: PMC9722768 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: To aid in oncology drug development, we investigated MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase gene aberrations in 2,239 oncology patients who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical practice. Materials and methods: From November 2019 to January 2021, 2,239 patientswith advanced solid tumors who visited oncology clinics underwent NGS. The NGS panel included >500 comprehensive NGS tests using archival tissue specimens. Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) 22C3 assay results and clinical records regarding initial chemotherapy were available for 1,137 (50.8%) and 1,761 (78.7%) patients, respectively for overall survival (OS) analysis. Results: The 2,239 patients represented 37 types of cancer. The NGS panel included >500 genes, microsatellite instability status, tumor mutational burden, and fusions. The most common cancer types were colorectal (N = 702), gastric (N = 481), and sarcoma (N = 180). MET aberrations were detected in 212 patients. All MET-amplified tumors had microsatellite stable status, and 8 had a high tumor mutational burden. Of 46 patients with MET-amplified cancers, 8 had MET-positive protein expression by immunohistochemistry (2+ and 3+). MET fusion was detected in 10 patients. Partner genes of MET fusion included ST7, TFEC, LRRD1, CFTR, CAV1, PCM1, HLA-DRB1, and CAPZA2. In survival analysis, patients with amplification of MET gene fusion had shorter OS and progression-free survival (PFS) than those without. Thus, MET aberration was determined to be a factor of response to chemotherapy. Conclusion: Approximately 2.1% and 0.4% of patients with advanced solid tumors demonstrated MET gene amplification and fusion, respectively, and displayed a worse response to chemotherapy and significantly shorter OS and PFS than those without MET gene amplification or fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Mbatha S, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Exploiting the Molecular Basis of Oesophageal Cancer for Targeted Therapies and Biomarkers for Drug Response: Guiding Clinical Decision-Making. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102359. [PMID: 36289620 PMCID: PMC9598679 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, oesophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of deaths related to cancer and represents a major health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions of the world with the highest incidence and mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and most of the cases of oesophageal cancer in this region are oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The development and progression of OSCC is characterized by genomic changes which can be utilized as diagnostic or prognostic markers. These include changes in the expression of various genes involved in signaling pathways that regulate pathways that regulate processes that are related to the hallmarks of cancer, changes in the tumor mutational burden, changes in alternate splicing and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs such as miRNA. These genomic changes give rise to characteristic profiles of altered proteins, transcriptomes, spliceosomes and genomes which can be used in clinical applications to monitor specific disease related parameters. Some of these profiles are characteristic of more aggressive forms of cancer or are indicative of treatment resistance or tumors that will be difficult to treat or require more specialized specific treatments. In Sub-Saharan region of Africa there is a high incidence of viral infections such as HPV and HIV, which are both risk factors for OSCC. The genomic changes that occur due to these infections can serve as diagnostic markers for OSCC related to viral infection. Clinically this is an important distinction as it influences treatment as well as disease progression and treatment monitoring practices. This underlines the importance of the characterization of the molecular landscape of OSCC in order to provide the best treatment, care, diagnosis and screening options for the management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikhumbuzo Mbatha
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
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17
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Kim KM. BAT26 Only Microsatellite Instability with High Tumor Mutation Burden—A Rare Entity Associated with PTEN Protein Loss and High PD-L1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810730. [PMID: 36142641 PMCID: PMC9504117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting microsatellite instability (MSI) in advanced cancers is crucial for clinical decision-making, as it helps in identifying patients with differential treatment responses and prognoses. BAT26 is a highly sensitive MSI marker that defines the mismatch repair (MMR) status with high sensitivity and specificity. However, isolated BAT26-only instability is rare and has not been previously reported. Of the 6476 cases tested using pentaplex MSI polymerase chain reaction, we identified two BAT26-only instability cases (0.03%) in this study. The case #1 patient was diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma without MMR germline mutations. The endometrial tumor showed BAT26-only instability, partial loss of MLH1/PMS2 protein expression, and a high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS = 8). The tumor exhibited a somatic phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) R303P missense mutation and loss of the PTEN protein. On a comprehensive cancer panel sequencing with ≥500 genes, the tumor showed an MSI score of 11.38% and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) (19.5 mt/mb). The case #2 patient was diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma with proficient MMR and PTEN protein loss without PTEN alteration, as well as a high PD-L1 CPS (CPS = 10). A pathogenic KRAS A146T mutation was detected with an MSI score of 3.36% and high TMB (13 mt/mb). In conclusion, BAT26-only instability is very rare and associated with PTEN protein loss, high TMB, and a high PD-L1 score. Our results suggest that patients with BAT26-only instability may show good responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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18
