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Jiang L, Li J, Ji K, Lei L, Li H. MAT2A inhibition suppresses inflammation in Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected human gingival fibroblasts. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 16:2292375. [PMID: 38130504 PMCID: PMC10732205 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2292375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methionine adenosyl transferase II alpha (MAT2A) is the key enzyme to transform methionine into S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the main methylgroup donor involved in the methylation. The purpose of our study wasto explore whether MAT2A-mediated methionine metabolism affected theexpression of inflammatory cytokines in human gingival fibroblasts(hGFs). Methods Both healthy and inflamed human gingiva were collected. HGFs werecultured and treated with P. gingivalis, with or without MAT2Ainhibitor (PF9366), small interference RNA (siRNA), or extrinsic SAMpretreatment. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected byreal-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA. SAM levels were detectedby ELISA. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activatedprotein kinase (MAPK) pathway was explored by western blotting. Results The expression of MAT2A was increased in the inflamed tissues. P.gingivalis infection promoted the expression of MAT2A and SAM inhGFs. Meanwhile, PF9366 and MAT2A-knockdown significantly decreasedexpression of inflammatory cytokines and SAM production. PF9366inhibited activation of NF-κB/MAPK pathway in P. gingivalis-treatedhGFs. Conclusions MAT2A-mediated methionine metabolism promoted P. gingivalis-inducedinflammation in hGFs. Targeting MAT2A may provide a novel therapeuticmethod for modulating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Jiang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Zhang M, Mi N, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y. Advances in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on oral bacteria. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291455. [PMID: 38156323 PMCID: PMC10754487 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global population undergoing demographic shift towards aging, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prominent neurodegenerative disorder that primarily afflicts individuals aged 65 and above, has increased across various geographical regions. This phenomenon is accompanied by a concomitant decline in immune functionality and oral hygiene capacity among the elderly, precipitating compromised oral functionality and an augmented burden of dental plaque. Accordingly, oral afflictions, including dental caries and periodontal disease, manifest with frequency among the geriatric population worldwide. Recent scientific investigations have unveiled the potential role of oral bacteria in instigating both local and systemic chronic inflammation, thereby delineating a putative nexus between oral health and the genesis and progression of AD. They further proposed the oral microbiome as a potentially modifiable risk factor in AD development, although the precise pathological mechanisms and degree of association have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes current research on the relationship between oral bacteria and AD, describing the epidemiological and pathological mechanisms that may potentially link them. The purpose is to enrich early diagnostic approaches by incorporating emerging biomarkers, offering novel insights for clinicians in the early detection of AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of vaccination strategies and guidance for clinical pharmacotherapy. It proposes the development of maintenance measures specifically targeting oral health in older adults and advocates for guiding elderly patients in adopting healthy lifestyle habits, ultimately aiming to indirectly mitigate the progression of AD while promoting oral health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Chang JW, Bi J, Owen G, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Wiebe C, Tarzemany R, Larjava H. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of adherent bacterial biofilms associated with peri-implantitis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:586-595. [PMID: 37157917 PMCID: PMC10441592 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peri-implantitis (PI) is caused by bacteria in the peri-implant space but the consensus on microbial profile is still lacking. Current microbial sampling of PI lesions has largely focused on analyzing bacterial species that have been shed from the implant surface and captured in the pocket fluid. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the morphotypes of bacteria in biofilm covering the implant threads and explore whether certain morphotypes were associated with PI. METHODS Fourteen failed implants were removed and instantly processed for scanning electron microscope analysis. The implants were imaged at three equally divided sub-crestal levels of the exposed area. Bacterial morphotypes were identified and quantified by three examiners. Mobility and years in function were correlated to the presence of different morphotypes. RESULTS The implants demonstrated the presence of variable bacterial morphotypes that did not correlate to disease progression in our study. Some implants were dominated by filaments and others showed the presence of combinations of cocci/rods or spirilles/spirochetes. In general, all implants showed variable morphologic biofilm composition. However, individual implants tended to have similar composition throughout the entire implant. Rods and filaments were dominant morphotypes throughout the surfaces and cocci showed increased presence toward the apical third. There were some differences in the biofilm morphology with mobility and time in function. CONCLUSIONS The profiles of bacterial biofilm morphotypes in failing implants with similar clinical presentations were highly variable. While there were significant differences between implants, similar morphotypes in individual implants were often found throughout the entire surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W. Chang
