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O'Leary DF, Coffey DN, Burke DFM, Roberts PA, Plant PB, Hayes DM. Caries Experience of People with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. J Dent 2024:105328. [PMID: 39197529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic Fibrosis is a multi-system disease, arising from a mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). There is a lack of information regarding oral disease levels among people with cystic fibrosis. As part of an ongoing study assessing oral health in adults with cystic fibrosis at XXXXXXXXXX, a systematic review of available literature was conducted to ascertain the caries experience of people with cystic fibrosis. The objective was to systematically present and evaluate the literature comparing caries experience between people with cystic fibrosis and people without cystic fibrosis. METHODS Five online databases were searched; Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Medline Ebsco and Cochrane Library. Studies that reported caries experience in people with cystic fibrosis were included in this review. RESULTS The initial search identified 1199 publications from online databases. Twenty-one studies were included for qualitative analysis. Fourteen studies reported a lower caries experience in children with CF compared to children without CF, five studies reported a higher caries experience in adults with CF, and two studies found inconclusive evidence regarding the association between caries experience and CF status. All studies had a risk of bias that may influence results. CONCLUSION Despite a lack of complete unanimity between all studies, there is a general trend that children with cystic fibrosis have a lower caries experience than their healthy counterparts, whereas adults with cystic fibrosis have a higher caries experience. The review highlights the need for further studies involving adults with cystic fibrosis as the majority of studies primarily consist of paediatric populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental practitioners should be aware that adults with cystic fibrosis have higher caries experience. Tailored approaches to dental care specific to cystic fibrosis individuals should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dr Fiona O'Leary
- Clinical Fellow in Restorative Dentistry, Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
| | - Dr Niamh Coffey
- Clinical Fellow in Restorative Dentistry, Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
| | - Dr Francis M Burke
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
| | - Prof Anthony Roberts
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
| | - Prof Barry Plant
- Consultant Respiratory Physician, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
| | - Dr Martina Hayes
- Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin.
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Chin D, Ramalingam L, Harrison J, Silva M. Oral health and related outcomes in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:455-469. [PMID: 38990412 PMCID: PMC11341622 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Good oral health is important for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the existing evidence base regarding oral health in children and adolescents with CF and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS Using a scoping review framework, a comprehensive search was undertaken using medline, embase, and PubMed. The search strategy included broad terms relating to CF, oral health, and children and adolescents and included only papers written in English. RESULTS 61 articles were included. Topics investigated included dental caries, enamel defects, periodontal health, dental staining, oral health related quality of life, dental management, and dental development of children and adolescents with CF. CONCLUSION Dental outcomes of children and adolescents with CF differ from the healthy population. The current literature describing dental health in children and adolescents with CF includes predominately descriptive analyses. A shift to hypothesis-based studies to explore causal relationships that explain the differences in dental outcomes seen in the CF population offers an opportunity to better understand the problems faced by children and adolescents with CF. Research that actively engages stakeholders, including children and adolescents with CF and their families will enable evidence-based recommendations to improve their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chin
- Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Ramalingam
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Harrison
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Silva
- Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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FionaO'Leary, Coffey N, Burke FM, Roberts A, O'Regan P, Kirwan L, Plant B, Hayes M. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in a cohort of adults with cystic fibrosis - A cross sectional study. J Dent 2024; 144:104893. [PMID: 38373520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition. It is a multisystem disease treated with a broad range of pharmacological therapies, diet and nutrition, and physiotherapy. Previous studies suggest that people with cystic fibrosis have a higher prevalence of developmental defects of enamel which may place this population at a greater risk of developing oral diseases such as caries. The aim of this study was to assess a cohort of people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) for the presence of developmental defects of enamel and compare the results with a control group of people without cystic fibrosis. METHODS A cross sectional study involving 92 participants with cystic fibrosis and 92 controls was conducted in Cork University Dental School & Hospital. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire prior to undergoing a full clinical examination. The Developmental Defect of Enamel Index was used as a measurement index. All data was statistically analysed with the help of statisticians from Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland. RESULTS 64 % (n = 59) of PwCF had enamel defects compared to just 30 % (n = 28) of people without cystic fibrosis. The median number of teeth affected by enamel defects in the study group was 1.5, compared to 0 in the control group. CONCLUSION In this study the cohort of PwCF had more enamel defects than people without CF. Further research is required to investigate the aetiology of these findings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians should be vigilant after teeth have erupted in PwCF as they may have an increased susceptibility to developmental defects of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- FionaO'Leary
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork.