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Makrooni MA, O'Sullivan B, Seoighe C. Bias and inconsistency in the estimation of tumour mutation burden. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:840. [PMID: 35918650 PMCID: PMC9347149 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour mutation burden (TMB), defined as the number of somatic mutations per megabase within the sequenced region in the tumour sample, has been used as a biomarker for predicting response to immune therapy. Several studies have been conducted to assess the utility of TMB for various cancer types; however, methods to measure TMB have not been adequately evaluated. In this study, we identified two sources of bias in current methods to calculate TMB. METHODS We used simulated data to quantify the two sources of bias and their effect on TMB calculation, we down-sampled sequencing reads from exome sequencing datasets from TCGA to evaluate the consistency in TMB estimation across different sequencing depths. We analyzed data from ten cancer cohorts to investigate the relationship between inferred TMB and sequencing depth. RESULTS We found that TMB, estimated by counting the number of somatic mutations above a threshold frequency (typically 0.05), is not robust to sequencing depth. Furthermore, we show that, because only mutations with an observed frequency greater than the threshold are considered, the observed mutant allele frequency provides a biased estimate of the true frequency. This can result in substantial over-estimation of the TMB, when the cancer sample includes a large number of somatic mutations at low frequencies, and exacerbates the lack of robustness of TMB to variation in sequencing depth and tumour purity. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that care needs to be taken in the estimation of TMB to ensure that results are unbiased and consistent across studies and we suggest that accurate and robust estimation of TMB could be achieved using statistical models that estimate the full mutant allele frequency spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Makrooni
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathal Seoighe
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Kahraman A, Arnold FM, Hanimann J, Nowak M, Pauli C, Britschgi C, Moch H, Zoche M. MTPpilot: An Interactive Software for Visualization of Next-Generation Sequencing Results in Molecular Tumor Boards. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2022; 6:e2200032. [PMID: 36007219 PMCID: PMC9470140 DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels are routinely used in modern molecular cancer diagnostics. In molecular tumor boards, the detected genomic alterations are often discussed to decide the next treatment options for patients with cancer. With the increasing size and complexity of NGS panels, the discussion of these results becomes increasingly complex, especially if they are reported in a text-based form, as it is the standard in current molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kahraman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian M Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Hanimann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Nowak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zoche
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Cuppens K, Baas P, Geerdens E, Cruys B, Froyen G, Decoster L, Thomeer M, Maes B. HLA-I diversity and tumor mutational burden by comprehensive next-generation sequencing as predictive biomarkers for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with PD-(L)1 inhibitors. Lung Cancer 2022; 170:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ramarao-Milne P, Kondrashova O, Patch AM, Nones K, Koufariotis LT, Newell F, Addala V, Lakis V, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Mukhopadhyay P, Naeini MM, Steinfort D, Williamson JP, Bint M, Pahoff C, Nguyen PT, Twaddell S, Arnold D, Grainge C, Basirzadeh F, Fielding D, Dalley AJ, Chittoory H, Simpson PT, Aoude LG, Bonazzi VF, Patel K, Barbour AP, Fennell DA, Robinson BW, Creaney J, Hollway G, Pearson JV, Waddell N. Comparison of actionable events detected in cancer genomes by whole-genome sequencing, in silico whole-exome and mutation panels. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100540. [PMID: 35849877 PMCID: PMC9463385 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing is used in cancer research to identify somatic and germline mutations, which can predict sensitivity or resistance to therapies, and may be a useful tool to reveal drug repurposing opportunities between tumour types. Multigene panels are used in clinical practice for detecting targetable mutations. However, the value of clinical whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for cancer care is less defined, specifically as the majority of variants found using these technologies are of uncertain significance. Patients and methods We used the Cancer Genome Interpreter and WGS in 726 tumours spanning 10 cancer types to identify drug repurposing opportunities. We compare the ability of WGS to detect actionable variants, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) by using in