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Amoon H, Moghadam A, Hajkarim MC. Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of antibacterial activity of Novel CMC/CuO NPs/CQDs bionanocomposite coating. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131922. [PMID: 38688345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a common problem in healthcare facilities such as hospitals. As a result, researchers are currently developing nanocomposite coatings that are strengthened with antibacterial nanoparticles. In this research, a novel antibacterial bionanocomposite coating based on carboxymethyl cellulose polymer/copper oxide nanoparticles/carbon quantum dots was coated on medical grade 316 stainless steel by sol-gel dip-coating method. The effect of the concentration of nanocomposite components was investigated at four different levels to determine the best ratio with the most antibacterial activity. Structural characteristics of nanocomposite and coating were investigated using different analysis methods. The coating analysis showed that reinforcements are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. Antibacterial test of disc diffusion was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) antibacterial test. The results showed that bionanocomposite was effective in the MIC assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 25 mg/ml and >50 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibition zones for E. coli and S. aureus were 17 and 32 mm, respectively, at 10 μg/disc of gentamicin. SEM images displayed significant and evident alterations in the structure of bacterial morphology, indicating cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Amoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ayoub Moghadam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Maryam Chalabi Hajkarim
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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Grigoraș CG, Simion AI, Drob C. Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Nanoparticles and Their Suitability for Dyes Adsorption from Aqueous Media: Assessment of the Last-Decade Progresses. Gels 2024; 10:211. [PMID: 38534629 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Water is one of the fundamental resources for the existence of humans and the environment. Throughout time, due to urbanization, expanding population, increased agricultural production, and intense industrialization, significant pollution with persistent contaminants has been noted, placing the water quality in danger. As a consequence, different procedures and various technologies have been tested and used in order to ensure that water sources are safe for use. The adsorption process is often considered for wastewater treatment due to its straightforward design, low investment cost, availability, avoidance of additional chemicals, lack of undesirable byproducts, and demonstrated significant efficacious potential for treating and eliminating organic contaminants. To accomplish its application, the need to develop innovative materials has become an essential goal. In this context, an overview of recent advances in hydrogels based on chitosan and nanocomposites and their application for the depollution of wastewater contaminated with dyes is reported herein. The present review focuses on (i) the challenges raised by the synthesis process and characterization of the different hydrogels; (ii) the discussion of the impact of the main parameters affecting the adsorption process; (iii) the understanding of the adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic behavior; and (iv) the examination of the possibility of recycling and reusing the hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Gabriela Grigoraș
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Calea Mărășești 157, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Andrei-Ionuț Simion
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Calea Mărășești 157, 600115 Bacău, Romania
| | - Cătălin Drob
- Department of Engineering and Management, Mechatronics, Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Calea Mărășești 157, 600115 Bacău, Romania
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3
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Ahmaruzzaman M, Roy P, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Badawi M, Ganachari SV, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM. Polymeric hydrogels-based materials for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138743. [PMID: 37105310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and reliable wastewater treatment is a relevant issue worldwide to reduce the concentration of environmental pollutants. Industrial effluents containing dyes, heavy metals, and other inorganic and organic compounds can pollute water resources; therefore, novel technologies are required to mitigate and control their release into the environment. Adsorption is one of the simplest methods for treating contaminated water in which a wide spectrum of adsorbents can be used to remove emerging compounds. Hydrogels are interesting materials with high adsorption capacities that can be synthesized via green routes. These adsorbents are promising for large-scale industrial wastewater treatment applications; however, gaps still exist in achieving sustainable commercial implementation. This review focuses on the discussion and analysis of preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties of hydrogels for water purification. The advantages of these polymeric materials for water treatment were analyzed, including their performance in the removal of different organic and inorganic contaminants. Recent advances in the functionalization of hydrogels and the synthesis of novel composites have also been described. The adsorption capacities of hydrogel-based adsorbents are higher than 500 mg/g for different organic and inorganic pollutants, and can reach values of up to >2000 mg/g for organic compounds, significantly outperforming other materials reported for water cleaning. The main interactions involved in the adsorption of water pollutants using hydrogel-based adsorbents were described and explained to allow the interpretation of their removal mechanisms. The current challenges in the implementation of hydrogels for water purification in real-life operations are also highlighted. This review provides an updated picture of hydrogels as interesting materials to address water depollution worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahmaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, 788010, Assam, India.
| | - Prerona Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, 788010, Assam, India
| | | | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Sharanabasava V Ganachari
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India.
