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Kim J, Ko YH, Yoon HK, Chae B, Han R, Chae N, Lee J. Study on Awareness of Suicide and Suicide Prevention Among Community Youth. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:210-217. [PMID: 38966193 PMCID: PMC11220475 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.240006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives South Korea has the highest suicide rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries; there is an increasing trend in suicide attempts among middle and high school students. Various factors contribute to the risk of suicide among adolescents, and the perception of suicide prevention has emerged as a significant factor. This study aimed to investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties among middle and high school students and their perceptions of suicide prevention and to explore differences in suicide perception according to age. Methods A survey was conducted among community middle and high school students, including 530 participants, between 2020 and 2021. Emotional and behavioral difficulties were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Korean version, and participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on the importance and possibility of suicide prevention. A correlation test and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationships between the variables, and suicide awareness was compared according to age. Results The participants who displayed higher strength or lower difficulty were more likely to respond positively to suicide prevention measures. They also exhibited high strength and low difficulty levels, thus agreeing with the importance of suicide prevention. Regarding age-related perceptions of suicide, adults aged 20-29 years reported the lowest probability of suicide prevention. Conclusion Suicide perceptions influence the incidence of suicide. Therefore, active societal engagement through suicide prevention campaigns and related education is essential to improve such perceptions. Continuous attention and support are required to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Boram Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Rayoung Han
- Ansan Center for Suicide Prevention, Ansan, Korea
| | - Nayoung Chae
- Ansan Center for Suicide Prevention, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jongha Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Ansan Center for Suicide Prevention, Ansan, Korea
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Grygiel P, Dolata R, Humenny G, Muszyński M. Depressive symptoms and loneliness among early adolescents: a psychometric network analysis approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:199-214. [PMID: 37550521 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrate a high prevalence of depression and loneliness among adolescents. Although they often co-occur, the relationship between symptoms of depression and loneliness remains poorly understood. This study investigates: (a) the symptoms of depression that are connected to loneliness; (b) the role played by loneliness in the network of depression symptoms; and (c) whether the method used to measure loneliness (single-item direct or multi-item indirect) affects the relationship of loneliness with depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 496 Polish adolescents (50.8% girls) aged 11 to 13, who completed: (a) the 10-item Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale; (b) the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (indirect loneliness), and (c) a single direct question evaluating loneliness: 'I'm lonely'. Networks were estimated using a Gaussian Graphical Model. RESULTS Loneliness shows a direct relationship with three affective symptoms of depression: sadness, worthlessness, and anhedonia, which mediate relationships with somatic symptoms. In contrast to previous studies, loneliness has the lowest level of centrality among all elements of the network. The method used to assess loneliness did not significantly affect the connections between loneliness and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and depression overlap since they are formed by the same cognitive biases and deficits in emotion regulation but differ in the level of generality. In loneliness, they have an interpersonal context, while symptoms of depression can be intrapersonal. This helps us to understand why cognitive interventions, as compared to those which are social, are more effective in reducing loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marek Muszyński
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Haasz M, Sigel E, Betz ME, Leonard J, Brooks-Russell A, Ambroggio L. Acceptability of Long Versus Short Firearm Safety Education Videos in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:482-493. [PMID: 37140494 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Safe firearm storage is protective against pediatric firearm injuries. We sought to compare a 3-minute versus 30-second safe firearm storage video in terms of acceptability of video content and use in the pediatric emergency department (PED). METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in a large PED (from March to September 2021). Participants were English-speaking caregivers of noncritically ill patients. Participants were surveyed about child safety behaviors (including firearm storage), then shown 1 of 2 videos. Both videos described safe storage principles; the 3-minute video included temporary firearm removal and a survivor testimonial. The primary outcome was acceptability, measured by responses on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). A survey at 3 months evaluated information recall. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups using Pearson chi-squared, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon Mann Whitney tests as appropriate. Absolute risk difference for categoric variables and mean difference for continuous variables are reported with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Research staff screened 728 caregivers; 705 were eligible and 254 consented to participate (36%); 4 withdrew. Of 250 participants, most indicated acceptability in terms of setting (77.4%) and content (86.6%), and doctors discussing firearm storage (78.6%), with no difference between groups. More caregivers viewing the longer video felt the length appropriate (99.2%) compared with the shorter video (81.1%, difference 18.1%, 95% CI 11.1 to 25.1). CONCLUSIONS We show that video-based firearm safety education is acceptable among study participants. This can provide consistent education to caregivers in PEDs and needs further study in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Haasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
