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Abba SI, Yassin MA, Shah SMH, Egbueri JC, Elzain HE, Agbasi JC, Saini G, Usaman J, Khan NA, Aljundi IH. Trace element pollution tracking in the complex multi-aquifer groundwater system of Al-Hassa oasis (Saudi Arabia) using spatial, chemometric and index-based techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118320. [PMID: 38331148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In a global context, trace element pollution assessment in complex multi-aquifer groundwater systems is important, considering the growing concerns about water resource quality and sustainability worldwide. This research addresses multiple objectives by integrating spatial, chemometric, and indexical study approaches, for assessing trace element pollution in the multi-aquifer groundwater system of the Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. Groundwater sampling and analysis followed standard methods. For this purpose, the research employed internationally recognized protocols for groundwater sampling and analysis, including standardized techniques outlined by regulatory bodies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Average values revealed that Cr (0.041) and Fe (2.312) concentrations surpassed the recommended limits for drinking water quality, posing serious threats to groundwater usability by humans. The trace elemental concentrations were ranked as: Li < Mn < Co < As < Mo < Zn < Al < Ba < Se < V < Ni < Cr < Cu < B < Fe < Sr. Various metal(loid) pollution indices, including degree of contamination, heavy metal evaluation index, heavy metal pollution index, and modified heavy metal index, indicated low levels of groundwater pollution. Similarly, low values of water pollution index and weighted arithmetic water quality index were observed for all groundwater points, signifying excellent groundwater quality for drinking and domestic purposes. Spatial distribution analysis showed diverse groundwater quality across the study area, with the eastern and western parts displaying a less desirable quality, while the northern has the best, making water users in the former more vulnerable to potential pollution effects. Thus, the zonation maps hinted the necessity for groundwater quality enhancement from the western to the northern parts. Chemometric analysis identified both human activities and geogenic factors as contributors to groundwater pollution, with human activities found to have more significant impacts. This research provides the scientific basis and insights for protecting the groundwater system and ensuring efficient water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. 50, AlKhoud 123, Oman.
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Jamilu Usaman
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Dhanush SK, Murthy M, Ayyappa S, Prabhuraj DK, Verma R. Water quality assessment of Bheemasandra Lake, South India: A blend of water quality indices, multivariate data mining techniques, and GIS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36728-36747. [PMID: 38753236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
An integrated approach combining water quality indices (WQIs), multivariate data mining, and geographic information system (GIS) was employed to examine the water quality of Bheemasandra Lake, located adjacent to a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Tumakuru city, India. The analysis of 22 lake water samples, examined before and after the monsoons, revealed that the physicochemical parameters namely - electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrates, phosphates, magnesium, total hardness, total alkalinity, and calcium - exceeded the acceptable limits stipulated by national and international standards. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (pre-monsoon: 25.3; post-monsoon: 33.9) and weighted arithmetic WQI (pre-monsoon: 3398; post-monsoon: 2093) designated the water as unsafe for drinking. Irrigation WQIs (sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard, permeability index, and potential salinity) implied water's suitability for irrigation. However, electrical conductivity indicated otherwise. Industrial WQIs (Larson-Skold Index, Langelier Index, Aggressive Index, and Puckorius Scaling Index) illustrated scaling propensity and the chloride sulfate mass ratio alluded galvanic corrosion potential. Hierarchical cluster analysis gathered 22 sampling points into two clusters (cluster 1: relatively lower polluted regions; cluster 2: highly polluted regions) for each season based on similarities in water features. Principal component analysis extracted four (79.07% cumulative variance) and six (87.14% cumulative variance) principal components before and after the monsoons, respectively. These components identified the primary pollution sources as urban sewage and natural lithological processes. WQI maps, created using the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique, enhanced the visualization of spatial-temporal variations. This study highlights the dire consequences of urbanization, STP pollution, and sewage management failures, necessitating that concerned authorities should implement policies and measures to curb the negative impacts on the environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantha Kumar Dhanush
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahadeva Murthy
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathish Ayyappa
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rinku Verma
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Jaydhar AK, Pal SC, Saha A, Islam ARMT, Ruidas D, Costache R. Hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater and associated human health hazards in coastal multiaquifers of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18054-18073. [PMID: 37233935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the scarcity of water supplies, coastal groundwater quality most importantly influences sustainable development in the coastal region. Rising groundwater pollution through heavy metal contamination is an intense health hazard and environmental concern worldwide. This study shows that 27%, 32%, and 10% of the total area come under the categories very high, high, and very low human health hazard index (HHHI) accordingly. This area's water quality is also much polluted; the study shows approximately 1% has very good water quality. High concentrations of Fe, As, TDS, Mg2+, Na, and Cl- are relatively noticed in the portion of the western part of this district. The concentration of heavy metals in coastal aquifers influences the groundwater pollution of that region. The average heavy metal concentration in this region is 0.20 mg/l (As) and 1.160 mg/l (TDS). The groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical properties are determined through the Piper diagram. The study stated that TDS, Cl- (mg/l), and Na+ (mg/l) are the most regulatory issues of vulnerability. In the present study region, a huge number of alkaline substances are present resulting in the water being unfit for drinking purposes. Lastly, it is clear from the study's findings that multiple risks exist there like As, TDS, Cl-, and other hydrochemical parameters in the groundwater. The proposed approach applied in this research work may be a pivotal tool for predicting groundwater vulnerability in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar Jaydhar
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India.
