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Ramos Leal G, Santos Monteiro CA, Souza-Fabjan JMG, de Paula Vasconcelos CO, Garcia Nogueira LA, Reis Ferreira AM, Varella Serapião R. Role of cAMP modulator supplementations during oocyte in vitro maturation in domestic animals. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 199:1-14. [PMID: 30449707 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important molecule in signal transduction within the cell, functioning as a second cell messenger of gonadotrophin stimulation. The concentration of cAMP in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is known to be controlled through modulation of its synthesis by adenylyl cyclase (AC) and by degradation through the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. One of the main obstacles for in vitro embryo production is the optimization of reproduction processes that occur in oocyte maturation. The function of cAMP is important in maintaining meiotic arrest in mammalian oocytes. When the oocyte is physically removed from the antral follicle for in vitro maturation (IVM), intra-oocyte cAMP concentrations decrease and spontaneous meiotic resumption begins, due to the depletion of inhibitory factors from the follicle. In many studies, relatively greater cAMP concentrations before IVM has been reported to improve oocyte competence, leading to subsequent benefits in embryonic development in different species. There, therefore, has been an increase in oocyte cAMP concentrations with several treatments and different approaches, such as invasive AC, stimulators of AC activity, PDE inhibitors, and cAMP analogs. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate and provide data related to (i) the use of cAMP modulators during IVM and the effects on completion of meiosis and cytoplasmic reorganization, which are required for development of oocytes with the capacity to contribute to fertilization and subsequent embryonic development; and (ii) the main cAMP modulators and the effects when used in oocyte IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ramos Leal
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Clara Ana Santos Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joanna Maria Gonçalves Souza-Fabjan
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Otávio de Paula Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Altamiro Garcia Nogueira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Rua Vital Brazil Filho, 64, 24230-340, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Varella Serapião
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO RIO) - Avenida São Boa Ventura, 770, 24120-19, Fonseca, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sunkara LT, Zeng X, Curtis AR, Zhang G. Cyclic AMP synergizes with butyrate in promoting β-defensin 9 expression in chickens. Mol Immunol 2013; 57:171-80. [PMID: 24141182 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDP) have both microbicidal and immunomodulatory properties. Specific induction of endogenous HDP synthesis has emerged as a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and butyrate have been implicated in HDP induction in humans. However, the role of cAMP signaling and the possible interactions between cAMP and butyrate in regulating HDP expression in other species remain unknown. Here we report that activation of cAMP signaling induces HDP gene expression in chickens as exemplified by β-defensin 9 (AvBD9). We further showed that, albeit being weak inducers, cAMP agonists synergize strongly with butyrate or butyrate analogs in AvBD9 induction in macrophages and primary jejunal explants. Additionally, oral supplementation of forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase agonist in the form of a Coleus forskohlii extract, was found to induce AvBD9 expression in the crop of chickens. Furthermore, feeding with both forskolin and butyrate showed an obvious synergy in triggering AvBD9 expression in the crop and jejunum of chickens. Surprisingly, inhibition of the MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway augmented the butyrate-FSK synergy, whereas blocking JNK or p38 MAPK pathway significantly diminished AvBD9 induction in chicken macrophages and jejunal explants in response to butyrate and FSK individually or in combination. Collectively, these results suggest the potential for concomitant use of butyrate and cAMP signaling activators in enhancing HDP expression, innate immunity, and disease resistance in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi T Sunkara
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Lo KWH, Kan HM, Ashe KM, Laurencin CT. The small molecule PKA-specific cyclic AMP analogue as an inducer of osteoblast-like cells differentiation and mineralization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:40-8. [PMID: 21312339 DOI: 10.1002/term.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblastic differentiation is an important landmark for bone formation, bone repair and regeneration; however, it is a very complex process controlled by different signalling mechanisms. Several groups have reported that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling system is responsible for regulating osteoblast cell differentiation. Nonetheless, to date, the principle role of the cAMP molecules related to this process remains controversial. Moreover, the underlying cAMP-dependent signalling cascade governing the osteoblastic differentiation has not been clarified. In this study we investigated the roles of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signalling in proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, using the PKA-specific small molecule cAMP analogue, 6-Bnz-cAMP, at 100 µM. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, runt transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) protein expressions were used as osteoblast-specific markers to demonstrate osteoblastic differentiation. Further, calcium measurement of the extracellular matrix was employed as the hallmark of matrix mineralization or calcification. We report here that activation of PKA by the small molecule 6-Bnz-cAMP induces osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, 6-Bnz-cAMP does not induce cytotoxicity to the cells, as revealed by our cell proliferation studies. Therefore, based on these findings, we propose that the PKA-specific small molecule 6-Bnz-cAMP may serve as a novel bone-inducing growth factor for repairing and regenerating bone tissues during bone-regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W-H Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Fouad K, Ghosh M, Vavrek R, Tse AD, Pearse DD. Dose and chemical modification considerations for continuous cyclic AMP analog delivery to the injured CNS. J Neurotrauma 2009; 26:733-40. [PMID: 19397425 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, two cell-permeable synthetic analogs of cAMP, dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) and 8-bromo-cAMP, which are widely used to elevate intracellular cAMP levels under experimental conditions, were investigated for their ability to dose-dependently improve histological and functional outcomes following continuous delivery in two models of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). The cAMP analogs were delivered via osmotic minipumps at 1-250 mM through an indwelling cortical cannula or by intrathecal infusion for up to 4 weeks after either a T8 unilateral over-hemisection or a C2-3 dorsolateral quadrant lesion, respectively. In both SCI models, continuous db-cAMP delivery was associated with histopathological changes that included sporadic micro-hemorrhage formation and cavitation, enhanced macrophage infiltration and tissue damage at regions beyond the immediate application site; no deleterious or beneficial effect of agent delivery was observed at the spinal injury site. Furthermore, these changes were accompanied by pronounced behavioral deficits that included an absence of progressive locomotor recovery, increased extensor tone, paralysis, and sensory abnormalities. These deleterious effects were not observed in saline-treated animals, in animals in which the db-cAMP dose did not exceed 1 mM, or in those animals that received a high dose (250 mM) of the alternative cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP. These results demonstrate that, for continuous intraparenchymal or intrathecal administration of cAMP analogs for the study of biological or therapeutic effects within the central nervous system (CNS), consideration of the effective concentration applied as well as the potential toxicity of chemical moieties on the parent molecule and/or their activity needs to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fouad
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Candia OA, Kong CW, Alvarez LJ. IBMX-elicited inhibition of water permeability in the isolated rabbit conjunctival epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2008; 86:480-91. [PMID: 18234193 PMCID: PMC2288740 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Agents expected to increase intracellular cAMP levels were tested on the diffusional water permeability (P(dw)) of isolated rabbit conjunctival epithelia given recent indications of the apical expression of AQP5, a water channel homologue regulated by cAMP in other cell systems. For these experiments, segments of conjunctivae were mounted between Ussing-type hemichambers under short-circuit conditions. Unidirectional water fluxes (J(dw)) were measured by adding (3)H(2)O to one hemichamber and sampling from the other, while the electrical parameters (I(sc) and R(t)) were recorded simultaneously. J(dw) were determined under control conditions and after the introduction of forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP, rolipram and IBMX. All agents reduced J(dw), with rolipram and IBMX the most effective inhibitors (~28% reduction), while simultaneously evoking stimulations of the I(sc); suggesting that cAMP regulates ionic transport and P(dw) independently. This observation was consistent with the elimination of the IBMX-elicited I(sc) stimulations by the PKA inhibitor, H89, and the ineffectiveness of the sulfonamide in preventing the J(dw) reductions produced by the xanthine. Data from mannitol fluxes and Arrhenius plots indicated that the IBMX-elicited P(dw) reduction occurred at the level of water-transporting channels, but the specific moiety was not identified. Instead it was observed that lipophiles commonly used in other systems to uncouple cellular communication precluded the effects of IBMX on J(dw), but the mechanism for these results was not directly linked to gap-junction blockade in the conjunctiva, as assessed by the transepithelial electrical parameters. Putatively, agents such as heptanol, by also fluidizing the bilayer, may have changed the conformation of a water channel in a manner preventing down-regulation by IBMX. Nevertheless, this study uncovered an apparently unique response to cAMP elevation exhibited by the conjunctiva, namely that P(dw) declines via an H89-insensitive pathway under conditions whereby PKA-dependent electrolyte transport might be over stimulated due to excessive cAMP levels (e.g., PDE inhibition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A Candia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Brooker G. Newer developments in the determination of cyclic AMP and other cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase, and phosphodiesterase. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 22:95-121. [PMID: 4373637 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110423.