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Park S, Ha J, Ahn W, Kim L. Measurement of craving among gamers with internet gaming disorder using repeated presentations of game videos: a resting-state electroencephalography study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:816. [PMID: 37143023 PMCID: PMC10158347 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is receiving increasing attention owing to its effects on daily living and psychological function. METHODS In this study, electroencephalography was used to compare neural activity triggered by repeated presentation of a stimulus in healthy controls (HCs) and those with IGD. A total of 42 adult men were categorized into two groups (IGD, n = 21) based on Y-IAT-K scores. Participants were required to watch repeated presentations of video games while wearing a head-mounted display, and the delta (D), theta (T), alpha (A), beta (B), and gamma (G) activities in the prefrontal (PF), central (C), and parieto-occipital (PO) regions were analyzed. RESULTS The IGD group exhibited higher absolute powers of DC, DPO, TC, TPO, BC, and BPO than HCs. Among the IGD classification models, a neural network achieves the highest average accuracy of 93% (5-fold cross validation) and 84% (test). CONCLUSIONS These findings may significantly contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the neurological features associated with IGD and provide potential neurological markers that can be used to distinguish between individuals with IGD and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangin Park
- Industry-Academy Cooperation Team, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Ha
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Wonbin Ahn
- Applied AI Research Lab, LG AI Research, 128, Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07796, South Korea
| | - Laehyun Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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2
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Examining the DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder Criteria in Filipino Gamers: a Factor- and Person-Centered Approach. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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Demetrovics Z, van den Brink W, Paksi B, Horváth Z, Maraz A. Relating Compulsivity and Impulsivity With Severity of Behavioral Addictions: A Dynamic Interpretation of Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Findings. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:831992. [PMID: 35782446 PMCID: PMC9248365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Impulsivity and compulsivity are two key temperament traits involved in behavior regulation. The aim of this study was to test several existing theories in explaining the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in symptom severity in various behavioral addictions. METHODS Data were collected from a (representative) general population sample (N = 2,710, mean age:39.8 years (SD:13.6), 51% woman), and from people who are at increased risk of having a behavioral addiction (N = 9,528 in total, mean age: 28.11 (SD:8.3), 34.3% woman), including people with problematic gaming and internet use, pathological gambling, exercise dependence, compulsive buying and work addiction. Symptom severity, reward driven impulsivity and relief driven compulsivity were assessed. RESULTS For non-problematic groups, impulsivity is present to about the same extent as compulsivity, whereas for problematic groups, compulsivity dominates over impulsivity in all groups (except for gambling). The strength of the correlation between impulsivity and compulsivity is higher in more severe forms of the disorders (from r = 0.18 to r = 0.59 in the representative population). DISCUSSION Based on these data, it appears that relief-driven behavior (negative reinforcement) dominates over reward-driven behavior (positive reinforcement) in more severe cases of a behavioral addiction. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale study to find empirical support for the neuroscientific theory on the dominance of compulsivity ("needing") over impulsivity ("wanting") in more severe cases of a behavioral addiction. Although longitudinal research is needed, a possible shift from impulsivity to compulsivity takes place, similar to substance use addictions, which maintains the circle of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute of Addiction Research (AIAR), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Maraz
- Institut Für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Castro-Calvo J, Billieux J, Valero-Solís S, Mora-Maltas B, Rivas-Pérez S, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Baenas I, Mena-Moreno T, Casalé-Salayet G, Codina E, González-Bueso V, Santamaría JJ, Baño M, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Subtyping treatment-seeking gaming disorder patients. Addict Behav 2021; 123:107086. [PMID: 34450349 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gaming Disorder (GD) is characterized by a pattern of persistent and uncontrolled gaming behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. The evolution of the worldwide incidence of this disorder warrants further studies focused on examining the existence of different subtypes within clinical samples, in order to tailor treatment. This study explored the existence of different profiles of patients seeking treatment for GD through a data-driven approach. METHODS The sample included n = 107 patients receiving treatment for GD (92% men and 8% women) ranging between 14 and 60 years old (mean age = 24.1, SD = 10). A two-step clustering analysis approach explored the existence of different underlying GD profiles based on a broad set of indicators, including sociodemographic features, clinical course of the condition (e.g., onset or evolution), psychopathological symptoms, and personality traits. RESULTS Two GD profiles emerged. The first cluster grouped together patients who presented with a lower psychological impact (n = 72, 66.1%), whereas the second cluster comprised patients with a higher psychological impact (n = 35, 32.7%). Cluster comparisons revealed that those patients presenting the higher impact were older, with a later onset of pathological gaming patterns, and more pronounced psychopathological symptoms and dysfunctional personality profiles. CONCLUSIONS GD severity is influenced by specific demographic, clinical, and psychopathological factors. The identification of two separate profiles provides empirical evidence that contributes to the conceptualization of this disorder, as well as to the development of reliable and valid screening tools and effective intervention plans focused on the precise characteristics of the treatment-seeking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Susana Valero-Solís
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Sandra Rivas-Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | | | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Gemma Casalé-Salayet
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Ester Codina
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Vega González-Bueso