| | - Asish Saha
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | | | - Dipankar Ruidas
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Romulus Costache
- Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 5, Turnului Str, 500152, Brasov, Romania
- Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development, 165 Babadag Street, 820112, Tulcea, Romania
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Abba SI, Egbueri JC, Benaafi M, Usman J, Usman AG, Aljundi IH. Fluoride and nitrate enrichment in coastal aquifers of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia: The influencing factors, toxicity, and human health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139083. [PMID: 37331666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride and nitrate contamination of groundwater is a major environmental issue in the world's arid and semiarid regions. This issue is severe in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the concentration levels, contamination mechanisms, toxicity, and human health risks of NO3- and F- in the groundwater within the coastal aquifers of the eastern part of Saudi Arabia using a standard integrated approach. Most of the tested physicochemical properties of the groundwater exceeded their standard limits. The water quality index and synthetic pollution index evaluated the suitability of the groundwater and showed that all the samples have poor and unsuitable quality for drinking. The toxicity of F- was estimated to be higher than NO3-. Also, the health risk assessment revealed higher risks due to F- than NO3-. Younger populations had higher risks than elderly populations. For both F- and NO3-, the order of health risk was Infants > Children > Adults. Most of the samples posed medium to high chronic risks due to F- and NO3- ingestion. However, negligible health risks were obtained for potential dermal absorption of NO3-. Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl water types predominate in the area. Pearson's correlation analysis, principal component analysis, regression models, and graphical plots were used to determine the possible sources of the water contaminants and their enrichment mechanisms. Geogenic and geochemical processes had greater impact he groundwater chemistry than anthropogenic activities. For the first time, these findings provide public knowledge on the overall water quality of the coastal aquifers and could help the inhabitants, water management authorities, and researchers to identify the groundwater sources that are most desirable for consumption and the human populations that are vulnerable to non-carcinogenic health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Benaafi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamilu Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A G Usman
- Near East University, Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Nicosia, 99138, TRNC Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Aralu CC, Okoye PAC, Abugu HO, Eboagu NC, Eze VC. Characterization, sources, and risk assessment of PAHs in borehole water from the vicinity of an unlined dumpsite in Awka, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9688. [PMID: 37322096 PMCID: PMC10272149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of interest in the ecosystem due to associated health risks. Therefore, their detection in the environment is important. In this regard, the risk assessment of PAHs in borehole water near the unlined dumpsite in Anambra State was investigated. Samples of borehole water (16 each) were collected from the study and control areas during both seasons. The PAH concentrations in the borehole water samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. The mean PAH concentration in the study and control samples for the wet season varied from BL-7.65 µg/L to BL-2.98 µg/L, respectively. The study samples' dry season values ranged from BL to 3.33 µg/L, while control samples ranged from BL to 1.87 µg/L. [Formula: see text]PAHs for the wet and dry seasons varied from 5.8 to 13.94 µg/L and 4.25 to 10.09 µg/L for study and control samples, respectively. The four and five rings PAH were the most dominant group in the [Formula: see text] PAHs for the study and control samples, respectively. Diagnostic ratios suggested pyrolytic and petrogenic sources for both locations. The cluster analysis showed different sources of the congeners in the samples. The non-carcinogenic risk showed no possibility of risks via dermal and ingestion routes. In addition, the possibility of cancer risks via ingestion routes was doubtful. The carcinogenic risk index through dermal contact exceeded the acceptable limit for adults and is at a tolerable limit for children, indicating potential threats to humans, with adults more susceptible to cancer risks. Therefore, this study recommends that sanitary dumpsites be constructed for waste disposal and implementation of environmental laws to prevent underground water pollution and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hillary O Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Nkiruka C Eboagu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Victor Chukwuemeka Eze
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Imo, Nigeria.
