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Baye MF, Desta D, Hunegnaw S, Johar A, Bekele I, Angasu K, Bayleyegn NS, Abebe Getahun H, Sisay AL. Assessment of the hematological profiles among COVID-19 patients during the first and second waves in Ethiopia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241253522. [PMID: 38774743 PMCID: PMC11107322 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241253522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 is highly infectious and patients with coronavirus diseases demonstrated a series of clinical symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Without a break of the wave's hematological profile of the patients is still ambiguous and differs from wave to wave. Objective This study aimed to assess the hematological profile among coronavirus disease 2019 patients during the first and the second waves in Ethiopia. Methods A multi-centered facility-based retrospective cohort study design was conducted at six coronavirus disease 2019 treatment centers. A total of 538 study participants were enrolled in the selected coronavirus disease 2019 treatment centers during the first and second waves of the pandemic. The demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, symptoms, and hematological parameters of patients were recorded. Data were entered into Epi-Data Manager 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14.2. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the mean differences in hematological parameters across waves. Associations between categorical variables across waves were also determined using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results Among the total study participants, 240 (44.6%) and 298 (55.4%) patients were taken from wave-1 and wave-2, respectively. The average age of the study participants was 56.44 ± 16.25 years. The most frequent comorbidities in this study were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and asthma. The most presenting symptoms of COVID-19 infection across the two waves were presented. In the first wave, dry cough 166 (69.2%), fatigue 153 (63.75%), shortness of breath 148 (61.67%), and fever accounted 116 (48.33%), while during the second wave, dry cough 242 (81.2%), fatigue 244 (81.88%) shortness of breath 204 (68.47%) and fever account 180 (60.40%). White blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes had shown increment during the first wave. Platelet count and platelet distribution width (p < 0.001) had significant mean differences across the two waves, while the other had no significant mean difference. Conclusion In the present study, dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and fever were found to be the most presenting symptoms of COVID-19 infection across the two waves. Only the platelet count and platelet distribution width had significant mean differences across the two waves, while the other had no significant mean difference across waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minale Fekadie Baye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Diliab Desta
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Hunegnaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Johar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Israel Bekele
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kebenesa Angasu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Abebe Getahun
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Legesse Sisay
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Kachiko G, Weisheit A, Ajayi CO, Tolo CU, Tusiimire J. Immuno-Kachiks formula immunomodulates and ameliorates hepatic damage induced by monosodium glutamate in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27076. [PMID: 38463849 PMCID: PMC10920360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in controlling liver fibrosis and enhancing the pathogenesis of liver inflammation. Monosodium glutamate is a common flavor-enhancement food additive. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory and hepato-curative effects of the Immuno-Kachiks polyherbal formulation against monosodium glutamate-induced immune suppression and hepatic damage in rats. Monosodium glutamate was given orally at a 2000 mg/kg dose to male Wistar rats for three months to induce liver damage and immune suppression. After three months of successful induction, three groups were separately administered orally with Immuno-Kachiks formula at 400, 800, and 1500 mg/kg/day for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, liver and blood samples were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The lymphocyte count remained significantly low while the neutrophil count and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased significantly, despite the cessation of monosodium glutamate ingestion for 28 days. The Immuno-Kachiks formula (IKF) significantly increased the lymphocyte count, reduced the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and normalized the neutrophil count. Neither monosodium glutamate nor the IKF significantly caused alpha-fetoprotein levels to rise or fall below normal. High doses (800 and 1500 mg/kg) of the Immuno-Kachiks formula significantly raised serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. 1500 mg/kg of the IKF caused mild liver inflammation. The IKF restored the liver morphologic alterations observed in monosodium glutamate-induced liver damage in rats. The results suggest that the Immuno-Kachiks herbal formulation is a potential curative agent for early-stage liver damage and could restore suppressed adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Kachiko
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Anke Weisheit
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Casim Umba Tolo
- Pharm-BioTechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jonans Tusiimire