silico down-sampled data to mimic WES, a comprehensive sequencing panel and a hotspot mutation panel. Results We reveal drug repurposing opportunities as numerous biomarkers are shared across many solid tumour types. Comprehensive panels identify the majority of approved actionable mutations, with WGS detecting more candidate actionable mutations for biomarkers currently in clinical trials. Moreover, estimated values for TMB and MSI vary when calculated from WGS, WES and panel data, and are dependent on whether all mutations or only non-synonymous mutations were used. Our results suggest that TMB and MSI thresholds should not only be tumour-dependent, but also be sequencing platform-dependent. Conclusions There is a large opportunity to repurpose cancer drugs, and these data suggest that comprehensive sequencing is an invaluable source of information to guide clinical decisions by facilitating precision medicine and may provide a wealth of information for future studies. Furthermore, the sequencing and analysis approach used to estimate TMB may have clinical implications if a hard threshold is used to indicate which patients may respond to immunotherapy. Genome analysis revealed that treatment biomarkers are shared across solid tumours, highlighting repurposing opportunities. Comprehensive panels detect most known biomarkers; however, WGS detects more biomarkers for treatments in clinical trials. TMB is well correlated between sequencing methods, but absolute values vary and are dependent on mutation types considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramarao-Milne
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - O Kondrashova
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A-M Patch
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Nones
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L T Koufariotis
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Newell
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Addala
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V Lakis
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - O Holmes
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Leonard
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Wood
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Q Xu
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Mukhopadhyay
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M M Naeini
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Steinfort
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J P Williamson
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Liverpool Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Bint
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia
| | - C Pahoff
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - P T Nguyen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Twaddell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - D Arnold
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Grainge
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - F Basirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A J Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L G Aoude
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - V F Bonazzi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A P Barbour
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Upper Gastro-intestinal Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D A Fennell
- Cancer Research UK Centre Leicester, University of Leicester & University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - B W Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease, Institute of Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - J Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Disease, Institute of Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - G Hollway
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J V Pearson
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Waddell
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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22
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Abstract
SUMMARY Li and colleagues present REFLECT, a computational approach to precision oncology that nominates effective drug combinations by utilizing a diverse compendium of publicly available preclinical and clinical genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. The preliminary validation of the REFLECT system in preclinical and clinical trial settings showcases potential for clinical implementation, although challenges remain. See related article by Li et al., p. 1542 (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario
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23
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Immunoglobulin/T Cell Receptor Capture Strategy for Comprehensive Immunogenetics. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2453:133-152. [PMID: 35622325 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the era of genomic medicine, targeted next generation sequencing strategies (NGS) are becoming increasingly adopted by clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories to identify genetic diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hemato-oncology. We describe the EuroClonality-NGS DNA Capture (EuroClonality-NDC) assay, which is designed to simultaneously detect B and T cell clonal rearrangements, translocations, copy number alterations, and sequence variants. The accompanying validated bioinformatics pipeline enables production of an integrated report. The combination of the laboratory protocol and bioinformatics pipeline in the EuroClonality-NDC minimizes the potential for human error, reduces economic costs compared to current molecular testing strategies, and should improve diagnostic outcomes.
