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Tsigkaropoulou E, Michopoulos I, Porichi E, Dafnas K, Serretti A, Ferentinos P. Temperament and character dimensions explain self-reported resilience deficits in patients with affective disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:59-69. [PMID: 37351577 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study exploring how temperament and character personality dimensions impact self-reported resilience in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We included 130 euthymic patients with affective disorders (AFD; 66 MDD and 64 BD) and 134 healthy controls (HC). Connor and Davidson resilience scale and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140) were administered. Multiple linear regressions and interaction analyses were performed. Mediation analyses examined if personality dimensions explained group differences in resilience. Resilience was lower in MDD and BD vs. HC and in MDD vs. BD, adjusting for sex, age and education. Higher resilience was predicted by lower harm avoidance (HA) and higher persistence (P) in AFD and MDD, lower HA in BD and higher P and self-directedness (SD) in HC. However, only HA and P had a group-specific effect on resilience in AFD vs. HC. In mediation analyses, specific TCI dimensions at least partially explained differences in resilience: HA, P and SD in AFD or MDD vs. HC; SD in BD vs. HC; P in BD vs. MDD. Concludingly, two temperament traits (HA, P) and a character trait (SD) predict resilience in AFD. Focusing on personality could identify sources of compromised resilience as potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Tsigkaropoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Porichi
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafnas
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Matkovic H, Brajkovic L, Kopilaš V. Psychosocial Factors of Subjective Well-Being in Women with Eating Disorders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:594. [PMID: 37504041 PMCID: PMC10376748 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders are known as the most lethal mental health conditions, and lately there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of these disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the perceived quality of professional support, the relationship between subjective well-being, loneliness, resilience, and the quality of family functioning, and the possibility of predicting subjective well-being based on knowledge of psychosocial factors in people with eating disorders. Eighty-six women with a diagnosed eating disorder participated in the online survey. The Diener Subjective Well-Being Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Self-Report Family Inventory were used to measure the constructs. Questions were constructed to collect information about the perceived quality and availability of professional support. Results showed lower levels of life satisfaction and flourishing and more frequent negative experiences. Reports of medium levels of loneliness, lower levels of flourishing, and lower perceived quality of family functioning were also obtained. Significant predictors of subjective well-being were loneliness and resilience, while family cohesion was significant in predicting positive and negative experiences and flourishing. These findings can contribute to the recognition of aspects existent prior to the development of the disorder, based on which experts can determine what to focus on in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Matkovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Brajkovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Kopilaš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Aleksic V, Milic M, Jeremic B, Gasic M, Dotlic J, Stevanovic J, Arsovic A, Gazibara T. Associations of personality traits with night eating among students in health sciences who live in a post-conflict setting. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36855995 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2180384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The intake of food later in the evening can have harmful health consequences. Some researchers suggest that having certain personality characteristics may be associated with the onset of eating disorders. There is a lack of studies on personality traits and night eating in a complex socio-political setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between personality traits and more intense night eating among students in northern Kosovo. A cross-section study was conducted in a population of health science students at the University in Kosovska Mitrovica. Students completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), HEXACO-60 personality inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The independent variables (exposures) were the six domains of the HEXACO-60 (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience). The study outcome was the NEQ score. The study sample consisted of 534 students. The prevalence of night eating syndrome was 3.0%. The multivariate linear regression model suggested that stronger Extraversion and Openness to Experience were associated with more frequent night eating. Additionally, later bedtime, poorer sleep quality and higher scores on BDI and BAI were associated with more frequent night eating across all six models of models of personality traits. In a population of health science students who live in a complex socio-political environment, extraversion and openness to experience traits were associated with more frequent night eating. These findings could help researchers and clinicians tailor specific behavioral therapies to match the personality traits of people with night eating issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojkan Aleksic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Education, Secondary School for Nursing, Cuprija, Serbia
| | - Marija Milic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia.,Department of Prevention and Control, Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Jeremic
- Department of Education, Secondary School for Nursing, Cuprija, Serbia
| | - Milos Gasic
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stevanovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Temporarily Seated in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsovic
- Department of Primary Prevention, The Deparment of Prevention The Military Medical Academy of the University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Low resilience in severe obesity: marker of adverse childhood experiences and current psychological disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3507-3519. [PMID: 36209466 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological disorders, early-age psychological traumas and eating disorders may contribute to the development of severe obesity in vulnerable individuals. Resilience may serve a protective role against binge eating disorder or depression. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE), resilience, and current psychological disorders. It also examined whether resilience plays a protective role in this pathway in a cohort of patients seeking bariatric surgery. METHODS Two hundred patients (153 women, 47 men) with severe obesity scheduled for bariatric surgery at the CHRU Nancy were included between September 2016 and April 2017. Participants completed the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) questionnaire and underwent a structured interview on ACE and current psychological disorders. RESULTS Mean total RSA score was 5.16 ± 0.87. The most frequent ACE were emotional neglect (90.5%) and emotional abuse (61%); 96% reported at least one ACE; 67% presented at least one current psychological disorder, the most frequent being anxiety (36%) and BED (35%). The number of psychological disorders, cumulative ACE and age explained 19.5% of the variance in total RSA score (p < 0.0001; adjusted R2 = 0.19). The association of cumulative ACE and number of psychological disorders was mediated by resilience. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that resilience is a relevant component of the psychosocial phenotype of severe obesity in bariatric surgery candidates. Resilience seems to play a partly mediation role in the relationship between ACE and psychological disorders. Low resilience becomes a marker that underscores the necessity to examine in greater depth ACE and psychological disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, cohort analytic study.
