1
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Nadporojskii MA, Orlovskaya VV, Fedorova OS, Sysoev DS, Krasikova RN. Automation of Copper-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Aryl Pinacol Boronates Using 4-Dimethylaminopyridinium Triflate. Molecules 2024; 29:3342. [PMID: 39064920 PMCID: PMC11279627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the copper-mediated radiofluorination of aryl pinacol boronates (arylBPin) using the commercially available, air-stable Cu(OTf)2Py4 catalyst is one of the most efficient synthesis approaches, greatly facilitating access to a range of radiotracers, including drug-like molecules with nonactivated aryl scaffolds. Further adjustment of this methodology, in particular, the [18F]fluoride recovery step for the routine preparation of radiotracers, has been the focus of recent research. In our recent study, an organic solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DMAPOTf) was found to be an efficient PTC for eluting radionuclides retained on the weak anion exchange cartridge, Oasis WAX 1cc, employing the inverse sorption-elution protocol. Notably, the following Cu-mediated radiofluorination of arylBPin precursors in the presence of the Cu(OTf)2(Py)4 catalyst can be performed with high efficiency in the same solvent, bypassing not only the conventional azeotropic drying procedure but any solvent replacement. In the current study, we aimed to translate this methodology, originally developed for remote-controlled operation with manual interventions, into the automated synthesis module on the TRACERlab automation platform. The adjustment of the reagent amounts and solvents allowed for high efficiency in the radiofluorination of a series of model arylBPin substrates on the TRACERlab FXFE Pro synthesis module, which was adapted for nucleophilic radiofluorinations. The practical applicability of the developed radiofluorination approach with DMAPOTf elution was demonstrated in the automated synthesis of 6-L-[18F]FDOPA. The radiotracer was obtained with an activity yield (AY; isolated, not decay-corrected) of 5.2 ± 0.5% (n = 3), with a synthesis time of ca. 70 min on the TRACERlab FX N Pro automation platform. The obtained AY was comparable with one reported by others (6 ± 1%) using the same boronate precursor, while a slightly higher AY of 6-L-[18F]FDOPA (14.5 ± 0.5%) was achieved in our previous work using commercially available Bu4NOTf as the PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Nadporojskii
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Viktoriya V. Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.O.); (O.S.F.)
| | - Olga S. Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.O.); (O.S.F.)
| | - Dmitry S. Sysoev
- Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.N.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Raisa N. Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.O.); (O.S.F.)
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2
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Ford J, Ortalli S, Gouverneur V. The 18F-Difluoromethyl Group: Challenges, Impact and Outlook. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404957. [PMID: 38640422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The difluoromethyl functionality has proven useful in drug discovery, as it can modulate the properties of bioactive molecules. For PET imaging, this structural motif has been largely underexploited in (pre)clinical radiotracers due to a lack of user-friendly radiosynthetic routes. This Minireview provides an overview of the challenges facing radiochemists and summarises the efforts made to date to access 18F-difluoromethyl-containing radiotracers. Two distinct approaches have prevailed, the first of which relies on 18F-fluorination. A second approach consists of a 18F-difluoromethylation process, which uses 18F-labelled reagents capable of releasing key reactive intermediates such as the [18F]CF2H radical or [18F]difluorocarbene. Finally, we provide an outlook for future directions in the radiosynthesis of [18F]CF2H compounds and their application in tracer radiosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastiano Ortalli
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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3
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Ford J, Ortalli S, Chen Z, Sap JBI, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. Expedient Access to 18F-Fluoroheteroarenes via Deaminative Radiofluorination of Aniline-Derived Pyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404945. [PMID: 38624193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose that pyridinium salts derived from abundant (hetero)anilines represent a novel precursor class for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with [18F]fluoride. The value of this new 18F-fluorodeamination is demonstrated with the synthesis of over 30 structurally diverse and complex heteroaryl 18F-fluorides, several derived from scaffolds that were yet to be labelled with fluorine-18. The protocol tolerates heteroarenes and functionalities commonly found in drug discovery libraries, and is amenable to scale-up and automation on a commercial radiosynthesiser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ford
