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Mannuronan C-5 Epimerases: Review of Activity Assays, Enzyme Characteristics, Structure, and Mechanism. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannuronan C-5 epimerases (ManC5-Es) are produced by brown algae and some bacteria, such as Azotobacter and some Pseudomonas species. It can convert the transformation of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) to α-L-guluronic acid (G) in alginate with different patterns of epimerization. Alginate with different compositions and monomer sequences possess different properties and functions, which have been utilized in industries for various purposes. Therefore, ManC5-Es are key enzymes that are involved in the modifications of alginate for fuel, chemical, and industrial applications. Focusing on ManC5-Es, this review introduces and summarizes the methods of ManC5-Es activity assay especially the most widely used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method, characterization of the ManC5-Es from different origins especially the research progress of its enzymatic properties and product block distributions, and the catalytic mechanism of ManC5-E based on the resolved enzyme structures. Additionally, some potential future research directions are also outlooked.
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On the Colorimetric-Sulfuric Acid Analysis of Uronic Acids in Food Materials: Potential Sources of Discrepancies in Data and How to Circumvent Them. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Devore DP, Loftus SA, MedChem BS. Rheology of Sodium Hyaluronate Solutions and Relevance to their Use as Medical Implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-110-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is a high molecular weight, linear polysaccharide composed of repeating subunits of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. The structure is shown in figure 1. In vertebrates, the polymer is widely distributed through all connective tissue and has been implicated in cell-cell interaction, cell matrix adhesion, cell mobility and extracellular matrix organization (1,2). NaHA is an important tissue lubricant (3,4) and has been shown to exert a facilitating influence on wound repair (5).
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Abstract
Volk, Wesley A. (University of Virginia, Charlottesville). Cell wall lipopolysaccharides from Xanthomonas species. J. Bacteriol. 91:39-42. 1966.-The lipopolysaccharides from 20 species of Xanthomonas were extracted and purified. Biological studies suggest that these lipopolysaccharides are analogous to the endotoxins extracted from enteric organisms, as judged by their mouse lethality and their ability to provoke the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. Studies on the composition of the polysaccharides revealed that all contained uronic acid, glucose, mannose, and a compound apparently identical to the 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate previously described in enteric organisms. The polysaccharide also contains organic phosphate, and additional carbohydrates such as rhamnose, xylose, fucose, and galactose are found in some, but not all, species. In contrast to the composition of the enteric lipopolysaccharides, heptose was not found in any of the lipopolysaccharides of the Xanthomonas species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Volk
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Cadmus MC, Burton KA, Slodki ME. Growth-related substituent changes in exopolysaccharides of fast-growing rhizobia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 44:242-5. [PMID: 16346062 PMCID: PMC241996 DOI: 10.1128/aem.44.1.242-245.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvic acid and O-acetyl groups are the major noncarbohydrate substituents in exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by fast-growing species of Rhizobium. EPS substituent variations were observed among strains of the same species. The amounts of these substituents also varied with culture age; pyruvic acid increased in the EPS of all four species, whereas O-acetyl increased in Rhizobium trifolii and R. leguminosarum EPS, decreased in R. meliloti EPS, and remained constant in R. phaseoli EPS. The use of glycerol as a substrate for R. meliloti significantly increased EPS yields, whereas mannitol increased those of the other three Rhizobium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cadmus
- Northern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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Usov AI. Alginic acids and alginates: analytical methods used for their estimation and characterisation of composition and primary structure. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n11abeh000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Measurement of Glycosaminoglycan Release from Cartilage Explants. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH 2007; 135:201-9. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-401-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Moretti A, Whitehouse MW. Changes in the mucopolysaccharide composition of bovine heart valves with age. Biochem J 2006; 87:396-402. [PMID: 16749009 PMCID: PMC1201907 DOI: 10.1042/bj0870396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, and Istituto di Chimica Biologica dell'Universita di Milano, Italy
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9