| | - Niamh Coffey
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Francis M Burke
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Anthony Roberts
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, University College Cork
| | - Paul O'Regan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4
| | - Laura Kirwan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 W1V8
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Coffey N, O'Leary F, Burke F, Kirwan L, O'Regan P, Plant B, Roberts A, Hayes M. Periodontal disease prevalence and oral hygiene status of adults with cystic fibrosis: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:571-582. [PMID: 38233039 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis, and the oral hygiene status of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Republic of Ireland. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study in the form of a clinical examination of 92 adults with a diagnosis of CF was carried out in the adult CF unit in Cork University Hospital. A 40-item questionnaire was used to capture socio-demographic variables and medical and dental information. Two calibrated examiners carried out a periodontal assessment on participants, using the WHO-recommended CPI-modified index, and oral hygiene status was measured using the Greene-Vermillion index. The results were compared with a population-based control group of similar socio-demographic profile. RESULTS Oral hygiene levels (plaque and calculus) were significantly worse in people with CF, with a median plaque index of 0.83 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.333-1.542) in the CF group compared with 0.5 (IQR 0.167-0.667) in the non-CF group. Calculus index in the CF group was 0.33 (IQR 0.17-0.83) compared with 0.33 (IQR 0.125-0.33) in the non-CF group. However, periodontal disease levels were significantly lower in the CF group. Gingivitis (bleeding on probing ≥ 10% sites) was seen in 67.4% of the CF group, compared with 83.7% of the non-CF group, OR 0.365 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.181-0.736), relative risk (RR) 0.779 (95% CI 0.655-0.928). Mild periodontitis (periodontal probing depth [PPD] < 5 mm) was seen in 15.2% of the CF group, compared with 31.5% of the non-CF group, OR 0.390 (CI 0.190-0.800), RR 0.483 (95% CI 0.273-0.852). Severe periodontitis (PPD ≥ 6 mm) was seen in 0% of the CF group, compared with 9.8% of the non-CF group. There was a tendency, albeit non-significant, towards reduced periodontitis in PWCF who regularly took antibiotics, particularly azithromycin. CONCLUSIONS In this study, adults with CF had poor oral hygiene practices, with high levels of plaque and calculus. Despite this finding, adults with CF had lower levels of clinical gingivitis and periodontitis than seen in a non-CF control group. Further study is required to examine the causes of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Coffey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francis Burke
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura Kirwan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul O'Regan
- Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Plant
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anthony Roberts
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martina Hayes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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O'Leary F, Coffey N, Hayes M, Burke F, Harding M, Plant B. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in people with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:446. [PMID: 38609911 PMCID: PMC11015619 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health impacts systemic health, individual well-being, and quality of life. It is important to identify conditions that may exacerbate oral disease to aid public health and policy development and promote targeted patient treatment strategies. Developmental defects can increase an individual's risk of dental caries, hypersensitivity, premature tooth wear, erosion, and poor aesthetics. As part of an ongoing study assessing oral health in adults with cystic fibrosis at Cork University Dental School and Hospital, a systematic review of available literature was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel defects in people with cystic fibrosis. AIMS To critically evaluate the literature to determine if the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel is higher in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). METHODS Data Sources: Three online databases were searched Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies that examined an association between cystic fibrosis and developmental defects of enamel were included in this systematic review. RESULTS The initial search identified 116 publications from the following databases Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. Eleven studies were included for qualitative analysis. Nine studies concluded that PwCF had a higher prevalence of enamel defects than control people and one study found no difference in cystic fibrosis (CF) status. All studies had a risk of bias that may influence study results and their interpretation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the systematic review show a consistent pattern that PwCF have a higher prevalence of DDE than people without CF. Genetic dysfunction, chronic systemic infections, and long-term antibiotic use are possible aetiological causes. This review highlights the need for future studies to investigate if DDEs are caused by the underlying CFTR mutation or as a consequence of disease manifestations and/or management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Leary
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
- University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Coffey
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martina Hayes
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francis Burke
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairéad Harding
