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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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2
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Ritz T, Salsman ML, Young DA, Lippert AR, Khan DA, Ginty AT. Boosting nitric oxide in stress and respiratory infection: Potential relevance for asthma and COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100255. [PMID: 33842899 PMCID: PMC8019595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that is critical for supporting a plethora of processes in biological organisms. Among these, its role in the innate immune system as a first line of defense against pathogens has received less attention. In asthma, levels of exhaled NO have been utilized as a window into airway inflammation caused by allergic processes. However, respiratory infections count among the most important triggers of disease exacerbations. Among the multitude of factors that affect NO levels are psychological processes. In particular, longer lasting states of psychological stress and depression have been shown to attenuate NO production. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has caused a pandemic, and with that, sustained levels of psychological stress globally, also adversely affects NO signaling. We review evidence on the role of NO in respiratory infection, including COVID-19, and stress, and argue that boosting NO bioavailability may be beneficial in protection from infections, thus benefitting individuals who suffer from stress in asthma or SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1160, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Margot L Salsman
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Suite 1160, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Danielle A Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place, 97334, Baylor Sciences Building, Suite B.309, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Fondren Science Building 303, P.O. Box, 750314, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dave A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, One Bear Place, 97334, Baylor Sciences Building, Suite B.309, Waco, TX, USA
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3
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Cummings KC, Keshock M, Ganesh R, Sigmund A, Kashiwagi D, Devarajan J, Grant PJ, Urman RD, Mauck KF. Preoperative Management of Surgical Patients Using Dietary Supplements: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) Consensus Statement. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1342-1355. [PMID: 33741131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of complementary products poses a challenge to clinicians in the perioperative period and may increase perioperative risk. Because dietary supplements are regulated differently from traditional pharmaceuticals and guidance is often lacking, the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement convened a group of experts to review available literature and create a set of consensus recommendations for the perioperative management of these supplements. Using a modified Delphi method, the authors developed recommendations for perioperative management of 83 dietary supplements. We have made our recommendations to discontinue or continue a dietary supplement based on the principle that without a demonstrated benefit, or with a demonstrated lack of harm, there is little downside in temporarily discontinuing an herbal supplement before surgery. Discussion with patients in the preoperative visit is a crucial time to educate patients as well as gather vital information. Patients should be specifically asked about use of dietary supplements and cannabinoids, as many will not volunteer this information. The preoperative clinic visit provides the best opportunity to educate patients about the perioperative management of various supplements as this visit is typically scheduled at least 2 weeks before the planned procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Cummings
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH.
| | - Maureen Keshock
- Department of Regional Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Deanne Kashiwagi
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jagan Devarajan
- Department of Regional Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Paul J Grant
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard D Urman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen F Mauck
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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4
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Apostolopoulos V, Bojarska J, Chai TT, Elnagdy S, Kaczmarek K, Matsoukas J, New R, Parang K, Lopez OP, Parhiz H, Perera CO, Pickholz M, Remko M, Saviano M, Skwarczynski M, Tang Y, Wolf WM, Yoshiya T, Zabrocki J, Zielenkiewicz P, AlKhazindar M, Barriga V, Kelaidonis K, Sarasia EM, Toth I. A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:E430. [PMID: 33467522 PMCID: PMC7830668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide "drugs" initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - John Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
- NewDrug, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger New
- Vaxcine (UK) Ltd., c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London NW1 0NH, UK;
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Octavio Paredes Lopez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6073, USA;
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Monica Pickholz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA, UBA-CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Milan Remko
- Remedika, Luzna 9, 85104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Yefeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharma Ceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Vanessa Barriga
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | | | | | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Early Origins of Hypertension: Should Prevention Start Before Birth Using Natural Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111034. [PMID: 33113999 PMCID: PMC7690716 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension may originate in early life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the exposure of adverse in utero conditions causes developmental programming of hypertension. These excessive ROS can be antagonized by molecules which are antioxidants. Prenatal use of natural antioxidants may reverse programming processes and prevent hypertension of developmental origin. In the current review, firstly we document data on the impact of oxidative stress in hypertension of developmental origin. This will be followed by effective natural antioxidants uses starting before birth to prevent hypertension of developmental origin in animal models. It will also discuss evidence for the common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension and beneficial effects of natural antioxidant interventions used as reprogramming strategies. A better understanding of the reprogramming effects of natural antioxidants and their interactions with common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension is essential. Therefore, pregnant mothers and their children can benefit from natural antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy in order to reduce their risk for hypertension later in life.
