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Agbaria N, Finkelstein A, Zwas DR, Daoud N. Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Reducing Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in the Home: A Qualitative Study With Palestinian-Arab Women in Israel. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntad257. [PMID: 38217542 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is a collective and complex problem in the Palestinian-Arab community in Israel, where women and children are particularly vulnerable to exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), especially in the home. AIMS AND METHODS We undertook this study to better understand women's experiences with SHS exposure in the home and to identify pathways for intervention. Using the grounded theory approach, seven focus groups were conducted with 66 women in different localities across Israel. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to recruit women who have currently or previously been exposed to smoking in the home. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were then coded and analyzed using the constant comparison analysis method to identify emergent themes and subthemes. RESULTS Three core themes emerged from the discussions. These include women's perceptions of smoking among men and exposure to SHS in the home, the implications of smoking on spousal and social relationships, and the women's experiences in coping with this situation and their suggestions for interventions. We identified additional sub-themes, including the consequences to women's and children's health, as well as the complex interaction between smoking in the home and women's social position, agency, and home ownership. CONCLUSIONS Women exposed to SHS in the home experience consequences that affect their health and their spousal and social relationships. They also face several personal and societal challenges in tackling this issue. Culturally tailored interventions targeting both communities and households can raise awareness and impact smoking behaviors in the home. IMPLICATIONS The findings of this study demonstrate the far-reaching consequences of SHS exposure in the home among women who are exposed. The findings contribute to our understanding of smoking contingencies among men and smoking behaviors in the home. This study lays the groundwork for future community and household-based research and interventions. We suggest several critical junctures that may increase response to smoking cessation interventions and to reduce smoking in the home, such as at the time of marriage when the home policy is set, and the adverse effects of exposure on children and other family members, especially those with illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Agbaria
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Division of Cardiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adi Finkelstein
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Division of Cardiology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nihaya Daoud
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Lee ARS, Rodriquez EJ, Gallo LC, Giachello AL, Isasi CR, Perreira KM, Daviglus ML, Kaplan RC, Talavera GA, Pérez-Stable EJ, Oren E. Acculturation level and change in cigarette consumption behaviors among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 84:33-40. [PMID: 37164291 PMCID: PMC11027575 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study associations between language acculturation level and changes in cigarette consumption among the diverse and growing U.S.-based Hispanic/Latino population and inform culturally tailored smoking prevention and cessation strategies. METHODS In the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos cohort, we used cigarette consumption behaviors at baseline (2008-2011) and follow-up (2014-2017) and a modified Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH) language subscale to measure associations of language acculturation (unidimensional) with changes in cigarette consumption and quitting rates. Weighted multivariable linear and logistic regressions were stratified by daily (n = 1397) and nondaily (n = 633) smoking, and either sex, educational attainment, or migration status. RESULTS Smokers at baseline (n = 2030) on average were aged 42 years old (SE = 0.5) with a mean SASH-language score of 2.3 (SE = 0.1; range = 1-5), indicating more Spanish language use. Among male daily smokers, we observed increases in smoked cigarettes-per-day (CPD) with unit increases in SASH-language score (1.08, 95% CI: 0.24-1.92). Associations with acculturation trended toward greater increases in CPD and lower odds of quitting as educational attainment increased. CONCLUSIONS Language acculturation level is an important determinant for increased smoking behaviors, particularly among men. Our findings are significant in informing smoking reduction programs for the Hispanic/Latino population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R S Lee
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093.