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Egbueri JC. A multi-model study for understanding the contamination mechanisms, toxicity and health risks of hardness, sulfate, and nitrate in natural water resources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61626-61658. [PMID: 36928703 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Several water quality contaminants have attracted the attention of numerous researchers globally, in recent times. Although the toxicity and health risk assessments of sulfate and water hardness have not received obvious attention, nitrate contamination has gained peculiar research interest globally. In the present paper, multiple data-driven indexical, graphical, and soft computational models were integrated for a detailed assessment and predictive modeling of the contamination mechanisms, toxicity, and human health risks of natural waters in Southeast Nigeria. Majority of the tested physicochemical parameters were within their satisfactory limits for drinking and other purposes. However, total hardness (TH), SO4, and NO3 were above stipulated limits in some locations. A nitrate health risk assessment revealed that certain areas present a chronic health risk to children, females, and males due to water intake. However, the dermal absorption route was found to have negligible health risks. SO4 in some locations was above the 100 mg/L Nigerian limit; thus, heightening the potential health effects due to intake of the contaminated water resources. Most samples had low TH values, which exposes users to health defects. There are mixed contamination mechanisms in the area, according to graphical plots, R-mode hierarchical dendrogram, factor analysis, and stoichiometry. However, geogenic mechanisms predominate over human-related mechanisms. Based on the results, a composite diagrammatic model was developed. Furthermore, predictive radial basis function (RBF) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models accurately predicted the TH, SO4, and NO3, with the RBF outperforming the MLR models. Insights from the RBF and MLR models were useful in validating the results of the hierarchical dendrogram, factor, stoichiometric, and graphical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Omeka ME, Egbueri JC. Hydrogeochemical assessment and health-related risks due to toxic element ingestion and dermal contact within the Nnewi-Awka urban areas, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2183-2211. [PMID: 35861918 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Awka and Nnewi metropolises are known for intensive socioeconomic activities that could predispose the available groundwater to pollution. In this paper, an integrated investigation of the drinking water quality and associated human health risks of contaminated groundwater was carried out using geochemical models, numerical water quality models, and the HHRISK code. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the groundwater pH is acidic. Predicted results from PHREEQC model showed that most of the major chemical and trace elements occurred as free mobile ions while a few were bounded to their various hydrated, oxides and carbonate phases. This may have limited their concentration in the groundwater; implying that apart from anthropogenic influx, the metals and their species also occur in the groundwater as a result of geogenic processes. The PHREEQC-based insights were also supported by joint multivariate statistical analyses. Groundwater quality index, pollution index of groundwater, heavy metal toxicity load, and heavy metal evaluation index revealed that 60-70% of the groundwater samples within the two metropolises are unsuitable for drinking as a result of anthropogenic influx, with Pb and Cd identified as the priority elements influencing the water quality. The HHRISK code evaluated the ingestion and dermal exposure pathway of the consumption of contaminated water for children and adult. Results revealed that groundwater from both areas poses a very high chronic and carcinogenic risk from ingestion than dermal contact with the children population showing greater vulnerability. Aggregated and cumulative HHRISK coefficients identified Cd, Pb, and Cu, to have the highest health impact on the groundwater quality of both areas; with residents around Awka appearing to be at greater risks. There is, therefore, an urgent need for the adoption of a state-of-the-art waste management and water treatment strategies to ensure safe drinking water for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Omeka
- Department of Geology, University of Calabar, PMB 11125, Calabar, Cross-River State, Nigeria
| | - Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Boudellah A, Moustaine RE, Gharmali AE, Maliki A, Moutaouakil S, Bouriqi A, Khouz A, Boulanouar M, Ibouh H, Ghamizi M, Hachimi MYE. Groundwater quality in Zagora southeast of Morocco by using physicochemical analysis and geospatial techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:624. [PMID: 37119275 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater in Morocco is restricted because of the semiarid to arid climatic conditions; it is under threat from organic and inorganic pollution. Furthermore, it is considered the only source of potable water as well as having different usages, making its quantitative and qualitative protection an urgent priority. The present study focused mainly on the anthropogenic impact on the natural resources and groundwater quality around Zagora city. Fifteen samples were collected from wells during rainy and dry seasons in 2 years 2020-2021 and the analysis of the groundwater quality of studied stations. The suitability of the aquifer Fezouata was investigated using drinking and irrigation water quality indices. The results showed that sulfate and chloride are the dominant anions in the groundwater samples. While the mean abundance of major cations is Na + > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, the sodium ion is dominant and K + is the least abundant. The physicochemical parameters show that conductivity, nitrate, and sulfate exceed the limit fixed by WHO. Hydrogeochemical plots indicate that 93% of samples belong to Na-Cl facies and only 7% are mixt Cl-Mg-Ca in 2021, the results are similar except for two samples which are 13% belong Cl-Mg-Ca. The Water Quality Index suggests that 28.55% are good quality water, 23.90-47.55% are poor and very poor quality water, respectively, and 40.24% are unsuitable in 2020. Furthermore, the WQI of the 2021 campaign showed that only 17.48% were considered good quality water and 38.94% (43.58%) were poor or very poor quality water, respectively. However, 33.21% are unsuitable. Based on irrigation indices, the majority of groundwater samples can be used for agricultural purposes, notably those of the upstream part of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazzaq Boudellah
- Laboratory of Bioresources and Food Safety, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 112Bd. Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 549, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco.