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bagg MA, Nottle MB, Grupen CG, Armstrong DT. Effect of dibutyryl cAMP on the cAMP content, meiotic progression, and developmental potential of in vitro matured pre-pubertal and adult pig oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:1326-32. [PMID: 16865720 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pre-pubertal pig oocytes display reduced developmental competence compared with adult oocytes following in vitro maturation (IVM). Exposure to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) for the first 20 hr IVM improves development of pre-pubertal oocytes, suggesting that their cAMP content may be inadequate. This study examined the effect of 1 mM dbcAMP treatment for the first 22 hr of IVM on the cAMP content, meiotic progression, and embryo development of pre-pubertal and adult oocytes. In control groups, a two-fold increase in cAMP was observed in adult oocytes after 22 hr IVM, with no change in pre-pubertal oocyte cAMP content. At 22 hr IVM, dbcAMP treatment resulted in two- and five-fold increases in pre-pubertal and adult oocyte cAMP, respectively. After 22 hr control IVM, a greater proportion of pre-pubertal oocytes occupied metaphase I (MI) compared with adult oocytes (69% vs. 49%). dbcAMP treatment reduced the proportion of pre-pubertal and adult oocytes in MI stage at 22 hr. Despite dbcAMP treatment, the proportion of pre-pubertal oocytes in the MI stage at 22 hr remained higher than that of adult oocytes. In control groups, adult oocytes displayed a greater ability to form blastocysts compared with pre-pubertal oocytes following either parthenogenetic activation (59% vs. 25%) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) (47% vs. 19%). dbcAMP treatment increased subsequent blastocyst formation rates of pre-pubertal oocytes, whereas blastocyst formation rates of adult oocytes remained unchanged. Our results suggest that the reduced developmental capacity of pre-pubertal oocytes may be a consequence of their reduced ability to accumulate cAMP during IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Bagg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia.
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Haug M, Johnson F. Environmental and biological incidences over predatory aggression in rodents. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1991; 99:285-93. [PMID: 1678328 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90003-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Haug
- URA 1295, Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie, Strasbourg, France
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Alberts P. Effects of N6,2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, adenosine, and of oxotremorine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on the electrically evoked [3H]acetylcholine secretion in the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1989; 137:489-96. [PMID: 2481381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1989.tb08785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation, pre-incubated with [3H]choline, was mounted in an organ bath and superfused with Tyrode's solution. [3H]Acetylcholine secretion was evoked by 150 electrical shocks at 0.5 Hz. N6,2'-O-Dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) enhanced the [3H]acetylcholine secretion in the presence of eserine and the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (10 mumol l-1). Conversely, in the absence of 8-phenyltheophylline the [3H]acetylcholine secretion was reduced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In the absence and presence of 8-phenyltheophylline (apparent KD = 12 mumol l-1), adenosine reduced the [3H]acetylcholine secretion to 33% of control (IC50 = 8 mumol l-1) and to 48% of control (IC50 = 14 mumol l-1) respectively. Neither butyrate, dibutyryl cyclic GMP nor guanosine altered the [3H]acetylcholine secretion. Interaction experiments with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and oxotremorine were done in the absence of eserine, i.e. when oxotremorine is effective. Oxotremorine depressed the fractional secretion of [3H]acetylcholine with a 'maximal inhibition' of 13% of control (IC50 = 10 nmol l-1). In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (5 mmol l-1) oxotremorine depressed the secretion to 2% of control with an apparent IC50 value of 0.9 mumol l-1. 3-Isobutyl-I-methylxanthine (0.01-4 mmol l-1) enhanced the fractional secretion of [3H]acetylcholine with a 'maximal enhancement' value of 232% of control (EC50 = 0.19 mmol l-1). The presence of oxotremorine (30 nmol l-1) counteracted, and higher concentrations reversed, the enhancement caused by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alberts
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Umeå
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Braumann T, Jastorff B, Richter-Landsberg C. Fate of cyclic nucleotides in PC12 cell cultures: uptake, metabolism, and effects of metabolites on nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth. J Neurochem 1986; 47:912-9. [PMID: 3016191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The fate of cyclic AMP (cAMP), dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt2-cAMP), and the (Sp)-isomer of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphorothioate [(Sp)-cAMPS] was studied in the PC12 culture medium by means of HPLC. In the absence of PC12 cells, cAMP and Bt2-cAMP were rapidly degraded by nonspecific esterases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase both originating from the serum commonly used as a culture medium ingredient, whereas (Sp)-cAMPS was completely stable. Since 5'-AMP, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine appeared in the culture medium after incubation with cAMP or Bt2-cAMP, we have determined their effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. 5'-AMP, adenosine, and inosine were indeed potent agents in producing a potentiating effect on NGF-induced early neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 1 mM. Thus, cAMP metabolites had the capacity to induce an effect that has been described as cAMP-specific. In serum-free culture medium and in the presence of cells, all cyclic nucleotides were taken up by PC12 cells. Uptake was highly correlated with the hydrophobic nature of the compounds, and was accompanied by a simultaneous excretion of metabolites. On incubation with cAMP, NGF had a pronounced effect on the metabolic pattern found in the culture medium. In particular, dephosphorylation of 5'-AMP was specifically enhanced. This effect of NGF on the degradation of cAMP was also apparent when cAMP metabolites were incubated with PC12 cells. Whereas 5'-AMP degradation was greatly increased, NGF had no effect on the metabolism of the other purine compounds.
