Associations of sleep quality, quantity and nutrition in oldest-old men The Helsinki Businessmen Study (HBS)

Consumption of fruits and vegetables and its association with sleep duration among Finnish adult population: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Introduction

Sleep and diet are crucial determinants of overall health and wellbeing, with the potential to mutually influence each other. This study examined the association between sleep duration and fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption among Finnish adults.

Methods

The study analyzed data from the National FinHealth 2017 Study involving 5,043 adults aged 18 years and above. Participants reported their habitual sleep duration, and dietary consumption through a validated self-administered questionnaire. Confounders such as demographic, socio-economic factors, and chronotype were considered. A sensitivity analysis, which excluded energy under-reporters, was conducted to validate the findings.

Results

Mean dietary consumption was compared across three sleep duration categories (short, normal, long), revealing that short sleepers consumed 37 g/d fewer FV, and long sleepers consumed 73 g/d fewer FV than normal sleepers. Binary logistic regression analyses consistently demonstrated significant negative association between FV consumption and both short and long sleep duration across all models, even when adjusted for a range of covariates. Linear regression analyses revealed a positive but non-significant association between sleep duration and FV consumption that became significant when excluding energy under-reporters, particularly in model 1.

Discussion

This study suggests a consistent pattern where deviation from normal sleep duration was associated with decreased FV consumption, suggesting the need for considering sleep patterns in dietary intervention. The substantial role of accurate energy reporting in explaining these associations is highlighted. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Evaluation of risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis using a nomogram model

This study aimed to investigate the risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis using a nomogram model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a hospital in Zhejiang province, China from January 1, 2020, to November 31, 2022 among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Dietary intake was assessed applying a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Evaluation of risk factors related to sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis was using a nomogram model. This study included 201 patients and 87 individuals (43.3%, 87/201) exhibited sleep disorders. The average age of included patients was 51.1 ± 9.0 years, with males accounting for 55.7% (112/201). Results from nomogram model exhibited that potential risk factors for sleep disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis included female, advanced age, increased creatinine and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as higher red meat consumption. Inversely, protective factors against sleep disorders in these patients included higher consumption of poultry, fish, vegetables, and dietary fiber. The C-index demonstrated a high level of discriminative ability (0.922). This study found that age, sex, and dietary factors were associated with sleep disorders in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients with sleep disorders require urgent dietary guidance.

The associations between sleep quality, mood, pain and appetite in community dwelling older adults: a daily experience study

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the daily life experiences of sleep, mood, and pain in relation to appetite in community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years and older, stratified by sex.

DESIGN

Existing data from a daily experience study embedded in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) among the oldest-old (≥75 years).

SETTING

LASA is an ongoing cohort study of a nationally representative sample of older adults aged ≥55 years from three culturally distinct regions in the Netherlands.

PARTICIPANTS

434 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years.

MEASUREMENTS

Participants filled-out a one-week diary on daily experience of pain, mood, last night sleep (10-point Likert scale), and appetite (5-point Likert scale) on five measurement occasions between 2016 and 2021. (Hybrid) linear mixed models were used to investigate overall, within-subject and between-subject association between mood, sleep, and pain (independent variables) and appetite (dependent variable), while correcting between-subject associations for season, age, educational level, partner status, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, smoking status, chronic diseases and use of nervous system medication, stratified by sex.

RESULTS

Averaged over all days, males reported a poor appetite on 12% of the days and females on 19% of the days. Statistically significant between-subject associations with a poorer appetite were found for lower mood (unstandardized b = 0.084 [95% CI 0.043-0.126] (males), (b = 0.126 [95% CI 0.082-0.170] (females)), poorer sleep (b = 0.045 [95% CI 0.007-0.083] (males), (b = 0.51 [95% CI 0.017-0.085] (females)) and more severe pain in males only (b = 0.026 [95% CI 0.002-0.051]). Except for pain, within-subject associations were somewhat weaker: mood: b = 0.038 [95% CI 0.016-0.060] (males), (b = 0.082 [95% CI 0.061-0.104] (females)); sleep: b = 0.029 [95% CI 0.008-0.050] (males), (b = 0.15 [95% CI 0.005-0.025] (females)); and pain (b = 0.032 [95% CI 0.004-0.059] (males)).

