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Giraudi PJ, Laraño AA, Monego SD, Pravisani R, Bonazza D, Gondolesi G, Tiribelli C, Baralle F, Baccarani U, Licastro D. Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic analysis of liver tissues subjected to early ischemia/reperfusion injury upon human liver transplantation. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101506. [PMID: 38710471 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Epigenetic changes represent a mechanism connecting external stresses with long-term modifications of gene expression programs. In solid organ transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) appears to induce epigenomic changes in the graft, although the currently available data are extremely limited. The present study aimed to characterize variations in DNA methylation and their effects on the transcriptome in liver transplantation from brain-dead donors. PATIENTS AND METHODS 12 liver grafts were evaluated through serial biopsies at different timings in the procurement-transplantation process: T0 (warm procurement, in donor), T1 (bench surgery), and T2 (after reperfusion, in recipient). DNA methylation (DNAm) and transcriptome profiles of biopsies were analyzed using microarrays and RNAseq. RESULTS Significant variations in DNAm were identified, particularly between T2 and T0. Functional enrichment of the best 1000 ranked differentially methylated promoters demonstrated that 387 hypermethylated and 613 hypomethylated promoters were involved in spliceosomal assembly and response to biotic stimuli, and inflammatory immune responses, respectively. At the transcriptome level, T2 vs. T0 showed an upregulation of 337 and downregulation of 61 genes, collectively involved in TNF-α, NFKB, and interleukin signaling. Cell enrichment analysis individuates macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils as the most significant tissue-cell type in the response. CONCLUSIONS In the process of liver graft procurement-transplantation, IRI induces significant epigenetic changes that primarily act on the signaling pathways of inflammatory responses dependent on TNF-α, NFKB, and interleukins. Our DNAm datasets are the early IRI methylome literature and will serve as a launch point for studying the impact of epigenetic modification in IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Giraudi
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Allen A Laraño
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Riccardo Pravisani
- Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriel Gondolesi
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Baralle
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
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Chen T, Li S, Deng D, Zhang W, Zhang J, Shen Z. Key role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in regulating liver disease: progress and outlook. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:451-470. [PMID: 38910492 PMCID: PMC11199090 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a member of the IRF family. It is the first transcription factor to be identified that could bind to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) on the target gene and displays crucial roles in the interferon-induced signals and pathways. IRF-1, as an important medium, has all of the advantages of full cell cycle regulation, cell death signaling transduction, and reinforcing immune surveillance, which are well documented. Current studies indicate that IRF-1 is of vital importance to the occurrence and evolution of multifarious liver diseases, including but not limited to inhibiting the replication of the hepatitis virus (A/B/C/E), alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis, and aggravating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). The tumor suppression of IRF-1 is related to the clinical characteristics of liver cancer patients, which makes it a potential indicator for predicting the prognosis and recurrence of liver cancer; additionally, the latest studies have revealed other effects of IRF-1 such as protection against alcoholic/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD/NAFLD), cholangiocarcinoma suppression, and uncommon traits in other liver diseases that had previously received little attention. Intriguingly, several compounds and drugs have featured a protective function in specific liver disease models in which there is significant involvement of the IRF-1 signal. In this paper, we hope to propose a prospective research basis upon which to help decipher translational medicine applications of IRF-1 in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dewen Deng
- First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weiye Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Arenas Hoyos I, Helmer A, Yerly A, Lese I, Hirsiger S, Zhang L, Casoni D, Garcia L, Petrucci M, Hammer SE, Duckova T, Banz Y, Montani M, Constantinescu M, Vögelin E, Bordon G, Aleandri S, Prost JC, Taddeo A, Luciani P, Rieben R, Sorvillo N, Olariu R. A local drug delivery system prolongs graft survival by dampening T cell infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in vascularized composite allografts. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387945. [PMID: 38887281 PMCID: PMC11180892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The standard treatment for preventing rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) currently relies on systemic immunosuppression, which exposes the host to well-known side effects. Locally administered immunosuppression strategies have shown promising results to bypass this hurdle. Nevertheless, their progress has been slow, partially attributed to a limited understanding of the essential mechanisms underlying graft rejection. Recent discoveries highlight the crucial involvement of innate immune components, such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), in organ transplantation. Here we aimed to prolong graft survival through a tacrolimus-based drug delivery system and to understand the role of NETs in VCA graft rejection. Methods To prevent off-target toxicity and promote graft survival, we tested a locally administered tacrolimus-loaded on-demand drug delivery system (TGMS-TAC) in a multiple MHC-mismatched porcine VCA model. Off-target toxicity was assessed in tissue and blood. Graft rejection was evaluated macroscopically while the complement system, T cells, neutrophils and NETs were analyzed in graft tissues by immunofluorescence and/or western blot. Plasmatic levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured using a Luminex magnetic-bead porcine panel, and NETs were measured in plasma and tissue using DNA-MPO ELISA. Lastly, to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus on NET formation, NETs were induced in-vitro in porcine and human peripheral neutrophils following incubation with tacrolimus. Results Repeated intra-graft administrations of TGMS-TAC minimized systemic toxicity and prolonged graft survival. Nevertheless, signs of rejection were observed at endpoint. Systemically, there were no increases in cytokine levels, complement anaphylatoxins, T-cell subpopulations, or neutrophils during rejection. Yet, tissue analysis showed local infiltration of T cells and neutrophils, together with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in rejected grafts. Interestingly, intra-graft administration of tacrolimus contributed to a reduction in both T-cellular infiltration and NETs. In fact, in-vitro NETosis assessment showed a 62-84% reduction in NETs after stimulated neutrophils were treated with tacrolimus. Conclusion Our data indicate that the proposed local delivery of immunosuppression avoids off-target toxicity while prolonging graft survival in a multiple MHC-mismatch VCA model. Furthermore, NETs are found to play a role in graft rejection and could therefore be a potential innovative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Arenas Hoyos
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Helmer
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Yerly
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Lese
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hirsiger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Casoni
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luisana Garcia
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabine E. Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, City Bern, Austria
| | - Tereza Duckova
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, City Bern, Austria
| | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Pathology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Montani
- Institute of Pathology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Constantinescu
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Esther Vögelin
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bordon
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aleandri
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Prost
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Vienna, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Taddeo
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Radu Olariu
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang H, You G, Yang Q, Jin G, Lv G, Fan L, Chen Y, Li H, Yi S, Li H, Guo N, Liu W, Yang Y. CX3CR1 deficiency promotes resolution of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating homeostatic function of liver infiltrating macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167130. [PMID: 38537684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(HIRI) remains to be an unsolved risk factor that contributes to organ failure after liver surgery. Our clinical retrospective study showed that lower donor liver CX3-C chemokine receptor-1(CX3CR1) mRNA expression level were correlated with upregulated pro-resolved macrophage receptor MERTK, as well as promoted restoration efficiency of allograft injury in liver transplant. To further characterize roles of CX3CR1 in regulating resolution of HIRI, we employed murine liver partial warm ischemia-reperfusion model by Wt & Cx3cr1-/- mice and the reperfusion time was prolonged from 6 h to 4-7 days. Kupffer cells(KCs) were depleted by clodronate liposome(CL) in advance to focus on infiltrating macrophages, and repopulation kinetics were determined by FACS, IF and RNA-Seq. CX3CR1 antagonist AZD8797 was injected i.p. to interrogate potential pharmacological therapeutic strategies. In vitro primary bone marrow macrophages(BMMs) culture by LXR agonist DMHCA, as well as molecular and functional studies, were undertaken to dissect roles of CX3CR1 in modulating macrophages cytobiological development and resolutive functions. We observed that deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 facilitated HIRI resolution via promoted macrophages migration in CCR1/CCR5 manner, as well as enhanced MerTK-mediated efferocytosis. Our study demonstrated the critical roles of CX3CR1 in progression of HIRI and identified it as a potential therapeutic target in clinical liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua You