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Morze J, Osadnik T, Osadnik K, Lejawa M, Jakubiak G, Pawlas N, Gasior M, Schwingshackl L, Banach M. Comparative effect of nutraceuticals on lipid profile: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032755. [PMID: 32819924 PMCID: PMC7440701 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the common definition, nutraceuticals are components found in food that can act as therapeutic substances. Recently, the International Lipid Expert Panel published two position papers covering the topic of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals and their potential use as a complementary treatment in addition to statins or as an alternative treatment in statin-intolerant patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different nutraceuticals on lipid profiles in a systematic review with pairwise and network meta-analyses. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Three databases, including PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, will be searched without time or publication language restrictions. The estimated end date for the searches will be 29 March 2020. Each stage of the review, including the study section, data extraction, and risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments, will be performed in duplicate. Randomised controlled trials meeting the following criteria will be eligible for inclusion: (1) participants aged ≥18 years, (2) intervention with a selected nutraceutical (artichoke, berberine, bergamot, soluble fibres, green tea, garlic, lupin, plant sterols and stanols, red yeast rice, soybean, spirulina or a combination of the aforementioned nutraceuticals), (3) administration of the treatment in the form of capsules, pills, powders, solutions, tablets or enriched food items, (4) comparison with another nutraceutical or placebo, (5) intervention period ≥3 weeks and (6) lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides) as an outcome. Random-effect pairwise and network meta-analyses will be used to summarise the relative effect of each nutraceutical in comparison to the effect of every other nutraceutical. Subgroup analyses will be stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, sample size, length of trial follow-up, baseline cholesterol level and presence of other comorbidities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will summarise findings from primary studies, and therefore no ethics approval is required. The results will be presented at conferences as well as published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019132877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Morze
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- 2nd Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamila Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Lejawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gasior
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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7
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Fogacci F, Tocci G, Sahebkar A, Presta V, Banach M, Cicero AFG. Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies. Angiology 2019; 71:217-225. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319719889428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pycnogenol on BP through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies (randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). Literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to January 10, 2019 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of pycnogenol on BP. Two investigators independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42018112172. Overall, the impact of pycnogenol on BP was reported in 7 trials involving 626 participants. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant improvement in systolic BP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.028 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.182 to 0.127; P = .726; I2= 46%), diastolic BP (WMD: −0.144 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.299 to 0.010; P = .067; I2= 0%), mean arterial pressure (WMD: −0.091 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.246 to 0.063; P = .246; I2= 0%), and pulse pressure (WMD: −0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.151 to 0.158; P = .966; I2= 0%) following pycnogenol treatment. Results persisted in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the present meta-analysis does not suggest any significant effect of pycnogenol on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Rome, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vivianne Presta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna, Italy
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The role of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of hypertension: An updated review of the literature. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108749. [PMID: 31955788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide epidemic in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack. In recent years, several studies have reported associations between specific dietary ingredients and improving HTN. Nutraceuticals are natural food components with pharmacological properties. Reports suggest that functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients might support patients to obtain the desired therapeutic blood pressure (BP) goals and reduce cardiovascular risks by modulating various risk factors such as oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system hyperactivity, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and vascular resistance. We review the recent clinical experiments that have evaluated the biological and pharmacological activities of several types of nutraceuticals, including sour tea, cocoa, common spices, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, flavonoids, coenzyme Q10, milk's tripeptides, calcium, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and prebiotics in preventing and treating HTN. This review summarizes recent knowledge about the impact of common nutraceuticals for the regulation of BP.