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Kumar S, Singh B, Dey B, Jagtap VK, Verma S, Nongkynrih A. Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Patients: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in Northeast India. Cureus 2024; 16:e52247. [PMID: 38352085 PMCID: PMC10861845 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic affected the healthcare system worldwide. Cancer patients and oncologists faced challenges equally in the context of the pandemic. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients, encompassing infection source, care type, treatment delays, and infection outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHOD This single-center retrospective study was conducted between March 2020 and January 2022 at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India. It examined COVID-19 cases in cancer patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Data collection included demographics, clinical details, COVID-19 specifics, treatment delays, and infection outcomes. RESULT In our study of 9,854 oncology patients' visits, 26 (0.26%) tested COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR, aged three to 70 years with a male-female ratio of 1:1.67. Twenty-three percent had comorbidities, mainly hypertension. Gastrointestinal cancers (30.8%) and hepatobiliary origin (15.5%) were common. Most patients (69.2%) had stage IV cancer, and 34.6% aimed for curative treatment. The majority of the patients (76.9%) were community-acquired, and the rest (23.1%) contracted during hospital stay. Fever (34.5%) and asymptomatic infection (30.8%) were common presentations. Six (23.1%) comorbid patients required ICU care. Median treatment delay was three weeks, with one COVID-19-related death (3.8%) and six cancer-related deaths. On follow-up, 19.2% had stable disease, 7.7% partial response, 7.7% recurrence, and 23.1% had progression. CONCLUSION Amid the pandemic, cancer patients safely received treatment. Mild cases were managed at home. Poor outcome was found in comorbid, severe COVID-19 cancer patients. However, the impact of treatment delays on long-term oncological outcomes needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Radiation Oncology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Binoy Singh
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Biswajit Dey
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Vikas K Jagtap
- Radiation Oncology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Shalini Verma
- Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, IND
| | - Anthialisha Nongkynrih
- Radiation Oncology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
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Jemaa AB, Oueslati R, Guissouma J, Ghadhoune H, Ali HB, Allouche H, Trabelsi I, Samet M, Brahmi H. Differences in leucocytes and inflammation-based indices among critically ill patients owing to SARS-CoV-2 variants during several successive waves of COVID-19 pandemic. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110836. [PMID: 37633238 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Inflammatory indices are useful informative markers in assessing the severity of the COVID-19 disease course; however, their involvements during series waves of SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreaks in critical patients with COVID-19 remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to ascertain the changing dynamics of the combined inflammatory indices (NLR, dNLR, CLR, LMR, PLR, SII, and SIRI) and their associations with clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19 patients during serial waves of SARS-CoV-2. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 163 severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU during six SARS-CoV-2 waves. RESULTS We found that most of patients admitted to the ICU were from the fourth wave. Patients in the fourth wave were considerably younger and had the highest percentage of ARDS than other waves. The highest CRP was found in the first wave, while the lowest in patients admitted in the sixth wave. Although most of the COVID-19 waves were marked with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and lymphocytopenia, the lowest of both NLR and dNLR were found in the fourth wave "Delta wave" and the lowest of both CLR and SII were observed in "Omicron wave". Interestingly, during most of the COVID-19 waves, the derived combined inflammatory ratio NLR, dNLR, CLR, SII and SIRI were sustained at high levels in fatal cases at the last day of hospitalization, while these indices declined in the alive group at the end of ICU hospitalization. No major difference was identified in lymphocyte count between admission and the last day of hospitalization in both deceased and recovered COVID-19 patients during Delta and Omicron waves. Moreover, patients admitted in the Omicron wave had less severe disease compared to those admitted in the Delta wave. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in survival rates or the probability of respiratory failure between six successive COVID-19 waves. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results showed marked differences in the alteration of nonspecific inflammation and damage in the adaptive immune response during the six serial SARS-CoV-2 waves. Considering the inflammatory response of infectious diseases, embedding inflammatory indices informative markers into routine clinical testing offers the potential to mitigate the impact of future pandemics of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Ben Jemaa
- Unit IMEC-Immunology Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Gafsa, ,University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- Unit IMEC-Immunology Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Guissouma
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Ghadhoune
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hana Ben Ali