- Cork University Dental School & Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Abreu de Moraes D, Negrini Lia É, Jácome LMT, de Azevedo Pedrosa Cunha C, de Freitas Velloso Monte L. Oral health in individuals with cystic fibrosis: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25241. [PMID: 38356573 PMCID: PMC10865253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the production of thick and viscous mucus progressively affecting various organs and systems, with recurrent respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to learn about the oral health characteristics in CF patients. METHODOLOGY Data, such as sociodemographic, general and oral health, were collected from the medical records of CF patients aged 0 to 18 years old. The number of patients with tooth decay, prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), classification of dental occlusion, sialometry, salivary pH and oral microbial profile and respiratory secretions evaluations were recorded. RESULTS Most patients had pancreatic insufficiency (84.2%), malnutrition (60%), respiratory problems (75.4%) and genotyping of the F508del (66.7%). Regarding the medications used, 96.5% used vitamins and electrolyte replacement, 84,02% used pancreatic enzymes, 64.9% used dornase alfa and 47% were using antibiotics. The percentage of patients with tooth decay was 19.3%, 47% had DDE, low salivary flow and basic salivary pH. The most prevalent microorganisms found on tongue biofilm and respiratory secretions were SA and PA. There was a positive association between the presence of bacteria and fungi found on both the tongue and respiratory secretions. The presence of fungi on the tongue biofilm was significantly associated with the use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of dentists focusing on prevention and on the specific needs of the patient as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Abreu de Moraes
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, Quadra SEPS 704/904, Asa Sul, 70390-045 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Oral care considerations for people with cystic fibrosis: a cross-sectional qualitative study. BDJ Open 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 36906647 PMCID: PMC10008013 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the attitudes of adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) towards dental attendance and any perceived barriers to treatment. METHODS A cross sectional survey in the form of a structured, anonymous questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding adults with CF's feelings towards dentists and dental treatment. The final version of the questionnaire was based on a collaborative effort between researchers at Cork University Dental School and Hospital and Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patient advocates from CF Ireland. Participants were recruited via CF Ireland's mailing list and social media channels. The responses underwent descriptive statistical analysis and inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 71 people (33 Male: 38 Female) over the age of 18 living with CF in the Republic of Ireland responded to the survey. 54.9% of respondents were unhappy with their teeth. 63.4% felt that CF had an impact on oral health. 33.8% were anxious about attending their dentist. Respondents believed that CF has impacted on their oral health due to the medications and dietary requirements involved, as well as tiredness and other side effects of CF. Reasons for being anxious about attending the dentist included cross infection concerns, issues with the dentist, with tolerating treatment, and with the teeth themselves. Respondents wanted dentists to be aware of the practicalities of dental treatment for people with CF, especially their discomfort with lying back. They also want the dentist to be aware of the impact that their medication, treatment and diet has on their oral health. CONCLUSIONS Over one third of adults with CF reported anxiety about attending the dentist. Reasons for this included fear, embarrassment, cross infection concerns and problems with treatment, especially being in the supine position. Adults with CF want dentists to be aware of the impact that CF can have upon dental treatment and oral health care.
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Ilgin Sisman H, Peker S, Gokdemir Y, Erdem Eralp E, Karadag B, Kargul B. Parent's report on oral health-related quality of life of children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:246-252. [PMID: 36200396 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales are now widely used in children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF) which reflects the course of the disease. In this cross-sectional study, our primary aim was to compare the Pediatric Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (POQL) and Oral Health Score (OHS) between cwCF and healthy group. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the association between Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization, pulmonary function test, OHS and POQL in cwCF. METHODS The study population (age ranging 6-14) included 55 cwCF followed at the Marmara University Division of Pediatric Pulmonology compared with 50 healthy peers. A survey consisted of general questions (age, sex, etc.) and the POQL instrument were filled by parents. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth for both primary (dft) and permanent dentition (DMFT) was detected according to WHO criteria. Data like current body mass index (BMI z score), colonization status with PA, predicted value for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1pp), and any hospitalizations during the previous year were obtained from their medical. Differences between the groups were evaluated using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level set at 0.05. RESULTS There was no significant difference between PA-colonized cwCF and healthy controls in DMFT (p = 0.916). For all domains of POQL (emotional function, social function, role function), scores of cwCF were significantly better than healthy controls (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between all domains of POQL scores in PA colonized and non-PA colonized cwCF' POQL scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Although POQL scores of cwCF were encouraging, dental caries prevention and regular follow-ups should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ilgin Sisman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sertac Peker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gokdemir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Erdem Eralp
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Karadag
