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Daniels AM, Law JK, Green Snyder L, Diehl K, Goin-Kochel RP, Feliciano P, Chung WK. Effectiveness of multimodal participant recruitment in SPARK, a large, online longitudinal research study of autism. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 8:e64. [PMID: 38655455 PMCID: PMC11036434 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background SPARK launched in 2016 to build a US cohort of autistic individuals and their family members. Enrollment includes online consent to share data and optional consent to provide saliva for genomic analysis. SPARK's recruitment strategies include social media and support of a nation-wide network of clinical sites. This study evaluates SPARK's recruitment strategies to enroll a core study population. Methods Individuals who joined between January 31, 2018, and May 29, 2019 were included in the analysis. Data include sociodemographic characteristics, clinical site referral, the website URL used to join, how the participant heard about SPARK, enrollment completion (online registration, study consents, and returning saliva sample), and completion of the baseline questionnaire. Logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the odds of core participant status (completing enrollment and baseline questionnaire) by recruitment strategy. Results In total, 31,715 individuals joined during the study period, including 40% through a clinical site. Overall, 88% completed online registration, 46% returned saliva, and 38% were core participants. Those referred by a clinical site were almost twice as likely to be core participants. Those who directly visited the SPARK website or performed a Google search were more likely to be core participants than those who joined through social media. Discussion Being a core participant may be associated with the "personal" connection and support provided by a clinical site and/or site staff, as well as greater motivation to seek research opportunities. Findings from this study underscore the value of adopting a multimodal recruitment approach that combines social media and a physical presence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Kiely Law
- Simons Foundation, New York, NY,
USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore,
MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
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Hayes T, Sharma M. Applying the integrated marketing communication approach to recruit and retain African American women. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 11:460-466. [PMID: 35079591 PMCID: PMC8767075 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Researchers use multiple approaches to engage and maintain underrepresented populations in research. They often overlook integrated marketing communication (IMC), a useful approach for commercial marketing, for more established health promotion and social marketing techniques. There is limited information on the application of the IMC approach for recruiting and retaining African American study participants. This article explores the IMC approach used to recruit and retain volunteers for a community-based intervention. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study relying on extracted data from the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Physical Activity intervention. A brief multiple-choice survey was administered to a sample of African American women (n=74) to assess the effectiveness of applying an IMC approach for recruiting and retaining volunteers for the multi-week program during January - June 2018. The measures were (1) source for study information, (2) preferred method of contact, (3) primary source for health information. Results: Sixty-nine women listed their doctor as the primary source of health information and five women in the age group 18-34 identified social media (n=3) and websites (n=2). Age is significantly related to the preference of communication tools used to recruit and retain the African American participants. A statistical significance (P =0.025) suggests for women ages 51-69, a combination of radio, church, and word of mouth was more effective for recruitment. The older women preferred telephone calls compared to the women ages 18-50 who relied on texting. Conclusion: IMC can synergize individual communication elements in a coordinated manner to address niche audiences and develop cost-effective health communications programs that can improve recruitment and retention efforts in minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci Hayes
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
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Beech BM, Bruce MA, Cohen-Winans S, Harris K, Jones R, Tyrone RS, Thorpe RJ. Weight Misperception among African American Adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study. Ethn Dis 2021; 31:461-468. [PMID: 34295134 DOI: 10.18865/ed.31.