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastiano Ortalli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Current address: Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
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4
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Lye K, Young RD. A review of frustrated Lewis pair enabled monoselective C-F bond activation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2712-2724. [PMID: 38404400 PMCID: PMC10882520 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) bond activation chemistry has greatly developed over the last two decades since the seminal report of metal-free reversible hydrogen activation. Recently, FLP systems have been utilized to allow monoselective C-F bond activation (at equivalent sites) in polyfluoroalkanes. The problem of 'over-defluorination' in the functionalization of polyfluoroalkanes (where multiple fluoro-positions are uncontrollably functionalized) has been a long-standing chemical problem in fluorocarbon chemistry for over 80 years. FLP mediated monoselective C-F bond activation is complementary to other solutions developed to address 'over-defluorination' and offers several advantages and unique opportunities. This perspective highlights some of these advantages and opportunities and places the development of FLP mediated C-F bond activation into the context of the wider effort to overcome 'over-defluorination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lye
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia
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5
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Ovdiichuk O, Lahdenpohja S, Béen Q, Tanguy L, Kuhnast B, Collet-Defossez C. [ 18F]fluoride Activation and 18F-Labelling in Hydrous Conditions-Towards a Microfluidic Synthesis of PET Radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2023; 29:147. [PMID: 38202730 PMCID: PMC10779751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
18F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals are indispensable in positron emission tomography. The critical step in the preparation of 18F-labelled tracers is the anhydrous F-18 nucleophilic substitution reaction, which involves [18F]F- anions generated in aqueous media by the cyclotron. For this, azeotropic drying by distillation is widely used in standard synthesisers, but microfluidic systems are often not compatible with such a process. To avoid this step, several methods compatible with aqueous media have been developed. We summarised the existing approaches and two of them have been studied in detail. [18F]fluoride elution efficiencies have been investigated under different conditions showing high 18F-recovery. Finally, a large scope of precursors has been assessed for radiochemical conversion, and these hydrous labelling techniques have shown their potential for tracer production using a microfluidic approach, more particularly compatible with iMiDEV™ cassette volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ovdiichuk
- Nancyclotep, Molecular Imaging Platform, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Salla Lahdenpohja
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Inserm, CNRS, BioMaps, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Quentin Béen
- Nancyclotep, Molecular Imaging Platform, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Inserm, CNRS, BioMaps, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Charlotte Collet-Defossez
- Nancyclotep, Molecular Imaging Platform, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, 54000 Nancy, France
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6
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Laurène W, Raúl L, Katalin S, Céline F, Gilles K, Antonio M, Charlotte C, Samir A. Design and synthesis of a new bifunctional chelating agent: Application for Al 18F/ 177Lu complexation. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112267. [PMID: 37329775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic and personalized medicine are blooming strategies to improve oncologic patients' health care and facilitate early treatment. While 18F-radiochemistry for theranostic application is attractive due to its imaging properties, combining diagnosis by positron emission tomography (PET) via aluminum-fluoride-18 and β- therapy with lutetium-177 is relevant. Nevertheless, it requires the use of two different chelating agents, which are NOTA and DOTA for aluminum-fluoride-18 and lutetium-177 radiolabeling, respectively. To overcome this issue, we propose herein the synthesis of a new hybrid chelating agent named NO2A-AHM, which can be labeled with different types of emitters (β+, β- and γ) using the mismatched Al18F/177Lu pair. NO2A-AHM, is based on a hydrazine moiety functionalized by a NOTA cycle, a chelating arm, and a linker with a maleimide function. This design is chosen to increase the flexibility and allow the formation of 5 up to 7 coordination bonds with metal ions. Moreover, this agent can be coupled to targeting moieties containing a thiol function, such as peptides, to increase selectivity towards specific cancer cells. Experimental complexation and computational chemistry studies are performed to confirm the capacity of our chelating agent to label both aluminum-fluoride and lutetium using molecular modeling approaches at Density Functional Theory (DFT) level. The proof of concept of the ability of NO2A-AHM to complex both aluminum-fluoride-18, for PET imaging applications, and lutetium-177 for radiotherapy has shown encouraging results which is prominent for the development of a fully consistent theranostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Laurène