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Jose Santamaría
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Baño
- Atención e Investigación en Socioadicciones (AIS), Mental Health and Addictions Network, Generalitat de Catalunya (XHUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSam), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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5
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Castro‐Calvo J, King DL, Stein DJ, Brand M, Carmi L, Chamberlain SR, Demetrovics Z, Fineberg NA, Rumpf H, Yücel M, Achab S, Ambekar A, Bahar N, Blaszczynski A, Bowden‐Jones H, Carbonell X, Chan EML, Ko C, de Timary P, Dufour M, Grall‐Bronnec M, Lee HK, Higuchi S, Jimenez‐Murcia S, Király O, Kuss DJ, Long J, Müller A, Pallanti S, Potenza MN, Rahimi‐Movaghar A, Saunders JB, Schimmenti A, Lee S, Siste K, Spritzer DT, Starcevic V, Weinstein AM, Wölfling K, Billieux J. Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: an international Delphi study. Addiction 2021; 116:2463-2475. [PMID: 33449441 PMCID: PMC8451754 DOI: 10.1111/add.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following the recognition of 'internet gaming disorder' (IGD) as a condition requiring further study by the DSM-5, 'gaming disorder' (GD) was officially included as a diagnostic entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the proposed diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder remain the subject of debate, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate the views of different groups of experts. To achieve a more systematic agreement on this new disorder, this study employed the Delphi expert consensus method to obtain expert agreement on the diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value of the DSM-5 criteria and ICD-11 clinical guidelines for GD. METHODS A total of 29 international experts with clinical and/or research experience in GD completed three iterative rounds of a Delphi survey. Experts rated proposed criteria in progressive rounds until a pre-determined level of agreement was achieved. RESULTS For DSM-5 IGD criteria, there was an agreement both that a subset had high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value and that some (e.g. tolerance, deception) had low diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value. Crucially, some DSM-5 criteria (e.g. escapism/mood regulation, tolerance) were regarded as incapable of distinguishing between problematic and non-problematic gaming. In contrast, ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for GD (except for the criterion relating to diminished non-gaming interests) were judged as presenting high diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS This Delphi survey provides a foundation for identifying the most diagnostically valid and clinically useful criteria for GD. There was expert agreement that some DSM-5 criteria were not clinically relevant and may pathologize non-problematic patterns of gaming, whereas ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines are likely to diagnose GD adequately and avoid pathologizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro‐Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological TreatmentsUniversity of ValenciaSpain
| | - Daniel L. King
- College of Education, Psychology, and Social WorkFlinders UniversityAustralia
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR)University Duisburg‐EssenGermany
| | - Lior Carmi
- The Data Science InstituteInter‐disciplinary CenterHerzliyaIsrael
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK,Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation TrustWelwyn Garden CityUK,University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Rumpf
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and Monash Biomedical Imaging FacilityMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sophia Achab
- Specialized Facility In Behavioral Addictions, ReConnecte, Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenervaSwitzerland,Faculty of MedicineGeneva UniversityGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment CentreAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of HealthMalaysia
| | - Alexander Blaszczynski
- Faculty of Science, Brain and Mind Centre, School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Xavier Carbonell
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences BlanquernaRamon Llull UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elda Mei Lo Chan
- St John's Cathedral Counselling Service, and Division on AddictionHong Kong
| | - Chih‐Hung Ko
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung CityTaiwan
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult PsychiatryInstitute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain and Cliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Marie Grall‐Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Department of Addictology and PsychiatryNantesFrance,Universités de Nantes et Tours, UMR 1246NantesFrance
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital OrganizationKurihama Medical and Addiction CenterJapan
| | - Susana Jimenez‐Murcia
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of PsychologyELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainLouvainBelgium
| | - Astrid Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyHannover Medical SchoolHanoverGermany
| | | | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study CenterYale School of Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health CenterNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction StudiesTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - John B. Saunders
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse ResearchUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Seung‐Yup Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eunpyeong St Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kristiana Siste
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia,Cipto Mangunkusumo HospitalJakartaIndonesia
| | - Daniel T. Spritzer
- Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesFederal University of Rio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | | | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐University MainzGermany
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland,Health and Behaviour InstituteUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
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6