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight misperception is a common problem among adolescents; however, few studies have examined contributing factors among an exclusively African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with weight misperception among 12- to 19-year-old participants in the Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study (JHS-KIDS). Methods Data were drawn from JHS-KIDS, a prospective, observational examination of cardiovascular-related risk factors among African American adolescents who were children or grandchildren of participants in the Jackson Heart Study. Adolescent weight misperception - discordance between measured weight status and perceived weight status - was the primary outcome of interest. Self-reported weight control behaviors, parent concerns about adolescents' weight, parent-perceived responsibility for adolescent's weight and daily hassles were the primary independent variables of interest. Results The analytic sample was equally divided by females (n=107) and males (n=105) and one third of study participants (33.5%) had discordance between their actual and perceived weight. Results from fully adjusted sex-stratified modified Poisson regression models indicated that weight behavior control was significant among females (PR = .66, 95%CI:1.20-2.30). Parental concerns about child weight were significant for males. Each additional point increase in the parent's concern about their weight score was associated with a 9% increase in the adjusted prevalence of weight misperception among males (95%CI: 1.03-1.16). Conclusions The sex-specific patterns in this study highlight heterogeneity among African American adolescents and an urgent need to consider sex and gender when developing targeted interventions for youth who are at high risk for weight misperceptions and unhealthy weight control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Beech
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX.,Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Program for Research on Faith, Justice, and Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marino A Bruce
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Program for Research on Faith, Justice, and Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX.,Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Samantha Cohen-Winans
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS
| | - Kisa Harris
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Raymond Jones
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rachel S Tyrone
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Program for Research on Faith, Justice, and Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Bruce MA, Beech BM, Wilder T, Burton ET, Sheats JL, Norris KC, Thorpe RJ. Religiosity and Excess Weight Among African-American Adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:223-233. [PMID: 30649707 PMCID: PMC8559570 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that religion and spirituality can yield health benefits for young African-Americans. We examined the relationship between religious practices, spirituality, and excess weight among African-American adolescents (N = 212) residing in the Deep South. Results from modified Poisson regression analysis indicate that adolescents who prayed daily had a lower prevalence of excess weight (PR 0.77 [95% CI 0.62-0.96]) than those who did not. This relationship was only significant for 12-15 year-old participants in age-stratified analysis. These findings suggest that preventive interventions offered to children and younger adolescents can have implications for weight status across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino A Bruce
- Program for Research on Faith and Health, Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37235-1665, USA.
- Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Myrlie Evers Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Myrlie Evers Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Tanganyika Wilder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - E Thomaseo Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jylana L Sheats
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Myrlie Evers Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- David C. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Myrlie Evers Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Developmental Origins of Disease hypothesis has spurred increased interest in how prenatal exposures affect lifelong health, while mechanisms such as epigenetics may explain the multigenerational influences on health. Such factors are not well captured within conventional epidemiologic study designs. We explored the feasibility of collecting information on the offspring and grand-offspring of participants in a long-running study. DESIGN The Bogalusa Heart Study is a study, begun in 1973, of life-course cardiovascular health in a semirural population (65% white and 35% black). MAIN MEASURES Female participants who had previously provided information on their pregnancies were contacted to obtain contact information for their daughters aged 12 and older. Daughters were then contacted to obtain reproductive histories, and invited for a clinic or lab visit to measure cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-four daughters of 208 mothers were recruited; 81% (223) had a full clinic visit and 19% (51) a phone interview only. Forty-five percent of the daughters were black, and 55% white. Mean and median age at interview was 27, with 15% under the age of 18. The strongest predictors of participation were black race, recent maternal participation in the parent study, and living in or near Bogalusa. Simple correlations for cardiovascular risk factors across generations were between r = 0.19 (systolic blood pressure) and r = 0.39 (BMI, LDL). CONCLUSION It is feasible to contact the children of study participants even when participants are adults, and initial information on the grandchildren can also be determined in this manner.