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24
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Diagnostic Validation of a Comprehensive Targeted Panel for Broad Mutational and Biomarker Analysis in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102457. [PMID: 35626061 PMCID: PMC9139650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the diagnostic screening of somatic variants in solid tumor samples has proven its high clinical value. Because of the large number of ongoing clinical trials for a multitude of variants in a growing number of genes, as well as the detection of proven and emerging pan-cancer biomarkers including microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation burden (TMB), the currently employed diagnostic gene panels will become vastly insufficient in the near future. Here, we describe the validation and implementation of the hybrid capture-based comprehensive TruSight Oncology (TSO500) assay that is able to detect single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and subtle deletions and insertions (indels) in 523 tumor-associated genes, copy-number variants (CNVs) of 69 genes, fusions with 55 cancer driver genes, and MSI and TMB. Extensive validation of the TSO500 assay was performed on DNA or RNA from 170 clinical samples with neoplastic content down to 10%, using multiple tissue and specimen types. Starting with 80 ng DNA and 40 ng RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffine-embedded (FFPE) samples revealed a precision and accuracy >99% for all variant types. The analytical sensitivity and specificity were at least 99% for SNVs, indels, CNVs, MSI, and gene rearrangements. For TMB, only values around the threshold could yield a deviating outcome. The limit-of-detection for SNVs and indels was well below the set threshold of 5% variant allele frequency (VAF). This validated comprehensive genomic profiling assay was then used to screen 624 diagnostic samples, and its success rate for adoption in a clinical diagnostic setting of broad solid tumor screening was assessed on this cohort.
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25
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Kim M, Jeong JY, Park NJY, Park JY. Clinical Utility of Next-generation Sequencing in Real-world Cases: A Single-institution Study of Nine Cases. In Vivo 2022; 36:1397-1407. [PMID: 35478134 PMCID: PMC9087115 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a well-established technique to detect pathogenic alterations in tumors. Indeed, it is the cornerstone of targeted therapy in precision medicine. We investigated the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing in real-world cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively selected six representative cancer cases, wherein targeted NGS played a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Additionally, we analyzed three cases with rare, unusual pathogenic alterations. RESULTS Our NGS analysis revealed that four patients had TPR-ROS1, EGFR-RAD51, and NCOA4-RET fusions and MET exon 14 skipping mutation, respectively, which can be treated with targeted therapy. Furthermore, we used NGS as a diagnostic tool to confirm the origin of unknown primary malignant tumors in two cases. Interestingly, NGS also helped us identify the following cases: patients exhibiting BRCA1 and TP53 mutations that exhibited histological and immunohistochemical characteristics consistent with endometrioid carcinoma, patients with high-grade serous carcinoma not possessing a TP53 mutation, and patients with small cell lung cancer with a ERBB2 mutation and displaying no loss of RB1. CONCLUSION We recommend targeted NGS for the diagnoses and targeted therapy of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsik Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Ahn S, Ha SY, Jang KT, Kim KM. Comparative analysis of microsatellite instability by next-generation sequencing, MSI PCR and MMR immunohistochemistry in 1942 solid cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153874. [PMID: 35405622 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor approval for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumours has made MSI as a therapeutically important biomarker. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MSI detection is being widely used for assessing MSI. However, MSI tumours detected using NGS and their relevance to MSI-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are unclear. In 1942 solid cancer cases tested using NGS-based comprehensive cancer panel with 523 genes (1.94 mb), the MSI score, tumour mutation burden (TMB; ≥ 10 mutations/mb), and frameshift mutations were analysed. GeneScan analyses of five mononucleotide markers (MSI-PCR) and MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) were compared with the NGS-MSI results. With a ≥ 12% MSI score as a cut-off for MSI-H, two MSS cases were classified as MSI-H. With a ≥ 20% cut-off, 10 cases categorised as MSS by NGS were MSI-H/dMMR by MSI-PCR and MMR IHC. To avoid discrepant cases, we adopted a high MSI cut-off and a borderline MSI category. Finally, MSI-H (≥ 20%), borderline MSI (≥ 7% and < 20%), and MSS (< 7%) were found in 35 (1.8%), 24 (1.2%), and 1883 (97%) cases, respectively. All MSI-H cases by NGS were MSI-H/dMMR by MSI-PCR and MMR IHC. Of the 24 borderline MSI cases by NGS, MSI-H/dMMR was 9 (37.5%) cases, MSS/dMMR was 1 (4.2%) case, and 11 (45.8%) of them had high TMB. All MSS cases by NGS were MSS/pMMR by MSI-PCR/IHC, and 257 (13.6%) had high TMB. With those arbitrary cut-off points, 10 (0.5%) MSS cases using NGS were discrepant with MSI-PCR or MMR IHC, and all were borderline MSI cases. The mean number of frameshift mutations was significantly higher in the MSI-H group (28.3) than in the borderline MSI (7.7) or MSS (1.3) groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, to facilitate therapeutic decision-making for NGS, cut-off points for MSI can be defined based on MSI-PCR/dMMR confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Kim H, Cho YA, Ha SY, Kwon GY, Jang KT, Kim KM. Direct comparison of the next-generation sequencing and iTERT PCR methods for the diagnosis of TERT hotspot mutations in advanced solid cancers. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 35135543 PMCID: PMC8827275 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter region have been proposed as novel mechanisms for the transcriptional activation of telomerase. Two recurrent mutations in the TERT promoter, C228T and C250T, are prognostic biomarkers. Herein, we directly compared the commercially available iTERT PCR kit with NGS-based deep sequencing to validate the NGS results and determine the analytical sensitivity of the PCR kit.