- Museum of Natural History, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkrim Al Khattabi Avenue, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco.
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Global Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Radouane El Moustaine
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Team Management and Valorisation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, BP 11201, Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelhay El Gharmali
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Global Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelmonaim Maliki
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Team Management and Valorisation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Science, University Moulay Ismail, BP 11201, Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Soumia Moutaouakil
- Museum of Natural History, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkrim Al Khattabi Avenue, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Global Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelillah Bouriqi
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Global Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Khouz
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences for the Environment and Sustainable Development (SAEDD), Higher School of Technology Essaouira Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory Terra, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Boulanouar
- Laboratoire of Ecology, Cadi Ayyad University, Ecole Normale Supérieure Marrakech, Morocco, B.P. 2400, 40 000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ibouh
- Geoenvironment and Civil Engineering (L3G) Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Guéliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkarim Al Khattabi Boulevard, P.O. Box 549, 40 000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ghamizi
- Museum of Natural History, Cadi Ayyad University, Abdelkrim Al Khattabi Avenue, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Global Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - My Youssef El Hachimi
- Laboratory of Bioresources and Food Safety, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, 112Bd. Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 549, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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Kasa T, Bassa AL, Negatu GT, Sahile ZA, Reddythota D. Investigation of Wabe River water fitness for agricultural and industrial purposes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11865. [PMID: 36561691 PMCID: PMC9763770 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wabe River is bordered by 74.84% agricultural area, and farmers rely solely on rainfall. The present research made an attempt to investigate the suitability of the Wabe river water for Agricultural and Industrial purpose. The suitability of river water for agricultural use was evaluated using the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), potential salinity (PS), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly index (KI), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (%Na), and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). Additionally, the Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive Index (AI), and Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) were used to evaluate the river water's suitability for industrial uses. Furthermore, plot the Gibb's diagrams to identify the sources of pollution and Piper diagrams to determine the hydrochemical composition of Wabe water. According to the HPI, pollution levels in the wet and dry seasons ranged from 53.34 (low) to 317.58 (medium) and 32.24 to 102.42 (low), respectively. The results showed that the Wabe River has very acceptable water quality characteristics and that the trace elements identified did not surpass thresholds that made them dangerous for agricultural usage. The findings showed that domestic wastewater and leachate contamination at sampling point W4 is the cause of the water quality deterioration in the downstream zone. The Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Aggressive index, and Langelier saturation index readings were less than 9 at all sampling locations during both seasons, suggesting that the river water was corrosive, highly aggressive and unusable for industrial use without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Kasa
- Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | - Abeanezer Lukas Bassa
- Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zenebe Amele Sahile
- Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Reddythota
- Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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Egbueri JC, Agbasi JC. Combining data-intelligent algorithms for the assessment and predictive modeling of groundwater resources quality in parts of southeastern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57147-57171. [PMID: 35349055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning algorithms have proven useful in the estimation, classification, and prediction of water quality parameters. Similarly, indexical modeling has enhanced the evaluation and summarization of water quality. In Nigeria, works that have incorporated machine learning modeling in water quality analysis are scarce. Although studies across the globe have utilized overall index of pollution (OIP) and water quality index (WQI), works that have simulated and predicted them using machine learning algorithms seem to be scarce. Studies have not simulated nor predicted OIP. In this paper, several physicochemical parameters were analyzed and used for groundwater quality modeling in southeastern Nigeria based on integrated data-intelligent algorithms. Standard methods were followed in all the analysis and modeling performed in this work. OIP and WQI were computed, and their results revealed that 80% of the groundwater resources are suitable for drinking whereas 20% are highly polluted and unsuitable. Pearson's correlation analysis and R-mode hierarchical clustering revealed the possible sources of contamination. Meanwhile, agglomerative Q-mode hierarchical clustering and K-means (partitional) clustering were used to show the spatial demarcations of water quality in the area. Both clustering algorithms identified two main water quality classes-the suitable and unsuitable classes. Furthermore, multiple linear regression (MLR) model and multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP-NN) were used for the estimation and prediction of the water quality indices. With low modeling errors, both MLR and MLP-NN showed very strong predictions, as their determination coefficient ranged between 0.999 and 1.000. However, MLR slightly outperformed the MLP-NN in the prediction of OIP. The findings of this paper would enhance sustainable water management in the study region and also contribute great insights to the national and global water quality prediction literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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11
