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Lindman M, Estevez I, Marmut E, DaPrano EM, Chou TW, Newman K, Atkins C, O’Brown NM, Daniels BP. Astrocytic RIPK3 exerts protective anti-inflammatory activity during viral encephalitis via induction of serpin protease inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595181. [PMID: 38826345 PMCID: PMC11142122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Flaviviruses pose a significant threat to public health due to their ability to infect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause severe neurologic disease. Astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of flavivirus encephalitis through their maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and their modulation of immune cell recruitment and activation within the CNS. We have previously shown that receptor interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) is a central coordinator of neuroinflammation during CNS viral infection, a function that occurs independently of its canonical function in inducing necroptotic cell death. To date, however, roles for necroptosis-independent RIPK3 signaling in astrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we use mouse genetic tools to induce astrocyte-specific deletion, overexpression, and chemogenetic activation of RIPK3 to demonstrate an unexpected anti-inflammatory function for astrocytic RIPK3. RIPK3 activation in astrocytes was required for host survival in multiple models of flavivirus encephalitis, where it restricted neuropathogenesis by limiting immune cell recruitment to the CNS. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that, despite inducing a traditional pro-inflammatory transcriptional program, astrocytic RIPK3 paradoxically promoted neuroprotection through the upregulation of serpins, endogenous protease inhibitors with broad immunomodulatory activity. Notably, intracerebroventricular administration of SerpinA3N in infected mice preserved BBB integrity, reduced leukocyte infiltration, and improved survival outcomes in mice lacking astrocytic RIPK3. These findings highlight a previously unappreciated role for astrocytic RIPK3 in suppressing pathologic neuroinflammation and suggests new therapeutic targets for the treatment of flavivirus encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lindman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Eduard Marmut
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Evan M. DaPrano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kimberly Newman
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natasha M. O’Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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An D, Xu Y. Environmental risk factors provoke new thinking for prevention and treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30175. [PMID: 38707435 PMCID: PMC11068646 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, environmental factors have received attention in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Other than genetic factors, the identification of environmental factors and modifiable risk factors may create opportunities to delay the onset or slow the progression of Lewy body disease. Researchers have made significant progress in understanding environmental and modifiable risk factors over the past 30 years. To date, despite the increasing number of articles assessing risk factors for Lewy body disease, few reviews have focused on their role in its onset. In this review, we reviewed the literature investigating the relationship between Lewy body disease and several environmental and other modifiable factors. We found that some air pollutants, exposure to some metals, and infection with some microorganisms may increase the risk of Lewy body disease. Coffee intake and the Mediterranean diet are protective factors. However, it is puzzling that low educational levels and smoking may have some protective effects. In addition, we proposed specific protocols for subsequent research directions on risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases and improved methods. By conducting additional case-control studies, we could explore the role of these factors in the etiopathogenesis of Lewy body disease, establishing a foundation for strategies aimed at preventing and reducing the onset and burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghao An
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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3
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Underwood EC, Vera IM, Allen D, Alvior J, O’Driscoll M, Silbert S, Kim K, Barr KL. Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Tampa Bay Florida Patients Admitted to Hospital during 2020-2021 for Respiratory Symptoms. Viruses 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38793601 PMCID: PMC11125834 DOI: 10.3390/v16050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus spread primarily by Culex mosquitoes, with humans being a dead-end host. WNV was introduced to Florida in 2001, with 467 confirmed cases since. It is estimated that 80 percent of cases are asymptomatic, with mild cases presenting as a non-specific flu-like illness. Currently, detection of WNV in humans occurs primarily in healthcare settings via RT-PCR or CSF IgM when patients present with severe manifestations of disease including fever, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis. Given the short window of detectable viremia and requirement for CSF sampling, most WNV infections never receive an official diagnosis. This study utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect WNV IgG antibodies in 250 patient serum and plasma samples collected at Tampa General Hospital during 2020 and 2021. Plaque reduction neutralization tests were used to confirm ELISA results. Out of the 250 patients included in this study, 18.8% of them were IgG positive, consistent with previous WNV exposure. There was no relationship between WNV exposure and age or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Underwood
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.C.U.)
| | - Iset M. Vera
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dylan Allen
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joshua Alvior
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | | | - Kami Kim
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.C.U.)
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Kelli L. Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.C.U.)