Methods Of the 2032 advanced solid tumors diagnosed using the TruSight Oncology 500 NGS test, mutations in the TERT promoter region were detected in 103 cases, with 79 cases of C228T, 22 cases of C250T, and 2 cases of C228A hotspot mutations. TERT promoter mutations were detected from 31 urinary bladder, 19 pancreato-biliary, 22 hepatic, 12 malignant melanoma, and 12 other tumor samples. Results In all 103 TERT-mutated cases detected using NGS, the same DNA samples were also tested with the iTERT PCR/Sanger sequencing. PCR successfully verified the presence of the same mutations in all cases with 100% agreement. The average read depth of the TERT promoter region was 320.4, which was significantly lower than that of the other genes (mean, 743.5). Interestingly, NGS read depth was significantly higher at C250 compared to C228 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The NGS test results were validated by a PCR test and iTERT PCR/Sanger sequencing is sensitive for the identification of the TERT promoter mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea. .,Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Conroy JM, Pabla S, Glenn ST, Seager RJ, Van Roey E, Gao S, Burgher B, Andreas J, Giamo V, Mallon M, Lee YH, DePietro P, Nesline M, Wang Y, Lenzo FL, Klein R, Zhang S. A scalable high-throughput targeted next-generation sequencing assay for comprehensive genomic profiling of solid tumors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260089. [PMID: 34855780 PMCID: PMC8639101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely and accurate identification of molecular alterations in solid tumors is essential for proper management of patients with advanced cancers. This has created a need for rapid, scalable comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) systems that detect an increasing number of therapeutically-relevant variant types and molecular signatures. In this study, we assessed the analytical performance of the TruSight Oncology 500 High-Throughput assay for detection of somatic alterations from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. In parallel, we developed supporting software and automated sample preparation systems designed to process up to 70 clinical samples in a single NovaSeq 6000TM sequencing run with a turnaround time of <7 days from specimen receipt to report. The results demonstrate that the scalable assay accurately and reproducibly detects small variants, copy number alterations, microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) from 40ng DNA, and multiple gene fusions, including known and unknown partners and splice variants from 20ng RNA. 717 tumor samples and reference materials with previously known alterations in 96 cancer-related genes were sequenced to evaluate assay performance. All variant classes were reliably detected at consistent and reportable variant allele percentages with >99% overall accuracy and precision. Our results demonstrate that the high-throughput CGP assay is a reliable method for accurate detection of molecular alterations in support of precision therapeutics in oncology. The supporting systems and scalable workflow allow for efficient interpretation and prompt reporting of hundreds of patient cancer genomes per week with excellent analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Conroy
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Research Support Services, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarabjot Pabla
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sean T. Glenn
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory Operations, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- HemePath Molecular, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - R. J. Seager
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Erik Van Roey
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuang Gao
- Bioinformatics, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Blake Burgher
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Andreas
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent Giamo
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Mallon
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Hee Lee
- Clinical Evidence Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul DePietro
- Clinical Evidence Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary Nesline
- Clinical Evidence Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yirong Wang
- Information Technology, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Felicia L. Lenzo
- Research and Development, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger Klein
- Medical Affairs, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Shengle Zhang