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Oyekunle JAO, Adekunle AS, Durodola SS, Dada OS. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and heavy metal speciation of groundwater in Ifetedo and Garage Olode, Osun State, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:565. [PMID: 35788429 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To a large extent, public health can be prevented from being compromised by having access to potable water whose physicochemical fingerprints conform to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water. This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical properties and heavy metals speciation of groundwater in Nigeria. Water samples from thirteen sites were collected for three months and analysed for levels of pH, conductivity, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, and heavy metals using standard methods. The results of the analysis revealed that the respective mean temperature, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, and oxygen reduction potential of Ifetedo sites were 27.57 ± 0.66 °C, 318.93 ± 108.58 µS/cm, 5.29 ± 0.20, 207.40 ± 73.58 mg/L, and 265.17 ± 11.29 mV, while those of Garage Olode were 28.53 °C, 275.04 ± 133.75 µS/cm, 5.23 ± 0.04, 177.66 ± 89.37 mg/L, and 270.43 ± 37.75 mV. Total mean levels (µg/mL) of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 Cd to 26.21 ± 3.63 Mn at Ifetedo, while at Garage Olode, the range was between 0.02 ± 0.00 Cd and 14.49 ± 5.70 Mn. The respective ranges of mean values (µg/mL) of exchangeable metals were 0.01 ± 0.00 Cd to 10.64 ± 1.20 Mn and 0.01 ± 0.00 to 7.53 ± 2.57 Mn at Ifetedo and Garage Olode. Going by WHO provision for drinking water, the study concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the potable water samples could constitute serious health hazards over prolonged usage unless some water treatment protocols are adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A O Oyekunle
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - A S Adekunle
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - S S Durodola
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - O S Dada
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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12
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Inobeme A, Nayak V, Mathew TJ, Okonkwo S, Ekwoba L, Ajai AI, Bernard E, Inobeme J, Mariam Agbugui M, Singh KR. Chemometric approach in environmental pollution analysis: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114653. [PMID: 35176568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing global population and industrialization, it has become a call of the hour to start taking care of the environment to balance the ecosystem. For this, effective monitoring and assessment are required, which involves collecting and measuring environmental details, temporal and spatial readings of environmental data, and parameters. However, assessment of the environment is very tedious as it includes monitoring target analytes, identifying their sources, and reporting, which invariably implies that detailed environmental monitoring would be an intricate and expensive process. The traditional protocols in environmental measures are often manual and time demanding, which makes it further difficult. Moreover, several changes also occur within the environment, which could be chemical, physical, or biological, and since these environmental impacts are often cumulative, it becomes difficult to measure an isolated system. Furthermore, the chances of skipping significant results and trends become high. Also, experimental data obtained from the environmental analysis are usually non-linear and multi-variant due to different associations among various contributing variables. Therefore, it is implied that accurate measurements and environment monitoring are not using traditional analytical protocols. Thus, the need for a chemometric approach in environmental pollution analysis becomes paramount due to the inherent limitations associated with the conventional approach of analyzing environmental datasets. Chemometrics has appeared as a potential technique, which enhances the particulars of the chemical datasets by using statistical and mathematical analysis methods to analyze chemical data beyond univariate analysis. Utilizing chemometrics to study the environmental data is a revolutionary idea as it helps identify the relationship between sources of contaminations, environmental drivers, and their impact on the environment. Hence, this review critically explores the concept of chemometrics and its application in environmental pollution analysis by briefly highlighting the idea of chemometrics, its types, applications, advantages, and limitations in the environmental domain. An attempt is also made to present future trends in applications of chemometrics in environmental pollution analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Inobeme
- Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Vanya Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Tsado John Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Stanley Okonkwo
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lucky Ekwoba
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther Bernard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - M Mariam Agbugui
- Department of Biological Science, Edo University Iyamho, Nigeria
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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13
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Egbueri JC, Agbasi JC. Data-driven soft computing modeling of groundwater quality parameters in southeast Nigeria: comparing the performances of different algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38346-38373. [PMID: 35079969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the simulation and modeling of water quality parameters have been useful for monitoring and assessment of the quality of water resources. Moreover, the use of multiple modeling techniques, rather than a standalone model, tends to provide more robust and reliable insights. In this present paper, several soft computing techniques were integrated and compared for the modeling of groundwater quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), modified heavy metal index (MHMI), pollution load index (PLI), and synthetic pollution index (SPI)) in Ojoto area, SE Nigeria. Standard methods were employed in the physicochemical analysis of the groundwater resources. It was found that anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic activities influenced the concentrations of the water quality parameters. The PLI, MHMI, and SPI revealed that about 20-25% of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking. Simple linear regression indicated that strong agreements exist between the results of the water quality indices. Principal component and Varimax-rotated factor analyses showed that Pb, Ni, and Zn influenced the judgment of the water quality indices most. Q-mode hierarchical and K-means clustering algorithms grouped the water samples based on their pH, EC, TDS, TH, MHMI, PLI, and SPI values. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were used for the simulation and prediction of the pH, EC, TDS, TH, PLI, MHMI, and SPI. The MLR performed better than the ANN model in predicting EC, TH, and TDS. Nevertheless, the ANN model predicted the pH better than the MLR model. Meanwhile, both MLR and ANN performed equally in the prediction of PLI, MHMI, and SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | - Johnson C Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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14