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Surgical and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Jin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Lv
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linda Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Yi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affifiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abbas SH, Ceresa CDL, Pollok JM. Steatotic Donor Transplant Livers: Preservation Strategies to Mitigate against Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4648. [PMID: 38731866 PMCID: PMC11083584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, yet the UK has seen a 400% increase in liver disease-related deaths since 1970, constrained further by a critical shortage of donor organs. This shortfall has necessitated the use of extended criteria donor organs, including those with evidence of steatosis. The impact of hepatic steatosis (HS) on graft viability remains a concern, particularly for donor livers with moderate to severe steatosis which are highly sensitive to the process of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and static cold storage (SCS) leading to poor post-transplantation outcomes. This review explores the pathophysiological predisposition of steatotic livers to IRI, the limitations of SCS, and alternative preservation strategies, including novel organ preservation solutions (OPS) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), to mitigate IRI and improve outcomes for steatotic donor livers. By addressing these challenges, the liver transplant community can enhance the utilisation of steatotic donor livers which is crucial in the context of the global obesity crisis and the growing need to expand the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hussain Abbas
- Oxford Transplant Centre, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Carlo Domenico Lorenzo Ceresa
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Joerg-Matthias Pollok
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Li H, Yu S, Liu H, Chen L, Liu H, Liu X, Shen C. Immunologic barriers in liver transplantation: a single-cell analysis of the role of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274982. [PMID: 38143768 PMCID: PMC10748593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the biomarkers that may reliably indicate rejection or tolerance and the mechanism that underlie the induction and maintenance of liver transplantation (LT) tolerance related to immunosuppressant or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods LT models of Lewis-Lewis and F344-Lewis rats were established. Lewis-Lewis rats model served as a control (Syn). F344-Lewis rats were treated with immunosuppressant alone (Allo+IS) or in combination with MSCs (Allo+IS+MSCs). Intrahepatic cell composition particularly immune cells was compared between the groups by single-cell sequencing. Analysis of subclusters, KEGG pathway analysis, and pseudotime trajectory analysis were performed to explore the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of immunosuppressant alone or combined with MSCs. Results Immunosuppressants alone or combined with MSCs increases the liver tolerance, to a certain extent. Single-cell sequencing identified intrahepatic cell composition signature, including cell subpopulations of B cells, cholangiocytes, endothelial cells, erythrocytes, hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunosuppressant particularly its combination with MSCs altered the landscape of intrahepatic cells in transplanted livers, as well as gene expression patterns in immune cells. MSCs may be included in the differentiation of T cells, classical monocytes, and non-classical monocytes. Conclusion These findings provided novel insights for better understanding the heterogeneity and biological functions of intrahepatic immune cells after LT treated by IS alone or in combination with MSCs. The identified markers of immune cells may serve as the immunotherapeutic targets for MSC treatment of liver transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saihua Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Liu
- Department of Nursing, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Conglong Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Maspero M, Yilmaz S, Cazzaniga B, Raj R, Ali K, Mazzaferro V, Schlegel A. The role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury and liver regeneration in hepatic tumour recurrence. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100846. [PMID: 37771368 PMCID: PMC10523008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of cancer recurrence after liver surgery mainly depends on tumour biology, but preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the degree of perioperative liver injury plays a role in creating a favourable microenvironment for tumour cell engraftment or proliferation of dormant micro-metastases. Understanding the contribution of perioperative liver injury to tumour recurrence is imperative, as these pathways are potentially actionable. In this review, we examine the key mechanisms of perioperative liver injury, which comprise mechanical handling and surgical stress, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and parenchymal loss leading to liver regeneration. We explore how these processes can trigger downstream cascades leading to the activation of the immune system and the pro-inflammatory response, cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic signals, and release of circulating tumour cells. Finally, we discuss the novel therapies under investigation to decrease ischaemia-reperfusion injury and increase regeneration after liver surgery, including pharmaceutical agents, inflow modulation, and machine perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Maspero
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumeyye Yilmaz
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beatrice Cazzaniga
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roma Raj
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khaled Ali
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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8
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Song Z, Han H, Ge X, Das S, Desert R, Athavale D, Chen W, Komakula SSB, Lantvit D, Nieto N. Deficiency of neutrophil high-mobility group box-1 in liver transplant recipients exacerbates early allograft injury in mice. Hepatology 2023; 78:771-786. [PMID: 37016762 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a severe event leading to graft failure after liver transplant (LT). Extracellular high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that contributes to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the contribution of intracellular HMGB1 to LT graft injury remains elusive. We hypothesized that intracellular neutrophil-derived HMGB1 from recipients protects from post-LT EAD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated mice with conditional ablation or overexpression of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes, myeloid cells, or both. We performed LTs and injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the effect of intracellular HMGB1 in EAD. Ablation of Hmgb1 in hepatocytes and myeloid cells of donors and recipients exacerbated early allograft injury after LT. Ablation of Hmgb1 from liver grafts did not affect graft injury; however, lack of Hmgb1 from recipient myeloid cells increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in liver grafts and exacerbated injury. Neutrophils lacking HMGB1 were more activated, showed enhanced pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory signatures, and reduced biosynthesis and metabolism of inositol polyphosphates (InsPs). On LT reperfusion or LPS treatment, there was significant neutrophil mobilization and infiltration into the liver and enhanced production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines when intracellular Hmgb1 was absent. Depletion of neutrophils using anti-Ly6G antibody attenuated graft injury in recipients with myeloid cell Hmgb1 ablation. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil HMGB1 derived from recipients is central to regulate their activation, limits the production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protects from early liver allograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lantvit
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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Blondeel J, Gilbo N, Heedfeld V, Wylin T, Libbrecht L, Jochmans I, Pirenne J, Korf H, Monbaliu D. The Distinct Innate Immune Response of Warm Ischemic Injured Livers during Continuous Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12831. [PMID: 37629012 PMCID: PMC10454045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides superior preservation of liver grafts compared to static cold storage and allows for viability testing of high-risk grafts, its effect on the liver immune compartment remains unclear. We investigated the innate immune response during 6 h of continuous NMP (cNMP) of livers that were directly procured (DP, n = 5) or procured after 60 min warm ischemia (WI, n = 5), followed by 12 h of whole blood (WB) reperfusion. WI livers showed elevated transaminase levels during cNMP but not after WB reperfusion. Perfusate concentrations of TNF-α were lower in WI livers during cNMP and WB reperfusion, whereas IL-8 concentrations did not differ significantly. TGF-β concentrations were higher in WI livers during NMP but not after WB reperfusion, whereas IL-10 concentrations were similar. Endoplasmic stress and apoptotic signaling were increased in WI livers during cNMP but not after WB reperfusion. Additionally, neutrophil mobilization increased to a significantly lesser extent in WI livers at the end of NMP. In conclusion, WI livers exhibit a distinct innate immune response during cNMP compared to DP livers. The cytokine profile shifted towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype during cNMP and WB reperfusion, and pro-apoptotic signaling was stronger during cNMP. During WB reperfusion, livers exhibited a blunted cytokine release, regardless of ischemic damage, supporting the potential reconditioning effect of cNMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Blondeel
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Gilbo
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Heedfeld
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Wylin
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Libbrecht