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Nasef SM, Khozemy EE, Mahmoud GA. pH-responsive chitosan/acrylamide/gold/nanocomposite supported with silver nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drug. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7818. [PMID: 37188828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a pH-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel based on chitosan grafted with acrylamide monomer and gold nanoparticles using gamma irradiation method (Cs-g-PAAm/AuNPs). The nanocomposite was enhanced with a layer coating of silver nanoparticles to improve the controlled release of the anticancer drug fluorouracil while increasing antimicrobial activity and decreasing the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in nanocomposite hydrogel by combining with gold nanoparticles to enhance the ability to kill a high number of liver cancer cells. The structure of the nanocomposite materials was studied using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD patterns, which demonstrated the entrapment of gold and silver nanoparticles within the prepared polymer matrix. Dynamic light scattering data revealed the presence of gold and silver in the nanoscale with the polydispersity indexes in the mid-range values, indicating that distribution systems work best. Swelling experiments at various pH levels revealed that the prepared Cs-g-PAAm/Au-Ag-NPs nanocomposite hydrogels were highly responsive to pH changes. Bimetallic pH-responsive Cs-g-PAAm/Au-Ag-NPs nanocomposites exhibit strong antimicrobial activity. The presence of AuNPs reduced the cytotoxicity of AgNPs while increasing their ability to kill a high number of liver cancer cells.Cs-g-PAAm/Au-Ag-NPs has a high amount of fluorouracil drug loaded at pH 7.4 reaching 95 mg/g with a maximum drug release of 97% within 300 min. Cs-g-PAAm/Au-Ag-NPs have been recommended to use as oral delivery of anticancer drugs because they secure the encapsulated drug in the acidic medium of the stomach and release it in the intestinal pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Nasef
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Khozemy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Mahmoud
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Abdel-Raouf MES, Farag RK, Farag AA, Keshawy M, Abdel-Aziz A, Hasan A. Chitosan-Based Architectures as an Effective Approach for the Removal of Some Toxic Species from Aqueous Media. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10086-10099. [PMID: 36969416 PMCID: PMC10035021 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Modified uncrosslinked and crosslinked chitosan derivatives were investigated as green sorbents for the removal of copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) cations from simulated solutions. In this regard, N, O carboxymethyl chitosan (N, O CMC), chitosan beads (Cs-g-GA), chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde/methylene bisacrylamide (Cs/GA/MBA), and chitosan crosslinked with GA/epichlorohydrin (Cs/GA/ECH) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Atomic force microscopy investigation was carried out to compare the surface topography of the prepared samples before and after the metal uptake. The kinetics of the removal process were investigated by pseudo-first-order and -second-order models. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms were carefully studied by applying Langmuir and Freundlich models. The data reveal that upon adsorption of copper(II) metal ions, all chitosan-modified products followed the Langmuir isotherm except for Cs/GA/ECH which followed the Freundlich isotherms, and the highest adsorption capacity (q e) was obtained for Cs/GA/MBA due to the formation of stable chelate structures between the metal cation and the functional groups present on the modified chitosan product. The order of metal uptake at the optimum pH value is as follows: Cs/GA/MBA (Cu: 95.7 mg/g, Pb: 99.15 mg/g), Cs/GA/ECH (Cu: 80.4 mg/g, Pb: 93.14 mg/g), Cs-g-GA (Cu: 77 mg/g, Pb: 88.4 mg/g), and N, O CMCh (Cu: 30.2 mg/g, Pb: 44.8 mg/g). The AFM data confirmed the metal uptake process by comparing the roughness and height measurements of the free sorbents and the metal-loaded sorbents.