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Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Water shortage and quality are major issues in many places, particularly arid and semi-arid regions such as Makkah Al-Mukarramah province, Saudi Arabia. The current work was conducted to examine the geochemical mechanisms influencing the chemistry of groundwater and assess groundwater resources through several water quality indices (WQIs), GIS methods, and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR). For that, 59 groundwater wells were tested for different physical and chemical parameters using conventional analytical procedures. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg 2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO32− > NO3− > CO3−. Under the stress of evaporation and saltwater intrusion associated with the reverse ion exchange process, the predominant hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) has indicated that only 5% of the wells were categorized under good to excellent for drinking while the majority (95%) were poor to unsuitable for drinking, and required appropriate treatment. Furthermore, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) has indicated that 45.5% of the wells were classified under high to severe restriction for agriculture, and can be utilized only for high salt tolerant plants. The majority (54.5%) were deemed moderate to no restriction for irrigation, with no toxicity concern for most plants. Agriculture indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), potential salinity (PS), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had mean values of 2572.30, 33.32, 4.84, and −21.14, respectively. However, the quality of the groundwater in the study area improves with increased rainfall and thus recharging the Quaternary aquifer. The PLSR models, which are based on physicochemical characteristics, have been shown to be the most efficient as alternative techniques for determining the six WQIs. For instance, the PLSR models of all IWQs had determination coefficients values of R2 ranging between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Cal., and between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Val. datasets, and had model accuracy varying from 0.824 to 0.999 in the Cal., and from 0.817 to 0.989 in the Val. datasets. In conclusion, the combination of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modeling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and adaptable methodology that provides a comprehensive picture of groundwater quality and governing mechanisms.
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Onwordi CT, Semako M, Izunobi JU, Osifeko OL, Majolagbe AO, Ojekale AB. Assessment of the groundwater quality, physicochemical composition, and human and ecological health risks in a coastal metropolitan: A case study of a residential estate in Lagos, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:148. [PMID: 35122544 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential for humankind's existence, providing food security, amongst others, as well as promoting industrial and economic development. The physicochemical composition, potentially toxic metals, water quality index, human health, and ecological risks of groundwater in a residential estate in Lagos, Nigeria, were studied to assess their possibility for drinking and domestic purposes. Groundwater samples were collected from twelve designated sites and analysed using standard methods. TDS and pH values of 5.4 ± 1.7-20.8 ± 0.84 and 5.08 ± 0.26-5.56 ± 0.57, respectively, were recorded for the groundwater samples whereas DO and BOD were detected at 4.2 ± 1.2-5.45 ± 0.52 mg O2/L and 2.6 ± 1.2-24.6 ± 5.7 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, water conductivity ranged from zero to 0.60 ± 0.89 µS/cm. Of the seven PTMs (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, & Fe) analysed, Pb was present, over the standard limit, in all the samples whereas Fe was detected below the limit in over 83.3% of the groundwater sampled. The hazard index (HI) indicated that 83.3% and 100% of the samples were within the acceptable limits, with no health risks, for the children and adult groups, respectively. WQI showed that 75.0% of the samples was of good quality and suitable for domestic purposes, with low ecological and carcinogenic health risks. The results show that the groundwater samples are good for domestic purposes but require pre-treatment to make them safe for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chionyedua T Onwordi
- Department of Chemistry, LASU, Lagos State University, P. O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Mary Semako
- Department of Chemistry, LASU, Lagos State University, P. O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Josephat U Izunobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olawale L Osifeko
- Department of Chemistry, LASU, Lagos State University, P. O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrafiu O Majolagbe
- Department of Chemistry, LASU, Lagos State University, P. O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthony B Ojekale
- Department of Biochemistry, LASU, Lagos State University, P.O. Box 0001, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
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16
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Egbueri JC, Ayejoto DA, Agbasi JC. Pollution assessment and estimation of the percentages of toxic elements to be removed to make polluted drinking water safe: a case from Nigeria. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2025401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnson C. Agbasi
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
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17
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El Maghraby M, Bamousa AO. Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using physicochemical parameters at Salilah area, Madinah Munawarah District, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1996112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El Maghraby
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah O. Bamousa
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ayejoto DA, Egbueri JC, Enyigwe MT, Chiaghanam OI, Ameh PD. Application of HMTL and novel IWQI models in rural groundwater quality assessment: a case study in Nigeria. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1958867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Ayejoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Akoka/Yaba, Nigeria
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | - Peter D. Ameh
- Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Institute of Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Rao NS, Dinakar A, Sravanthi M, Kumari BK. Geochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater evaluation for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes from a part of hard rock aquifer of South India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31941-31961. [PMID: 33619616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a part of hard rock aquifer of Telangana, South India, where the groundwater is withdrawn heavily for drinking, irrigation, and small-scale industrial purposes. Geochemical characteristics explain the chemical processes, which control the groundwater chemistry and consequently the groundwater quality, while the chemical quality of groundwater is adversely affected by anthropogenic activities, which damage the water environment. The focus of the present study was, thus, to know the origin of geochemical characteristics and also to evaluate the quality of groundwater for various purposes for taking the suitable remedial measures to provide safe water to the local community. Geochemical relations (GR) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to assess the geochemical characteristics. Entropy weighted groundwater quality index (EWGQI), United States Soil Salinity Laboratory Staff (USSLS)'s diagram, and groundwater quality criteria for water supply pipes (GQCW) were used to evaluate the groundwater quality for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes, respectively. The study found that the water-rock interactions associated with ion exchange and evaporation were the prime geochemical factors controlling the geochemical characteristics and the anthropogenic activities as the secondary factor. These observations were further supported by HCA. According to the EWGQI, 34.97% of the spatial area was found to have the poor and very poor groundwater quality zones for drinking purpose, because of the dominance of TDS, Na+, Cl-, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and F- contents in the groundwater system. Based on the USSLS's diagram, 79.55% of the present study area was observed to be poor and very poor water quality type for irrigation utilization due to salinity hazard. The GQCW demonstrated that the 7.91% and 8.82% of the areas were not suitable for industrial purpose due to influence of incrustation based on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, and 1.85%, 12.32%, and 1.25 of the areas are unfit due to influence of corrosion based on pH, TDS, and Cl-, respectively. Therefore, boiling, activated carbon filter, rainwater harvesting, suitable coatings on metal surfaces of water supply pipes, etc. are the important suggested effective strategic measures to provide safe water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subba Rao
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India.
| | - A Dinakar
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India
| | - M Sravanthi
- Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India
| | - B Karuna Kumari
- Anuhya Architects, Sreeramnagar Colony, Hyderabad, 500 050, India
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20
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Rakib MRJ, Jolly YN, Begum BA, Choudhury TR, Fatema KJ, Islam MS, Ali MM, Idris AM. Assessment of trace element toxicity in surface water of a fish breeding river in Bangladesh: a novel approach for ecological and health risk evaluation. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1891936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Nahar Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bilkis Ara Begum
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Konika Jannat Fatema
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Egwuonwu PF, Ihedioha JN, Abugu HO, Ekere NR. Impact of some beverage industries on the physicochemical characteristics of Ajali River in Enugu, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:136. [PMID: 33599829 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ajali River near some beverage industries was assessed. Eleven physicochemical parameters and six heavy metals (copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium, and lead) were analyzed on water and sediment collected from different locations near three beverage industries. Standard methods were used to determine the physicochemical parameters while heavy metals were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The health risk assessment of the water samples were estimated by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard index (THI), and the probability cancer risk (PCR) of the heavy metals. Results showed that the concentrations of some heavy metal and physicochemical properties were slightly impaired compared to permissible standards. However, cadmium in water (0.56-11.34 mg/L) and sediments (2.81-481.40 mg/kg) samples were above the recommended limit, indicating possible cadmium pollution in the study area. The water quality index values showed that some of the sampled locations had poor (53.43-134.90%) water quality. The risk assessment of the water samples revealed that HQ for Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cr were of no probable risk (HQ < 1) while Cd (HQ = 173-438) were of probable risk. THI of the water samples showed probable risk (THI > 1) resulting from the high percentage contribution of Cd (94.13 to 99.95%). The probability carcinogenic risk assessment for adults (Cd-7.14 × 10-2, Cr-1.43 × 10-4) and children (Cd-1.66 × 10-1 and Cr-3.34 × 10-4) were significantly harmful. Even though the presence of these industries could encourage more economic activities in the area, there is need for the relevant agencies to enforce effective treatment and proper management of wastes especially cadmium, to safeguard this water source for the rural dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hillary Onyeka Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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22
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Shukla S, Saxena A. Appraisal of Groundwater Quality with Human Health Risk Assessment in Parts of Indo-Gangetic Alluvial Plain, North India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:55-73. [PMID: 33099663 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain has reportedly been affected by various factors, such as mineral dissolution, overexploitation, precipitation, and ion exchange. This study was designed to interpret the hydrochemical fluctuations in the groundwater sources of a rural area in Raebareli district. Groundwater is slightly alkaline and affected by the issues of fluoride, salinity, hardness, and nitrate. The Pollution Index of Groundwater significantly categorize 57% and 79% of the samples under the "insignificant pollution" category during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The Health risk assessment indicated the high susceptibility of children toward health risks. It also indicated that fluoride had greater impact than nitrate in the study area. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural practices, including excessive fertilizer application and improper domestic and cattle waste management, are probable causes of groundwater contamination through NO3-, Cl-, Na+, and K+. Furthermore, the base exchange index classified 71.43% samples in pre-monsoon and 78.57% in post-monsoon as Na-HCO3 type. The meteoric genesis index suggested that 78.57% and 85.71% of the samples belong to shallow meteoric water percolation type during pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The Piper plots revealed that HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na + K type are the prominent facies in the area, with dominance of alkalis and weak acids. According to Gibbs plot, majority of the samples fall under "rock dominance" suggesting that "rock-water" interaction was the dominant natural process controlling the groundwater chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India.