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Iizuka H, Kamigaki K, Nemoto O, Aoyagi T, Miura Y. Effects of hydrocortisone on the adrenaline-adenylate cyclase system of the skin. Br J Dermatol 1980; 102:703-10. [PMID: 6252937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb06572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using pig skin slices, we investigated the effects of hydrocortisone on the adenylate cyclase system of the skin. In short-term experiments, hydrocortisone, when added singly or in combination with other stimulators of adenylate cyclase in the skin (adrenaline or histamine), had no effect on cyclic AMP accumulation. However, when skin slices were incubated with hydrocortisone for more than 6 h, the response to adrenaline differed, with a greater accumulation of cyclic AMP in the hydrocortisone-treated skin. This effect was seen at a concentration of more than I micrometer hydrocortisone and was most marked 48 h later, while responses to adrenaline in control skin gradually decreased and remained low. Histamine, which is another stimulator of adenylate cyclase of the skin, did not cause a greater cyclic AMP accumulation in response to this hydrocortisone treatment. There was no significant difference in either low Km or high Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities as a result of this hydrocortisone treatment. Hydrocortisone seems to act by protecting the adrenaline-adenylate cyclase system of the skin.
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Korth M, Engels J. The effects of adenosine- and guanosine 3',5'-phosphoric acid benzyl esters on guinea-pig ventricular myocardium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1979; 310:103-11. [PMID: 93704 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hussa RO, Story MT, Pattillo RA, Kemp RG. Effect of cyclic 3':5'-AMP derivatives prostaglandins and related agents on human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in human malignant trophoblast in culture. IN VITRO 1977; 13:443-9. [PMID: 195896 DOI: 10.1007/bf02615105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is stimulated by addition of N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'-AMP (dbcAMP) or theophylline to normal term placenta and human malignant trophoblast cells in vitro. To understand better the specificity of this process, malignant trophoblast cultures were incubated with 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) derivatives, prostaglandins and other agents for 1 to 3 days, and the secretion of radioimmunoassayable hCG was measured. Whereas dbcAMP was the most potent agent in stimulating secretion of hCG, the N6--and O2'-monobutyryl derivatives of cAMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, papaverine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) also increased the secretion of the hormone. A slight increase in hCG secretion was observed following addition of adenine. By contrast, butyrate, cAMP, cyclic 3':5'-GMP (cGMP), dbcGMP, 5'-AMP, adenosine, L-epinephrine and prostaglandins E1, E2, F1a and F2a were ineffective. Particulate fractions from sonicates of malignant trophoblast cultures contained adenylate cyclase activity which was stimulated more than 10-fold by NaF, but not by either catecholamines or prostaglandins. The relatively specific stimulation of hCG secretion suggested that a regulatory process involving cAMP may have physiological significance in the trophoblast.
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Abstract
We have measured the effects of the carboxylic Ca++ ionophore A23187 on muscle tension, resting potential and 3-O-methylglucose efflux. The ionophore produces an increase in tension that is dependent on external Ca++ concentration since (a) the contracture was blocked by removing external Ca++ and (b) its size was increased by raising outside Ca++. Neither resting potential nor resting and insulin-stimulated sugar efflux were modified by the ionophore. These data imply that the action of insulin is not mediated by increasing cytoplasmic [Ca++]. Additional support for this conclusion was obtained by testing the effects of caffeine on sugar efflux. This agent, which releases Ca++ from the reticulum, did not increase resting sugar efflux and inhibited the insulin-stimulated efflux. Incubation in solutions containing butyrated derivatives of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP plus theophylline did not modify the effects of insulin on sugar efflux. Evidence suggesting that our experimental conditions increased the cytoplasmic cyclic AMP activity was obtained.