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Turhan Gürbüz P, Çoban ÖG, Erdoğan A, Kopuz HY, Adanir AS, Önder A. Evaluation of Internet Gaming Disorder, Social Media Addiction, and Levels of Loneliness in Adolescents and Youth with Substance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1874-1879. [PMID: 34328053 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1958856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and addictive disorders are among the most significant public health concerns, particularly during adolescence. The current study aims to investigate internet gaming disorder, social media addiction, and loneliness levels in adolescents and youths with substance use. Methods: The study group consisted of 93 adolescents and youths aged 15-24 who presented to the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Research and Application Center or the Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinic for substance use. Ninety-one healthy volunteers who did not use substances during any period of their lives participated as a control group. The participants fulfilled the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test - Extended (DUDIT-E). Results: The symptoms of internet gaming disorder were significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group. Although it was not significant, social media addiction was higher in the patient group than in the control group. The experience of loneliness was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. A significant negative correlation was found between treatment motivation and loneliness. Conclusions: School guidance teachers should monitor children who do not have friends or are lonely and be aware of the potential for substance use because it can emerge as a method of coping with the feeling of loneliness among adolescents. In future studies, investigating comprehensive factors contributing to different addictive behaviors may help to clarify the co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Turhan Gürbüz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özge Gizli Çoban
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğan
- Department of Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yazici Kopuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sürer Adanir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Arif Önder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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7
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Blinka L, Šablatúrová N, Ševčíková A, Husarova D. Social constraints associated with excessive internet use in adolescents: the role of family, school, peers, and neighbourhood. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1279-1287. [PMID: 32844251 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive internet use (EIU) has been studied predominantly within the context of individual risk factors. Less attention has been paid to social factors, especially in a fashion complex enough to include the multiple domains of adolescent socialization. This study examined the relationship between EIU and constraints within family, school, peer groups, and neighbourhoods, while controlling for emotional and behavioural difficulties. METHODS This study was based on survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, which was conducted in Slovakia in 2018. The sample of representative adolescents totalled 8400 (mean age: 13.44 years; SDage = 1.33; 50.9% boys). RESULTS Multiple-step linear regression revealed that, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and emotional and behavioural difficulties, peer problems had the least effect, while the constraints related to family and neighbourhood stood out as especially problematic. Combined variables explained 20% variance of EIU. CONCLUSIONS Social constraints proved to be important factors in adolescent EIU. The important role of a problematic neighbourhood is a novel finding and suggests that it should be targeted in prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Blinka
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nika Šablatúrová
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ševčíková
- Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Joštova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Husarova
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
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8
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Musetti A, Mancini T, Corsano P, Santoro G, Cavallini MC, Schimmenti A. Maladaptive Personality Functioning and Psychopathological Symptoms in Problematic Video Game Players: A Person-Centered Approach. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2559. [PMID: 31803104 PMCID: PMC6877750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A need exists to increase our understanding of the association between maladaptive personality traits, psychopathological symptoms, game preference, and different types of video game use. In the present study, we used a person-centered approach to identify different subtypes of video game players and we explored how they differ in personality profiles, clinical symptoms, and video game usage. METHODS We assessed problematic gaming via the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale and self-reported screen time playing video games in a sample of 366 adolescents and young adult gamers. Participants also completed measures on maladaptive personality domains (Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items), and psychopathological symptoms (DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure) and reported which genre of video games they preferred. RESULTS Using a person-centered, cluster-analytic approach, we identified four clusters of video game players (Occasional, Passionate, Preoccupied, and Disordered) presenting peculiar combinations of problematic gaming scores and time spent online playing video games. Non-problematic gamers (Occasional and Passionate) represented the majority of the sample (62.3% of the participants). Highly involved gamers who exhibited excessive screen time playing video games (Disordered gamers) presented the highest level of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms, and were characterized by the greatest use of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games. CONCLUSION These results have clinical implications on suggesting the importance to determining whether or not problematic gaming activities reflect a dysfunctional emotion-focused coping strategy to avoid inner unpleasant emotional or a more generally compromised emotional and social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mancini
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Corsano
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santoro
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE – Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE – Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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9