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Melton LD, Smith BG. Determination of the Uronic Acid Content of Plant Cell Walls Using a Colorimetric Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142913.fae0303s00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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WHITEHOUSE MW, BOSTROM H. Studies on the action of some anti-inflammatory agents in inhibiting the biosynthesis of mucopolysaccharide sulphates. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 7:135-50. [PMID: 13784886 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(61)90150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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FRANCOIS C, MARSHALL RD, NEUBERGER A. Carbohydrates in protein. 4. The determination of mannose in hen's-egg albumin by radioisotope dilution. Biochem J 1998; 83:335-41. [PMID: 13894551 PMCID: PMC1243554 DOI: 10.1042/bj0830335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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van den Hoogen BM, van Weeren PR, Lopes-Cardozo M, van Golde LM, Barneveld A, van de Lest CH. A microtiter plate assay for the determination of uronic acids. Anal Biochem 1998; 257:107-11. [PMID: 9514779 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The amount of uronic acid residues in samples containing glycosaminoglycans or pectin is an important parameter in the quantitative and structural analysis of these complex carbohydrates. This paper describes a method to determine the content of uronic acids in biological samples, using conventional polystyrene microtiter plates and microtiter plate-reading equipment with standard interference filters (i.e., 540 or 492 nm). This assay is a modification of a commonly used procedure, viz. hydrolysis of uronic acid containing carbohydrate polymers in 80% sulfuric acid containing tetraborate ions at 80 degrees C followed by a coloring step with an m-hydroxydiphenyl reagent at room temperature. The use of microtiter plates has several practical advantages: (i) less risk of handling hot, concentrated sulfuric acid is present; (ii) an accurate estimate of background absorbance by multiple reading of the plates is possible; and (iii) many samples can be assayed in one series without errors due to fading of the final color. The validity of the assay was checked for the quantification of hyaluronic acid in equine synovial fluid samples. We consider this the method of choice when a large number of samples must be analyzed for their content of uronic acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M van den Hoogen
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Animal Health, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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GOOD TA, BESSMAN SP. DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSAMINE AND GALACTOSAMINE USING BORATE BUFFERS FOR MODIFICATION OF THE ELSON-MORGAN AND MORGAN-ELSON REACTIONS. Anal Biochem 1996; 9:253-62. [PMID: 14238520 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(64)90183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Filisetti-Cozzi TM, Carpita NC. Measurement of uronic acids without interference from neutral sugars. Anal Biochem 1991; 197:157-62. [PMID: 1952059 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of carbazole with meta-hydroxydiphenyl greatly improves the determination of uronic acids in the presence of neutral sugars by preventing substantially, but not completely, the browning that occurs during the heating of sugars in concentrated sulfuric acid and avoiding the formation of additional interference by the carbazole reagent (Blumenkrantz, N., and Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973) Anal. Biochem. 54, 484-489). However, interference is still substantial when uronic acids are determined in the presence of excess neutral sugar, particularly because of the browning that occurs during the first heating before addition of the diphenyl reagent. The browning can be essentially eliminated by addition of sulfamate to the reaction mixture (Galambos, J. T. (1967) Anal. Biochem. 19, 119-132). Although others have reported that sulfamate and the diphenyl reagent were incompatible, we find that a small amount of sulfamate suppresses color production by a 20-fold excess of some neutral sugars without substantial sacrifice of the sensitive detection of uronic acids by the diphenyl reagent. Sodium tetraborate is required for the detection of D-mannuronic acid and enhances color production by D-glucuronic acid. We propose this modified sulfamate/m-hydroxydiphenyl assay as a rapid and reliable means for the assay of uronic acids, particularly when present in much smaller amounts than neutral sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Filisetti-Cozzi
- Departmento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade São Paulo, Brazil
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Kutsch H, Schleich C. Improved colorimetric determination of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid from synovial fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00472770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Comparison of the properties of hyaluronate products used in treatment of joint dysfunction in horses. J Equine Vet Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(88)80031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Jäger KE, Winkler UK. The effect of native and modified hyaluronate upon the formation of exolipase byPseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Porro M, Fabbiani S, Marsili I, Viti S, Saletti M. Immunoelectrophoretic characterization of the molecular weight polydispersion of polysaccharides in multivalent bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION 1983; 11:65-74. [PMID: 6833304 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-1157(83)80047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The molecular weight polydispersion of single antigens present in multivalent bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines has been characterized by an immunoelectrophoretic method. Chromatographic effluents from Sepharose gel of bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines were tested by fused-rocket immunoelectrophoresis and the distribution coefficient (Kd) of each polysaccharide present in the mixture was calculated. The method appeared to be efficient and reproducible. However, different Kd values were obtained by immunoelectrophoretic and chemical or physical analysis of the chromatographic effluents of each single polysaccharide component. The use of this immunoelectrophoretic procedure was extended to the potency control of multivalent meningococcal and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in order to detect changes in the molecular weight polydispersion of each antigen with time.