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Kargul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Né YGDS, Frazão DR, Lopes GDO, Fagundes NCF, Souza-Rodrigues RD, Paula-Silva FWG, Maia LC, Lima RR. Association between respiratory diseases and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:990421. [PMID: 36590944 PMCID: PMC9800926 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.990421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molar-incisor permineralização (MIH) is a qualitative enamel developing abnormality involving the occlusal and/or incisal third of one or more molars or permanent incisors, caused by systemic factors. Several systemic disorders and environmental factors, such as respiratory diseases, have been reported as probable causes of MIH. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate whether respiratory diseases and MIH are associated. The searches were carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. The acronym PECO was used, in which the P (population) was humans in permanent dentition stage; (E-exposure) molar-incisor hypomineralization; (C-comparison) reference population and (O - outcome) respiratory diseases. After the search retrieval, the duplicates were removed, and the articles were evaluated by title and abstract; then, the papers were read and thoroughly assessed. After selection, the risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the level of evidence. Three thousand six hundred and sixty six were found through the searches. After exclusion by duplicates, title, abstract, and full-reading, 13 articles remained. The articles included in this review evaluated the association of MIH with asthma, tonsilitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Most reports showed a low risk of bias. When exploring through GRADE, a very low level of evidence was found. We observed that the included studies showed that children with MIH had more respiratory diseases than the group that did not have MIH. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/un76d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Gecy de Sousa Né
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, 5528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Renata Duarte Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Ozsin-Ozler C, Duruel O, Pinar A, Özbek B, Yaz İ, Ataman-Duruel ET, Uzamis-Tekcicek M, Gunes-Yalcın E, Dogru-Ersoz D, Kiper N, Tezcan İ, Berker E. Dental caries and associated salivary biomarkers in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2839-2846. [PMID: 36097860 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the caries status of the Cystic fibrosis (CF) children and adolescents with the comparation of some biochemical markers, secretory-immunoglobulin-A (sIgA), and antimicrobial peptides in the saliva. METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the approval Ethics Board was obtained. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from CF and healthy control children (non-CF) patients. Both groups underwent the same dental and periodontal evaluation scheme of the assessment. Human beta defensin (HBD1), human alpha defensin (HNP-1), cathelicidin (LL-37), sIgA in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoassay method. A general biochemical analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc.). RESULTS A total of 21 (9 male, 12 female) CF and 23 (11 male, 12 female) control patients were participated with the mean age of 10.17 ± 3.38 and 9.52 ± 2.15 years, respectively. In control children, DMFT/S (decayed-missing-filled-tooth/surface-in-permanent-dentition), dmft/s (decayed-missing-filled-tooth/surface-in-primary-dentition) values were higher; DT (decayed-tooth in permanent dentition), ft (filled-tooth in primary dentition) and plaque index values were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.042, p = 0.005, p = 0.038, respectively) than CF patients. Bicarbonate was higher in control group; sodium, chloride, and total protein were higher in CF group; magnesium, calcium and phosphate levels were similar in each group (p > 0.05). Alpha and beta defensin-1 levels in control group was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.037 and p = 0.020, respectively), while LL37 and sIgA were not statistically significantly higher (p > 0.05) than CF group. CONCLUSIONS Children with CF had lower caries in permanent teeth, filling in primary teeth, and an altered salivary biomarker profile, especially in HNB1, HNP1. Therefore, it is important to conduct periodic oral-dental controls among CF patients during their childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozsin-Ozler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onurcem Duruel
- Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Pinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Özbek
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yaz
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Meryem Uzamis-Tekcicek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gunes-Yalcın
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dogru-Ersoz
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nural Kiper
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezel Berker
- Department of Periodontology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Brigiano FS, Bazin D, Tielens F. Peculiar opportunities given by XPS spectroscopy for the clinician. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hildebrandt T, Świętochowska E, Trzcionka A, Zawilska A, Mazurek H, Mączkowiak D, Rahnama M, Tanasiewicz M. Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Treatment Needs in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:766. [PMID: 35627903 PMCID: PMC9140777 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal multisystem recessive genetic disease. Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, oral bacteria related to dental and periodontal diseases that can also inhabit the lungs, increases the risk for systemic complications. Our study aimed at assessing oral hygiene status of cystic fibrosis adult patients. The study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with CF and 40 healthy participants. The following indices were included: Simplified Oral Hygiene (OHI-S), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), and a questionnaire. Obtained results proved that the API was 44.63% in the study group, indicating sufficient hygiene, and 37% in the control group, indicating quite good hygiene. Significantly higher OHI-S was found in the study group. It was found based on the analysis of treatment needs that home care and professional instructions on proper oral hygiene were more often needed in the control group compared to CF patients. In conclusion, the obtained API and OHI-S values in adult CF patients were indicative of satisfactory oral hygiene. Periodontal treatment needs assessed based on the CPITN index in patients with CF indicated the need for professional preventive treatments. An interdisciplinary dental care to support oral health could be recommendable in individuals with chronic respiratory diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Hildebrandt
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Agata Trzcionka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna Zawilska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Henryk Mazurek
- Department of Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Ul. Prof. Jana Rudnika 3B, 34-700 Rabka Zdrój, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Mączkowiak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (D.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Dr W. Chodźki 6, 20-930 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Tanasiewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (T.H.); (A.Z.); (D.M.); (M.T.)