| | - Eric Sigel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Marian E Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jan Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ashley Brooks-Russell
- Injury and Violence Prevention Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Lilliam Ambroggio
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Sege CT, McTeague LM, Kegley M, Shacklewood C, Halliday CA, Calhoun CD, Joseph JE, Adams ZW, Hajcak G, Danielson CK. Neurophysiology of predictable unpleasant event processing in preadolescents and early adolescents, part I: Event-related potential markers of unpleasant image anticipation and processing. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22383. [PMID: 37073594 PMCID: PMC11071696 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability to anticipate and process predictable unpleasant events, while also regulating emotional reactivity, is an adaptive skill. The current article and a companion in this issue test for potential changes in predictable event processing across the childhood-to-adolescence transition, a key developmental period for biological systems that support cognitive/emotional abilities. While the companion article focuses on emotion regulation and peripheral attention modulation in predictable unpleasant contexts, the current paper presents neurophysiological markers of predictable event processing itself. 315 third-, sixth-, or ninth-grade individuals saw 5-s cues predicting "scary," "every day," or uncertain image content; in this paper, cue- and picture-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) are analyzed. During the cue, early ERP positivities were increased and later slow-wave negativities were reduced when predicted content was scary as compared with mundane. After picture onset, a picture processing-related positivity was then increased for scary compared with everyday images regardless of predictability. Cue-interval data suggest enhanced processing of scary cues and reduced anticipatory processing of scary images-opposite to adults. After event onset, meanwhile, emotional ERP enhancement regardless of predictability is similar to adults and suggests that even preadolescent individuals maintain preferential engagement with unpleasant events when they are predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Sege
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa M. McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Molly Kegley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Tulsa, USA
| | - Curtisha Shacklewood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Colleen A. Halliday
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Casey D. Calhoun
- Chapel Hill Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane E. Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Liu J, Chai L, Zhu H, Han Z. COVID-19 impacts and adolescent suicide: The mediating roles of child abuse and mental health conditions. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 138:106076. [PMID: 36764172 PMCID: PMC9894761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable research has established the harmful impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's and adolescents' health and well-being. However, the literature has been constrained by studies using less representative samples, hindering the generalization of the findings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations of employment disruption and school closures during the pandemic with suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents-and to consider the potential mediating effects of child psychological and physical abuse and subsequent mental health conditions. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences data (n = 4692) - a nationally representative survey administered by the CDC of the United States from January to June 2021. METHODS Logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the associations. A series of multiple mediation models were performed. RESULTS School closures directly reduced child psychological and physical abuse and suicidal ideation and behavior. Employment disruption did not directly predict suicidal ideation and behavior but primarily through child abuse. Mental health's mediation role was significant in the associations between child psychological abuse and suicidal ideation and behavior, but no evidence suggested the same mediating pattern for the physical abuse-suicidal ideation and behavior relationship. Within the covariates, sexual orientation was the most consistent and highest risk factor. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to current knowledge on disaster impact, child abuse, and suicidal ideation and behavior, and it can also provide policy and intervention awareness for social workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Public Safety Research (Center for Public Safety Strategy Research)
| | - Lei Chai
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - He Zhu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Han
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Center for Crisis Management Research, Tsinghua University; Institute of Public Safety Research (Center for Public Safety Strategy Research).
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Deng J, Zhou F, Hou W, Heybati K, Lohit S, Abbas U, Silver Z, Wong CY, Chang O, Huang E, Zuo QK, Moskalyk M, Ramaraju HB, Heybati S. Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:53-73. [PMID: 36537131 PMCID: PMC9880764 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit-transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Deng
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenteng Hou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiyan Heybati
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic (Rochester), Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simran Lohit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Umaima Abbas
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry (Windsor Campus), University of Western Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Silver
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi Yi Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (Waterloo Regional Campus), McMaster University, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oswin Chang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Physician Assistant Education Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Kang Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myron Moskalyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harikrishnaa Ba Ramaraju
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Shayan Heybati
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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