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Allouche
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Insaf Trabelsi
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Samet
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habib Brahmi
- Intensive Care Department, CHU Habib Bougatpha Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Moguem Soubgui AF, Kojom Foko LP, Embolo Enyegue EL, Ndeme Mboussi WS, Mbebi Enone JP, Ntatou Lemouchele I, Koanga Mogtomo ML. Confounding role of comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination uptake in clinical utility of hematological biomarkers in Cameroonian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. IJID REGIONS 2023; 8:129-136. [PMID: 37663007 PMCID: PMC10472227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To analyze variations in blood profile, the extent of hematological disorders, and the impact of comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination on blood profile parameters and their clinical value for prognostic of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in Douala, Cameroon. A complete blood count and molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 were performed on patients. Clinical value was appraised using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results In total, 420 participants were included. A significant reduction of hematological parameters such as lymphocytes (p < 0.0001), red blood cells (P = 0.0025), mean corpuscular hemoglobin count (P < 0.0001), and platelets (P = 0.02) was seen in SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients. Anisocytosis was the main hematological disorder (95.5%). Normocytic normochromic anemia was predominant in SARS-CoV-2 (+) (35.3%) while microcytic normochromic anemia was more frequently seen in SARS-CoV-2 (-) (16.5%). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) consistently showed statistically significant AUC ∼0.75 upon stratification for age, gender, and comorbidities, with the exception of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Conclusion In a context where molecular detection methods are difficultly affordable in health facilities in developing countries such as Cameroon, NLR could be clinically interesting for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, especially those with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loick Pradel Kojom Foko
- Department of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d'Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Wilfried Steve Ndeme Mboussi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d'Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Idriss Ntatou Lemouchele
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d'Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Martin Luther Koanga Mogtomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Douala, Cameroon
- Centre de Recherche et d'Expertise en Biologie, Douala, Cameroon
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Yadav R, Yadav V, Pokhriyal S, Zahid U, Gandhi A. Retrospective Observational Study of Complete Blood Count (CBC) Parameters and ICU Mortality of COVID-19 Disease in Delta Variant and Omicron Variant in a Community-Based Hospital in New York City. Cureus 2023; 15:e34894. [PMID: 36925973 PMCID: PMC10013602 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the official name of COVID-19, a respiratory infection that had the first case reported from the Hubei province of China on December 8, 2019. This virus is the main etiological agent behind the most dreaded pandemic of pneumonia that has spread to the entire world in a brief period and continues to pose a threat. The first wave corresponded with the period from February 2020 to June 2020, the Delta variant occurred around the middle of June 2021 and the Omicron wave was reported from December 2021 to February 2022. Objective: This study aims to compare the Delta and the Omicron variants of COVID-19 infection in a community-based hospital in New York City considering the comparison of ICU admissions in both variants. We aim to study the comparison of complete blood count (CBC) parameters and inflammatory markers of patients admitted to ICU stratified by two waves of COVID-19 infection. We aim to analyze the association of CBC parameters at admission and the discharge during ICU stay in both variants. We also aim to study the association of CBC parameters at admission and discharge with ICU mortality in both variants. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study based on data from randomly selected hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a community-based hospital in New York City during the Delta variant and the Omicron wave. A total of 211 patients COVID-19 positive from June to July 2021 (Delta variant) and 148 patients from December to February 2022 (Omicron wave) were included in the study. A comparison was done between the basic characteristics of patients with and without ICU admissions in both variants of COVID-19. We compared the relationship of different parameters of CBC (hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood count (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets) on ICU admission and further analyzed any changes associated with ICU mortality. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship of different presenting CBCs on patients' disposition to ICU. Result: A total of 211 patients (106 female) in the Delta wave (2021 variant) and 148 patients (80 female) in the Omicron wave (2022 variant) with an average ages of 60.9 ±18.10 (Delta variant) and 63.2 ± 19.10 (Omicron variant) were included in this study. There were 45 patients (21.3%) in the Delta wave and 42 patients (28.4%) in the Omicron wave were admitted to ICU. The average length of hospital stay was seven days in the Delta wave and nine days in the Omicron wave. No significant association was found between presenting cell count and ICU admission (p>0.05). Significant associations were found between different cell counts on admission and discharge and death in Delta waves except Hgb and platelets on admission. However, in the Omicron variant, a significant association was found only between WBC on admission and discharge, and Hgb and neutrophil on discharge with death in the univariate model. CONCLUSION Comparative study of different clinical parameters between the Delta and the Omicron variants of COVID-19 with the correlation of ICU stay and mortality can be used as a beneficial modality in assessing the outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, USA