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4
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Hu Y, Cui F, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang S, Wang R, Song J, Zhang Y. MicroRNA expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to coxsackievirus A10 infection reveals a potential role of miR-143-3p in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1217984. [PMID: 37577373 PMCID: PMC10419304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) has been one of the main etiologies of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in recent years and can cause mild to severe illness and even death. Most of these severe and fatal cases were closely associated with neurological impairments, but the potential mechanism of neuropathological injury triggered by CV-A10 infection has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), implicated in the regulation of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases; therefore, they serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. To gain insights into the CV-A10-induced regulation of host miRNA-processing machinery, we employed high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in CV-A10-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and further analyzed the potential functions of these miRNAs during CV-A10 infection. The results showed that CV-A10 infection could induce 189 and 302 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs at 24 and 72 hpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected control. Moreover, the expression of four selected miRNAs and their relevant mRNAs was determined to verify the sequencing data by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. After that, gene target prediction and functional annotation revealed that the targets of these dysregulated miRNAs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation, signal transduction, cAMP signalling pathway, cellular response to interleukin-6, ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation, negative regulation of glial cell differentiation, neuron migration, positive regulation of neuron projection development, etc., which were primarily involved in the processes of basic physiology, host immunity, and neurological impairments and further reflected vital regulatory roles of miRNA in viral pathogenicity. Finally, the construction of a miRNA-regulated network also suggested that the complex regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs might be involved in viral pathogenesis and virus-host interactions during CV-A10 infection. Furthermore, among these dysregulated miRNAs, miR-143-3p was demonstrated to be involved in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fengxian Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengxiong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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5
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Agner SC, Brier LM, Hill J, Liu E, Bice A, Rahn RM, Culver JP, Klein RS. Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.06.547991. [PMID: 37461558 PMCID: PMC10350085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.547991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the lifespan have been described during outbreaks in Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America since 2016. In the adult CNS ZIKV tropism for neurons is tightly linked to its effects, with neuronal loss within the hippocampus during acute infection and protracted synapse loss during recovery, which is associated with cognitive deficits. The effects of ZIKV on cortical networks have not been evaluated. Although animal behavior assays have been used previously to model cognitive impairment, in vivo brain imaging can provide orthogonal information regarding the health of brain networks in real time, providing a tool to translate findings in animal models to humans. In this study, we use widefield optical imaging to measure cortical functional connectivity (FC) in mice during acute infection with, and recovery from, intracranial infection with a mouse-adapted strain of ZIKV. Acute ZIKV infection leads to high levels of myeloid cell activation, with loss of neurons and presynaptic termini in the cerebral cortex and associated loss of FC primarily within the somatosensory cortex. During recovery, neuron numbers, synapses and FC recover to levels near those of healthy mice. However, hippocampal injury and impaired spatial cognition persist. The magnitude of activated myeloid cells during acute infection predicted both recovery of synapses and the degree of FC recovery after recovery from ZIKV infection. These findings suggest that a robust inflammatory response may contribute to the health of functional brain networks after recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon C. Agner
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Brier
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy Hill
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan Liu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annie Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn S. Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Lake J, Warly Solsberg C, Kim JJ, Acosta-Uribe J, Makarious MB, Li Z, Levine K, Heutink P, Alvarado CX, Vitale D, Kang S, Gim J, Lee KH, Pina-Escudero SD, Ferrucci L, Singleton AB, Blauwendraat C, Nalls MA, Yokoyama JS, Leonard HL. Multi-ancestry meta-analysis and fine-mapping in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3121-3132. [PMID: 37198259 PMCID: PMC10615750 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease are predominantly carried out in European ancestry individuals despite the known variation in genetic architecture and disease prevalence across global populations. We leveraged published GWAS summary statistics from European, East Asian, and African American populations, and an additional GWAS from a Caribbean Hispanic population using previously reported genotype data to perform the largest multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias to date. This method allowed us to identify two independent novel disease-associated loci on chromosome 3. We also leveraged diverse haplotype structures to fine-map nine loci with a posterior probability >0.8 and globally assessed the heterogeneity of known risk factors across populations. Additionally, we compared the generalizability of multi-ancestry- and single-ancestry-derived polygenic risk scores in a three-way admixed Colombian population. Our findings highlight the importance of multi-ancestry representation in uncovering and understanding putative factors that contribute to risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lake
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonggeol Jeffrey Kim
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Centre for Prevention Diagnosis and Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Juliana Acosta-Uribe
- Neuroscience Research Institute and the department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zizheng Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Levine
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- Alector, Inc. 131 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chelsea X Alvarado
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dan Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarang Kang
- Gwangju Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- BK FOUR Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea
| | - Stefanie D Pina-Escudero