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9
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Osorio M, Cañas A, Puerta J, Díaz L, Naranjo T, Ortiz I, Castro C. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Biocompatibility Assessment (Blood and Tissue) of Three-Dimensional Bacterial Nanocellulose Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Implants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10553. [PMID: 31332259 PMCID: PMC6646330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a promising biomedical material. However, the haemocompatibility (haemolysis and thrombogenicity) and acute and sub-chronic immune responses to three-dimensional (3D) BNC biomaterials have not been evaluated. Accordingly, this manuscript focused on the effect of 3D microporosity on BNC haemocompatibility and a comparison with 2D BNC architecture, followed by the evaluation of the immune response to 3D BNC. Blood ex vivo studies indicated that compared with other 2D and 3D BNC architectures, never-dried 2D BNC presented antihemolytic and antithrombogenic effects. Nevertheless, in vivo studies indicated that 3D BNC did not interfere with wound haemostasis and elicited a mild acute inflammatory response, not a foreign body or chronic inflammatory response. Moreover, compared with the polyethylene controls, the implant design with micropores ca. 60 µm in diameter showed a high level of collagen, neovascularization and low fibrosis. Cell/tissue infiltration increased to 91% after 12 weeks and was characterized by fibroblastic, capillary and extracellular matrix infiltration. Accordingly, 3D BNC biomaterials can be considered a potential implantable biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation or replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osorio
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Cañas
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia
| | - J Puerta
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72 A # 78 B-141, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Díaz
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia
| | - T Naranjo
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72 A # 78 B-141, Medellín, Colombia
| | - I Ortiz
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78 B # 72 A-109, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C Castro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 # 70-01, Medellín, Colombia.
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10
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Cicero AFG, Grassi D, Tocci G, Galletti F, Borghi C, Ferri C. Nutrients and Nutraceuticals for the Management of High Normal Blood Pressure: An Evidence-Based Consensus Document. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:9-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-018-0296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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11
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Is it Possible to Significantly Modify Blood Pressure with a Combined Nutraceutical on Top of a Healthy Diet? The Results of a Pilot Clinical Trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2018; 25:401-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-018-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Petyaev IM, Dovgalevsky PY, Klochkov VA, Chalyk NE, Pristensky DV, Chernyshova MP, Udumyan R, Kocharyan T, Kyle NH, Lozbiakova MV, Bashmakov YK. Effect of lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular parameters and markers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with coronary vascular disease. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1770-1777. [PMID: 30258622 PMCID: PMC6145244 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency play a pivotal role in initiation, development, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacokinetic parameters as well as the impact of highly bioavailable lycopene on cardiovascular variables, markers of inflammation and oxidation were investigated during a 30-day clinical trial in patients with coronary vascular disease. The patients were randomized into two major groups and were supplemented with a single 7 mg daily dose of lycopene ingested either in the form of lactolycopene (68 patients) or in the form of lycosome-formulated GA lycopene (74 patients). The endpoints included cardiovascular function parameters, serum lipids, and four markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ingestion of lycosome-formulated lycopene increased serum lycopene levels by 2.9- and 4.3-fold, respectively, after 2 and 4 weeks of the trial, whereas supplementation with lactolycopene upregulated serum lycopene by half-fold only after 4 weeks of ingestion. Lycosome formulation of lycopene resulted by the end of the trial in a threefold reduction in Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG and reduction to the same degree of the inflammatory oxidative damage marker. The decrease in oxidized LDL caused by lycosome-formulated lycopene was fivefold. Moreover, supplementation with lycosome-formulated lycopene was accompanied by a significant increase in tissue oxygenation and flow-mediated dilation by the end of the observational period. In contrast, lactolycopene did not cause any significant changes in the parameters studied. Therefore, enhanced bioavailability of lycopene promotes its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions and endorses a positive effect of lycopene on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruzan Udumyan
- Orebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical SciencesOrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Taron Kocharyan
- Orebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical SciencesOrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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Orona-Tamayo D, Valverde ME, Paredes-López O. Bioactive peptides from selected latin american food crops – A nutraceutical and molecular approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1949-1975. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1434480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domancar Orona-Tamayo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP
| | - María Elena Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, CP
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14
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Fogacci F, Tocci G, Presta V, Fratter A, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1605-1618. [PMID: 29359958 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1422480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of resveratrol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are controversial. Purpose: We aimed to assess the impact of resveratrol on BP through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: Literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases up to 17th October 2017 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of resveratrol on BP. Two review authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods and outcomes. Overall, the impact of resveratrol on BP was reported in 17 trials. Results: Administration of resveratrol did not significantly affect neither systolic BP [weighted mean difference (WMD): -2.5 95% CI:(-5.5, 0.6) mmHg; p=0.116; I2=62.1%], nor diastolic BP [WMD: -0.5 95% CI:(-2.2, 1.3) mmHg; p=0.613; I2=50.8], nor mean BP [MAP; WMD: -1.3 95% CI:(-2.8, 0.1) mmHg; p=0.070; I2=39.5%] nor pulse pressure [PP; WMD: -0.9 95% CI:(-3.1, 1.4) mmHg; p=0.449; I2=19.2%]. However, significant WMDs were detected in subsets of studies categorized according to high resveratrol daily dosage (≥300 mg/day) and presence of diabetes. Meta-regression analysis revealed a positive association between systolic BP-lowering resveratrol activity (slope: 1.99; 95% CI: 0.05, 3.93; two-tailed p= 0.04) and Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline, while no association was detected neither between baseline BMI and MAP-lowering resveratrol activity (slope: 1.35; 95% CI: -0.22, 2.91; two-tailed p= 0.09) nor between baseline BMI and PP-lowering resveratrol activity (slope: 1.03; 95% CI: -1.33, 3.39; two-tailed p= 0.39). Resveratrol was fairly well-tolerated and no serious adverse events occurred among most of the eligible trials. Conclusion: The favourable effect of resveratrol emerging from the current meta-analysis suggests the possible use of this nutraceutical as active compound in order to promote cardiovascular health, mostly when used in high daily dose (≥300 mg/day) and in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- a Medical and Surgical Sciences Dept. , University of Bologna , Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- b Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, and IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli ( IS ), Italy
| | - Vivianne Presta
- b Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, and IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli ( IS ), Italy
| | | | - Claudio Borghi
- a Medical and Surgical Sciences Dept. , University of Bologna , Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- a Medical and Surgical Sciences Dept. , University of Bologna , Italy
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Colletti A. Commentary to: "The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2018; 25:51-52. [PMID: 29352426 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-018-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital-University of Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital-University of Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital-University of Bologna, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Paucar-Menacho LM, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Dueñas M, Frias J, Peñas E. Response surface optimisation of germination conditions to improve the accumulation of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity in quinoa. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Paucar-Menacho
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Agrónoma; Universidad Nacional del Santa; Av. Universitaria s/n Urb, Bella Mar Nuevo Chimbote Ancash Perú
| | | | - Montserrat Dueñas
- Research Group on Polyphenols, Nutrition and Bromatology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Salamanca; Campus Miguel Unamuno Salamanca 37007 Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Elena Peñas
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3 Madrid 28006 Spain
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Abstract
Nutraceuticals are dietary components with pharmacologic properties that can be used to treat various disease states. There is growing interest among patients in the use of nutraceuticals for the management of hypertension; as such, it is important that clinicians are prepared to engage in meaningful discussions with their patients about these substances. Flavonoids, beetroot, garlic, and unsaturated fats have garnered significant attention for their blood pressure lowering properties. We review the clinical evidence and reported mechanisms of action for these substances in an attempt to offer a practical guide for clinicians to engage with patients who are highly motivated to seek out nutraceutical therapies to manage their hypertension.
