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Tseng CY, Wang K, Lin LH, Zhang C, White CC, Wang B. Advancing autologous CAR T-cell therapy through real-time patient health data integration: a simulation-based approach. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00707-2. [PMID: 38795115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy presents promising treatment outcomes for various cancers. However, its potential is restrained by unique supply chain challenges, including dynamic patient health conditions and extended turnaround time. These challenges often lead to missed optimal treatment windows, impeding the effective delivery of life-saving treatments. This article presents SimPAC (simulation-based decision support for Patient-centric manufacturing of autologous cell therapies). SimPAC is designed to model and incorporate real-time patient health conditions into the supply chain decisions of autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. SimPAC integrates system dynamics and agent-based simulation techniques, facilitating the adaptation of manufacturing processes and production schedules based on real-time patient health conditions. SimPAC can model various patient disease progressions using parametric functions, nonparametric functions, or tabular data. Additionally, SimPAC offers easy configuration options to model various cell therapy supply chains. We provide two case studies to demonstrate the capabilities of SimPAC and highlight the benefits of patient-centric manufacturing, including improved survival rates and potential economic advantages. However, while the benefits are significant, our study also emphasizes the importance of balancing improved patient outcomes, economic viability and ethical considerations in the context of personalized medicine. SimPAC can be used to explore applications of this approach to diverse therapeutic contexts and supply chain configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yuan Tseng
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kan Wang
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Li-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chuck Zhang
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chelsea C White
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ben Wang
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Rehman AU, Mian SH, Usmani YS, Abidi MH, Mohammed MK. Modelling and Analysis of Hospital Inventory Policies during COVID-19 Pandemic. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) started in 2020 and is still ongoing today. Among the numerous insights the community has learned from the COVID-19 pandemic is the value of robust healthcare inventory management. The main cause of many casualties around the world is the lack of medical resources for those who need them. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, it is therefore imperative to simulate the demand for desirable medical goods at the proper time. The estimation of the incidence of infections using the right epidemiological criteria has a significant impact on the number of medical supplies required. Modeling susceptibility, exposure, infection, hospitalization, isolation, and recovery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is indeed crucial for the management of healthcare inventories. The goal of this research is to examine the various inventory policies such as reorder point, periodic order, and just-in-time in order to minimize the inventory management cost for medical commodities. To accomplish this, a SEIHIsRS model has been employed to comprehend the dynamics of COVID-19 and determine the hospitalized percentage of infected people. Based on this information, various situations are developed, considering the lockdown, social awareness, etc., and an appropriate inventory policy is recommended to reduce inventory management costs. It is observed that the just-in-time inventory policy is found to be the most cost-effective when there is no lockdown or only a partial lockdown. When there is a complete lockdown, the periodic order policy is the best inventory policy. The periodic order and reorder policies are cost-effective strategies to apply when social awareness is high. It has also been noticed that periodic order and reorder policies are the best inventory strategies for uncertain vaccination efficacy. This effort will assist in developing the best healthcare inventory management strategies to ensure that the right healthcare requirements are available at a minimal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateekh Ur Rehman
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Hammad Mian
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Siraj Usmani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustufa Haider Abidi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneer Khan Mohammed
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Erkayman B, Ak F, Çodur S. A simulation approach for COVID-19 pandemic assessment based on vaccine logistics, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and spread rate. SIMULATION 2023; 99:127-135. [PMID: 36751401 PMCID: PMC9895289 DOI: 10.1177/00375497221120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in clinical care for the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, population-wide interventions are vital to effectively manage the pandemic due to its rapid spread and the emergence of different variants. One of the most important interventions to control the spread of the disease is vaccination. In this study, an extended Susceptible-Infected Healed (SIR) model based on System Dynamics was designed, considering the factors affecting the rate of spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The model predicts how long it will take to reach 70% herd immunity based on the number of vaccines administered. The designed simulation model is modeled in AnyLogic 8.7.2 program. The model was performed for three different vaccine supply scenarios and for Turkey with ~83 million population. The results show that, with a monthly supply of 15 million vaccines, social immunity reached the target value of 70% in 161 days, while this number was 117 days for 30 million vaccines and 98 days for 40 million vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferhat Ak
- Industrial Engineering, Ataturk
University, Turkey
| | - Sadrettin Çodur
- Arakli Ali Cevat Ozyurt Vocational
School, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey