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Investigation of Loneliness and Social Support in Patients with Eating Disorders: A Case-Control Study. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and, to a lesser degree, social support are considered under-researched topics in the literature on eating disorders (ED). This study attempted to expand the relevant body of research by examining loneliness in combination with social support in ED patients and in healthy controls (HC). Binge-eating problems, emotional eating, resilience, anxiety, and depression symptoms were also assessed. Thirty-two patients with ED and twenty-nine HC completed the following measures: UCLA Loneliness Scale, Social Support Questionnaire—Short Form, Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Eating Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Eating-disorder patients showed higher levels of loneliness and lower levels of social support—both in terms of perceived availability and satisfaction—than HC. Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) subgroups did not differ significantly on either of these variables. In ED patients, loneliness was only correlated with Social Support Satisfaction (negatively) and depressive symptomatology (positively). Patients with ED appear to be lonelier and less satisfied with their social support compared to HC. We found similar levels of loneliness and social support between AN, BN, and BED sufferers. Decreased social support satisfaction and elevated symptoms of depression could account for ED patients’ high levels of loneliness.
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Robert M, Shankland R, Andreeva VA, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Kesse-Guyot E, Bellicha A, Leys C, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Péneau S. Resilience Is Associated with Less Eating Disorder Symptoms in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031471. [PMID: 35162494 PMCID: PMC8834745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a positive psychological trait associated with a lower risk of some physical and mental chronic diseases and could be an important protective factor against eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study was to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between resilience and ED in a large cohort of French adults. In 2017, a total of 25,000 adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort completed the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). ED symptoms were measured in 2017 and 2020, with the Sick-Control-One-Fat-Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between resilience and EDs were analyzed using logistic regression, controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Cross-sectional analyses showed that more resilient participants exhibited EDs less frequently than did less resilient participants (p < 0.0001). Longitudinal analyses showed that, during the three years of follow up, higher resilience was negatively associated with incident EDs (OR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.61–0.74), persistent EDs (0.46 (0.42–0.51)), and intermittent EDs (0.66 (0.62–0.71)), compared with no ED. More resilient participants were also less likely to have a persistent ED than to recover from EDs (0.73 (0.65–0.82)). This study showed that resilience was associated with less ED symptoms and a higher chance of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Robert
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-4838-7378
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- Laboratoire DIPHE (Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Education), Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Valentina A. Andreeva
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Bellicha
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Christophe Leys
- Service D’analyse des Donnees (SAD), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
- Département de Santé Publique, Avicenne Hospital, 97017 Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques–Université de Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; (V.A.A.); (M.D.-T.); (E.K.-G.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (M.T.); (S.P.)
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Isaksson M, Ghaderi A, Wolf-Arehult M, Ramklint M. Overcontrolled, undercontrolled, and resilient personality styles among patients with eating disorders. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:47. [PMID: 33863394 PMCID: PMC8052746 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality has been suggested to be an important factor in understanding onset, maintenance, and recovery from eating disorders (ED). The objective of the current study was to evaluate personality style in different ED diagnostic groups as classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5). METHODS The overcontrolled, undercontrolled, and resilient personality styles were compared in four groups of patients with EDs: anorexia nervosa restricting (ANr) (n = 34), anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging (ANbp) (n = 31), atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) (n = 29), and bulimia nervosa (BN) (n = 76). These groups were compared with a group of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) (n = 108), and a non-clinical group (NC) (n = 444). Patient data were collected at two outpatient clinics in Uppsala, Sweden. NC control data were collected through convenience sampling. Participants filled out questionnaires assessing personality style. RESULTS The main findings were more pronounced overcontrol reported by the ANr and AAN groups compared with the BN, BPD, and NC groups, and no significant difference in resilience between the ED and the NC groups. Considerable variability of over- and undercontrol was also found within each group. CONCLUSIONS The results replicate previous findings when EDs are classified according to current diagnostic criteria (DSM-5). Taking personality styles into account may improve our understanding of certain characteristics in EDs, such as social deficits and rigidity that are attributed to poor treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Isaksson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Centre for Eating Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Wolf-Arehult
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Psychiatry Northwest, Region Stockholm, Clinical Management, PO Box 98, SE-191 22, Sollentuna, Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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