- Laboratory Operations, OmniSeq Inc., Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Prochazkova K, Ptakova N, Alaghehbandan R, Williamson SR, Vaněček T, Vodicka J, Treska V, Rogala J, Pivovarcikova K, Michalova K, Slisarenko M, Hora M, Michal M, Hes O. Mutation Profile Variability in the Primary Tumor and Multiple Pulmonary Metastases of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Review of the Literature and Analysis of Four Metastatic Cases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5906. [PMID: 34885018 PMCID: PMC8656868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There are limited data concerning inter-tumoral and inter-metastatic heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The aim of our study was to review published data and to examine mutation profile variability in primary and multiple pulmonary metastases (PMs) in our cohort of four patients with metastatic CCRCC. (2) Methods: Four patients were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics, types of surgeries, histopathologic results, immunohistochemical and genetic evaluations of corresponding primary tumor and PMs, and follow-up data were recorded. (3) Results: In our series, the most commonly mutated genes were those in the canonically dysregulated VHL pathway, which were detected in both primary tumors and corresponding metastasis. There were genetic profile differences between primary and metastatic tumors, as well as among particular metastases in one patient. (4) Conclusions: CCRCC shows heterogeneity between the primary tumor and its metastasis. Such mutational changes may be responsible for suboptimal treatment outcomes in targeted therapy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Prochazkova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Nikola Ptakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Reza Alaghehbandan
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC 2329, Canada;
| | - Sean R. Williamson
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Tomáš Vaněček
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josef Vodicka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladislav Treska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (K.P.); (J.V.); (V.T.)
| | - Joanna Rogala
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kristyna Pivovarcikova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kvetoslava Michalova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maryna Slisarenko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Milan Hora
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Michal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen and University Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, 305 99 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.R.); (K.P.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
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Cho YA, Lee H, Kim DG, Kim H, Ha SY, Choi YL, Jang KT, Kim KM. PD-L1 Expression Is Significantly Associated with Tumor Mutation Burden and Microsatellite Instability Score. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184659. [PMID: 34572886 PMCID: PMC8466224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biomarkers for predicting the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB). This study investigated the relationship of these biomarkers using comprehensive cancer panel assay (CCPA) with >500 genes in 588 advanced cancer patients. The work demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with TMB and MSI score, according to primary tumor origin. Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) have been proposed as a predictive biomarker to predict response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We aimed to find the relationship of PD-L1 IHC to TMB and MSI using a comprehensive cancer panel assay (CCPA) with >500 genes in advanced cancer patients. CCPA results from 588 archived tissue samples were analyzed for TMB and MSI. In seven samples, whole exome sequencing confirmed TMB with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.972 and all MSI-high cases were validated by pentaplex PCR. Association of TMB and MSI with their corresponding PD-L1 IHC was analyzed. The median TMB value of 588 cases was 8.25 mutations (mut)/Mb (range 0–426.8) with different distributions among the tumor types, with high proportions of high-TMB (>10mut/Mb) in tumors from melanoma, colorectal, gastric, and biliary tract. The TMB values significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression, and this correlation was prominent in gastric and biliary tract cancers. Moreover, the MSI score, the proportion of unstable MSI sites to total assessed MSI sites, showed a significant correlation with the TMB values and PD-L1 scores. This study demonstrates that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with TMB and MSI score and this correlation depends on the location of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.A.C.); (H.L.); (H.K.); (S.Y.H.); (Y.-L.C.); (K.-T.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2800; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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31
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Kim H, Ahn S, Kim H, Hong JY, Lee J, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Kim KM, Kim ST. The prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in various solid tumors and the role of HRD as a single biomarker to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:2427-2435. [PMID: 34510272 PMCID: PMC9349061 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is related to tumorigenesis. Currently, the possibility of HRD as a prognostic biomarker to immune checkpoint inhibitors is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether HRD has potential as a biomarker for immunotherapy. Methods The status of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) was assessed with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) TruSight™ Oncology 500 assay in 501 patients with advanced solid tumor including gastrointestinal (GI), genitourinary (GU), or rare cancer. Results: among the 501 patients, HRD was observed as follows: 74.7% (347/501) patients; GU cancer (92.0%, 23 of 25), colorectal cancer (CRC) (86.1%, 130 of 151), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (83.3%, 10 of 12), pancreatic cancer (PC) (76.2%, 32 of 42), biliary tract cancer (BTC) (75.0%, 36 of 48), sarcoma (65.0%, 39 of 60), melanoma (52.4%, 11 of 21), other GI cancers (50.0%, 11 of 22), and rare cancer (50.0%, 2 of 4). Sixty-five of the 501 patients had received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during the course of the disease. Tumor types of 65 patients treated with ICIs are as follows: melanoma (95.2%, 20 of 21), HCC (33.3%, 4 of 12), rare cancer (25.0%, 1 of 4), GC (12.2%, 14 of 116), BTC (10.4%, 5 of 48), and sarcoma (5.0%, 3 of 60). The most frequently reported mutations were BRCA2 (n = 90), ARID1A (n = 77), ATM (n = 71), BARD1 (n = 67). Patients without HRD exhibited an objective response rate (ORR) of 33.3% (4 of 12), and patients with HRD exhibited an ORR of 34.0% (18 of 53). There was no significant difference in ORR between patients with and without HRD (P = 0.967). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.5 months (95% CI 0.000–16.175) in patients without HRD and 4.1 months (95% CI 2.062–6.138) in patients with HRD, revealing no statistical significance (P = 0.441). Conclusion Herein, we reported the status of HRD using a cancer-panel for various solid tumor patients in routine clinical practice and demonstrated that HRD as a single biomarker was not sufficient to predict efficacy of ICIs in solid tumor patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03781-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Hongsik Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Victoor J, Borght SV, Spans L, Lehnert S, Brems H, Laenen A, Vergote I, Van Gorp T, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Timmerman S, Van Rompuy AS, Vanden Bempt I. Comprehensive immunomolecular profiling of endometrial carcinoma: A tertiary retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:694-701. [PMID: 34253388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combined immunohistochemical and molecular classification using the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) independently predicts prognosis in endometrial carcinoma (EC). As next-generation sequencing (NGS) is entering clinical practice, we evaluated whether more comprehensive immunomolecular profiling (CIMP), including NGS and extended immunohistochemical analysis, could further refine the current ProMisE classification. METHODS A series of 120 consecutive ECs, classified according to ProMisE, was stained immunohistochemically for CD3, CD8, PD-L1, beta-catenin and L1CAM. An in-house 96 gene NGS panel was performed on a subset of 44 ECs, representing the 4 ProMisE subgroups (DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit exonuclease domain mutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), p53 abnormal (p53 abn) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) ECs). Cases harboring non-hotspot POLE variants were analyzed with Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 NGS panel (TSO500) as a surrogate for whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Eight cases harbored POLE variants, half of which were hotspots. Using TSO500, non-hotspot POLE variants were classified as pathogenic (3) or variant of unknown significance (1). POLEmut and MMRd ECs typically showed higher numbers of CD3+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and higher PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. p53 abn ECs showed significantly higher L1CAM immunoreactivity and frequently harbored gene amplifications including HER2 (25%), but typically lacked ARID1A or PTEN variants. Beta-catenin-positivity and FGFR2 variants were predominantly found in NSMP ECs. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that CIMP adds significant value to EC characterization and may help to determine pathogenicity of non-hotspot POLE variants, encountered more frequently than expected in our series. In addition, CIMP may reveal ECs benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibition and allows upfront identification of targetable alterations, such as HER2 amplification in p53 abn ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Victoor
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vander Borght
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Spans
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Lehnert
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- KU Leuven, Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sileny Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Timmerman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ascierto PA, Bifulco C, Ciardiello F, Demaria S, Emens LA, Ferris R, Formenti SC, Galon J, Khleif SN, Kirchhoff T, McQuade J, Odunsi K, Patnaik A, Paulos CM, Taube JM, Timmerman J, Fox BA, Hwu P, Puzanov I. Perspectives in immunotherapy: meeting report from the immunotherapy bridge (December 2nd-3rd, 2020, Italy). J Transl Med 2021; 19:238. [PMID: 34078406 PMCID: PMC8173810 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of tumor immunology has enabled the development of therapies that harness the immune system and prevent immune escape. Numerous clinical trials and real-world experience has provided evidence of