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Garot E, Rouas P, Somani C, Taylor GD, Wong F, Lygidakis NA. An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:23-38. [PMID: 34164793 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the aetiological factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). To this day, the aetiology remains unknown. Determining risk factors would allow risk assessment and enhance early diagnosis of MIH in young patients. The aim was to assess, evaluate and summarise the relationship between MIH and reported aetiological hypotheses. METHODS Electronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS and Cochrane Library were conducted. Authors conformed to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were screened, data extracted, assessment of risk of bias and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with heterogeneity calculations were performed. RESULTS Of the potential 8949 studies, 64 studies were included in the qualitative analysis whilst 45 were included in the quantitative analysis. Prenatal factors: results are inconclusive as only unspecified maternal illnesses appear to be linked to MIH. Perinatal factors: prematurity (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.24-1.70; p = 0.0002) and caesarean delivery (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.09, 1.93; p < 0.00001) are associated with an increased risk of developing MIH. Birth complications are also highlighted. These three factors can lead to hypoxia, and children with perinatal hypoxia are more likely to develop MIH (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.09-3.64; p < 0.0001). Postnatal factors: measles, urinary tract infection, otitis media, gastric disorders, bronchitis, kidney diseases, pneumonia and asthma are associated with MIH. Fever and antibiotic use, which may be considered as consequences of childhood illnesses, are also associated with MIH. Genetic factors: an increasing number of studies highlight the genetic and epigenetic influences in the development of MIH. CONCLUSION Several systemic and genetic and/or epigenetic factors acting synergistically or additively are associated with MIH, revealing a multifactorial aetiology model. Peri- and postnatal aetiological factors are more likely to increase the odds of causing MIH than prenatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garot
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR Des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France. .,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. .,Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France.
| | - P Rouas
- Université de Bordeaux, UFR Des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France
| | - C Somani
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - G D Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - N A Lygidakis
- Private Paediatric Dental Clinic, 2 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
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Sabharwal A, Stellrecht E, Scannapieco FA. Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:472. [PMID: 34563194 PMCID: PMC8466895 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate and present evidence from animal and human clinical studies on associations between dental caries and systemic diseases, and to suggest potential mechanisms that might explain such associations. METHODS An electronic search was conducted of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles published from 2010 to 2020 in the English language. From the initial search, 404 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. After excluding studies for technical and study limitations, a total of 67 studies were included in the summary tables and additional studies were included in the review to support evidence. RESULTS Few systemic disease and conditions were found to be clinically meaningfully associated with caries experience. Best evidence from human and animal studies described association between metabolic diseases and dental caries. Several interesting animal studies were noted that could generate clinical hypotheses and further investigations in rodent models for cardiovascular injury and hyperglycemia. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Limited clinical evidence was found connecting several systemic diseases and dental caries. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding of associations between dental caries and systemic diseases play a crucial role in the treatment planning and education of the dental patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Sabharwal
- Division of Periodontics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, DSB 0156A, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Elizabeth Stellrecht
- Health Sciences Library University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Frank A. Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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15
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Marangoni-Lopes L, Rovai-Pavan G, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-dos-Santos M. Susceptibility of gamma-irradiated primary teeth to a cariogenic challenge: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:667-672. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3947-3959. [PMID: 32236723 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caries preventive effect of nanocomplexed solutions of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin associated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after different complexation times (12 or 72 h). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly distributed in 9 groups (n = 11): negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, TiF4, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (positive control). The solutions were applied for 1 min and the blocks were exposed to a biofilm model. Nanocompounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SML), mineral density changes (ΔZ), lesion depth, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy-SEM), and chemical characterization (energy-dispersive spectroscopy-EDS) were assessed. RESULTS No oxidation was observed, and the formation of the nanocomplexes was evidenced by changes in the melting point compared to pure cyclodextrins and the loss of crystallinity of the materials. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h resulted in lower %SML than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and TiF4 (p < 0.05). NaF differed from all groups (p < 0.05), except for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h (p = 0.83). ΔZ of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h was higher than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 1 2 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (p < 0.05) and similar to TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h (p > 0.05). SEM/EDS detected Ti in the blocks subjected to TiF4-products. CONCLUSION The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h solution showed caries preventive effect on the surface and subsurface of the enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanosystem, in association with TiF4 after 72 h of complexation, may be a promising agent for the prevention of enamel demineralization.