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Latif KA, Amla I, Rama Rao PB. Studies on skin and urinary mucopolysaccharides in malnourished/vitamin A deficient children. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 122:317-25. [PMID: 6213321 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In protein-calorie malnourished children, with or without associated vitamin A deficiency, skin content of acid mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and urinary excretion of MPS and amino sugars were studied. MPS content of skin in both malnourished groups was increased 3-6-fold. This increase was essentially in the non-sulphated component. In normal skin, non-sulphate MPS accounted for 68% of the MPS content, whereas in the malnourished group with vitamin A deficiency it constituted 93%. Urinary excretion of MPS (24h) was significantly reduced by 50-70% in malnourished groups. This returned to normal levels in the malnourished/vitamin A deficient group when vitamin A injections were administered. Excretion of amino sugars (24 h) in the malnourished groups was also decreased by 50-70%. In normal children 55% of the total amino sugars was dialysable whereas in the malnourished it was increased to 60%. The excretion of protein-bound and dialysable amino sugars was increased to normal level only in the group given supplements of vitamin A in addition of protein and calories.
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Beuvery EC, van Rossum F, Nagel J. Comparison of the induction of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in mice with purified pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates. Infect Immun 1982; 37:15-22. [PMID: 6809623 PMCID: PMC347483 DOI: 10.1128/iai.37.1.15-22.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature and kinetics of the serum antibody response to pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates were studied in mice. Bovine serum albumin and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were used as carrier proteins. The purified polysaccharides induced only immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in thymus-bearing as well as congenic athymic (nude) mice. The polysaccharides covalently conjugated to proteins produced IgM and IgG antibodies in normal mice, but only IgM antibodies in nude mice. A second dose of the polysaccharide-protein conjugates resulted in a booster effect in the IgG response to the polysaccharides. Moreover, memory B-cells, generated after a primary injection with the polysaccharide-protein conjugates, could be triggered to the production of IgG antibodies after a second injection with the pure polysaccharides alone. These data indicate that the antibody response to the pure polysaccharides is thymus independent and that this response can be changed into a thymus-dependent response by covalent conjugation of the polysaccharide to a thymus-dependent protein.
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KINTNER PAULK, BUREN JEROMEP. Carbohydrate Interference and Its Correction in Pectin Analysis Using the m-Hydroxydiphenyl Method. J Food Sci 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb12708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Beccari M, Mappelli P, Tandoi V. Relationship between bulking and physicochemical-biological properties of activated sludges. Biotechnol Bioeng 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260220506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Kosakai M, Yosizawa Z. A partial modification of the carbazole method of Bitter and Muir for quantitation of hexuronic acids. Anal Biochem 1979; 93:295-8. [PMID: 464263 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(79)80154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Wilk AL, King CT, Pratt RM. Chlorcyclizine induction of cleft palate in the rat: degradation of palatal glycosaminoglycans. TERATOLOGY 1978; 18:199-209. [PMID: 31013 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420180205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the cleft palate teratogen chlorcyclizine or norchlorcyclizine to pregnant rats causes an alteration in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in embryonic palatal shelves. Pulse-chase experiments in vitro indicate that norchlorcyclizine enhances the degradation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate but has little or no effect on their synthesis. These changes in GAGs are caused by concentrations of norchlorcyclizine that have no appreciable effect on DNA or protein synthesis. These findings suggest that degradation of palatal GAGs may be the primary biochemical defect responsible for the inhibition of palatal shelf elevation by norchlorcyclizine.
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Heaney-Kieras J, Chapman DJ. Structural studies on the extracellular polysaccharide of the red alga, Porhyridium. Carbohydr Res 1976; 52:169-77. [PMID: 1035134 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Partial acid hydrolyzates of the extracellular polysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum yield three disaccharides and two uronic acids. These constitute all of the uronic acid in the polymer. The novel disaccharides are 3-O(alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-L-galactose, 3-O-(2-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose, and 3-O-(2-O-methly-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-glucose. The polyanion of high molecular weight contains D- and L-galactose, xylose, D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid and 2-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, and sulfate in molar ratio (relative to D-glucose) of 2.12:2.42:1.00:1.22:2.61. Preliminary periodate-oxidation studies suggest that the hexose and uronic acids are joined to other residues by (1 leads to 3) glycosidic linkages. About one-half of the xylose residues are (1 leads to 3)-linked.