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Rehman AU, Mian SH, Usmani YS, Abidi MH, Mohammed MK. Modeling Consequences of COVID-19 and Assessing Its Epidemiological Parameters: A System Dynamics Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020260. [PMID: 36673628 PMCID: PMC9858678 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic and it remains prevalent today. A necessity to model the transmission of the virus has emerged as a result of COVID-19's exceedingly contagious characteristics and its rapid propagation throughout the world. Assessing the incidence of infection could enable policymakers to identify measures to halt the pandemic and gauge the required capacity of healthcare centers. Therefore, modeling the susceptibility, exposure, infection, and recovery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for the adoption of interventions by regulatory authorities. Fundamental factors, such as the infection rate, mortality rate, and recovery rate, must be considered in order to accurately represent the behavior of the pandemic using mathematical models. The difficulty in creating a mathematical model is in identifying the real model variables. Parameters might vary significantly across models, which can result in variations in the simulation results because projections primarily rely on a particular dataset. The purpose of this work was to establish a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model describing the propagation of the COVID-19 outbreak throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The goal of this study was to derive the essential COVID-19 epidemiological factors from actual data. System dynamics modeling and design of experiment approaches were used to determine the most appropriate combination of epidemiological parameters and the influence of COVID-19. This study investigates how epidemiological variables such as seasonal amplitude, social awareness impact, and waning time can be adapted to correctly estimate COVID-19 scenarios such as the number of infected persons on a daily basis in KSA. This model can also be utilized to ascertain how stress (or hospital capacity) affects the percentage of hospitalizations and the number of deaths. Additionally, the results of this study can be used to establish policies or strategies for monitoring or restricting COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateekh Ur Rehman
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Syed Hammad Mian
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Siraj Usmani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustufa Haider Abidi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneer Khan Mohammed
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang W, Liu S, Osgood N, Zhu H, Qian Y, Jia P. Using simulation modelling and systems science to help contain COVID-19: A systematic review. SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022; 40:SRES2897. [PMID: 36245570 PMCID: PMC9538520 DOI: 10.1002/sres.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviews applications of three simulation approaches, that is, system dynamics model (SDM), agent-based model (ABM) and discrete event simulation (DES), and their hybrids in COVID-19 research and identifies theoretical and application innovations in public health. Among the 372 eligible papers, 72 focused on COVID-19 transmission dynamics, 204 evaluated both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, 29 focused on the prediction of the pandemic and 67 investigated the impacts of COVID-19. ABM was used in 275 papers, followed by 54 SDM papers, 32 DES papers and 11 hybrid model papers. Evaluation and design of intervention scenarios are the most widely addressed area accounting for 55% of the four main categories, that is, the transmission of COVID-19, prediction of the pandemic, evaluation and design of intervention scenarios and societal impact assessment. The complexities in impact evaluation and intervention design demand hybrid simulation models that can simultaneously capture micro and macro aspects of the socio-economic systems involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Research Institute of Economics and ManagementSouthwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengduChina
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhaiChina
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
- Department of Community Health and EpidemiologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Research Institute of Economics and ManagementSouthwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengduChina
| | - Ying Qian
- Business SchoolUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse HealthWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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Cimini C, Pezzotta G, Lagorio A, Pirola F, Cavalieri S. How Can Hybrid Simulation Support Organizations in Assessing COVID-19 Containment Measures? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1412. [PMID: 34828458 PMCID: PMC8623759 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simulation models have always been an aid in epidemiology for understanding the spread of epidemics and evaluating their containment policies. This paper illustrates how hybrid simulation can support companies in assessing COVID-19 containment measures in indoor environments. In particular, a Hybrid Simulation (HS) is presented. The HS model consists of an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) to simulate the virus contagion model and a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model to simulate the interactions between flows of people in an indoor environment. Compared with previous works in the field of simulation and COVID-19, this study provides the possibility to model the specific behaviors of individuals moving in time and space and the proposed HS model could be adapted to several epidemiological conditions (just setting different parameters in the agent-based model) and different kinds of facilities. The HS approach has been developed and then successfully tested with a real case study related to a university campus in northern Italy. The case study highlights the potentials of hybrid simulation in assessing the effectiveness of the containment measures adopted during the period under examination in the pandemic context. From a managerial perspective, this study, exploiting the complementarity of the ABM and DES approaches in a HS model, provides a complete and usable tool to support decision-makers in evaluating different contagion containment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cimini
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, 24044 Dalmine, Italy; (G.P.); (A.L.); (F.P.); (S.C.)
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Causal Loop Diagramming of Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19: State-of-the-Art, Gaps and Good Practices. SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/systems9030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity, multidimensionality, and persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted both researchers and policymakers to turn to transdisciplinary methods in dealing with the wickedness of the crisis. While there are increasing calls to use systems thinking to address the intricacy of COVID-19, examples of practical applications of systems thinking are still scarce. We revealed and reviewed eight studies which developed causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a broader socioeconomic system. We find that major drivers across all studies are the magnitude of the infection spread and government interventions to curb the pandemic, while the most impacted variables are public perception of the pandemic and the risk of infection. The reviewed COVID-19 CLDs consistently exhibit certain complexity patterns, for example, they contain a higher number of two- and three-element feedback loops than comparable random networks. However, they fall short in representing linear complexity such as multiple causes and effects, as well as cascading impacts. We also discuss good practices for creating and presenting CLDs using the reviewed diagrams as illustration. We suggest that increasing transparency and rigor of the CLD development processes can help to overcome the lack of systems thinking applications to address the challenges of the COVID-19 crisis.
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