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17
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Lamba GS, Dufour D, Nainar SMH, Cioffi I, Lévesque CM, Gong SG. Association of Streptococcus mutans collagen binding genes with severe childhood caries. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3467-3475. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Batura-Gabryel H. Salivary Biomarkers and Oral Microbial Load in Relation to the Dental Status of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E692. [PMID: 31847106 PMCID: PMC6955745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) can modify the physical and chemical properties of saliva, which in turn can affect the oral microflora and oral health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the study was to examine oral health status, salivary properties, and total oral bacteria count in CF adults. Dental status was assessed using the decayed missing filled surfaces (DMF-S) index, and oral clearness using the approximal plaque index (API). The Saliva-Check BUFFER test was used to assess saliva, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to determine the total oral bacteria count. CF patients in comparison to healthy controls showed a higher level of examined clinical indices, higher total oral bacteria count, lower salivary flow rate, lower salivary pH, and increased viscosity. Conclusions: In CF patients, saliva properties, accompanied by insufficient dental care, might be an essential dental caries risk factor. In CF patients, among the etiological factors for dental caries, the bacterial agent seems to be less significant. The frequent and long-term infectious pharmacotherapy can probably explain that. A great deal of the information collected on the oral environment in CF patients, which has helped us understand the etiological conditions for inflammation and infection in this area of the body, indicates that proper dental care can mostly counteract these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznań, Poland;
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19
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Passarelli Mantovani R, Sandri A, Boaretti M, Grilli A, Volpi S, Melotti P, Burlacchini G, Lleò MM, Signoretto C. Toothbrushes may convey bacteria to the cystic fibrosis lower airways. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1647036. [PMID: 31489126 PMCID: PMC6713191 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1647036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the oral cavity acts as a bacterial reservoir and might contribute to the transmission of bacteria to the lower airways. Control of a potentially pathogenic microbiota might contribute to prevent the establishment of chronic infection in cystic fibrosis. We evaluated the presence of CF microorganisms in saliva and toothbrushes of CF patients and verify their possible transmission to lower airways. Methods: We assessed the presence of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. maltophilia, A. xylosoxidans, S. marcescens, and yeasts in saliva, toothbrushes and sputum of 38 CF patients and assessed the clonal identity of the strains occurring contemporary in multiple sites by PFGE. Results: At least one of the investigated species was isolated from 60 saliva samples and 23 toothbrushes. S. aureus was the most abundant species, followed by Candida spp. 31 patients contemporary had the same species in sputum and saliva/toothbrush: in most cases, clonal identity of the strains among the different sites was confirmed. Conclusion: Toothbrushes may be sources of oral contamination and might act as reservoirs favoring transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms from the environment to the oral cavity and eventually to the LAW. Oral hygiene and toothbrush care are important strategies to prevent CF lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Sandri
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Boaretti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Grilli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sonia Volpi
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Burlacchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria M Lleò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Abu-Zahra R, Antos NJ, Kump T, Angelopoulou MV. Oral health of cystic fibrosis patients at a north american center: A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e379-e384. [PMID: 31011138 PMCID: PMC6530948 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to describe the oral health status of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) children in a US facility. Material and Methods Twenty CF children ages 6-18 were recruited from Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Pulmonary Clinic. Parents completed a health questionnaire. Clinical examinations checked dental caries using the dmft/DMFT index, dental hygiene using the Simplified Greene-Vermillion Index (DI-S), gingival inflammation using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, and enamel defects using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. Results The majority (90%) brush twice a day, 65% consume sugary snacks, and 70% visit the dentist every 6 months. Clinically, they presented DMFT 0.25 and dmft 0.90, fair oral hygiene with DI-S 1.02, 75% had mild gingivitis and 50% had enamel defects. The more antibiotics they took, significantly more frequent (p=0.007) and more severe (p=0.017) enamel defects were noted. Similar trend was found between the number of surgeries and the presence of enamel defects (p=0.076) and dental caries (p=0.028). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, CF patients were found to be at oral health risk due to the high prevalence of dental enamel defects. Oral health for CF children should be part of the multidisciplinary care. Key words:Cystic fibrosis, oral health, teeth, United States.