| | - Erik J Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Room 9D58, Bethesda, MD
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 W. Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 10 Center Drive, Room 9D58, Bethesda, MD; Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eyal Oren
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182
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Bolijn R, Muilwijk M, Nicolaou M, Galenkamp H, Stronks K, Tan HL, Kunst AE, van Valkengoed IG. The contribution of smoking to differences in cardiovascular disease incidence between men and women across six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: The HELIUS study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 31:102105. [PMID: 36820382 PMCID: PMC9938300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear to what extent differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between men and women are explained by differences in smoking, and whether this contribution to risk is consistent across ethnic groups. In this prospective study, we determined the contribution of smoking to differences in CVD incidence between men and women, also in various ethnic groups. We linked baseline data of 18,058 participants of six ethnic groups from the HELIUS study (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) to CVD incidence data, based on hospital admission and death records from Statistics Netherlands (2013-2019). The contribution of smoking to CVD incidence, as estimated by the population attributable fraction, was higher in men than in women, overall (24.1% versus 15.6%) and across most ethnic groups. Among Dutch participants, however, the contribution of smoking was higher among women (21.0%) than men (16.2%). Using Cox regression analyses, we observed that differences in smoking prevalence explained 22.0% of the overall lower hazard for CVD in women compared to men. Smoking contributed minimally to the lower hazards for CVD in women among participants of Dutch (0%), Ghanaian (4.9%) and Moroccan origin (0%), but explained 28.6% and 48.6% of the lower hazards in women in South-Asian Surinamese and African Surinamese groups, respectively. While smoking prevention and cessation may lead to lower CVD incidence in most groups of men and women, it may not substantially reduce disparities in CVD risk between men and women in most ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Bolijn
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L. Tan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E. Kunst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene G.M. van Valkengoed
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boozary LK, Frank-Pearce SG, Alexander AC, Sifat MS, Kurien J, Waring JJ, Ehlke SJ, Businelle MS, Ahluwalia JS, Kendzor DE. Tobacco use characteristics, treatment preferences, and motivation to quit among adults accessing a day shelter in Oklahoma City. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 5:100117. [PMID: 36844157 PMCID: PMC9949321 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Smoking rates are exceptionally high among adults experiencing homelessness (AEH). Research is needed to inform treatment approaches in this population. Methods Participants (n=404) were adults who accessed an urban day shelter and reported current smoking. Participants completed surveys regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco and substance use, mental health, motivation to quit smoking (MTQS), and smoking cessation treatment preferences. Participant characteristics were described and compared by MTQS. Results Participants who reported current smoking (N=404) were primarily male (74.8%); White (41.4%), Black (27.8%), or American Indian/Alaska Native (14.1%) race; and 10.7% Hispanic. Participants reported a mean age of 45.6 (SD=11.2) years, and they smoked an average of 12.6 (SD=9.4) cigarettes per day. Most participants reported moderate or high MTQS (57%) and were interested in receiving free cessation treatment (51%). Participants most frequently selected the following options as among the top 3 treatments that offered the best chance of quitting: Nicotine replacement therapy (25%), money/gift cards for quitting (17%), prescription medications (17%), and switching to e-cigarettes (16%). Craving (55%), stress/mood (40%), habit (39%), and being around other smokers (36%) were frequently identified as the most challenging aspects of quitting. Low MTQS was associated with White race, lack of religious participation, lack of health insurance, lower income, greater cigarettes smoked per day, and higher expired carbon monoxide. Higher MTQS was associated with sleeping unsheltered, cell phone ownership, higher health literacy, more years of smoking, and interest in free treatment. Discussion Multi-level, multi-component interventions are needed to address tobacco disparities among AEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laili Kharazi Boozary
- Department of Psychology, Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 73019
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Summer G. Frank-Pearce
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Adam C. Alexander
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Munjireen S. Sifat
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jasmin Kurien
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Joseph J.C. Waring
- Bloomberg School of Public of Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah J. Ehlke
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael S. Businelle
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
- School of Public Health, Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Darla E. Kendzor
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Han B, Volkow ND, Blanco C, Tipperman D, Einstein EB, Compton WM. Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among US Adults With Major Depression or Substance Use Disorders, 2006-2019. JAMA 2022; 327:1566-1576. [PMID: 35471512 PMCID: PMC9044114 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tobacco use is highly concentrated in persons with mental illness. OBJECTIVES To assess trends in past-month prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults with vs without past-year depression, substance use disorders (SUDs), or both, using nationally representative data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Exploratory, serial, cross-sectional study based on data from 558 960 individuals aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2006-2019 US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. EXPOSURE Past-year major depressive episode (MDE) and SUD using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Past-month self-reported cigarette use, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Of the sampled 558 960 adults, 41.4% (unweighted) were aged 18 to 25 years, 29.8% (unweighted) were aged 26 to 49 years, and 53.4% (unweighted) were women. From 2006 to 2019, the past-month self-reported cigarette smoking prevalence declined significantly among adults with MDE from 37.3% to 24.2% for an average annual percent change of -3.2 (95% CI, -3.5 to -2.8; P < .001), adults with SUD from 46.5% to 35.8% for an average annual percent change of -1.7 (95% CI, -2.8 to -0.6; P = .002), and adults with co-occurring MDE and SUD from 50.7% to 37.0% for an annual average annual percent change of -2.1 (95% CI, -3.1 to -1.2; P < .001). The prevalence declined significantly for each examined age, sex, and racial and ethnic subgroup with MDE and with SUD (all P < .05), except for no significant changes in American Indian or Alaska Native adults with MDE (P = .98) or with SUD (P = .46). Differences in prevalence of cigarette smoking between adults with vs without MDE declined significantly for adults overall from 11.5% to 6.6%, for an average annual percent change of -3.4 (95% CI, -4.1 to -2.7; P < .001); significant average annual percent change declines were also seen for men (-5.1 [95% CI, -7.2 to -2.9]; P < .001); for women (-2.7 [95% CI, -3.9 to -1.5]; P < .001); for those aged 18 through 25 years (-5.2 [95% CI, -7.6 to -2.8]; P < .001); for those aged 50 years or older (-4.7 [95% CI, -8.0 to -1.2]; P = .01); for Hispanic individuals (-4.4 [95% CI, -8.0 to -0.5]; P = .03), and for White individuals (-3.6 [95% CI, -4.5 to -2.7]; P < .001). For American Indian or Alaska Native adults, prevalence did not significantly differ between those with vs without MDE during 2006-2012 but was significantly higher for those with MDE during 2013-2019 (difference, 11.3%; 95% CI, 0.9 to 21.7; P = .04). Differences among those with vs without SUD declined for women for an average annual percent change of -1.8 (95% CI, -2.8 to -0.9; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this exploratory, serial, cross-sectional study, there were significant reductions in the prevalence of self-reported cigarette smoking among US adults with major depressive episode, substance use disorder, or both, between 2006 and 2019. However, continued efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Han
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas Tipperman
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emily B. Einstein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wilson M. Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Health Disparities Across Lung Cancer Continuum Among Asian Americans: A Systematic Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:526-545. [PMID: 34156594 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize lung cancer associated health disparities across the cancer continuum among Asian Americans. A systematic review design with the narrative method was used for conducting this study. Electronic literature databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, were searched. After applying filter information, inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 20 articles were included in the review. Findings related to lung cancer prevention, screening, incidence rates, diagnosis, treatment, survival rates, and mortality rates among Asian Americans were synthesized. Results showed the prevalence of smoking quit attempts in the past year was high among Asian Americans, although the prevalence of receiving advice to quit and using counseling and/or medication services was low among this population. Also, the smoking cessation rate among Asian Americans was the second lowest among all racial groups, although the abstinence rate was highest among this population. Compared with other races, Asian Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with lung cancer at a distant stage of disease, and they tend to be less likely to undergo surgery than other races in the United States. The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer were low among Asian Americans compared with other races in the United States, while the survival rate of lung cancer was high among this population. Further research focusing on lung cancer associated health disparities in specific Asian American ethnic groups should be conducted. Culturally relevant programs that tackle cultural and genetic factors related to lung cancer risk as well as early screening, diagnosis and treatment in this vulnerable population are also necessary.
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Rivera MP, Katki HA, Tanner NT, Triplette M, Sakoda LC, Wiener RS, Cardarelli R, Carter-Harris L, Crothers K, Fathi JT, Ford ME, Smith R, Winn RA, Wisnivesky JP, Henderson LM, Aldrich MC. Addressing Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Healthcare Access. An Official American Thoracic Society Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:e95-e112. [PMID: 33000953 PMCID: PMC7528802 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3053st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are well-documented disparities in lung cancer outcomes across populations. Lung cancer screening (LCS) has the potential to reduce lung cancer mortality, but for this benefit to be realized by all high-risk groups, there must be careful attention to ensuring equitable access to this lifesaving preventive health measure.Objectives: To outline current knowledge on disparities in eligibility criteria for, access to, and implementation of LCS, and to develop an official American Thoracic Society statement to propose strategies to optimize current screening guidelines and resource allocation for equitable LCS implementation and dissemination.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel with expertise in LCS, implementation science, primary care, pulmonology, health behavior, smoking cessation, epidemiology, and disparities research was convened. Participants reviewed available literature on historical disparities in cancer screening and emerging evidence of disparities in LCS.Results: Existing LCS guidelines do not consider racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and sex-based differences in smoking behaviors or lung cancer risk. Multiple barriers, including access to screening and cost, further contribute to the inequities in implementation and dissemination of LCS.Conclusions: This statement identifies the impact of LCS eligibility criteria on vulnerable populations who are at increased risk of lung cancer but do not meet eligibility criteria for screening, as well as multiple barriers that contribute to disparities in LCS implementation. Strategies to improve the selection and dissemination of LCS in vulnerable groups are described.