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France; Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire, F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Losantos Raúl
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Chemistry, CISQ, Universidad de La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Frochot Céline
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Karcher Gilles
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire, F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Monari Antonio
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Collet Charlotte
- Nancyclotep, Plateforme d'imagerie moléculaire, F-54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, INSERM, IADI, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Acherar Samir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPM, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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7
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Orlovskaya VV, Fedorova OS, Viktorov NB, Vaulina DD, Krasikova RN. One-Pot Radiosynthesis of [18F]Anle138b—5-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-(6-[18F]fluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole—A Potential PET Radiotracer Targeting α-Synuclein Aggregates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062732. [PMID: 36985703 PMCID: PMC10052605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of PET imaging radiotracers targeting α-synuclein aggregates is important for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and related α-synucleinopathies, as well as for the development of new therapeutics. Derived from a pyrazole backbone, 11C-labelled derivatives of anle138b (3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-(3-bromophenyl)-1H-pyrazole)—an inhibitor of α-synuclein and prion protein oligomerization—are currently in active development as the candidates for PET imaging α-syn aggregates. This work outlines the synthesis of a radiotracer based on the original structure of anle138b, labelled with fluorine-18 isotope, eminently suitable for PET imaging due to half-life and decay energy characteristics (97% β+ decay, 109.7 min half-life, and 635 keV positron energy). A three-step radiosynthesis was developed starting from 6-[18F]fluoropiperonal (6-[18F]FP) that was prepared using (piperonyl)(phenyl)iodonium bromide as a labelling precursor. The obtained 6-[18F]FP was used directly in the condensation reaction with tosylhydrazide followed by 1,3-cycloaddition of the intermediate with 3′-bromophenylacetylene eliminating any midway without any intermediate purifications. This one-pot approach allowed the complete synthesis of [18F]anle138b within 105 min with RCY of 15 ± 3% (n = 3) and Am in the range of 32–78 GBq/µmol. The [18F]fluoride processing and synthesis were performed in a custom-built semi-automated module, but the method can be implemented in all the modern automated platforms. While there is definitely space for further optimization, the procedure developed is well suited for preclinical studies of this novel radiotracer in animal models and/or cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya V. Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai B. Viktorov
- St. Petersburg State Technological Institute, Technical University, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria D. Vaulina
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa N. Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Oxidation-Cyclisation of Biphenyl Thioethers to Dibenzothiophenium Salts for Ultrarapid 18F-Labelling of PET Tracers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415481. [PMID: 36555122 PMCID: PMC9779140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-labelled radiotracers are in high demand and play an important role for diagnostic imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Challenges associated with the synthesis of the labelling precursors and the incorporation of [18F]fluoride with practical activity yields at batch scale are the main limitations for the development of new 18F-PET tracers. Herein, we report a high-yielding and robust synthetic method to access naked dibenzothiophenium salt precursors of complex PET tracers and their labelling with [18F]fluoride. C-S cross-coupling of biphenyl-2-thioacetate with aryl halides followed by sequential oxidation-cyclisation of the corresponding thioethers gives dibenzothiophenium salts in good to excellent yields. Labelling of neutral and electron-deficient substrates with [18F]fluoride is ultrarapid and occurs under mild conditions (1 min at 90 °C) with high activity yields. The method enables facile synthesis of complex and sensitive radiotracers, as exemplified by radiofluorination of three clinically relevant PET tracers [18F]UCB-J, [18F]AldoView and [18F]FNDP, and can accelerate the development and clinical translation of new 18F-radiopharmaceuticals.