- Department of Pathology, AZ Groeninge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Transplant Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.B.); (N.G.); (V.H.); (T.W.); (I.J.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhou W, Cao X, Xu Q, Qu J, Sun Y. The double-edged role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e325. [PMID: 37492784 PMCID: PMC10363828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important immune cells act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues. Many studies have demonstrated that neutrophils display plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Clarifying the role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers will contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we have presented a review on the development of the understanding on neutrophil heterogeneity from the traditional perspective and a high-resolution viewpoint. A growing body of evidence has confirmed the double-edged role of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases and tumors. This may be due to a lack of precise understanding of the role of specific neutrophil subsets in the disease. Thus, elucidating specific neutrophil subsets involved in diseases would benefit the development of precision medicine. Thusly, we have summarized the relevance and actions of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers comprehensively. Meanwhile, we also discussed the potential intervention strategy for neutrophils. This review is intended to deepen our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers, while hold promise for precise treatment of neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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11
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Li X, Wu J, Zhu S, Wei Q, Wang L, Chen J. Intragraft immune cells: accomplices or antagonists of recipient-derived macrophages in allograft fibrosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:195. [PMID: 37395809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis caused by chronic allograft rejection is a major concern in the field of transplantation. Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition plays a critical role in chronic allograft fibrosis. Adaptive immune cells (such as B and CD4+ T cells) and innate immune cells (such as neutrophils and innate lymphoid cells) participate in the occurrence of recipient-derived macrophages transformed to myofibroblasts by secreting cytokines, which eventually leads to fibrosis of the transplanted organ. This review provides an update on the latest progress in understanding the plasticity of recipient-derived macrophages in chronic allograft rejection. We discuss here the immune mechanisms of allograft fibrosis and review the reaction of immune cells in allograft. The interactions between immune cells and the process of myofibroblast formulation are being considered for the potential therapeutic targets of chronic allograft fibrosis. Therefore, research on this topic seems to provide novel clues for developing strategies for preventing and treating allograft fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, Jilin, China.
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Mohagheghzadeh A, Badr P, Mohagheghzadeh A, Hemmati S. Hypericum perforatum L. and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms for Its Choleretic, Cholagogue, and Regenerative Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:887. [PMID: 37375834 PMCID: PMC10300974 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Any defects in bile formation, secretion, or flow may give rise to cholestasis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. As the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders is multifactorial, targeting parallel pathways potentially increases the outcome of therapy. Hypericum perforatum has been famed for its anti-depressive effects. However, according to traditional Persian medicine, it helps with jaundice and acts as a choleretic medication. Here, we will discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of Hypericum for its use in hepatobiliary disorders. Differentially expressed genes retrieved from microarray data analysis upon treatment with safe doses of Hypericum extract and intersection with the genes involved in cholestasis are identified. Target genes are located mainly at the endomembrane system with integrin-binding ability. Activation of α5β1 integrins, as osmo-sensors in the liver, activates a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-SRC, which leads to the insertion of bile acid transporters into the canalicular membrane to trigger choleresis. Hypericum upregulates CDK6 that controls cell proliferation, compensating for the bile acid damage to hepatocytes. It induces ICAM1 to stimulate liver regeneration and regulates nischarin, a hepatoprotective receptor. The extract targets the expression of conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) and facilitates the movement of bile acids toward the canalicular membrane via Golgi-derived vesicles. In addition, Hypericum induces SCP2, an intracellular cholesterol transporter, to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. We have also provided a comprehensive view of the target genes affected by Hypericum's main metabolites, such as hypericin, hyperforin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, and p-coumaric acid to enlighten a new scope in the management of chronic liver disorders. Altogether, standard trials using Hypericum as a neo-adjuvant or second-line therapy in ursodeoxycholic-acid-non-responder patients define the future trajectories of cholestasis treatment with this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Mohagheghzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
| | - Parmis Badr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (P.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran; (P.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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13
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Hautz T, Salcher S, Fodor M, Sturm G, Ebner S, Mair A, Trebo M, Untergasser G, Sopper S, Cardini B, Martowicz A, Hofmann J, Daum S, Kalb M, Resch T, Krendl F, Weissenbacher A, Otarashvili G, Obrist P, Zelger B, Öfner D, Trajanoski Z, Troppmair J, Oberhuber R, Pircher A, Wolf D, Schneeberger S. Immune cell dynamics deconvoluted by single-cell RNA sequencing in normothermic machine perfusion of the liver. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2285. [PMID: 37085477 PMCID: PMC10121614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as an innovative organ preservation technique. Developing an understanding for the donor organ immune cell composition and its dynamic changes during NMP is essential. We aimed for a comprehensive characterization of immune cell (sub)populations, cell trafficking and cytokine release during liver NMP. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human donor livers prior to, during NMP and after transplantation shows an abundance of CXC chemokine receptor 1+/2+ (CXCR1+/CXCR2+) neutrophils, which significantly decreased during NMP. This is paralleled by a large efflux of passenger leukocytes with neutrophil predominance in the perfusate. During NMP, neutrophils shift from a pro-inflammatory state towards an aged/chronically activated/exhausted phenotype, while anti-inflammatory/tolerogenic monocytes/macrophages are increased. We herein describe the dynamics of the immune cell repertoire, phenotypic immune cell shifts and a dominance of neutrophils during liver NMP, which potentially contribute to the inflammatory response. Our findings may serve as resource to initiate future immune-interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hautz
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Fodor
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Sturm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Trebo
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria
| | - S Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Cardini
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Martowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria
| | - J Hofmann
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Daum
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Kalb
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Resch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Krendl
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Weissenbacher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Otarashvili
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Obrist
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Zams, Austria
| | - B Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Öfner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Z Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Troppmair
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - S Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Ito Y, Hosono K, Amano H. Responses of hepatic sinusoidal cells to liver ischemia–reperfusion injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1171317. [PMID: 37082623 PMCID: PMC10112669 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1171317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver displays a remarkable regenerative capacity in response to acute liver injury. In addition to the proliferation of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, non-parenchymal cells, including liver macrophages, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver repair and regeneration. Liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of increased liver damage during liver resection, transplantation, and trauma. Impaired liver repair increases postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent liver surgery. Successful liver repair and regeneration after liver IRI requires coordinated interplay and synergic actions between hepatic resident cells and recruited cell components. However, the underlying mechanisms of liver repair after liver IRI are not well understood. Recent technological advances have revealed the heterogeneity of each liver cell component in the steady state and diseased livers. In this review, we describe the progress in the biology of liver non-parenchymal cells obtained from novel technological advances. We address the functional role of each cell component in response to liver IRI and the interactions between diverse immune repertoires and non-hematopoietic cell populations during the course of liver repair after liver IRI. We also discuss how these findings can help in the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Growing insights into the cellular interactions during liver IRI would enhance the pathology of liver IRI understanding comprehensively and further develop the strategies for improvement of liver repair.