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Katigbak C, Maglalang DD, Chao YY, Au H, Liang W, Zuo S. Cultural Perspectives on Tobacco Use and Cessation Among Chinese American Immigrants: A Community-Engaged Qualitative Study. J Transcult Nurs 2018; 30:350-358. [PMID: 30556472 DOI: 10.1177/1043659618817583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a preventable cause of death among ethnic minorities. Chinese Americans have high smoking rates and underutilize evidence-based cessation therapies. Community members' perspectives on tobacco use and cessation may help bridge treatment gaps and ensure that cessation approaches are aligned with cultural values. METHODS Focus group methods were used to explore cultural factors influencing tobacco use and cessation among 50 Chinese immigrants. Emerging themes were identified using thematic analysis. RESULTS The three emerging themes are (a) tobacco use is influenced by Chinese American immigrants' socioecological environment, (b) self-discipline determines the ability to quit, and (c) complex family dynamics influence quitting. DISCUSSION Cessation approaches framed within cultural perspectives may help bridge treatment gaps. Innovations such as leveraging soft technologies that are widely used in the community may extend the reach of health promotion campaigns and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Yu Chao
- 2 Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Helen Au
- 1 Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Sai Zuo
- 3 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association of New England, Boston, MA, USA
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Weinberger AH, Platt JM, Smith PH, Goodwin RD. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-reported Withdrawal Symptoms and Quitting Smoking Three Years Later: A Prospective, Longitudinal Examination of US Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:373-378. [PMID: 27613908 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Racial/ethnic groups appear to differ on quit success and withdrawal is a key factor in cessation failure, yet little is known about racial/ethnic differences in withdrawal symptoms. This study of US adults examined racial/ethnic differences in current smokers' report of withdrawal symptoms and the relationship between withdrawal symptoms and quitting smoking 3 years later. Methods Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 1, 2001-2001; Wave 2, 2004-2005), analyses were conducted on participants who identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic; reported current cigarette smoking at Wave 1; and provided smoking status information at Wave 2 (n = 7981). Withdrawal symptoms during past quit attempts were assessed at Wave 1. Results Among Wave 1 current smoking adults, non-Hispanic White respondents were more likely than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents to report experiencing at least one withdrawal symptom, seven out of eight withdrawal symptoms, withdrawal-related discomfort, and withdrawal-related distress (ps < .0001). While withdrawal symptoms were associated with a lower odds of quitting smoking for all groups, a stronger relationship between number of symptoms and lower odds of quitting was evident among non-Hispanic White compared to non-Hispanic Black respondents (interaction β = 0.065, p = .0001). For non-Hispanic White participants, each additional withdrawal symptom was associated with a 6% decrease in the odds of quitting. Conclusions Withdrawal symptoms were more commonly reported by non-Hispanic White adults than non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults and appeared to have a greater impact on failure to quit smoking for non-Hispanic White compared to non-Hispanic Black adults. Implications To our knowledge, this is the first study to use prospective, longitudinal data to examine the relationship between race and withdrawal symptoms and the impact of withdrawal symptoms on quitting smoking among adults in the United States. Non-Hispanic White adults were more likely to report withdrawal symptoms and there was a stronger relationship between greater number of withdrawal symptoms and lower odds of quitting for non-Hispanic White adults compared to non-Hispanic Black adults. Developing a better understanding of racial/ethnic differences in withdrawal and cessation can help to tailor efforts to improve outcomes for smokers in various racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jonathan M Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY
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Svyryd Y, Ramírez-Venegas A, Sánchez-Hernández B, Aguayo-Gómez A, Luna-Muñoz L, Arteaga-Vázquez J, Regalado-Pineda J, Mutchinick OM. Genetic Risk Determinants for Cigarette Smoking Dependence in Mexican Mestizo Families. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:620-5. [PMID: 26416825 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. Despite antitobacco and smoke-free policies, the prevalence of active smokers in Mexican urban populations has remained stable. Mexican smokers differ from Caucasian and other ethnic groups, probably due to sociocultural and genetic background characteristics. This study explored the effect of known genetic variants on smoking behavior in Mexico City residents. METHODS Three hundred sixty-four Mexican Mestizo Mexico City residents from 87 families with at least one smoker were assessed for association of 12 gene variants of six candidate genes (CHRNA4, CHRNB2, DRD2, ANKK1, SLC6A3, and CYP2A6) with cigarette consumption, age of initiation and smoking duration. The Family Based Association Test, an extension of the Transmission Disequilibrium Test, was used to perform family-based association analysis. RESULTS The Family Based Association Test showed statistically significant association between the rs2072658 polymorphism of the CHRNB2 gene and smoking-related phenotypes such as: smoking status (SS), age of onset (AO), years of smoking, and psychological dependence (PD) evaluated by the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavior Questionnaire. After Bonferroni correction, only the association with AO remained significant (P = .003). Statistically significant association was also observed for the CYP2A6 rs28399433 T allele with SS (P = .003) and PD (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate effects of the rs2072658 CHRNB2 and rs28399433 CYP2A6 gene variants on AO, SS and PD in Mexican Mestizo smokers. A mild effect of other analyzed gene variants, which may contribute to a putative polygenic predisposition for smoking, is suggested. IMPLICATIONS The understanding of genetic and environmental determinants in the Mexican population is important for other Latin American populations as well, living in their own countries or moving to other ones, particular due to the current migration characteristics and particular genetic background like the Mexican Mestizo and other Central American populations with similar characteristics and migrating to neighbor developed countries, introducing their own smoking behavior and contributing importantly to the genetic pool of the receptor country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Svyryd
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Department of Smoking Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, México, D.F., México
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Hernández
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México
| | - Adolfo Aguayo-Gómez
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México
| | - Leonora Luna-Muñoz
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México
| | - Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México
| | | | - Osvaldo M Mutchinick
- Departament of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", México, D.F., México;
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