the potential for long-term survival with immunotherapy in various types of malignancy. Recurring observations with immuno-oncology agents include their potential for clinical application across a broad patient population with different tumor types, conventional and unconventional response patterns, durable responses, and immune-related adverse events. Despite the substantial achievements to date, a significant proportion of patients still fail to benefit from current immunotherapy options, and ongoing research is focused on transforming non-responders to responders through the development of novel treatments, new strategies to combination therapy, adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches, and the identification of biomarkers of response. These topics were the focus of the virtual Immunotherapy Bridge (December 2nd-3rd, 2020), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer and are summarised in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo A Ascierto
- Department of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Bifulco
- Providence Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Division, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Magee Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno Oncology Laboratory, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer McQuade
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University SOM, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Timmerman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Kawachi H, Kunimasa K, Kukita Y, Nakamura H, Honma K, Kawamura T, Inoue T, Tamiya M, Kuhara H, Nishino K, Mizote Y, Akazawa T, Tahara H, Kumagai T. Atezolizumab with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin was effective for patients with SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:799-806. [PMID: 34030451 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma (DTS) is a recently noted progressive thoracic malignancy. We recently experienced three cases of SMARCA4-DTS who were treated with atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin (ABCP) as the first-line therapy. Immunohistopathological analysis revealed absent expression of SMARCA4 in all cases. The tumor mutational burden was over 11/Mb and mutations in SMARCA4 and TP53 were detected in all three cases. Partial response to ABCP treatment was observed in all three cases, with a progression-free survival of approximately 6 months or longer and a continuous response of 1 year or longer in one case. The first-line ABCP treatment demonstrated durable efficacy in SMARCA4-DTS regardless of the degree of PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology & Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Kuhara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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35
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McDermott FD, Newton K, Beggs AD, Clark SK. Implications for the colorectal surgeon following the 100 000 Genomes Project. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:1049-1058. [PMID: 33471415 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The 100 000 Genomes Project was completed in 2019 with the objective of integrating genomic medicine into routine National Health Service (NHS) clinical pathways. This project and genomic research will revolutionize the way we practice colorectal surgery in the 21st century. This paper aims to provide an overview of genomic medicine and its implications for the colorectal surgeon. RESULTS Within NHS England, consolidation has created seven regional Genomic Laboratory Hubs. DNA from solid tumours, including colorectal cancers, will be assessed using 500-gene panels, results will be fed back to Genome Tumour Advisory Boards. Identifying variants from biopsies earlier in the clinical pathway may alter surgical and other treatment options for patients. However, there is an important distinction between somatic variants within a tumour biopsy and germline variants that may suggest a heritable condition such as Lynch syndrome. Novel drugs, for example immunotherapy, will increase treatment options including downstaging cancers and changing the surgical approach. The use of circulating tumour DNA (liquid biopsies) will have applications in diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of cancer. There are many exciting potential future applications of this technology for offering personalized medicine that will require multidisciplinary working and the colorectal community. CONCLUSION There are many challenges but also exciting opportunities to embed new 'omic' technologies and innovation into 21st century colorectal surgery. The next phase for the colorectal community is how we engage with this change, with questions around training, identification of genomic multidisciplinary team (MDT) champions and how we collaborate with the core members of the MDT, clinical geneticists and national genomic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D McDermott
- Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katy Newton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, LNWUH NHS Trust, St Mark's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Susan K Clark
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, LNWUH NHS Trust, St Mark's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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