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Radhakrishnamurthy B, Dalferes ER, Berenson GS. Determination of hexuronic acids in glycosaminoglycans by automated ion-exchange chromatography. Anal Biochem 1976; 75:160-7. [PMID: 134651 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Notten WR, Henderson PT. The influence of n-hexane treatment on the glucuronic acid pathway and activity of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in guinea-pig. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24:127-31. [PMID: 804901 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(75)90324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Hallett FR, Gray AL. Quasi-elastic light scattering studies of hyaluronic acid solutions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 343:648-55. [PMID: 4407039 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(74)90285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Henkart P, Humphreys S, Humphreys T. Characterization of sponge aggregation factor. A unique proteoglycan complex. Biochemistry 1973; 12:3045-50. [PMID: 4269809 DOI: 10.1021/bi00740a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Cauldwell CB, Henkart P, Humphreys T. Physical properties of sponge aggregation factor. A unique proteoglycan complex. Biochemistry 1973; 12:3051-5. [PMID: 4269810 DOI: 10.1021/bi00740a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pratt RM, Goggins JF, Wilk AL, King CT. Acid mucopolysaccharide synthesis in the secondary palate of the developing rat at the time of rotation and fusion. Dev Biol 1973; 32:230-7. [PMID: 4275096 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(73)90237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vikha IV, Sakharovsky VG, Bystrov VF, Khorlin AY. A proton magnetic resonance kinetic approach to the stereochemistry of carbohydrate enzymic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid by testicular hyaluronidase. Carbohydr Res 1972; 25:143-52. [PMID: 4681649 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)82754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Privalenko MN, Vikha IV, Khorlin AY. Determination of the true activity of serum hyaluronidase by a method precluding the synergic action of concomitant exoglycosidases. Clin Chim Acta 1972; 41:269-73. [PMID: 4539494 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(72)90521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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The Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate on Synthesis of Sulfated Acid Mucopolysaccharides by Transformed Fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tomasić J, Keglević D. Direct spectrophotometric assay of glucuronic acid in the presence of labile glucosiduronic acids. Anal Biochem 1972; 45:164-75. [PMID: 4550529 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Jayaraj AP, Leela R, Rao PB. Studies on cornea and conjunctival mucous metaplasia in vitamin A deficient rats. Exp Eye Res 1971; 12:1-5. [PMID: 4256282 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(71)90121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Kvist TN, Finnegan CV. The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in the axial region of the developing chick embryo.II. Biochemical analysis. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1970; 175:241-57. [PMID: 4248506 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401750210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Stockwell RA. Changes in the acid glycosaminoglycan content of the matrix of ageing human articular cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 1970; 29:509-15. [PMID: 4248958 PMCID: PMC1010565 DOI: 10.1136/ard.29.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Clausen J, Dyggve HV, Melchior JC. Chemical and enzymic studies of a family with skeletal abnormalities associated with mental retardation. Clin Chim Acta 1970; 29:197-207. [PMID: 4250149 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Ovodov YS, Shibaeva VI. Polysaccharides of the berries ofEleutherococcus senticosus. Chem Nat Compd 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00568598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Becker K. Untersuchungen zur chemischen Beschaffenheit des Bindegewebes der Leber bei der Lebercirrhose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02045110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Herman RH, Overholt EL, Hagler L. Familial life-long persistent fever of unknown origin responding to dexamethasone and uronic acids. Am J Med 1969; 46:142-53. [PMID: 4951423 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(69)90066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Scott JE. Perodate oxidation, pKa and conformation of hexuronic acids in polyuronides and mucopolysaccharides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 170:471-3. [PMID: 4303399 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wilkinson SG. Glycosyl diglycerides from Pseudomonas rubescens. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 164:148-56. [PMID: 5721018 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Knutson CA, Jeanes A. A new modification of the carbazole analysis: application to heteropolysaccharides. Anal Biochem 1968; 24:470-81. [PMID: 5723302 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(68)90154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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