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Colletti A. Potential role of bioactive peptides in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases: a narrative review. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1378-1394. [PMID: 27572703 PMCID: PMC5429326 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, increasing interest has been directed to bioactive peptides of animal and plant origin: in particular, researchers have focused their attention on their mechanisms of action and potential role in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular and infective diseases. We have developed a search strategy to identify these studies in PubMed (January 1980 to May 2016); particularly those papers presenting comprehensive reviews or meta-analyses, plus in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials on those bioactive peptides that affect cardiovascular diseases, immunity or cancer, or have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. In this review we have mostly focused on evidence-based healthy properties of bioactive peptides from different sources. Bioactive peptides derived from fish, milk, meat and plants have demonstrated significant antihypertensive and lipid-lowering activity in clinical trials. Many bioactive peptides show selective cytotoxic activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo, whereas others have immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, some peptides exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, which could aid in the prevention of chronic diseases. However, clinical evidence is at an early stage, and there is a need for solid pharmacokinetic data and for standardized extraction procedures. Further studies on animals and randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these effects, and enable these peptides to be used as preventive or therapeutic treatments. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Medicine and Surgery DeptartmentAlma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Colletti A. Food and plant bioactives for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk: an evidence based approach. Food Funct 2017; 8:2076-2088. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals active on the main cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center
- Medical & Surgical Sciences Dept
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center
- Medical & Surgical Sciences Dept
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Research Center
- Medical & Surgical Sciences Dept
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna
- Bologna
- Italy
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20
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1770-88. [PMID: 26887821 PMCID: PMC5021119 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary (poly)phenols promote well‐being by improving chronic disease‐risk biomarkers, such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and plasma uric acid, is the subject of intense current research, involving human interventions studies, animal models and in vitro mechanistic work. The original claim that benefits were due to the direct antioxidant properties of (poly)phenols has been mostly superseded by detailed mechanistic studies on specific molecular targets. Nevertheless, many proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro are due to modulation of oxidative processes, often involving binding to specific proteins and effects on cell signalling. We review the molecular mechanisms for 3 actions of (poly)phenols on oxidative processes where there is evidence in vivo from human intervention or animal studies. (1) Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A, Rosticci M, Cagnati M, Urso R, Giovannini M, Borghi C, D'Addato S. Effect of Lactotripeptides (Isoleucine-Proline-Proline/Valine-Proline-Proline) on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness Changes in Subjects with Suboptimal Blood Pressure Control and Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 14:161-6. [PMID: 26683986 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactotripeptides (LTPs) have a mild antihypertensive effect in hypertensive subjects. The main aim of our clinical trial was to test if LTPs could have some influence on blood pressure (BP) and related hemodynamic parameters in a sample of outpatients affected by metabolic syndrome. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted in a group of 40 nonsmoking volunteers with metabolic syndrome. The treatment periods were 4 weeks long and were separated by a 4-week washout period. The dietary supplementation was made by daily administration of LTPs from casein, 10.2 mg/day, and compared with placebo. RESULTS During the LTP treatment, patients experienced a significant mean decrease in systolic BP (SBP; -3.4 ± 4.4 mmHg, P = 0.041), diastolic BP (DBP; -3.1 ± 3.2 mmHg, P = 0.049), and pulse wave velocity (PWV; -0.7 ± 0.3 m/sec, P = 0.001). After LTP treatment, delta SBP, DBP, and PP were all significantly improved (P < 0.01 for all) compared with placebo. PWV also improved significantly after LTP treatment with respect to the end of the treatment with placebo (-0.8 ± 0.4 vs. -0.1 ± 0.3 m/sec, P = 0.009). The square root of the ratio of peak:baseline pulse volume during hyperemia (√V2/V1) improved after LTP treatment only (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.04). Through the evaluation of the hemodynamic parameters that were measured by the 24-hr ambulatory monitoring, we observed that SBP, MBP, and the percentage of time with SBP over the normal were significantly reduced only after the LTP treatment (P < 0.05). These parameters were also significantly improved when compared with the ones measured after the placebo treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our trial, during LTP treatment, patients affected by metabolic syndrome experienced a mild but significant improvement in office and 24-hr BP, PWV, and endothelial function compared with placebo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Cagnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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