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9
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Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Aliphatic 18 F-Radiofluorination: Recent Advances in the Labeling of Base-Sensitive Substrates*. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2612-2622. [PMID: 34169672 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic fluorine-18 radiolabeling is the most commonly used method to synthesize tracers for PET-imaging. With an increasing demand for 18 F-radiotracers for clinical applications, new labeling strategies aiming to increase radiochemical yields of established tracers or, more importantly, to enable 18 F-labeling of new scaffolds have been developed. In recent years, increased attention has been focused on the direct aliphatic 18 F-fluorination of base-sensitive substrates in this respect. This minireview gives a concise overview of the recent advances within this field and aims to highlight the advantages and limitations of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Sander K, Gendron T, Cybulska KA, Sirindil F, Zhou J, Kalber TL, Lythgoe MF, Kurzawinski TR, Brown MJ, Williams B, Årstad E. Development of [ 18F]AldoView as the First Highly Selective Aldosterone Synthase PET Tracer for Imaging of Primary Hyperaldosteronism. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9321-9329. [PMID: 34137616 PMCID: PMC8273890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to synthesize a fluorine-18 labeled, highly selective aldosterone synthase (hCYP11B2) inhibitor, [18F]AldoView, and to assess its potential for the detection of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) with positron emission tomography in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). Using dibenzothiophene sulfonium salt chemistry, [18F]AldoView was obtained in high radiochemical yield in one step from [18F]fluoride. In mice, the tracer showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, including rapid distribution and clearance. Imaging in the adrenal tissue from patients with PHA revealed diffuse binding patterns in the adrenal cortex, avid binding in some adenomas, and "hot spots" consistent with aldosterone-producing cell clusters. The binding pattern was in good visual agreement with the antibody staining of hCYP11B2 and distinguished areas with normal and excessive hCYP11B2 expression. Taken together, [18F]AldoView is a promising tracer for the detection of APAs in patients with PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Klaudia A Cybulska
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Fatih Sirindil
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
| | - Junhua Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Tom R Kurzawinski
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, U.K
| | - Morris J Brown
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, U.K.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London WC1E 6BS, U.K
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11
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Hernández-Valdés D, Sadeghi S. Electrochemical Radiofluorination of Small Molecules: New Advances. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2397-2410. [PMID: 34010479 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of new 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals constantly demands innovations in the search for new radiofluorination methods. [18 F]fluoride is the simplest and most convenient chemical form of the isotope for the synthesis of 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals. The ease of production and handling, as well as the possibility of obtaining high molar activities, makes it the preferred choice for radiofluorination. However, the use of [18 F]fluoride in late-stage radiofluorination comes with challenges, especially for the radiolabeling of electron-rich molecules where SN 2 and SN Ar reactions are not suitable. New developments in fluorination chemistry have been extensively studied to overcome these difficulties. Selective electrochemical oxidation of precursors, using a controlled potential, is one method to create reactive intermediates and overcome the activation energy required for nucleophilic fluorination of electron-rich moieties. This method has been used for years in cold fluorination of organic molecules and more recently has been adapted as an alternative to traditional radiofluorination methods. Although relatively young, this field stands out as a promising route for the synthesis of new PET probes as well as fluorinated pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical radiofluorination as an alternative for the late-stage radiolabeling of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Willmann M, Hegger J, Neumaier B, Ermert J. Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluation of [ 18F]R91150, a Selective 5-HT 2A Receptor Antagonist for PET-Imaging. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:738-744. [PMID: 34055220 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors in cortical and forebrain regions are an important substrate for the neuromodulatory actions of serotonin in the brain. They have been implicated in the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders and serve as a target for antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic drugs. Positron emission tomography imaging using suitable radioligands can be applied for in vivo quantification of receptor densities and receptor occupancy for therapy evaluation. Recently, the radiosynthesis of the selective 5-HT2AR antagonist [18F]R91150 was reported. However, the six-step radiosynthesis is cumbersome and time-consuming with low radiochemical yields (RCYs) of <5%. In this work, [18F]R91150 was prepared using late-stage Cu-mediated radiofluorination to simplify its synthesis. The detailed protocol enabled us to obtain RCYs of 14 ± 1%, and the total synthesis time was reduced to 60 min. In addition, autoradiographic studies with [18F]R91150 in rat brain slices revealed the typical uptake pattern of 5-HT2A receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Hegger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Uniklinik Köln, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), 52425 Jülich, Germany
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13
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Orlovskaya V, Fedorova O, Kuznetsova O, Krasikova R. Cu‐Mediated Radiofluorination of Aryl Pinacolboronate Esters: Alcohols as Solvents with Application to 6‐L‐[
18
F]FDOPA Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Kuznetsova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
| | - Raisa Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences 9, Pavlova street 197376 Saint‐Petersburg Russia
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14
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Automated synthesis of the 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES): minimization of precursor amount and resulting benefits. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The 16α-[18F]Fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) is an established PET radiotracer for estrogen positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although the radiosynthesis is well-described, the majority of the published methods suffer from modest or irreproducible yields and time-intensive purification procedures. In view of the considerable clinical applications, development of a more efficient and faster synthesis of [18F]FES still remains a task of a significant practical importance. [18F]FES was produced by a direct nucleophilic radiofluorination of 3-O-methoxymethyl-16,17-O-sulfuryl-16-epiestriol (MMSE), followed by acidic hydrolysis using HCl/CH3CN. [18F]Fluoride retained on a QMA carb cartridge (46 mg) was eluted by solution of 1.2 mg of tetrabutylammonium tosylate (TBAOTs) in EtOH. After fluorination reaction (0.3 mg MMSE, 1 ml of CH3CN/100 °C, 5 min) [18F]FES was isolated by single-cartridge SPE purification using OASIS WAX 3cc, elution accomplished with aqueous ethanol of different concentrations. On а GE TRACERlab FX N Pro automated module [18F]FES (formulated in normal saline with 5% EtOH) was obtained in 33 ± 3% yield (n = 5, non-decay corrected) within 32 min. Reduction of precursor amount, exclusion of azeotropic drying step and simplification of purification make the suggested method readily adaptable to various automated synthesizers and offers significant cost decrease.