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MIZOKAMI TSUBASA, SUZUKI KATSUHIKO. Neutrophil Depletion Attenuates Acute Liver Stress after Exhaustive Exercise in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:670-679. [PMID: 36729688 PMCID: PMC9997636 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exhaustive exercise induces acute liver stress; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of neutrophil depletion in male C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: sedentary with control antibody ( n = 20), sedentary with antineutrophil antibody ( n = 20), exhaustive exercise with control antibody ( n = 20), and exhaustive exercise with antineutrophil antibody ( n = 20). Antineutrophil antibodies (1A8) or control antibodies were administered intraperitoneally before running on a treadmill. Immediately and at 24 h after running to exhaustion on a treadmill at a 7% gradient and a speed of 24 m·min -1 , blood neutrophil counts were measured by flow cytometry. Plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to calculate the liver stress score, and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Exercise increased blood neutrophil and neutrophil infiltration into the liver. Plasma AST and ALT activities were significantly higher immediately after exhaustive exercise than after sedentary control (AST, sedentary with control antibody: 52.2 ± 0.4, exhaustive exercise with control antibody: 210.0 ± 19.8; ALT, sedentary with control antibody: 29.8 ± 2.2, exhaustive exercise with control antibody: 87.2 ± 15.8). However, AST and ALT activities were significantly decreased with the 1A8 antibody (AST, 102.2 ± 12.9; ALT, 39.2 ± 4.0). In addition, the liver stress score increased after exercise but was significantly reduced by prior 1A8 antibody administration. The 1A8 antibody treatment also decreased hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α levels after exhaustive exercise. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that neutrophils play a critical role in increasing liver stress by regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- TSUBASA MIZOKAMI
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, JAPAN
| | - KATSUHIKO SUZUKI
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, JAPAN
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16
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Liu Y, Yan P, Bin Y, Qin X, Wu Z. Neutrophil extracellular traps and complications of liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054753. [PMID: 36466888 PMCID: PMC9712194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many end-stage liver disease etiologies are attributed to robust inflammatory cell recruitment. Neutrophils play an important role in inflammatory infiltration and neutrophil phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. It has also been suggested that neutrophils may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kill pathogens. It has been proven that neutrophil infiltration within the liver contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment and immune cell activation. Growing evidence implies that NETs are involved in the progression of numerous complications of liver transplantation, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, thrombosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. NETs are discussed in this comprehensive review, focusing on their effects on liver transplantation complications. Furthermore, we discuss NETs as potential targets for liver transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Bin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Department of General Surgery and Trauma Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Roushansarai NS, Pascher A, Becker F. Innate Immune Cells during Machine Perfusion of Liver Grafts-The Janus Face of Hepatic Macrophages. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226669. [PMID: 36431146 PMCID: PMC9696117 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine perfusion is an emerging technology in the field of liver transplantation. While machine perfusion has now been implemented in clinical routine throughout transplant centers around the world, a debate has arisen regarding its concurrent effect on the complex hepatic immune system during perfusion. Currently, our understanding of the perfusion-elicited processes involving innate immune cells remains incomplete. Hepatic macrophages (Kupffer cells) represent a special subset of hepatic immune cells with a dual pro-inflammatory, as well as a pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory, role in the sequence of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current data regarding the immunomodulatory role of machine perfusion and to emphasize the importance of macrophages for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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18
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Liu W, Cronin CG, Cao Z, Wang C, Ruan J, Pulikkot S, Hall A, Sun H, Groisman A, Chen Y, Vella AT, Hu L, Liang BT, Fan Z. Nexinhib20 Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion and β 2 Integrin Activation by Antagonizing Rac-1-Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate Interaction. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1574-1585. [PMID: 36165184 PMCID: PMC9529951 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critical for mediating inflammatory responses. Inhibiting neutrophil recruitment is an attractive approach for preventing inflammatory injuries, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which exacerbates cardiomyocyte death after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. In this study, we found out that a neutrophil exocytosis inhibitor Nexinhib20 inhibits not only exocytosis but also neutrophil adhesion by limiting β2 integrin activation. Using a microfluidic chamber, we found that Nexinhib20 inhibited IL-8-induced β2 integrin-dependent human neutrophil adhesion under flow. Using a dynamic flow cytometry assay, we discovered that Nexinhib20 suppresses intracellular calcium flux and β2 integrin activation after IL-8 stimulation. Western blots of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1)-GTP pull-down assays confirmed that Nexinhib20 inhibited Rac-1 activation in leukocytes. An in vitro competition assay showed that Nexinhib20 antagonized the binding of Rac-1 and GTP. Using a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury, Nexinhib20 administration after ischemia and before reperfusion significantly decreased neutrophil recruitment and infarct size. Our results highlight the translational potential of Nexinhib20 as a dual-functional neutrophil inhibitory drug to prevent myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chunxia G Cronin
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Sunitha Pulikkot
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Alexxus Hall
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Liang Hu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT;
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
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19
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Fodor M, Salcher S, Gottschling H, Mair A, Blumer M, Sopper S, Ebner S, Pircher A, Oberhuber R, Wolf D, Schneeberger S, Hautz T. The liver-resident immune cell repertoire - A boon or a bane during machine perfusion? Front Immunol 2022; 13:982018. [PMID: 36311746 PMCID: PMC9609784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has been proposed as an important “immune organ” of the body, as it is critically involved in a variety of specific and unique immune tasks. It contains a huge resident immune cell repertoire, which determines the balance between tolerance and inflammation in the hepatic microenvironment. Liver-resident immune cells, populating the sinusoids and the space of Disse, include professional antigen-presenting cells, myeloid cells, as well as innate and adaptive lymphoid cell populations. Machine perfusion (MP) has emerged as an innovative technology to preserve organs ex vivo while testing for organ quality and function prior to transplantation. As for the liver, hypothermic and normothermic MP techniques have successfully been implemented in clinically routine, especially for the use of marginal donor livers. Although there is evidence that ischemia reperfusion injury-associated inflammation is reduced in machine-perfused livers, little is known whether MP impacts the quantity, activation state and function of the hepatic immune-cell repertoire, and how this affects the inflammatory milieu during MP. At this point, it remains even speculative if liver-resident immune cells primarily exert a pro-inflammatory and hence destructive effect on machine-perfused organs, or in part may be essential to induce liver regeneration and counteract liver damage. This review discusses the role of hepatic immune cell subtypes during inflammatory conditions and ischemia reperfusion injury in the context of liver transplantation. We further highlight the possible impact of MP on the modification of the immune cell repertoire and its potential for future applications and immune modulation of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fodor
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H. Gottschling
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Blumer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Ebner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Oberhuber
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D. Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Schneeberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Hautz
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, organLife Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: T. Hautz,
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20