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Gethin Owen
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Colin Wiebe
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rana Tarzemany
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Division of Periodontics, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Abola I, Gudra D, Ustinova M, Fridmanis D, Emulina DE, Skadins I, Brinkmane A, Lauga-Tunina U, Gailite L, Auzenbaha M. Oral Microbiome Traits of Type 1 Diabetes and Phenylketonuria Patients in Latvia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1471. [PMID: 37374973 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Some metabolic disorder treatments require patients to follow a specific diet or to consume supplements that, over time, can lead to oral microbiome alterations. Well-known disorders requiring such treatment are phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of amino acid metabolism, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), a metabolic disorder that requires a specific diet regimen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral health and microbiome characteristics that might contribute to caries activity and periodontal disease risk in PKU and T1D patients. In this cross-sectional study, 45 PKU patients, 24 T1D patients, and 61 healthy individuals between the ages of 12 and 53 years were examined. Their anamnestic data and dental status were assessed by one dentist. Microbial communities were detected from saliva-isolated DNA using 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 sequencing on Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Results revealed that the PKU patient group displayed the highest number of extracted teeth (on average 1.34), carious teeth (on average 4.95), and carious activity (44.44% of individuals) compared to the T1D and CTRL groups. The lowest numbers of filled teeth (on average 5.33) and extracted teeth (on average 0.63) per individual were observed in T1D patients. Gingivitis appeared more often in the T1D group; however, possible risk of periodontal disease was seen in both the T1D and PKU patient groups. The highest number of differentially abundant genera was detected in the PKU group (n = 20), with enrichment of Actinomyces (padj = 4.17 × 10-22), Capnocytophaga (padj = 8.53 × 10-8), and Porphyromonas (padj = 1.18 × 10-5) compared to the CTRL group. In conclusion, the dental and periodontal health of PKU patients was found to be significantly inferior compared to T1D patients and healthy controls. T1D patients showed early signs of periodontal disease. Several genera that correlate with periodontal disease development were found in both groups, thus suggesting that T1D and PKU patients should seek early and regular dental advice and be educated about proper oral hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Abola
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dita Gudra
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Ustinova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ingus Skadins
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Brinkmane
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Una Lauga-Tunina
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Gailite
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Auzenbaha
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Clinic of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Children's Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders, Children's Clinical University Hospital, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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5
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Eltay EG, Van Dyke T. Resolution of inflammation in oral diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108453. [PMID: 37244405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an essential endogenous process that protects host tissues from an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response. Multiple interactions between host cells and resident oral microbiome regulate the protective functions that lead to inflammation in the oral cavity. Failure of appropriate regulation of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases that result from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators. Thus, failure of the host to resolve inflammation can be considered an essential pathological mechanism for progression from the late stages of acute inflammation to a chronic inflammatory response. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived autacoid mediators, aid in regulating the endogenous inflammation resolving process by stimulating immune cell-mediated clearance of apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, cellular debris, and microbes, restricting further neutrophil tissue infiltration, and counter-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The SPM superfamily contains four specialized lipid mediator families: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that can activate resolution pathways. Understanding the crosstalk between resolution signals in the tissue response to injury has therapeutic application potential for preventing, maintaining, and regenerating chronically damaged tissues. Here, we discuss the fundamental concepts of resolution as an active biochemical process, novel concepts demonstrating the role of resolution mediators in tissue regeneration in periodontal and pulpal diseases, and future directions for therapeutic applications with particular emphasis on periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiba G Eltay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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Wang J, Yang J, Xia W, Zhang M, Tang H, Wang K, Zhou C, Qian L, Fan Y. Escherichia coli enhances Th17/Treg imbalance via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in oral lichen planus. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110175. [PMID: 37058754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated immunoinflammatory disease. Several studies have proposed that Escherichia coli (E. coli) may participate in the progress of OLP. In this study, we examined the functional role of E. coli and its supernatant via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappab (NF-κB) signaling pathway in regulating T helper (Th) 17/ regulatory T (Treg) balance and related cytokines and chemokines profile in OLP immune microenvironment. We discovered that E. coli and supernatant could activate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and OLP-derived T cells and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 17 and CCL20, thereby increasing the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (RoRγt) and the proportion of Th17 cells. Furthermore, the co-culture experiment revealed that HOKs treated with E. coli and supernatant increased T cell proliferation and migration, which promoted HOKs apoptosis. TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) successfully reversed the effect of E. coli and its supernatant. Consequently, E. coli and supernatant activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in HOKs and OLP-derived T cells, leading to increased cytokines and chemokines expression and Th17/Treg imbalance in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Lamphere AK, Nieto VK, Kiser JR, Haddlesey CB. Potential mechanisms between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE : CJDH = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE L'HYGIENE DENTAIRE : JCHD 2023; 57:52-60. [PMID: 36968797 PMCID: PMC10032644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Research has suggested 2 potential mechanisms by which the periodontal inflammatory response may communicate to distant organs: 1) direct translocation of periodontal bacteria from the oral cavity to another organ system; and 2) inflammation as a result of metastatic periodontal inflammation. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore these mechanisms as potential mediators between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. Methods A reiterative literature search of peer-reviewed articles was performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases using keywords or combinations such as Alzheimer's disease AND periodontitis OR periodontal disease AND inflammation. Results A total of 777 articles were identified. After eliminating duplicates and reviewing titles and abstracts, 84 articles were selected for full-text review. Following full-text review, 19 articles met the eligibility criteria for the study. Discussion The review of the literature highlights how periodontitis may contribute to neuroinflammation by the introduction of periodontal bacteria and/or proinflammatory cytokines locally produced at the periodontium. Conclusion Inflammation is an important mechanism in the onset and progression of both periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to better understand the multifactorial pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrielle K Lamphere
- Assistant clinical professor in dentistry, University of Indiana School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Valerie K Nieto
- Clinical lecturer in dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica R Kiser
- Adjunct clinical lecturer in dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris B Haddlesey
- Adjunct clinical lecturer in dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang X, Xu M, Xue Q, He Y. A modified method for constructing experimental rat periodontitis model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1098015. [PMID: 36714614 PMCID: PMC9873956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1098015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a prevalent disease caused teeth lost. The present rat models inducing periodontitis with thread ligature and metal steel ligature have some disadvantages. Methods: We modified the existing rat ligature periodontitis model by fixing the thread ligature on the metal steel ligature passed through the gap between the first and second molars of rats with detailed modeling steps and illustrations. We research the pathological process of the periodontitis induced by the modified model, and briefly compared the modified model with the thread ligature model and the metal steel ligature model. Result: Our experimental results showed that there was an aggravation in inflammatory infiltration and alveolar bone resorption in modeling area within 14 days of initial induction. After that, the inflammatory infiltration was reduced. And no significant increase in alveolar bone destruction appeared. The modified model was more reliable compared to the thread ligature model, and had greater ability of bacterial aggregation compared to the metal steel ligature model. Conclusion: The modified method covered pathological process of the periodontitis, and showed sufficient efficiency and reliability in inducing rat periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minglu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yao He,