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21
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Dental and periodontal manifestations in patients with cystic fibrosis - A systematic review. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:762-771. [PMID: 30473190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is an important reservoir of microorganisms and can be a potential source of infection of the respiratory tract in CF patients. The literature on the oral health does not explicitly determine dental problems in these patients. The aim of the study was to systematically review the studies relating to oral status in CF patients. METHODS A systematic review of papers published from 1997 to 2018 regarding oral status in CF children and adults, carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. RESULTS The search resulted in 143 studies. Thirteen publications were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS
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Pate ML, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Beltrán-Aroca CM, Pérez-Vicente C, Lozano-Molina M, Girela-López E. Use of XRD and SEM/EDX to predict age and sex from fire-affected dental remains. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:432-441. [PMID: 30229429 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In fire scenarios, the application and accuracy of traditional odontological methods are often limited. Crystalline studies and elemental profiling have been evaluated for their applicability in determining biological profiles (age and sex) from human dentition, particularly fire- and heat-affected dental remains. Thirty-seven teeth were paired according to tooth type and donor age/sex for the analysis of crown and root surfaces pre- and post-incineration using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX). In unburned crowns, carbon (C) content showed a positive correlation with age, whereas phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) contents showed a negative correlation with age. In unburned roots, C, P and Ca contents also showed significant changes that were opposite of those observed in the crowns. In relation to sex, females exhibited a higher C ratio than males, whereas males showed significantly higher levels of oxygen (O), P and Ca in unburned roots. Incineration resulted in an increase in the crystallite size that correlated with increasing temperature. No differences in hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallite size were found between age groups; however, unburned teeth from females exhibited a larger crystallite size than did those from males. The challenges of using XRD with a 3D sample were overcome to allow analysis of whole teeth in a nondestructive manner. Further studies may be useful in helping predict the temperature of a fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Pate
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Paz Aguilar-Caballos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina M Beltrán-Aroca
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Vicente
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14006, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Eloy Girela-López
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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Enamel Microcracks Induced by Simulated Occlusal Wear in Mature, Immature, and Deciduous Teeth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5658393. [PMID: 29850534 PMCID: PMC5926526 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5658393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enamel wear, which is inevitable due to the process of mastication, is a process in which the microcracking of enamel occurs due to the surface contacting very small hard particles. When these particles slide on enamel, a combined process of microcutting and microcracking in the surface and subsurface of the enamel takes place. The aim of this study was to detect microscopic differences in the microcrack behavior by subjecting enamel specimens derived from different age groups (immature open-apex premolars, mature closed-apex premolars, and deciduous molars) to cycles of simulated impact and sliding wear testing under controlled conditions. Our findings indicated that the characteristics of the microcracks, including the length, depth, count, orientation, and relation to microstructures differed among the study groups. The differences between the surface and subsurface microcrack characteristics were most notable in the enamel of deciduous molars followed by immature premolars and mature premolars whereby deciduous enamel suffered numerous, extensive, and branched microcracks. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that enamel surface and subsurface microcracks characteristics are dependent on the posteruptive age with deciduous enamel being the least resistant to wear based on the microcrack behavior as compared to permanent enamel.
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Lacruz RS, Habelitz S, Wright JT, Paine ML. DENTAL ENAMEL FORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:939-993. [PMID: 28468833 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth's epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael L Paine
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Alkhateeb AA, Mancl LA, Presland RB, Rothen ML, Chi DL. Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity. Caries Res 2016; 51:1-6. [PMID: 27846621 PMCID: PMC5337435 DOI: 10.1159/000450658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Alkhateeb
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
| | - Lloyd A. Mancl
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
| | - Richard B. Presland
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
| | - Marilynn L. Rothen
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
| | - Donald L. Chi
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A
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26
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Dessombz A, Lignon G, Picaut L, Rouzière S, Berdal A. Mineral studies in enamel, an exemplary model system at the interface between physics, chemistry and medical sciences. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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