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Norén Å, Oltean M, Friman S, Molinaro A, Mölne J, Sihlbom C, Herlenius G, Thorsell A. Liver Graft Proteomics Reveals Potential Incipient Mechanisms behind Early Renal Dysfunction after Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911929. [PMID: 36233231 PMCID: PMC9569532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent after liver transplantation (LT) and correlates with later development of chronic kidney disease. Its etiology is multifactorial and combines pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors. Additionally, the liver graft itself seems an important element in the development of AKI, yet the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that grafts of LT recipients developing significant early AKI may show distinct proteomic alterations, and we set out to identify proteome differences between LT recipients developing moderate or severe AKI (n = 7) and LT recipients without early renal injury (n = 7). Liver biopsies obtained one hour after reperfusion were assessed histologically and using quantitative proteomics. Several cytokines and serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) were analyzed in serum samples obtained preoperatively, 2−4 h, and 20−24 h after graft reperfusion, respectively. LT induced mild histological alterations without significant differences between groups but uniformly altered liver function tests peaking on postoperative day 1, with a trend towards more severe alterations in patients developing AKI. Global quantitative proteomic analysis revealed 136 proteins differing significantly in their expression levels (p < 0.05, FC 20%): 80 proteins had higher and 56 had lower levels in the AKI group. Most of these proteins were related to immune and inflammatory responses, host defense, and neutrophil degranulation. No differences between the studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines or SAA2 between groups were found at any moment. Our results suggest that grafts of LT patients who develop early AKI reveal a distinct proteome dominated by an early yet prominent activation of the innate immunity. These findings support the hypothesis that AKI after LT may be favored by certain graft characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Norén
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Styrbjörn Friman
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 5, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Herlenius
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 5, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Gama JFG, Cardoso LMDF, Bisaggio RDC, Lagrota-Candido J, Henriques-Pons A, Alves LA. Immunological Tolerance in Liver Transplant Recipients: Putative Involvement of Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152327. [PMID: 35954171 PMCID: PMC9367574 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation world changed significantly following the introduction of immunosuppressants, with millions of people saved. Several physicians have noted that liver recipients that do not take their medication for different reasons became tolerant regarding kidney, heart, and lung transplantations at higher frequencies. Most studies have attempted to explain this phenomenon through unique immunological mechanisms and the fact that the hepatic environment is continuously exposed to high levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-pathogenic microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from commensal flora. These components are highly inflammatory in the periphery but tolerated in the liver as part of the normal components that arrive via the hepatic portal vein. These immunological mechanisms are discussed herein based on current evidence, although we hypothesize the participation of neuroendocrine-immune pathways, which have played a relevant role in autoimmune diseases. Cells found in the liver present receptors for several cytokines, hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters that would allow for system crosstalk. Furthermore, the liver is innervated by the autonomic system and may, thus, be influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. This review therefore seeks to discuss classical immunological hepatic tolerance mechanisms and hypothesizes the possible participation of the neuroendocrine-immune system based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Fernanda Gomes Gama
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Liana Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
| | - Rodrigo da Cunha Bisaggio
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, Brazil;
| | - Jussara Lagrota-Candido
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Immunobiology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Gragoatá Bl-M Campus, Niterói 24210-200, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education, and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, Brazil;
| | - Luiz A. Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil Avenue, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (J.F.G.G.); (L.M.d.F.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1816 (ext. 1841)
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22
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Kaltenmeier C, Wang R, Popp B, Geller D, Tohme S, Yazdani HO. Role of Immuno-Inflammatory Signals in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142222. [PMID: 35883665 PMCID: PMC9323912 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation. The initial step of IRI is mediated through ischemia which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species in Kupffer cells. This furthermore promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TLR9/nuclear-factor kappa B pathway, and the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as ATP, histone, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), urate, mitochondrial formyl peptides and S100 proteins. With ongoing cell death of hepatocytes during the ischemic phase, DAMPs are built up and released into the circulation upon reperfusion. This promotes a cytokines/chemokine storm that attracts neutrophils and other immune cells to the site of tissue injury. The effect of IRI is further aggravated by the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as epithelial neutrophil activating protein (CXCL5), KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), the complement proteins C3a and C5a, mitochondrial-derived formyl peptides, leukotriene B4 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from migrating neutrophils. These NETs can also activate platelets and form Neutrophil-platelet microthrombi to further worsen ischemia in the liver. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mediators that promote liver IRI, and we will discuss the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in mediating IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Brandon Popp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - David Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Kaltenmeier C, Yazdani HO, Handu S, Popp B, Geller D, Tohme S. The Role of Neutrophils as a Driver in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cancer Growth. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887565. [PMID: 35844608 PMCID: PMC9284204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an essential role in the response to sterile inflammation and its association with liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Liver IRI often manifests during times of surgical stress such as cancer surgery or liver transplantation. Following the initiation of liver IRI, stressed hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which promote the infiltration of innate immune cells which then initiate an inflammatory cascade and cytokine storm. Upon reperfusion, neutrophils are among the first cells that infiltrate the liver. Within the liver, neutrophils play an important role in fueling tissue damage and tumor progression by promoting the metastatic cascade through the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). NETs are composed of web-like DNA structures containing proteins that are released in response to inflammatory stimuli in the environment. Additionally, NETs can aid in mediating liver IRI, promoting tumor progression, and most recently, in mediating early graft rejection in liver transplantation. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of innate immune cells, with a focus on neutrophils, and their role in mediating IRI in mouse and human diseases, including cancer and transplantation. Moreover, we will investigate the interaction of Neutrophils with varying subtypes of other cells. Furthermore, we will discuss the role and different treatment modalities in targeting Neutrophils and NETs to prevent IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanah Handu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brandon Popp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - David Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Samer Tohme,
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24