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Amatruda JM, Margolis S, Lockwood DH. Regulation of ketone body production from (14C)palmitate in rat liver mitochondria: effects of cyclic nucleotides and unlabeled fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 67:1337-45. [PMID: 173341 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Swislocki NI, Tierney J. Activation of solubilized liver membrane adenylate cyclase by guanyl nucleotides. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 168:455-62. [PMID: 1137408 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Hudrolysis of butyryl derivatives of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate by Chinese hamster ovary cell extracts and characterization fo the products. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Drummond GI, Hemmings S, Warneboldt RB. Uptake and catabolism of N6, 2'-O-dibutyryl cyclic AMP by the perfused heart. Life Sci 1974; 15:319-28. [PMID: 4378080 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Michal G, Mühlegger K, Nelboeck M, Thiessen C, Weimann G. Cyclophosphates VI. Cyclophosphates as substrates and effectors of phosphodiesterase. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1974; 6:203-52. [PMID: 4372643 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(74)80043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Capuzzi DM, Rothman V, Margolis S. The Regulation of Lipogenesis by Cyclic Nucleotides in Intact Hepatocytes Prepared by a Simplified Technique. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Neelon FA, Birch BM, Lebovitz HE. Preparative solvent partition chromatography of butyrylated cyclic AMP analogues. Anal Biochem 1973; 56:74-83. [PMID: 4358020 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Homcy CJ, Margolis S. Fatty acid oxidation and esterification in isolated rat hepatocytes: regulation by dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. J Lipid Res 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)36850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pfaffman MA, McFarland SA. The effects of theophylline and cyclic AMP on intestinal smooth muscle contractions. Eur J Pharmacol 1973; 23:147-52. [PMID: 4354809 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(73)90050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Whimster WF, Reid L. The influence of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and other substances on human bronchial mucous gland discharge. Exp Mol Pathol 1973; 18:234-40. [PMID: 4349938 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(73)90021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Paoletti R, Berti F, Spano P, Michal G, Weimann G, Nelboeck M. Cyclophosphates V in vivo metabolic and cardiovascular effects of new cyclophosphates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(73)80028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meinertz T, Nawrath H, Scholz H. Influence of cyclization and acyl substitution on the inotropic effects of adenine nucleotides. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 278:165-78. [PMID: 4352122 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rindi G, Sciorelli G, Poloni M, Acanfora F. Induction of ingestive responses by cAMP applied into the rat hypothalamus. EXPERIENTIA 1972; 28:1047-9. [PMID: 4353030 DOI: 10.1007/bf01918664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Szabo M, Burke G. Uptake and metabolism of 3',5' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate and N 6 ,O 2' -dibutyryl 3',5' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate in isolated bovine thyroid cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 264:289-99. [PMID: 4337617 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(72)90293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Koritz SB. DISCUSSION. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1971. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb45258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kjekshus JK, Henry PD, Sobel BE. Activation of phosphorylase by cyclic AMP without augmentation of contractility in perfused guinea pig heart. Circ Res 1971; 29:468-78. [PMID: 4330526 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.29.5.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether intracellular cyclic AMP augments myocardial contractility directly. Isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused with media containing cyclic AMP and other adcninc nucleotides with or without 3% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to facilitate myocardial uptake. Phosphorylase
b
to
a
transformation, detennined fluorometrically, was used as an index of increased intracellular cyclic AMP. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure and dP/dt were assessed in isovolumic preparations. DMSO, 3%, did not significantly affect myocardial performance or mask increased contractility produced by epinephrine. Cyclic AMP, 10
-4
M
, with or without DMSO depressed left ventricular pressure and dP/dt modestly, even when heart rate was maintained constant by pacing. Phosphorylase activation increased from a control value of 16.5±1.44% (mean±
SE
,
N
=12) to 40.0±3.1% (
N
=19) following perfusion with 10
-4
M
cyclic AMP with 3% DMSO; DMSO alone increased phosphorylase much less. 5'-AMP with DMSO compared to DMSO alone did not activate phosphorylase. The results indicate that increased intracellular cyclic AMP, achieved in the absence of adrenergic stimulation, does not increase myocardial contractility. Thus, they support the view that the positive inotropic effect produced by catecholamines is not mediated by a direct action of cyclic AMP on the contractile apparatus.
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Giacobino JP. Effects of cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and of cibutyrl-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate on the fatty acid synthesizing system of rat brown adipose tissue. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 2: BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1971; 10:1089-95. [PMID: 4331708 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Song SY, Cheung WY. Cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase properties of the enzyme of human blood platelets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 242:593-605. [PMID: 4334405 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chapter 21. Biological Actions of Cyclic AMP Analogs. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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