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15
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Research progress of 18F labeled small molecule positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112629. [PMID: 32956956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of positron emission tomography (PET) technology, a variety of PET imaging agents labeled with radionuclide 18F have been developed and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various clinical diseases in recent years. For example, they have showed a great value of study in the field of tumor detection, tumor treatment and evaluation of tumor therapy in a non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative way. In this review, we highlight the recent development in chemical synthesis, structure and characterization, imaging characterization, and potential applications of these 18F labeled small molecule PET imaging agents for the past five years. The development and application of 18F labeled small molecules will expand our knowledge of the function and distribution of diseases-related molecular targets and shed light on the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including tumors.
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16
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Krasikova RN. Nucleophilic Synthesis of 6-l-[ 18F]FDOPA. Is Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination the Answer? Molecules 2020; 25:E4365. [PMID: 32977512 PMCID: PMC7582790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography employing 6-l-[18F]fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-l-[18F]FDOPA) is currently a highly relevant clinical tool for detection of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors and evaluation of Parkinson's disease progression. Yet, the deficiencies of electrophilic synthesis of 6-l-[18F]FDOPA hold back its wider use. To fulfill growing clinical demands for this radiotracer, novel synthetic strategies via direct nucleophilic 18F-radiloabeling starting from multi-Curie amounts of [18F]fluoride, have been recently introduced. In particular, Cu-mediated radiofluorination of arylpinacol boronates and arylstannanes show significant promise for introduction into clinical practice. In this short review these current developments will be discussed with a focus on their applicability to automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa N Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Orlovskaya V, Antuganov D, Fedorova O, Timofeev V, Krasikova R. Tetrabutylammonium tosylate as inert phase-transfer catalyst: The key to high efficiency SN2 radiofluorinations. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 163:109195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Zlatopolskiy BD, Endepols H, Krasikova RN, Fedorova OS, Ermert J, Neumaier B. 11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans as PET-tracers for imaging of altered tryptophan metabolism in age-associated disorders. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ageing of the world’s population is the result of increased life expectancy observed in almost all countries throughout the world. Consequently, a rising tide of ageing-associated disorders, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, represents one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The ability of mankind to overcome these challenges is directly dependent on the capability to develop novel methods for therapy and diagnosis of age-associated diseases. One hallmark of age-related pathologies is an altered tryptophan metabolism. Numerous pathological processes including neurodegenerative and neurological diseases like epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cancer and diabetes exhibit marked changes in tryptophan metabolism. Visualization of key processes of tryptophan metabolic pathways, especially using positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI, can be exploited to early detect the aforementioned disorders with considerable accuracy, allowing appropriate and timely treatment of patients. Here we review the published 11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans with respect to the production and also preclinical and clinical evaluation as PET-tracers for visualization of different branches of tryptophan metabolism.
The bibliography includes 159 references.