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Kolman JP, Pagerols Raluy L, Müller I, Nikolaev VO, Trochimiuk M, Appl B, Wadehn H, Dücker CM, Stoll FD, Boettcher M, Reinshagen K, Trah J. NET Release of Long-Term Surviving Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815412. [PMID: 35242132 PMCID: PMC8887621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—as double-edged swords of innate immunity—are involved in numerous processes such as infection, inflammation and tissue repair. Research on neutrophil granulocytes is limited because of their short lifetime of only a few hours. Several attempts have been made to prolong the half-life of neutrophils using cytokines and bacterial products and have shown promising results. These long-term surviving neutrophils are reported to maintain phagocytic activity and cytokine release; however, little is known regarding their capability to release NETs. Methods We analysed the prolongation of neutrophil survival in vitro under various culture conditions using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by flow cytometry and a viability assay. Additionally, we assessed NET formation following stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) by immunofluorescence staining, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA sandwich-ELISA and fluorometric assays for cell-free DNA (cfDNA), neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results Untreated neutrophils could form NETs after stimulation with PMA for up to 24 h. Incubation with LPS extended their ability to form NETs for up to 48 h. At 48 h, NET release of neutrophils cultured with LPS was significantly higher compared to that of untreated cells; however, no significantly different enzymatic activity of NE and MPO was observed. Similarly, incubation with G-CSF resulted in significantly higher NET release at 48 h compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, NETs showed significantly higher enzymatic activity of NE and MPO after incubation with G-CSF. Lastly, incubation with TNF-α had no influence on NET release compared to untreated cells although survival counts were altered by TNF-α. Conclusions G-CSF, LPS or TNF-α each at low concentrations lead to prolonged survival of cultured neutrophils, resulting in considerable differences in NET formation and composition. These results provide new information for the use of neutrophils in long-term experiments for NET formation and provide novel insights for neutrophil behaviour under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Kolman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Müller
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Trochimiuk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Appl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wadehn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Maria Dücker
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian David Stoll
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Trah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells as nanotherapeutics for liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury by transferring mitochondria to modulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps'. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a new understanding of the role of innate immunity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:239-256. [PMID: 34837066 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), a local sterile inflammatory response driven by innate immunity, is one of the primary causes of early organ dysfunction and failure after liver transplantation. Cellular damage resulting from LIRI is an important risk factor not only for graft dysfunction but also for acute and even chronic rejection and exacerbates the shortage of donor organs for life-saving liver transplantation. Hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, along with extrahepatic monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and platelets, are all involved in LIRI. However, the mechanisms underlying the responses of these cells in the acute phase of LIRI and how these responses are orchestrated to control and resolve inflammation and achieve homeostatic tissue repair are not well understood. Technological advances allow the tracking of cells to better appreciate the role of hepatic macrophages and platelets (such as their origin and immunomodulatory and tissue-remodelling functions) and hepatic neutrophils (such as their selective recruitment, anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing functions, and formation of extracellular traps and reverse migration) in LIRI. In this Review, we summarize the role of macrophages, platelets and neutrophils in LIRI, highlight unanswered questions, and discuss prospects for innovative therapeutic regimens against LIRI in transplant recipients.
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27
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Ung N, Goldbeck C, Man C, Hoeflich J, Sun R, Barbetta A, Matasci N, Katz J, Lee JSH, Chopra S, Asgharzadeh S, Warren M, Sher L, Kohli R, Akbari O, Genyk Y, Emamaullee J. Adaptation of Imaging Mass Cytometry to Explore the Single Cell Alloimmune Landscape of Liver Transplant Rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831103. [PMID: 35432320 PMCID: PMC9009043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rejection continues to be an important cause of graft loss in solid organ transplantation, but deep exploration of intragraft alloimmunity has been limited by the scarcity of clinical biopsy specimens. Emerging single cell immunoprofiling technologies have shown promise in discerning mechanisms of autoimmunity and cancer immunobiology. Within these applications, Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) has been shown to enable highly multiplexed, single cell analysis of immune phenotypes within fixed tissue specimens. In this study, an IMC panel of 10 validated markers was developed to explore the feasibility of IMC in characterizing the immune landscape of chronic rejection (CR) in clinical tissue samples obtained from liver transplant recipients. IMC staining was highly specific and comparable to traditional immunohistochemistry. A single cell segmentation analysis pipeline was developed that enabled detailed visualization and quantification of 109,245 discrete cells, including 30,646 immune cells. Dimensionality reduction identified 11 unique immune subpopulations in CR specimens. Most immune subpopulations were increased and spatially related in CR, including two populations of CD45+/CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells and a discrete CD68+ macrophage population, which were not observed in liver with no rejection (NR). Modeling via principal component analysis and logistic regression revealed that single cell data can be utilized to construct statistical models with high consistency (Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, p=0.000036). This study highlights the power of IMC to investigate the alloimmune microenvironment at a single cell resolution during clinical rejection episodes. Further validation of IMC has the potential to detect new biomarkers, identify therapeutic targets, and generate patient-specific predictive models of clinical outcomes in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Ung
- Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cameron Goldbeck
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cassandra Man
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julianne Hoeflich
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ren Sun
- Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arianna Barbetta
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Naim Matasci
- Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Katz
- Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jerry S. H. Lee
- Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mika Warren
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linda Sher
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yuri Genyk
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Juliet Emamaullee,
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Necroptosis triggers spatially restricted neutrophil-mediated vascular damage during lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111537119. [PMID: 35238643 PMCID: PMC8917381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111537119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging, oxidative lipidomics, and a transplant model were used to define mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment into lungs during ischemia reperfusion injury, a clinically relevant form of sterile inflammation. We found that early neutrophil-mediated damage is largely confined to the subpleural vasculature, a process that is orchestrated by a spatially restricted distribution of nonclassical monocytes that produce chemokines following necroptosis of pulmonary cells. Neutrophils disrupt the integrity of subpleural capillaries, which is associated with impaired lung function. Neutrophil-mediated vascular leakage is dependent on TLR4 expression on vascular endothelium, NOX4 signaling, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Our research provides insights into mechanisms that regulate neutrophil recruitment during sterile lung inflammation and lays the foundation for developing new therapies. Ischemia reperfusion injury represents a common pathological condition that is triggered by the release of endogenous ligands. While neutrophils are known to play a critical role in its pathogenesis, the tissue-specific spatiotemporal regulation of ischemia-reperfusion injury is not understood. Here, using oxidative lipidomics and intravital imaging of transplanted mouse lungs that are subjected to severe ischemia reperfusion injury, we discovered that necroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death, triggers the recruitment of neutrophils. During the initial stages of inflammation, neutrophils traffic predominantly to subpleural vessels, where their aggregation is directed by chemoattractants produced by nonclassical monocytes that are spatially restricted in this vascular compartment. Subsequent neutrophilic disruption of capillaries resulting in vascular leakage is associated with impaired graft function. We found that TLR4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells and downstream NADPH oxidase 4 expression mediate the arrest of neutrophils, a step upstream of their extravasation. Neutrophil extracellular traps formed in injured lungs and their disruption with DNase prevented vascular leakage and ameliorated primary graft dysfunction. Thus, we have uncovered mechanisms that regulate the initial