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Ābola I, Emuliņa DE, Skadiņš I, Brinkmane A, Gailīte L, Auzenbaha M. Dental Status and Periodontal Health of Patients with Phenylketonuria in Latvia. Acta Stomatol Croat 2022; 56:109-119. [PMID: 35821726 PMCID: PMC9262113 DOI: 10.15644/asc56/2/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of phenylalanine metabolism resulting from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental status and periodontal health of PKU patients in Latvia. Material and Methods Forty-five PKU patients and age/sex-matched controls were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Their anamnestic data, periodontal health and dental status were assessed by one experienced dentist. Results Dental and periodontal clinical evaluation revealed that the median number of filled teeth was significantly smaller among PKU patients compared to the control group (p=0.021). PKU patients had a significantly larger median number of carious teeth than their healthy counterparts (p<0.001). Significant differences between the PKU and control groups were observed for several oral hygiene indices (p<0.001): Silness-Löe plaque index, OR=29.3 (95% CI: 3.7-232.4); CPITN index, OR=35.2 (95% CI: 4.5-278.3); Greene-Vermillion index, OR=10.2 (95% CI: 2.8-38.0); calculus removal necessity, OR=12.3 (95% CI: 3.3-45.4). Conclusion Dental status and periodontal health of PKU patients was found to be significantly inferior compared to healthy controls. This is likely due to the regular consumption of PKU formula and the difficulties which mentally and/or physically disabled PKU patients experience with their oral hygiene. To prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease, PKU patients should visit a professional oral hygienist every three to six months. Furthermore, they should adopt the habit of rinsing their mouth with water immediately after consuming PKU formula to counteract the acidity in their oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Ābola
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | | | - Ingus Skadiņš
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Anda Brinkmane
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Linda Gailīte
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Madara Auzenbaha
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
- Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Rīga, Latvia
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Solomon SM, Stafie CS, Sufaru IG, Teslaru S, Ghiciuc CM, Petrariu FD, Tanculescu O. Curcumin as a Natural Approach of Periodontal Adjunctive Treatment and Its Immunological Implications: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaling and root planing represent the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease, but these therapeutic methods cannot eliminate the remaining periodontopathogenic bacteria in cement, tubules, and periodontal soft tissue. Thus, a number of additional therapeutic means have been adopted, including local and systemic antibiotic therapy, as well as the use of photodynamic therapy techniques. Recently, special attention has been paid to potential phytotherapeutic means in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this review, we aim to present the effects generated by the extract of Curcuma longa, the various forms of application of turmeric as an additional therapeutic means, as well as the aspects related to its biotolerance.
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Curcumin as a Natural Approach of Periodontal Adjunctive Treatment and Its Immunological Implications: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050982. [PMID: 35631567 PMCID: PMC9143680 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaling and root planing represent the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal disease, but these therapeutic methods cannot eliminate the remaining periodontopathogenic bacteria in cement, tubules, and periodontal soft tissue. Thus, a number of additional therapeutic means have been adopted, including local and systemic antibiotic therapy, as well as the use of photodynamic therapy techniques. Recently, special attention has been paid to potential phytotherapeutic means in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this review, we aim to present the effects generated by the extract of Curcuma longa, the various forms of application of turmeric as an additional therapeutic means, as well as the aspects related to its biotolerance.
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Jungbauer G, Stähli A, Zhu X, Auber Alberi L, Sculean A, Eick S. Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease - A causative relationship? Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:59-82. [PMID: 35244967 PMCID: PMC9314828 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the initiation or exacerbation of Alzheimer disease, the dissemination of oral microorganisms into the brain tissue or the low‐level systemic inflammation have been speculated to play a role. However, the impact of oral microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and the potential causative relationship is still unclear. The present review has critically reviewed the literature by examining the following aspects: (a) the oral microbiome and the immune response in the elderly population, (b) human studies on the association between periodontal and gut microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, (c) animal and in vitro studies on microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, and (d) preventive and therapeutic approaches. Factors contributing to microbial dysbiosis seem to be aging, local inflammation, systemic diseases, wearing of dentures, living in nursing homes and no access to adequate oral hygiene measures. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detectable in post‐mortem brain samples. Microbiome analyses of saliva samples or oral biofilms showed a decreased microbial diversity and a different composition in Alzheimer disease compared to cognitively healthy subjects. Many in‐vitro and animal studies underline the potential of P gingivalis to induce Alzheimer disease‐related alterations. In animal models, recurring applications of P gingivalis or its components increased pro‐inflammatory mediators and β‐amyloid in the brain and deteriorated the animals' cognitive performance. Since periodontitis is the result of a disturbed microbial homoeostasis, an effect of periodontal therapy on the oral microbiome and host response related to cognitive parameters may be suggested and should be elucidated in further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Jungbauer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Private Dental Practice, Straubing, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xilei Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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