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Lopez-Fernandez O, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ, Dawes C, Pontes HM, Justice L, Rumpf HJ, Bischof A, Gässler AK, Suryani E, Männikkö N, Kääriänen M, Romo L, Morvan Y, Kern L, Graziani P, Rousseau A, Hormes JM, Schimmenti A, Passanisi A, Demetrovics Z, Király O, Lelonek-Kuleta B, Chwaszcz J, Dufour M, Ponce Terashima J, Chóliz M, Zacarés JJ, Serra E, Rochat L, Zullino D, Achab S, Landrø NI, Billieux J. Cross-Cultural Validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Four Forms and Eight Languages. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:451-464. [PMID: 31295025 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is one of the most frequently internationally adapted psychometric instruments developed to assess generalized problematic Internet use. Multiple adaptations of this instrument have led to versions in different languages (e.g., Arabic and French), and different numbers of items (e.g., from 5 to 16 items instead of the original 14). However, to date, the CIUS has never been simultaneously compared and validated in several languages and different versions. Consequently, the present study tested the psychometric properties of four CIUS versions (i.e., CIUS-14, CIUS-9, CIUS-7, and CIUS-5) across eight languages (i.e., German, French, English, Finnish, Spanish, Italian, Polish, and Hungarian) to (a) examine their psychometric properties, and (b) test their measurement invariance. These analyses also identified the optimal versions of the CIUS. The data were collected via online surveys administered to 4,226 voluntary participants from 15 countries, aged at least 18 years, and recruited from academic environments. All brief versions of the CIUS in all eight languages were validated. Dimensional, configural, and metric invariance were established across all languages for the CIUS-5, CIUS-7, and CIUS-9, but the CIUS-5 and CIUS-7 were slightly more suitable because their model fitted the ordinal estimate better, while for cross-comparisons, the CIUS-9 was slightly better. The brief versions of the CIUS are therefore reliable and structurally stable instruments that can be used for cross-cultural research across adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Lopez-Fernandez
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,2 Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daria J Kuss
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dawes
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Halley M Pontes
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Justice
- 1 International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
- 3 Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Bischof
- 3 Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Gässler
- 3 Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Suryani
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavior, School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Niko Männikkö
- 5 Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kääriänen
- 6 Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lucia Romo
- 7 EA 4430 Clinique psychanalyse développement (CLIPSYD), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,8 INSERM UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Morvan
- 7 EA 4430 Clinique psychanalyse développement (CLIPSYD), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France.,8 INSERM UMR-S 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Kern
- 9 EA 2931, Centre de recherches sur le sport et le mouvement (CESRM), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- 10 LPS EA 849, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,11 Psychologie, Langues, Lettres et Histoire Département, University of Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Amélie Rousseau
- 12 Psychology Department, PSITEC EA 4074, Université Lille Nord de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Julia M Hormes
- 13 Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- 14 Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessia Passanisi
- 14 Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- 15 Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- 15 Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta
- 16 Department of Family Science and Social Work and Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwaszcz
- 17 Department of Psychology, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magali Dufour
- 18 Service de toxicomanie, Faculte de medicine Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Javier Ponce Terashima
- 19 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mariano Chóliz
- 20 Department of Basic Psychology and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Zacarés
- 21 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilia Serra
- 21 Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucien Rochat
- 22 Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Zullino
- 23 Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit Addictive Disorders, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,24 Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Addiction Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Achab
- 23 Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit Addictive Disorders, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,24 Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Addiction Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- 25 Department of Psychology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joël Billieux
- 26 Institute for Health and Behavior, Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Dullur
- 1 Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,2 Gna Ka Lun Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- 3 Discipline of Psychiatry, Nepean Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kim YJ, Lim JA, Lee JY, Oh S, Kim SN, Kim DJ, Ha JE, Kwon JS, Choi JS. Impulsivity and compulsivity in Internet gaming disorder: A comparison with obsessive-compulsive disorder and alcohol use disorder. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:545-553. [PMID: 29052999 PMCID: PMC6034958 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by a loss of control and a preoccupation with Internet games leading to repetitive behavior. We aimed to compare the baseline neuropsychological profiles in IGD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the spectrum of impulsivity and compulsivity. Methods A total of 225 subjects (IGD, N = 86; AUD, N = 39; OCD, N = 23; healthy controls, N = 77) were administered traditional neuropsychological tests including Korean version of the Stroop Color-Word test and computerized neuropsychological tests, including the stop signal test (SST) and the intra-extra dimensional set shift test (IED). Results Within the domain of impulsivity, the IGD and OCD groups made significantly more direction errors in SST (p = .003, p = .001) and showed significantly delayed reaction times in the color-word reading condition of the Stroop test (p = .049, p = .001). The OCD group showed the slowest reading time in the color-word condition among the four groups. Within the domain of compulsivity, IGD patients showed the worst performance in IED total trials measuring attentional set shifting ability among the groups. Conclusions Both the IGD and OCD groups shared impairment in inhibitory control functions as well as cognitive inflexibility. Neurocognitive dysfunction in IGD is linked to feature of impulsivity and compulsivity of behavioral addiction rather than impulse dyscontrol by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae A. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, SMC – Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Alcohol Treatment Center, KARF St. Mary’s Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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