recruitment of neutrophils to injured lungs, which result in selective damage to subpleural pulmonary vessels and primary graft dysfunction. Our findings could lead to the development of new therapeutics that protect lungs from ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Ni X, Wu X, Zhu XX, Li JH, Yin XY, Lu L. Carabin Deficiency Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Promoting Neutrophil Trafficking via Ras and Calcineurin Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773291. [PMID: 35265067 PMCID: PMC8898835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in the initial phase of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (HIRI). Despite many different key molecules that have been reported to meditate neutrophil trafficking in HIRI, the mechanism of this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that Carabin deficiency in myeloid cells (LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl) aggravated IRI-induced hepatic injury and apoptosis through increasing the infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils. ImmGen Datasets further revealed that Carabin was expressed in bone marrow neutrophils (GM.BM) but was significantly downregulated in thio-induced peripheral neutrophils (GN.Thio.PC), which was consistently verified by comparing GM.BM and liver-infiltrating neutrophils induced by IRI. Mechanistically, up-regulation of Carabin in GM.BM in vitro reduced the expression levels of P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin through inhibiting Ras-ERK and Calcineurin-NFAT signaling. Furthermore, blocking P-selectin, E-selectin, and αvβ3 integrin in LysMCre : Carabinfl/fl mice decreased the frequency and number of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils and reversed hepatic ischemia−reperfusion damage. In conclusion, our results provide a new understanding of Carabin, such that it is expressed and functions not only in adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) but also in innate immune cells (neutrophils), contributing to the migration of neutrophils. These findings provide novel and promising therapeutic targets for the prevention of HIRI during liver transplantation or hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Ni
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Yin, ; Ling Lu,
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NETosis in ischemic/reperfusion injuries: An organ-based review. Life Sci 2021; 290:120158. [PMID: 34822798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NETosis), the web-like structures induced by neutrophil death, is an important inflammatory mechanism of the immune system leading to reactive oxygen species production/coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. NETosis exerts its role through different mechanisms such as triggering Toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, neutrophil activation/infiltration, and vascular impairment. NETosis plays a key role in the prognosis of coronary artery disease, ischemic injury of kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract and skeletal muscles. In this review, we explored the molecular mechanisms involved in NETosis, and ischemic/reperfusion injuries in body organs.
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Methods of Attenuating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158229. [PMID: 34360995 PMCID: PMC8347959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. However, the transplantation is ultimately associated with the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). It affects not only the function of the graft but also significantly worsens the oncological results. Various methods have been used so far to manage IRI. These include the non-invasive approach (pharmacotherapy) and more advanced options encompassing various types of liver conditioning and machine perfusion. Strategies aimed at shortening ischemic times and better organ allocation pathways are still under development as well. This article presents the mechanisms responsible for IRI, its impact on treatment outcomes, and strategies to mitigate it. An extensive review of the relevant literature using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus databases until September 2020 was conducted. Only full-text articles written in English were included. The following search terms were used: “ischemia reperfusion injury”, “liver transplantation”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “preconditioning”, “machine perfusion”.
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32
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Liu Y, Qin X, Lei Z, Chai H, Huang Z, Wu Z. Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation and alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112719. [PMID: 34273405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an adverse effect for liver transplantation which is characterized by immune response mediated inflammation. Recent studies report that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in hepatic IRI. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main chemical composition of Ligusticum chuanxiong in treatment of ischemic related diseases. Data showed that hepatic IRI increases the leak of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and stimulates formation of NETs. Extracellular DNA/NETs assay, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot assay, showed that TMP significantly reduces formation of NETs and alleviates hepatic IRI. Moreover, TMP and Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) suppressed ROS production in neutrophils. In addition, analysis showed that activation of NADPH oxidase plays a role in formation of NETs triggered by hepatic IRI. Notably, TMP inhibited formation of NETs though inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Additionally, Combination treatment using TMP and DPI was more effective compared with monotherapy of either of the two drugs. These findings show that combination therapy using TMP and DPI is a promising method for treatment hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qin
- Department of General Surgery of Yuzhong District, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zilun Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuotian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang H, Li Z, Li W. M2 Macrophages Serve as Critical Executor of Innate Immunity in Chronic Allograft Rejection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648539. [PMID: 33815407 PMCID: PMC8010191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft functional failure due to acute or chronic rejection has long been a major concern in the area of solid organ transplantation for decades. As critical component of innate immune system, the macrophages are unlikely to be exclusive for driving acute or chronic sterile inflammation against allografts. Traditionally, macrophages are classified into two types, M1 and M2 like macrophages, based on their functions. M1 macrophages are involved in acute rejection for triggering sterile inflammation thus lead to tissue damage and poor allograft survival, while M2 macrophages represent contradictory features, playing pivotal roles in both anti-inflammation and development of graft fibrosis and resulting in chronic rejection. Macrophages also contribute to allograft vasculopathy, but the phenotypes remain to be identified. Moreover, increasing evidences are challenging traditional identification and classification of macrophage in various diseases. Better understanding the role of macrophage in chronic rejection is fundamental to developing innovative strategies for preventing late graft loss. In this review, we will update the recent progress in our understanding of diversity of macrophage-dominated innate immune response, and reveal the roles of M2 macrophages in chronic allograft rejection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang JY, Li M, Zhang CL, Liu D. Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1230-1239. [PMID: 33595821 PMCID: PMC8460515 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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35
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Hemorheological and Microcirculatory Factors in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-An Update on Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Protective Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041864. [PMID: 33668478 PMCID: PMC7918617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a multifactorial phenomenon which has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. IRI related tissue damage is characterized by various chronological events depending on the experimental model or clinical setting. Despite the fact that IRI research has been in the spotlight of scientific interest for over three decades with a significant and continuous increase in publication activity over the years and the large number of pharmacological and surgical therapeutic attempts introduced, not many of these strategies have made their way into everyday clinical practice. Furthermore, the pathomechanism of hepatic IRI has not been fully elucidated yet. In the complex process of the IRI, flow properties of blood are not neglectable. Hemorheological factors play an important role in determining tissue perfusion and orchestrating mechanical shear stress-dependent endothelial functions. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, ischemic conditioning protocols, dynamic organ preservation techniques may improve rheological properties of the post-reperfusion hepatic blood flow and target endothelial cells, exerting a potent protection against hepatic IRI. In this review paper we give a comprehensive overview of microcirculatory, rheological and molecular–pathophysiological aspects of hepatic circulation in the context of IRI and hepatoprotective approaches.