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Saigl Z, Tifouti O, Alkhanbashi B, Alharbi G, Algamdi H. Chitosan as adsorbent for removal of some organic dyes: a review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Radiation Synthesis of Green Nanoarchitectonics of Guar Gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Sustainable Agriculture. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the current study, the performance of superabsorbent hydrogel composites comprised of Guar gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/ZnO crosslinked with gamma irradiation (10 kGy) has been investigated for sustainable agriculture. The claimed composites (GG/PC/PAAm/ZnOx) were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and AFM. The swelling capacity data reveal that the equilibrium water swelling (EW) of the composites was increased by increasing the ZnO content from 600 to 1050 g/g for zero to the highest concentration of ZnO, respectively. Furthermore, the physical properties of the soil mixed with the hydrogels were improved; water holding capacity (WHC) increased to 66% and water retention (WR) kept at 15% after 20 days. The composites showed a good degradability in the biodegradation test. They also portrayed super-absorption capacity at three swelling/deswelling cycles. This advancement is important for reducing water consumption through the irrigation of arid lands. The prepared composites were proved as excellent candidates in sustainable agriculture applications.
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Mahmoud GA, Ezz El-Din MR, Mohamed AA. Safe isolation and storage of simulated radioactive waste contains cesium and cobalt ions by magnetic natural-based nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Wen D, Peng J, Zhao L, Zhai M. Recent progress in environmental applications of functional adsorbent prepared by radiation techniques: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:126887. [PMID: 34763925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has been accelerated due to fast urbanization and industrialization, and thus hazardous contaminants removal and valuable metal recovery have become urgent. Adsorption has become a promising technology for water treatment because of its advantages of low-cost, good reusability, low energy consumption, high capacity and high selectivity. Particularly, radiation techniques including radiation induced graft copolymerization and radiation crosslinking have been found to be widely utilized to exploit adsorbents for water treatment. In this review, the current status and progress of adsorbents in environmental pollution in the past decade are summarized, including adsorbents (in form of particles, fiber and fabric, membrane, novel nanomaterials) synthesized by radiation induced graft copolymerization and hydrogel-based adsorbents fabricated by radiation crosslinking. Finally, further perspective on the development and challenge of adsorbents by radiation techniques is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Maolin Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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10
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Sirajudheen P, Poovathumkuzhi NC, Vigneshwaran S, Chelaveettil BM, Meenakshi S. Applications of chitin and chitosan based biomaterials for the adsorptive removal of textile dyes from water - A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118604. [PMID: 34561004 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pollutants in the water bodies deteriorate the water quality and make it unfit for use. From an environmental perspective, it is essential to develop new technologies for the wastewater treatment and recycling of dye contaminated water. The surface modified chitin and chitosan biopolymeric composites based adsorbents, have an important role in the toxic organic dyes from removal wastewater. The surface modification of biopolymers with various organics and inorganics produces more active sites at the surface of the adsorbent, which enhances dye and adsorbent interaction more reliable. Herein, the work brought in the thought of the application of various chitin and chitosan composites in wastewater remediation and suggested the versatility in composites for the development of rapid, selective and effective removal processes for the detoxification of a variety of organic dyes. It further emphasizes the existing obstruction and impending prediction for the deprivation of dyes via adsorption techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palliyalil Sirajudheen
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, Tirurangadi - 676306, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sivakumar Vigneshwaran
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering and Technology, 11 Vadapudupatti- 625 531, Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sankaran Meenakshi
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed to be University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.