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19
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PET Imaging of l-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) and Cystine-Glutamate Antiporter (xc−) with [18F]FDOPA and [18F]FSPG in Breast Cancer Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1562-1571. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Wilson TC, Pillarsetty N, Reiner T. A one-pot radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]PARPi. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:419-425. [PMID: 32391930 PMCID: PMC7551923 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we disclose a new strategy for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]PARPi from the corresponding, boc-protected, nitro-precursor. Using a two-step procedure, [18 F]PARPi could be isolated in radiochemical yields up to 9.6%. The reaction proceeds via an efficient one-pot, two-step process, allowing for simplification over previous methods that require complex multi-step, multi-pot strategies to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Sharninghausen LS, Brooks AF, Winton WP, Makaravage KJ, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. NHC-Copper Mediated Ligand-Directed Radiofluorination of Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7362-7367. [PMID: 32250612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[18F]-labeled aryl fluorides are widely used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Aryl halides (ArX) are particularly attractive precursors to these radiotracers, as they are readily available, inexpensive, and stable. However, to date, the direct preparation of [18F]-aryl fluorides from aryl halides remains limited to SNAr reactions between highly activated ArX substrates and K18F. This report describes an aryl halide radiofluorination reaction in which the C(sp2)-18F bond is formed via a copper-mediated pathway. Copper N-heterocyclic carbene complexes serve as mediators for this transformation, using aryl halide substrates with directing groups at the ortho position. This reaction is applied to the radiofluorination of electronically diverse aryl halide derivatives, including the bioactive molecules vismodegib and PH089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam S Sharninghausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Radical C–H 18F-Difluoromethylation of Heteroarenes with [18F]Difluoromethyl Heteroaryl-Sulfones by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 18F-labeling of CF2H groups has been recently studied in radiopharmaceutical chemistry owing to the favorable nuclear and physical characteristics of the radioisotope 18F for positron emission tomography (PET). Following up on the reported efficiency of the [18F]difluoromethyl benzothiazolyl-sulfone ([18F]1) as a 18F-difluoromethylating reagent, we investigated the influence of structurally-related [18F]difluoromethyl heteroaryl-sulfones in the reactivity toward the photoredox C–H 18F-difluoromethylation of heteroarenes under continuous-flow conditions. In the present work, six new [18F]difluoromethyl heteroaryl-sulfones [18F]5a–[18F]5f were prepared and, based on the overall radiochemical yields (RCYs), three of these reagents ([18F]5a, [18F]5c, and [18F]5f) were selected for the fully automated radiosynthesis on a FASTlabTM synthesizer (GE Healthcare) at high level of starting radioactivity. Subsequently, their efficiency as 18F-difluoromethylating reagents was evaluated using the antiherpetic drug acyclovir as a model substrate. Our results showed that the introduction of molecular modifications in the structure of [18F]1 influenced the amount of fac-IrIII(ppy)3 and the residence time needed to ensure a complete C–H 18F-difluoromethylation process. The photocatalytic C–H 18F-difluoromethylation reaction with the reagents [18F]5a, [18F]5c, and [18F]5f was extended to other heteroarenes. Radical-trapping experiments demonstrated the likely involvement of radical species in the C–H 18F-difluoromethylation process.