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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Hopkins HK, Traverse EM, Barr KL. Viral Parkinsonism: An underdiagnosed neurological complication of Dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010118. [PMID: 35139081 PMCID: PMC8827468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus that is a significant cause of human disease costing billions of dollars per year in medical and mosquito control costs. It is estimated that up to 20% of DENV infections affect the brain. Incidence of DENV infections is increasing, which suggests more people are at risk of developing neurological complications. The most common neurological manifestations of DENV are encephalitis and encephalopathy, and movement disorders such as parkinsonism have been observed. Parkinsonism describes syndromes similar to Parkinson’s Disease where tremors, stiffness, and slow movements are observed. Parkinsonism caused by viral infection is characterized by patients exhibiting at least two of the following symptoms: tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. To investigate DENV-associated parkinsonism, case studies and reports of DENV-associated parkinsonism were obtained from peer-reviewed manuscripts and gray literature. Seven reports of clinically diagnosed DENV-associated parkinsonism and 15 cases of DENV encephalitis, where the patient met the case criteria for a diagnosis of viral parkinsonism were found. Clinically diagnosed DENV-associated parkinsonism patients were more likely to be male and exhibit expressionless face, speech problems, and lymphocytosis. Suspected patients were more likely to exhibit tremor, have thrombocytopenia and low hemoglobin. Viral parkinsonism can cause a permanent reduction in neurons with consequential cognitive and behavior changes, or it can leave a latent imprint in the brain that can cause neurological dysfunction decades after recovery. DENV-associated parkinsonism is underdiagnosed and better adherence to the case definition of viral parkinsonism is needed for proper management of potential sequalae especially if the patient has an ongoing or potential to develop a neurodegenerative disease. Dengue Virus (DENV) causes generalized fever in most patients and is transmitted via Aedes aegypti mosquitos. A small proportion of DENV infected patients have neurological complications associated with the critical phase of the illness. The usual neurological manifestations are encephalitis and encephalopathy, but there can also be movement disorders such as parkinsonism. DENV patients with parkinsonism present with tremor, bradykinesia, instability, and rigidity on top of the typical febrile manifestations of the disease. We searched the literature and uncovered 7 cases of clinically diagnosed DENV parkinsonism patients and 15 cases of suspected DENV parkinsonism. We found that the clinically diagnosed patients were more likely to be male, have expressionless face, speech issues and lymphocytosis. The suspected cases often had a diagnosis of encephalitis and were more likely to have tremors, thrombocytopenia, and low hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Hopkins
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Traverse
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kelli L. Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Caldwell M, Boruah AP, Thakur KT. Acute neurologic emerging flaviviruses. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221102664. [PMID: 35719177 PMCID: PMC9198421 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the challenges we face as a global society in preventing and containing emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Multiple intersecting factors, including environmental changes, host immunological factors, and pathogen dynamics, are intimately connected to the emergence and re-emergence of communicable diseases. There is a large and expanding list of communicable diseases that can cause neurological damage, either through direct or indirect routes. Novel pathogens of neurotropic potential have been identified through advanced diagnostic techniques, including metagenomic next-generation sequencing, but there are also known pathogens which have expanded their geographic distribution to infect non-immune individuals. Factors including population growth, climate change, the increase in animal and human interface, and an increase in international travel and trade are contributing to the expansion of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Challenges exist around antimicrobial misuse giving rise to antimicrobial-resistant infectious neurotropic organisms and increased susceptibility to infection related to the expanded use of immunomodulatory treatments. In this article, we will review key concepts around emerging and re-emerging pathogens and discuss factors associated with neurotropism and neuroinvasion. We highlight several neurotropic pathogens of interest, including West Nile virus (WNV), Zika Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). We emphasize neuroinfectious diseases which impact the central nervous system (CNS) and focus on flaviviruses, a group of vector-borne pathogens that have expanded globally in recent years and have proven capable of widespread outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Caldwell
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhilasha P Boruah
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (CUIMC/NYP), New York, NY, USA
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Division of Critical Care and Hospitalist Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (CUIMC/NYP), 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Milstein Hospital, 8GS-300, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hirschenberger M, Hunszinger V, Sparrer KMJ. Implications of Innate Immunity in Post-Acute Sequelae of Non-Persistent Viral Infections. Cells 2021; 10:2134. [PMID: 34440903 PMCID: PMC8391718 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-persistent viruses classically cause transient, acute infections triggering immune responses aimed at the elimination of the pathogen. Successful viruses evolved strategies to manipulate and evade these anti-viral defenses. Symptoms during the acute phase are often linked to dysregulated immune responses that disappear once the patient recovers. In some patients, however, symptoms persist or new symptoms emerge beyond the acute phase. Conditions resulting from previous transient infection are termed post-acute sequelae (PAS) and were reported for a wide range of non-persistent viruses such as rota-, influenza- or polioviruses. Here we provide an overview of non-persistent viral pathogens reported to be associated with diverse PAS, among them chronic fatigue, auto-immune disorders, or neurological complications and highlight known mechanistic details. Recently, the emergence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID highlighted the impact of PAS. Notably, PAS of non-persistent infections often resemble symptoms of persistent viral infections, defined by chronic inflammation. Inflammation maintained after the acute phase may be a key driver of PAS of non-persistent viruses. Therefore, we explore current insights into aberrant activation of innate immune signaling pathways in the post-acute phase of non-persistent viruses. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future perspectives for treatment and prevention of PAS are discussed.
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West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Accelerating Probable Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2020; 35:269-270. [PMID: 32809984 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of dementia with Lewy bodies immediately following encephalitis due to West Nile virus (WNV). The patient had rapid eye movement-sleep behavior disorder and constipation before the onset of encephalitis, which suggests that he would have ultimately developed dementia with Lewy bodies even without WNV infection. Our case illustrates the interactions between α-synuclein and WNV, as observed in mouse models, wherein synuclein expression augments after WNV infection and protects neurons against the virus.
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