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ALSamman MT, Sánchez J. Recent advances on hydrogels based on chitosan and alginate for the adsorption of dyes and metal ions from water. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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12
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Kulal P, Badalamoole V. Evaluation of gum ghatti-g-poly(itaconic acid) magnetite nanocomposite as an adsorbent material for water purification. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2232-2242. [PMID: 34780891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A porous hydrogel nanocomposite has been made by grafting poly(itaconic acid) on the polysaccharide, gum ghatti and by embedding magnetite nanoparticles in the copolymer gel matrix. This novel functional material Ggh-g-PIA/Fe3O4 was characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS, XRD, BET, Zeta potential measurements and VSM techniques. The nanocomposite possesses mesoporous structure with high surface area and exhibits super-paramagnetic behavior due to the presence of magnetite nanoparticles. The hydrogel nanocomposite was evaluated as an adsorbent material for removal of dyes and divalent metal ions. Significant adsorption capacities of 410.2, 387.6, 416.5 and 401.4 mg g-1 towards methylene blue, rhodamine 6G, Cu (II) and Hg (II) ions respectively were observed. The adsorption isotherms were well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and kinetic studies demonstrated the adsorption to be a pseudo second order kinetic process. Intraparticle diffusion model suggested adsorption to occur by a multi-step diffusion process. Thermodynamic studies indicated a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption. Further, the desorption study indicated the possibility of successful regeneration of the adsorbent. A high removal efficiency, recyclability, convenient recovery after use due to the magnetic nature makes this polysaccharide based nanocomposite an environment friendly adsorbent material for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Kulal
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199 (D.K.), Karnataka, India
| | - Vishalakshi Badalamoole
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199 (D.K.), Karnataka, India.
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13
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Taha GM, Mansor ES, Sultan M. Development of Arabic gum-based AgTiO 2 nanocomposite hydrogel as high efficient adsorbent of cationic dye methylene blue from water. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1859-1870. [PMID: 34774588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemically crosslinked silver titanium dioxide embedded Arabic gum grafted polyacrylamide-polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite AgTiO2@AG-g-P(AM-co-AN)was successfully synthesized and investigated by ATR-IR, XRD, and SEM. The synthesis optimization parameters of AG-g-P(AM-co-AN)were 5% AG, 1/0.5 AM/AN monomer molar ratio, 0.5 mg MBA cross-linker, and AgTiO2 content (1%) gives AgTiO2@AG-g-P(AM-co-AN) nanocomposite. While adsorption studies for AgTiO2@AG-g-P(AM-co-AN) exhabited the maximum adsorption capacity (104.50 ± 3.02 mg/g) at concentration (150 mg/L), MB concentration (15 mg/L) and pH (8.0). The adsorption nonlinear kinetics models were used. Pseudo-second order governs the adsorption process, and the Langmuir model is more suited than Freundlich and Temkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Taha
- Pre-treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - E S Mansor
- Water Treatment, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Sultan
- Packaging Materials, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
A critical review on the synthesis, characterization, and modeling of polymer grafting is presented. Although the motivation stemmed from grafting synthetic polymers onto lignocellulosic biopolymers, a comprehensive overview is also provided on the chemical grafting, characterization, and processing of grafted materials of different types, including synthetic backbones. Although polymer grafting has been studied for many decades—and so has the modeling of polymer branching and crosslinking for that matter, thereby reaching a good level of understanding in order to describe existing branching/crosslinking systems—polymer grafting has remained behind in modeling efforts. Areas of opportunity for further study are suggested within this review.
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Use of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles as Reinforcement Agent of Polysaccharide-Based Materials. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a strong interest has emerged in polysaccharide-hybrid composites and their potential applications, which have interesting functional and technological properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported advantages and limitations of the functionalization of conventional and nonconventional polysaccharides by adding TiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcement agent. Their effects on the mechanical, thermal, and UV-barrier properties as well as their water-resistance are discussed. In general, the polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid materials showed improved physicochemical properties in a TiO2 content-dependent response. It showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive), yeasts, and molds with enhanced UV-protective effects for food and non-food packaging purposes. The reported applications of functionalized polysaccharide–TiO2 composites include photocatalysts (dye removal from aqueous media and water purification), biomedical (wound-healing material, drug delivery systems, biosensor, and tissue engineering), food preservation (fruits and meat), cosmetics (sunscreen and bleaching tooth treatment), textile (cotton fabric self-cleaning), and dye-sensitized solar cells. Furthermore, the polysaccharide–TiO2 showed high biocompatibility without adverse effects on different cell lines, indicating that their use in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications is safe. However, it is necessary to evaluate the structural changes promoted by the storage conditions (time and temperature) on the physicochemical properties of polysaccharide–TiO2 hybrid composites to guarantee their stability during a determined time.
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