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Burton ET, Wilder T, Beech BM, Bruce MA. Associations Among Caregiver Feeding Practices and Blood Pressure in African American Adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Study. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2019; 42:133-139. [PMID: 30768478 PMCID: PMC6383774 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver feeding practices have been linked to youth health outcomes. The present study examined associations among caregiver feeding practices and blood pressure in 212 African American adolescents via the Child Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Results revealed a positive association between caregivers' concern about their child's weight and diastolic blood pressure, which was more acute for older adolescent boys. Caregivers' perceived responsibility for the quality and quantity of food their child receives was also associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in older adolescent boys. Feeding practices are ideal targets of lifestyle intervention, and health care providers should continue to involve caregivers as adolescents approach adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Thomaseo Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tanganyika Wilder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Bettina M. Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Marino A. Bruce
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Center for Research on Men’s Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Burton ET, Wilder T, Beech BM, Bruce MA. Caregiver feeding practices and weight status among African American adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study. Eat Behav 2017; 27:33-38. [PMID: 29127938 PMCID: PMC5709039 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage in the life course during which youth become more autonomous in their health behaviors. Overweight and obesity during this developmental period are associated with short- and long-term physical and emotional morbidity, and African American youth are at pronounced risk for these health outcomes. The style of parenting employed by caregivers influences health behaviors in children, though the persistence of this influence into adolescence is not clear. This study examined associations among caregiver feeding practices, body mass index z-score (zBMI), and waist circumference (WC) in a cohort of 212 African American adolescents (50.5% girls; Mage=15.16years). Participants were children and grandchildren of individuals enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective epidemiologic evaluation of cardiovascular disease among African Americans based in Jackson, Mississippi. Youth zBMI and WC were primary outcomes, and caregivers completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire, an assessment of attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to obesity proneness. Regression analyses revealed that while controlling caregiver feeding practices were associated with zBMI and WC, perceived responsibility for the type and amount of food provided to adolescents was not related to weight status. Among younger adolescents, more oversight of their eating practices was related to higher zBMI. Similarly, boys whose intake of unhealthy foods was restricted were more likely to have higher zBMI and WC. Results suggest that caregiver feeding practices continue to be associated with weight status during adolescence, and underscore the importance of culturally and developmentally appropriate prevention and intervention efforts targeting overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Thomaseo Burton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap Street, Room 452R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, 50 N. Dunlap Street, Room 452R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Tanganyika Wilder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1530 Martin Luther King Boulevard JH 514, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA.
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Marino A Bruce
- Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University, 300CC Calhoun Hall, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Bruce MA, Beech BM, Norris KC, Griffith DM, Sims M, Thorpe RJ. Sex, Obesity, and Blood Pressure Among African American Adolescents: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study. Am J Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 28633388 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the degree to which sex, weight status, and the presence of hypertension and obesity in parents/grandparents were associated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) among African American youth in a pilot offspring study examining obesity-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among adolescents. RESULTS Fully adjusted linear regression models of the total sample produced results indicating that obesity was associated with BP (SBP: β = 7.08, P < 0.01; DBP: β = 8.14, P < 0.001). Sex-stratified analyses indicated that overweight and obesity were associated with SBP (overweight: β = 6.77, P < 0.01; obese: β = 11.65, P < 0.001) and obesity was correlated with DBP (β = 9.86, P < 0.001) among males. For females, overweight was correlated with SBP (β = 4.11, P < 0.05) while obesity was associated with DBP (β = 6.98, P < 0.01). Attempting to lose weight was inversely related to SBP (β = -4.01, P < 0.05) in the full sample and among males (β = -11.94, P < 0.001). Familial presence of hypertension and/or obesity was significantly associated with SBP among adolescent females but not males. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between weight status, familial hypertension and obesity status, and BP among adolescents vary by sex. This study underscores the need for additional research investigating the relationship between individual sex, weight status, BP and familial BP, and obesity status on risk among African American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino A Bruce
- Center for Research on Men’s Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, Jackson Mississippi, USA
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Myrlie Evers-Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, Jackson Mississippi, USA
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Keith C Norris
- David C. Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Derek M Griffith
- Center for Research on Men’s Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Graves D, Sheldon JP. Recruiting African American Children for Research: An Ecological Systems Theory Approach. West J Nurs Res 2017; 40:1489-1521. [PMID: 28436265 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917704856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With health disparities still pervasive and persistent in the United States, medical researchers and social scientists continue to develop recruitment strategies to increase the inclusion of racial/ethnic minority groups in research and interventions. Effective methods for recruiting samples of African American participants for pediatric research may be best understood when situated within an overarching conceptual model-one that serves to organize and explain effective recruitment strategies. A theoretical framework well suited for this purpose is Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which views individuals as influencing and being influenced by (both directly and indirectly) a series of interconnected social systems. Based on the ecological systems theory and on previous research from multiple domains (e.g., medicine, psychology, public health, social work), in the current article, we review strategies for effective recruitment of African American children and adolescents for research.
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