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23
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site-Selective Late-Stage Aromatic [ 18 F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1956-1960. [PMID: 31697427 PMCID: PMC7004179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds in small complex molecules is a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a broadly applicable and site-selective aromatic C-H dibenzothiophenylation reaction. The conceptual advantage of this transformation is further demonstrated through the two-step C-H [18 F]fluorination of a series of marketed small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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24
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Yuan G, Shoup TM, Moon SH, Brownell AL. A concise method for fully automated radiosyntheses of [ 18F]JNJ-46356479 and [ 18F]FITM via Cu-mediated 18F-fluorination of organoboranes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25223-25227. [PMID: 33014351 PMCID: PMC7497470 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified alcohol-enhanced 18F-fluorodeboronation has been developed for the radiosyntheses of [18F]JNJ-46356479 and [18F]FITM. Unlike the [18F]KF/K222 approach, this method tolerates the presence of sensitive heterocycles in Bpin precursors 4 and 8 allowing a one-step 18F-fluorodeboronation on the fully automated TRACERlab™ FXFN platform. A modified alcohol-enhanced 18F-fluorodeboronation has been developed for the radiosyntheses of [18F]JNJ-46356479 and [18F]FITM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyang Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ;
| | - Timothy M Shoup
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ;
| | - Sung-Hyun Moon
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ;
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3rd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. ;
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26
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Xu P, Zhao D, Berger F, Hamad A, Rickmeier J, Petzold R, Kondratiuk M, Bohdan K, Ritter T. Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Aromatic [
18
F]Fluorination via Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Da Zhao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Aboubakr Hamad
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Roland Petzold
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mykhailo Kondratiuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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27
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S. Clemente G, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Dömling A, H. Elsinga P. Late-Stage Copper-Catalyzed Radiofluorination of an Arylboronic Ester Derivative of Atorvastatin. Molecules 2019; 24:E4210. [PMID: 31756986 PMCID: PMC6930542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for late-stage 18F-fluorination strategies to label molecules with a wide range of relevant functionalities to medicinal chemistry, in particular (hetero)arenes, aiming to obtain unique in vivo information on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) using positron emission tomography (PET). In the last few years, Cu-mediated oxidative radiofluorination of arylboronic esters/acids arose and has been successful in small molecules containing relatively simple (hetero)aromatic groups. However, this technique is sparsely used in the radiosynthesis of clinically significant molecules containing more complex backbones with several aromatic motifs. In this work, we add a new entry to this very limited database by presenting our recent results on the 18F-fluorination of an arylboronic ester derivative of atorvastatin. The moderate average conversion of [18F]F- (12%), in line with what has been reported for similarly complex molecules, stressed an overview through the literature to understand the radiolabeling variables and limitations preventing consistently higher yields. Nevertheless, the current disparity of procedures reported still hampers a consensual and conclusive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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A fully automated azeotropic drying free synthesis of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- -tyrosine ([18F]FET) using tetrabutylammonium tosylate. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:135-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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29
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Trump L, Lemos A, Lallemand B, Pasau P, Mercier J, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Genicot C. Late-Stage 18 F-Difluoromethyl Labeling of N-Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13149-13154. [PMID: 31323171 PMCID: PMC6790700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in CHF2 in medicinal chemistry, there is a lack of efficient methods for the insertion of CHF18 F into druglike compounds. Herein described is a photoredox flow reaction for 18 F-difluoromethylation of N-heteroaromatics that are widely used in medicinal chemistry. Following the two-step synthesis for a new 18 F-difluoromethylation reagent, the photoredox reaction is completed within two minutes and proceeds by C-H activation, circumventing the need for pre-functionalization of the substrate. The method is operationally simple and affords straightforward access to radiolabeled N-heteroaromatics with high molar activity suitable for biological in vivo studies and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trump
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Agostinho Lemos
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Bénédicte Lallemand
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Joël Mercier
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
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30
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Trump L, Lemos A, Lallemand B, Pasau P, Mercier J, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Genicot C. Late‐Stage
18
F‐Difluoromethyl Labeling of N‐Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trump
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Agostinho Lemos
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lallemand
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Joël Mercier
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo Imaging Cyclotron Research Center-B30 Université de Liège Quartier Agora, 6 allée du six août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicines UCB Biopharma sprl 1420 Braine-l'Alleud Belgium
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31
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Baeyer-Villiger oxidation tuned to chemoselective conversion of non-activated [18
F]fluorobenzaldehydes to [18
F]fluorophenols. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:380-392. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Tabey A, Audrain H, Fouquet E, Hermange P. Bioconjugated arylpalladium complexes on solid supports for a convenient last-step synthesis of 11C-labelled tracers for positron emission tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7587-7590. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugated arylpalladium complexes anchored onto polystyrene beads provided [11C]CO-labelled compounds with excellent radiochemical purities after a simple filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Audrain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center
- Aarhus University Hospital
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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Antuganov D, Zykov M, Timofeev V, Timofeeva K, Antuganova Y, Orlovskaya V, Fedorova O, Krasikova R. Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of Aryl Pinacolboronate Esters: A Straightforward Protocol by Using Pyridinium Sulfonates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Antuganov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Michail Zykov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasilii Timofeev
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ksenija Timofeeva
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulija Antuganova
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Victoriya Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Raisa Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
- Institute of Chemistry; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; St.-Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya Emb., 13B 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
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