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that poor sleep, low mood (more strongly in females) and more severe pain (males only) are associated with poor appetite in older adults on a daily level both within and between persons. Sex differences in factors related to poor appetite should be considered in future research.

International society of sports nutrition position stand: coffee and sports performance

Based on review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the contents and physiological effects of coffee related to physical and cognitive performance conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society:(1) Coffee is a complex matrix of hundreds of compounds. These are consumed with broad variability based upon serving size, bean type (e.g. common Arabica vs. Robusta), and brew method (water temperature, roasting method, grind size, time, and equipment).(2) Coffee's constituents, including but not limited to caffeine, have neuromuscular, antioxidant, endocrine, cognitive, and metabolic (e.g. glucose disposal and vasodilation) effects that impact exercise performance and recovery.(3) Coffee's physiologic effects are influenced by dose, timing, habituation to a small degree (to coffee or caffeine), nutrigenetics, and potentially by gut microbiota differences, sex, and training status.(4) Coffee and/or its components improve performance across a temporal range of activities from reaction time, through brief power exercises, and into the aerobic time frame in most but not all studies. These broad and varied effects have been demonstrated in men (mostly) and in women, with effects that can differ from caffeine ingestion, per se. More research is needed.(5) Optimal dosing and timing are approximately two to four cups (approximately 473-946 ml or 16-32 oz.) of typical hot-brewed or reconstituted instant coffee (depending on individual sensitivity and body size), providing a caffeine equivalent of 3-6 mg/kg (among other components such as chlorogenic acids at approximately 100-400 mg per cup) 60 min prior to exercise.(6) Coffee has a history of controversy regarding side effects but is generally considered safe and beneficial for healthy, exercising individuals in the dose range above.(7) Coffee can serve as a vehicle for other dietary supplements, and it can interact with nutrients in other foods.(8) A dearth of literature exists examining coffee-specific ergogenic and recovery effects, as well as variability in the operational definition of "coffee," making conclusions more challenging than when examining caffeine in its many other forms of delivery (capsules, energy drinks, "pre-workout" powders, gum, etc.).

Nutritional Status Is Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life, Physical Activity, and Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Elderly Greek Population

This study aims to explore the associations between nutritional status and health-related quality of life, physical activity, and sleep quality in older exclusively Caucasian adults from Greec who were free of any severe disease. This is a cross-sectional study. Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess nutritional status, health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Healthy Survey questionnaire, sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and physical activity levels were assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. 3405 community-dwelling men and women, over 65 years old from14 different Greek regions were enrolled. Ten-point four percent (10.4%) of the participants were classified as malnourished, while 35.6% were "at risk of malnutrition". A better nutritional status was significantly and independently associated with higher physical activity levels (p = 0.0011) and better quality of life (p = 0.0135), as well as better sleep quality (p = 0.0202). In conclusion, our study highlights the interrelationships between a good nutritional status, a high-quality sleep, active lifestyle, and good quality of life. Further interventional studies are needed to clarify the associations, and test the feasibility of improving the nutritional status, physical activity levels and sleep quality of the elderly, and the impact of these changes on quality of life, and healthy ageing in races beyond Caucasian populations. Public health strategies and policies should be recommended to inform older adults for the necessity to improve their nutritional status and lifestyle habits to improve their health status and to obtain better life expectancy.

Associations between Various Sleep-Wake-Related Indicators and Nutritional Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Yilan Study, Taiwan

OBJECTIVES

To elucidate the relationship between various sleep-wake-related indicators and nutritional status.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SETTING

Community-based survey between 2017 and 2022 in Yilan City, Taiwan.

PARTICIPANTS

1,905 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years.

MEASUREMENTS

Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, and participants were classified into normal nutritional status and undernutrition groups. Regarding sleep-wake-related indicators, specific items or component scores of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess sleep-wake schedule, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, presence of sleep disturbances, hypnotic use, and dysfunction in maintaining enthusiasm. The 5-item Athens Insomnia Scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively.

