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Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent progress in engineered extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications. Life Sci 2024; 350:122747. [PMID: 38797364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To present the recent update on the isolation, engineering techniques for extracellular vesicles, limitations associated with different isolation techniques, different biomedical applications, and challenges of engineered extracellular vesicles for the benefit of researchers from academic, industry, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles from most recognized journals were collected, and presented information was analyzed to discuss collection, chemical, electroporation, cellular, and membrane surface engineering to design extracellular vesicles for various therapeutic applications. In addition, we present the applications and limitations of techniques for the collection of extracellular vesicles. KEY FINDINGS There is a need for isolation techniques with the gold standard. However, advanced extracellular vesicle isolation techniques showed improved recovery, and purity of extracellular vesicles. Tumor therapy is a major part of the therapy section that illustrates the role of engineered extracellular vesicles in synergetic therapy such as phototherapy, theragnostic, and delivery of genetic materials. In addition, extracellular vesicles have shown their potential in the treatment of retinal disorders, neurodegenerative disease, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine production, and wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Engineered extracellular vesicles can deliver cargo to the specific cells, elicit an immune response and could be used for the development of the vaccines in the future. However, the progress is at the initial stage. Overall, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding and could serve as a reference for researchers in the clinical translation of engineered extracellular vesicles in different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India.
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Kumar MN, Kalarikkal SP, Jayaram Y, Narayanan J, Sundaram GM. Protocol to produce plant-based hybrid nanovesicles from fresh turmeric and pepper using polyethylene glycol. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102924. [PMID: 38430518 PMCID: PMC10918324 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ENVs) are also enriched with host plant bioactives. Both curcumin and piperine are water insoluble, lack bioavailability, and are extracted by non-ecofriendly solvents. Herein, we present an eco-friendly protocol for co-isolating both curcumin and piperine in the form of hybrid ENVs. We describe steps for sample pre-processing, combined homogenization of plant materials, filtration, and differential centrifugation. We then detail procedures for polyethylene glycol-based fusion and precipitation of hybrid ENVs. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kumar et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana N Kumar
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India.
| | - Sreeram Peringattu Kalarikkal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Yashaswini Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Janakiraman Narayanan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600006, India
| | - Gopinath M Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India.
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Emmanuela N, Muhammad DR, Iriawati, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi YMD, Takemori H, Ana ID, Yuniati R, Handayani W, Wungu TDK, Tabata Y, Barlian A. Isolation of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) from Solanum nigrum L. berries and Their Effect on interleukin-6 expression as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296259. [PMID: 38175845 PMCID: PMC10766179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a temporary response of the immune system that can be treated using common anti-inflammatory drugs. However, prolonged use of these drugs increases the risk of adverse side effects. Accordingly, there is an increasing need for alternative treatments for inflammation with fewer side effects. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and have been studied as a candidate for cell-free therapy for inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, the focus of exosome research has shifted from animal cell-derived exosomes to plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are easier to obtain, have minimal safety concerns, and can be produced in higher quantities and lower cost than exosomes derived from animal cells. In this study, the isolation and analysis of the anti-inflammatory potential of PDENs from black nightshade berries (Solanum nigrum L.) were carried out. The results of isolation and characterization showed that PDENs had a spherical morphology, measuring around 107 nm with zeta potential of -0.6 mV, and had a protein concentration of 275.38 μg/mL. PDENs were also shown to be internalized by RAW264.7 macrophage cell line after 2 hours of incubation and had no cytotoxicity effect up to the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, exposure to several doses of PDENs to the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-6, as well as the expression of IL-6 protein up to 97,28%. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of neral, a monoterpene compound with known anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of PDENs isolated from Solanum nigrum L. berries. Taken together, the present study was the first to isolate and characterize PDENs from Solanum nigrum L. berries. The results of this study also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of PDEN by suppressing the production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasya Emmanuela
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Iriawati
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Yuniati
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Windri Handayani
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Life and Medical Science (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Spada M, Dolo V, Fais S, Logozzi M. Oral Treatment with Plant-Derived Exosomes Restores Redox Balance in H 2O 2-Treated Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37371899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are receiving much attention as a natural source of antioxidants. Previous research has shown that PDEs contain a series of bioactives and that their content varies depending on the fruit or vegetable source. It has also been shown that fruits and vegetables derived from organic agriculture produce more exosomes, are safer, free of toxic substances, and contain more bioactives. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of orally administered mixes of PDE (Exocomplex®) to restore the physiological conditions of mice treated for two weeks with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), compared with mice left untreated after the period of H2O2 administration and mice that received only water during the experimental period. The results showed that Exocomplex® had a high antioxidant capacity and contained a series of bioactives, including Catalase, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbic Acid, Melatonin, Phenolic compounds, and ATP. The oral administration of Exocomplex® to the H2O2-treated mice re-established redox balance with reduced serum levels of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but also a general recovery of the homeostatic condition at the organ level, supporting the future use of PDE for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Seo K, Yoo JH, Kim J, Min SJ, Heo DN, Kwon IK, Moon HJ. Ginseng-derived exosome-like nanovesicles extracted by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5798-5808. [PMID: 36857681 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular nanovesicles contain RNA and proteins with unique and diverse pharmacological mechanisms. The extracellular nanovesicles encapsulating plant extracts resemble exosomes as they have a round, lipid bilayer morphology. Ginseng is anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunostimulant, and osteogenic/anti-osteoporotic. Here, we confirmed that ginseng-derived extracellular nanovesicles (GDNs) inhibit osteoclast differentiation and elucidated the associated molecular mechanisms. We isolated GDNs by centrifugation with a sucrose gradient. We measured their dynamic light scattering and zeta potentials and examined their morphology by transmission electron microscopy. We used bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) to determine the potential cytotoxicity of GDNs and establish their ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. The GDNs treatment maintained high BMM viability and proliferation whilst impeding osteoclastogenesis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and F-actin staining revealed that GDNs at concentrations >1 μg mL-1 strongly hindered osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, they substantially suppressed the RANKL-induced IκBα, c-JUN n-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways and the genes regulating osteoclast maturation. The GDNs contained elevated proportions of Rb1 and Rg1 ginsenosides and were more effective than either of them alone or in combination at inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. In vivo bone analysis via microcomputerized tomography, bone volume/total volume ratios, and bone mineral density and bone cavity measurements demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GDNs against osteoclast differentiation in lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption mouse models. The results of this work suggest that GDNs are anti-osteoporotic by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and are, therefore, promising for use in the clinical prevention and treatment of bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwansung Seo
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sung Jun Min
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Nyoung Heo
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Jin Moon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Ly NP, Han HS, Kim M, Park JH, Choi KY. Plant-derived nanovesicles: Current understanding and applications for cancer therapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:365-383. [PMID: 36311046 PMCID: PMC9588993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived vesicles (PDVs) are membranous structures that originate from plant cells and are responsible for multiple physiological and pathological functions. In the last decade, PDVs have gained much attention for their involvement in different biological processes, including intercellular communication and defense response, and recent scientific evidence has opened a new avenue for their applications in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, much remains unknown about these vesicles, and current research remains inconsistent. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to PDVs, from their biological characteristics to purification methods, and to summarize the status of their potential development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Phung Ly
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SQ, Kim KH. Emergence of Edible Plant-Derived Nanovesicles as Functional Food Components and Nanocarriers for Therapeutics Delivery: Potentials in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142232. [PMID: 35883674 PMCID: PMC9319657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a highly heterogeneous population of membranous particles that are secreted by almost all types of cells across different domains of life, including plants. In recent years, studies on plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) showed that they could modulate metabolic reactions of the recipient cells, affecting (patho)physiology with health benefits in a trans-kingdom manner. In addition to its bioactivity, PDNV has advantages over conventional nanocarriers, making its application promising for therapeutics delivery. Here, we discuss the characteristics of PDNV and highlight up-to-date pre-clinical and clinical evidence, focusing on therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q. Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-496-2330
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Ashraf J, Akbarinejad A, Hisey CL, Bryant DT, Wang J, Zhu B, Evans CW, Williams DE, Chamley LW, Barker D, Pilkington LI, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Cloth Captures and Releases Extracellular Vesicles by a Rapid and Controlled Redox Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32880-32889. [PMID: 35820023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques offer great opportunities for the capture of chemical and biological entities from complex mixtures and their subsequent release into clean buffers for analysis. Such methods are clean, robust, rapid, and compatible with a wide range of biological fluids. Here, we designed an electrochemically addressable system, based on a conducting terpolymer [P(EDOT-co-EDOTSAc-co-EDOTEG)] coated onto a carbon cloth substrate, to selectively capture and release biological entities using a simple electrochemical redox process. The conducting terpolymer composition was optimized and the terpolymer-coated carbon cloth was extensively characterized using electrochemical analysis, Raman and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The conductive terpolymer possesses a derivative of EDOT with an acetylthiomethyl moiety (EDOTSAc), which is converted into a "free" thiol that then undergoes reversible oxidation/reduction cycles at +1.0 V and -0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively. That redox process enables electrochemical capture and on-demand release. We first demonstrated the successful electrochemical capture/release of a fluorescently labeled IgG antibody. The same capture/release procedure was then applied to release extracellular vesicles (EVs), originating from both MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell line bioreactors. EVs were captured using the substrate-conjugated HER2 antibody which was purified from commercially available trastuzumab. Capture and release of breast cancer EVs using a trastuzumab-derived HER2 antibody has not been reported before (to the best of our knowledge). A rapid (2 min) release at a low potential (-0.8 V) achieved a high release efficiency (>70%) of the captured, HER2+ve, SKBR3 EVs. The developed system and the electrochemical method are efficient and straightforward and have vast potential for the isolation and concentration of various biological targets from large volumes of biological and other (e.g., environmental) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesna Ashraf
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alireza Akbarinejad
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Colin L Hisey
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Devon T Bryant
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Julie Wang
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Clive W Evans
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David E Williams
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations (HEVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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