| | | | - Umar Zahid
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Anjula Gandhi
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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The Association between Admission Procalcitonin Level and The Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101389. [PMID: 36295550 PMCID: PMC9611309 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An elevated procalcitonin level has classically been linked to bacterial infections. Data on the association between elevated procalcitonin and the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are conflicting. Some linked it to associated bacterial co-infections, while others correlated the elevation with disease severity without coexisting bacterial infections. We aimed to investigate the association between high procalcitonin and the severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into two groups: the normal-procalcitonin group and the high-procalcitonin group (>0.05 ng/mL). Patients with concomitant bacterial infections on admission were excluded. The primary outcomes were the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, progression to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and in-hospital 28-day mortality. Results: We included 260 patients in the normal procalcitonin group and 397 patients in the high procalcitonin group. The mean age was 55 years and 49% were females. A higher number of patients in the elevated procalcitonin group required ICU admission (32.7% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001) and IMV (27.2% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the elevated procalcitonin group (18.9% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for other covariates, procalcitonin > 0.05 ng/mL was an independent predictor of progression to IMV (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.08−2.71; p = 0.022), ICU admission (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.13−2.66; p = 0.011), and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14−3.47; p = 0.015). An elevated procalcitonin level was the strongest predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Measurement of procalcitonin can have a prognostic role among COVID-19 patients. The admission procalcitonin level can identify patients at risk of ICU admission, progression to IMV, and in-hospital mortality.
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Jamil M, Bhattacharya PK, Barman B, Lynrah KG, Lyngdoh M, Tiewsoh I, Gupta A, Mandal A, Sahoo DP, Sathees V. COVID-19 Vaccination Status Among Healthcare Workers and Its Effect on Disease Manifestations: A Study From Northeast India. Cureus 2022; 14:e25159. [PMID: 35747003 PMCID: PMC9206765 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Since being declared a global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to millions of cases and deaths worldwide. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to wreak havoc on individuals, healthcare systems, and economies, the intensive vaccination strategies adopted by several countries have significantly slowed the progress and the severity of the disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the COVID-19 vaccination status among healthcare workers (HCWs) and examine the effects of vaccination on disease manifestations. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Northeast India from April 2021 to September 2021, during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs employed in the hospital who were laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 based on semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) on oropharyngeal samples were included in the study. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2019, Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) Results A total of 178 HCWs reported positive for COVID-19 infection during the study period. Of these, 42 (23.59%) were males and 136 were females (76.40%). Among them, 86 (48.32%) HCWs were fully vaccinated, 58 (32.58%) were partially vaccinated, and 34 (19.10%) were not vaccinated. Most of the HCWs experienced mild disease (145, 81.46%), and only four (2.24%) reported moderate to severe disease. Compared with unvaccinated HCWs, individuals who have had either one or two doses of vaccines were less likely to have moderate to severe disease or seek treatment at the hospital. On symptoms analysis, shortness of breath was found to be more common in unvaccinated individuals than in vaccinated patients, and anosmia and loss of taste were more common in vaccinated than in unvaccinated individuals. No deaths were reported among the participants included in this study. Conclusions Following the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, a substantial proportion of HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2, likely as a result of the acquisition of the virus in the community during the early phase of local spread. Fully vaccinated individuals with COVID-19 were more likely to be completely asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic compared to unvaccinated HCWs.
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