RESULTS

Of the 1,905 participants, the mean age was 75.6±7.1, with 52.2% being ≥75 years old, 58.9% were women, and 11.4% had undernutrition. After controlling for covariates, short sleepers were less likely to have undernutrition (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41-0.97); in contrast, long sleepers were more likely to exhibit undernutrition (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.06-2.17). In addition, poor habitual sleep efficiency (OR:1.69; 95% CI:1.15-2.50), taking hypnotics in the past month (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12-2.24), and dysfunction in maintaining enthusiasm (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.24-2.99) were associated with increased risk of undernutrition.

CONCLUSIONS

Among older adults, various sleep-wake-related indicators differed in their relationships with nutritional status. Specific sleep-wake disturbances may indicate undernutrition in this population.

Differentiation of Nutritional Risk among Polish Seniors Based on Selected Lifestyle Characteristics

Elderly people living in the community are a population group at high nutritional risk. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional risk of Polish seniors in relation to the region of residence and selected lifestyle characteristics (alcohol consumption, smoking, sleep, physical activity). The SCREEN-14 (Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition) questionnaire was used to assess nutritional risk. The questionnaire was conducted among 320 Polish adults aged 60 and older. The snowball method was used to select the sample. The study was conducted from May to July 2021 in two regions. Cluster analysis with agglomeration technique was used to identify the association between categories of variables describing nutritional risk level, demographic characteristics, and lifestyle characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between identified nutritional risk levels and selected lifestyle characteristics. Men over 75 and seniors living in smaller towns have been shown to be at higher nutritional risk. High nutritional risk was significantly more common among those who consumed alcohol, smoked tobacco, and had less than six hours or more than nine hours of sleep per day. In addition, low to moderate physical activity was associated with higher nutritional risk. The identification of factors that increase nutritional risk among seniors can support the planning of ways to prevent nutritional problems in this age group.

The Association between Diet Quality Scores with Sleep Quality among Employees: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Numerous factors such as nutrition and diet can affect the quality of sleep of people, especially employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between university employees' sleep quality and their dietary quality scores (HEI, DII and DASH score).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed on 211 employees with a mean age of 38.75±11.31. Nutritional status of individuals was determined through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and to assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. The quality of sleep decreases with increasing Pittsburgh index score. The calculated dietary quality scores include DASH Index, Healthy Nutrition Index (HEI) and Diet Inflammation Index (DII).

RESULTS

The results of this study after adjusting for confounding showed a significant positive relationship between DASH diet score and sleep duration (p <0.001). There was a significant negative relationship between HEI score and total score of PSQI (P = 0.003). Also, HEI score had a significant positive relationship with sleep duration in the unmodified and modified models (p <0.001), and a significant negative relationship was seen in unadjusted and modified model between DII score and sleep duration (p <0.001).

CONCLUSION

It can be concluded that with increasing the diet quality in employees, the sleep quality also increases. This was the first study in south of Iran that examined the quality of sleep and diet of employees and the result of this study can affect the general health and improve the quality of foods consumed by employees.

Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic has caused mortality and morbidity at an unprecedented global scale. Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase of infection and report fatigue, sleep difficulties, anxiety, and depression as well as arthralgia and muscle weakness. Summarized under the umbrella term "long-COVID," these symptoms may last weeks to months and impose a substantial burden on affected individuals. Dietary approaches to tackle these complications have received comparably little attention. Although plant-based diets in particular were shown to exert benefits on underlying conditions linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes, their role with regard to COVID-19 sequelae is yet largely unknown. Thus, this review sought to investigate whether a plant-based diet could reduce the burden of long-COVID.

RECENT FINDINGS

The number of clinical trials investigating the role of plant-based nutrition in COVID-19 prevention and management is currently limited. Yet, there is evidence from pre-pandemic observational and clinical studies that a plant-based diet may be of general benefit with regard to several clinical conditions that can also be found in individuals with COVID-19. These include anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and musculoskeletal pain. Adoption of a plant-based diet leads to a reduced intake in pro-inflammatory mediators and could be one accessible strategy to tackle long-COVID associated prolonged systemic inflammation. Plant-based diets may be of general benefit with regard to some of the most commonly found COVID-19 sequelae. Additional trials investigating which plant-based eating patterns confer the greatest benefit in the battle against long-COVID are urgently warranted.