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India
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23
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Egbueri JC, Ezugwu CK, Unigwe CO, Onwuka OS, Onyemesili OC, Mgbenu CN. Multidimensional Analysis of the Contamination Status, Corrosivity and Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater from Parts of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1843049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
| | - C. K. Ezugwu
- Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - C. O. Unigwe
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - O. S. Onwuka
- Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - O. C. Onyemesili
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
| | - C. N. Mgbenu
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
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24
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Egbueri JC, Ameh PD, Unigwe CO. Integrating entropy-weighted water quality index and multiple pollution indices towards a better understanding of drinking water quality in Ojoto area, SE Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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25
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Proshad R, Islam S, Tusher TR, Zhang D, Khadka S, Gao J, Kundu S. Appraisal of heavy metal toxicity in surface water with human health risk by a novel approach: a study on an urban river in vicinity to industrial areas of Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1780615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanmoy Roy Tusher
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Satyajit Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
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Egbueri JC, Enyigwe MT. Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Natural Waters from the Ameka Metallogenic District in Southeastern Nigeria. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1759616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Egbueri JC, Ezugwu CK, Ameh PD, Unigwe CO, Ayejoto DA. Appraising drinking water quality in Ikem rural area (Nigeria) based on chemometrics and multiple indexical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:308. [PMID: 32328812 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of drinking water quality supplies by several anthropogenic activities is a serious global challenge in recent times. In this current study, the drinking water quality of Ikem rural agricultural area (southeastern Nigeria) was assessed using chemometrics and multiple indexical methods. Twenty-five groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, major ions, and heavy metals. The pH of the samples (which ranged between 5.2 and 6.7) indicated that waters were slightly acidic. Cations and anions (except for phosphate) were within their respective standard limits. Except for Mn, heavy metals were also found to be below their maximum allowable limits. Factor analysis identified both geogenic processes and anthropogenic inputs as possible origins of the analyzed physicochemical parameters. Modified heavy metal index, geoaccumulation index, and overall index of pollution revealed that all the hand-dug wells were in excellent condition, and hence safe for drinking purposes. However, pollution load index, water quality index (WQI), and entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) revealed that some wells (about 8-12%) were slightly contaminated, and hence are placed in good water category. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed based on the integration of the WQI and EWQI results. The HCA revealed two major quality categories of the samples. While the first cluster comprises of samples classified as excellent drinking water by both WQI and EWQI models, the second cluster comprises of about 12% samples which were identified as good water by either the WQI or EWQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnbosco C Egbueri
- Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter D Ameh
- Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - Chinanu O Unigwe
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Daniel A Ayejoto
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Egbueri JC, Unigwe CO. Understanding the Extent of Heavy Metal Pollution in Drinking Water Supplies from Umunya, Nigeria: An Indexical and Statistical Assessment. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1731521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinanu O. Unigwe
- Department of Physics/Geology/Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
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Ukah BU, Ameh PD, Egbueri JC, Unigwe CO, Ubido OE. Impact of effluent-derived heavy metals on the groundwater quality in Ajao industrial area, Nigeria: an assessment using entropy water quality index (EWQI). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42108-020-00058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Egbueri JC. Heavy Metals Pollution Source Identification and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in Onitsha, Nigeria. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1712606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Hosseini H, Shakeri A, Rezaei M, Dashti Barmaki M, Rastegari Mehr M. Water chemistry and water quality pollution indices of heavy metals: a case study of Chahnimeh Water Reservoirs, Southeast of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42108-019-00051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ezugwu CK, Onwuka OS, Egbueri JC, Unigwe CO, Ayejoto DA. Multi-criteria approach to water quality and health risk assessments in a rural agricultural province, southeast Nigeria. HYDRORESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hydres.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Egbueri JC, Unigwe CO. An integrated indexical investigation of selected heavy metals in drinking water resources from a coastal plain aquifer in Nigeria. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Extent of heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment of groundwater in a densely populated industrial area, Lagos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42108-019-00039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Evaluation and characterization of the groundwater quality and hydrogeochemistry of Ogbaru farming district in southeastern Nigeria. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Egbueri JC, Mgbenu CN, Chukwu CN. Investigating the hydrogeochemical processes and quality of water resources in Ojoto and environs using integrated classical methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40808-019-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Water quality appraisal of selected farm provinces using integrated hydrogeochemical, multivariate statistical, and microbiological technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40808-019-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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