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36
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Improving Liver Graft Function Using CD47 Blockade in the Setting of Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Transplantation 2021; 106:37-47. [PMID: 33577253 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Towards the goal of utilizing more livers for transplantation, transplant centers are looking to increase the use of organs from "marginal" donors. Livers from these donors, however, have been shown to be more susceptible to preservation and reperfusion injury. METHODS Using a porcine model of donation after circulatory death (DCD), we studied the use of antibody-mediated CD47 blockade to further improve liver graft function undergoing normothermic machine perfusion. Livers from 20 pigs (5 per group) were brought under either 30 or 60 minutes of warm ischemia time (WIT) followed by the administration of CD47mAb treatment or IgG control antibodies and 6 hours of normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP). RESULTS After 6 hours of NELP, CD47mAb-treated livers with 30 or 60 minutes WIT had significantly lower ALT levels and higher bile production compared to their respective control groups. Blockade of the CD47 signaling pathway resulted in significantly lower TSP-1 protein levels, lower expression of Caspase-3, and higher expression of pERK. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that CD47mAb treatment decreases ischemia/reperfusion injury through CD47/TSP-1 signaling downregulation and the presence of necrosis/apoptosis after reperfusion, and could increase liver regeneration during normothermic perfusion of the liver.Supplemental Visual Abstract; http://links.lww.com/TP/C146.
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37
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Nakamura K, Kageyama S, Kaldas FM, Hirao H, Ito T, Kadono K, Dery KJ, Kojima H, Gjertson DW, Sosa RA, Kujawski M, Busuttil RW, Reed EF, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Hepatic CEACAM1 expression indicates donor liver quality and prevents early transplantation injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2689-2704. [PMID: 32027621 DOI: 10.1172/jci133142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CEACAM1 (CC1) glycoprotein resides at the interface of immune liver injury and metabolic homeostasis, its role in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains elusive. We aimed to determine whether/how CEACAM1 signaling may affect hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and OLT outcomes. In the mouse, donor liver CC1 null mutation augmented IRI-OLT (CC1-KO→WT) by enhancing ROS expression and HMGB1 translocation during cold storage, data supported by in vitro studies where hepatic flush from CC1-deficient livers enhanced macrophage activation in bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures. Although hepatic CC1 deficiency augmented cold stress-triggered ASK1/p-p38 upregulation, adjunctive ASK1 inhibition alleviated IRI and improved OLT survival by suppressing p-p38 upregulation, ROS induction, and HMGB1 translocation (CC1-KO→WT), whereas ASK1 silencing (siRNA) promoted cytoprotection in cold-stressed and damage-prone CC1-deficient hepatocyte cultures. Consistent with mouse data, CEACAM1 expression in 60 human donor liver biopsies correlated negatively with activation of the ASK1/p-p38 axis, whereas low CC1 levels associated with increased ROS and HMGB1 translocation, enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses, and inferior early OLT function. Notably, reduced donor liver CEACAM1 expression was identified as one of the independent predictors for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) in human OLT patients. Thus, as a checkpoint regulator of IR stress and sterile inflammation, CEACAM1 may be considered as a denominator of donor hepatic tissue quality, and a target for therapeutic modulation in OLT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Fady M Kaldas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Kenneth J Dery
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sosa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maciej Kujawski
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ronald W Busuttil
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Dumont-UCLA Liver Transplant Center
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Wang Z, Zhang P, Wang Q, Sheng X, Zhang J, Lu X, Fan X. Protective effects of Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pills against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Chin Med 2020; 15:122. [PMID: 33292377 PMCID: PMC7678318 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable pathological phenomenon in various clinical conditions, such as liver transplantation, resection surgery, or shock, which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after operation. Ginkgo Biloba Dropping Pill (GBDP) is a unique Chinese Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract preparation that exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of GBDP on the liver I/R injury both in the in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experiments were performed in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells and primary hepatocytes, which were pretreated with GBDP (60 or 120 µg/mL) followed by incubation in a hypoxia chamber. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Annexin V staining as well as western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins was performed to detect the protective effect of GBDP on cell apoptosis induced by H/R injury. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the liver I/R injury model, and were pretreated with GBDP (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for two weeks. The liver damage was evaluated by detection of plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as histopathological examinations. Liver inflammation was determined by detecting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunohistochemistry staining. Finally, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labeling (TUNEL) staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of GBDP in mice. RESULTS In the in vitro study, GBDP pretreatment improved the cell viability of AML-12 cells in the H/R injury model. Similarly, the same result was found in the primary hepatocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, GBDP decreased the number of apoptotic cells and reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by H/R injury. In the in vivo study, oral administration of GBDP ameliorated liver injury evidenced by a significant decline in the levels of ALT and AST. Furthermore, the result of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that GBDP reduced the size of necrosis area in the liver tissue. In addition, the decreased infiltration of neutrophils and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicated that GBDP may play an anti-inflammatory effect. More importantly, GBDP reduced TUNEL-positive cells and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the liver indicating GBDP has anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings elucidated that GBDP has potential effects for protecting against liver I/R injury characterized by its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which would promisingly make contributions to the exploration of therapeutic strategies in the liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Pharmaceutical informatics institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical informatics institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Sheng
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical informatics institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical informatics institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China.
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CXCL16 silencing alleviates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury during liver transplantation by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although organ transplantation has become the standard life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage organ failure and those with malignancies, effective and safe therapeutic strategies to combat allograft loss remain to be established. With the emerging evidence suggesting the critical role of innate immunity in the mechanism of allograft injury, we summarize the latest understanding of macrophage-neutrophil cross-communication and discuss therapeutic prospects of their targeting in transplant recipients. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages and neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of early peritransplant ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent allograft rejection immune cascade, primarily by exacerbating inflammatory response and tissue damage. Noteworthy, recent advances enabled to elucidate multifaceted functions of innate immune cells, which are not only deleterious but may also prove graft-protective. Indeed, the efficacy of macrophage polarizing regimens or macrophage-targeted migration have been recognized to create graft-protective local environment. Moreover, novel molecular mechanisms in the neutrophil function have been identified, such as neutrophil extracellular traps, tissue-repairing capability, crosstalk with macrophages and T cells as well as reverse migration into the circulation. SUMMARY As efficient strategies to manage allograft rejection and improve transplant outcomes are lacking, newly discovered, and therapeutically attractive innate immune cell functions warrant comprehensive preclinical and clinical attention.
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