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Gahmberg CG, Simons K. Characterization of the acid phosphatase activity in the plasma membrane fraction from baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21). ACTA PATHOLOGICA ET MICROBIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SECTION B: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 78:451-8. [PMID: 5274410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb04327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Williams EE, May BD, Stillwell W, Jenski LJ. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alters the phospholipid molecular species composition of membranous vesicles exfoliated from the surface of a murine leukemia cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1418:185-96. [PMID: 10209223 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we presented evidence that the vesicles routinely exfoliated from the surface of T27A tumor cells arise from vesicle-forming regions of the plasma membrane and possess a set of lateral microdomains distinct from those of the plasma membrane as a whole. We also showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, or 22:6n-3), a fatty acyl chain known to alter microdomain structure in model membranes, also alters the structure and composition of exfoliated vesicles, implying a DHA-induced change in microdomain structure on the cell surface. In this report we show that enrichment of the cells with DHA reverses some of the characteristic differences in composition between the parent plasma membrane and shed microdomain vesicles, but does not alter their phospholipid class composition. In untreated cells, DHA-containing species were found to be a much greater proportion of the total phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) pool than the total phosphatidylcholine (PC) pool in both the plasma membrane and the shed vesicles. After DHA treatment, the proportion of DHA-containing species in the PE and PC pools of the plasma membrane were elevated, and unlike in untreated cells, their proportions were equal in the two pools. In the vesicles shed from DHA-loaded cells, the proportion of DHA-containing species of PE was the same as in the plasma membrane. However, the proportion of DHA-containing species of PC in the vesicles (0.089) was much lower than that found in the plasma membrane (0.194), and was relatively devoid of species with 16-carbon acyl components. These data suggested that DHA-containing species of PC, particularly those having a 16-carbon chain in the sn-1 position, were preferentially retained in the plasma membrane. The data can be interpreted as indicating that DHA induces a restructuring of lateral microdomains on the surface of living cells similar to that predicted by its behavior in model membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Williams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Williams EE, Jenski LJ, Stillwell W. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alters the structure and composition of membranous vesicles exfoliated from the surface of a murine leukemia cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1371:351-62. [PMID: 9630720 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid microdomains are regions of the membrane thought to be functionally important, but which have remained poorly characterized because they have proven to be difficult to isolate. The exfoliation of small membranous vesicles from the cell surface is a continuous and normal activity in many cells. If microdomains are relatively large or stable, they may influence the structure and composition of exfoliated vesicles, which are easy to isolate. We tested the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid proposed to alter the structure of microdomains, to change the structure and composition of vesicles exfoliated from a murine leukemia cell line. Cells were cultured in normal and DHA-enriched media for 72 h, then washed and given a 15-h exfoliation period. Afterwards, the pooled vesicles and their parent plasma membrane were collected and analyzed. Vesicles and plasma membrane from cells grown in normal culture medium had similar fatty acid compositions, including equal, and low, proportions of DHA, but the vesicles had much more cholesterol and displayed higher anisotropy than the plasma membrane. When cells were grown in DHA-enriched medium, both the plasma membrane and exfoliated vesicles had 10-fold elevated levels of DHA in their phospholipids, with the DHA displacing other polyunsaturates. These cells released vesicles having significantly reduced levels of cholesterol and monoenoic fatty acids than those in normal culture. The anisotropy of these vesicles was also dramatically reduced. These data are consistent with DHA altering the structure and composition of membrane microdomains on the cell surface, and suggest that exfoliated vesicles may prove useful in the further study of membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Williams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Chikvashvili DV, Shurgaya IG. Effect of trifluphenazine on Ca-ATPase activity of fibroblasts and Ehrlich's ascites cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00841060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yabe T, Suzuki M, Mukai R, Satake M, Juji T, Hamaguchi H. Analysis of the HLA-DRw9 antigen using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and alloantisera. JINRUI IDENGAKU ZASSHI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1984; 29:17-25. [PMID: 6205188 DOI: 10.1007/bf01876753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Iwasa T, Iwasa Y, Krishnaraj R. A high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in plasma membranes of rat ascites hepatoma AH109A cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 731:229-38. [PMID: 6133555 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The activity of calcium-stimulated and magnesium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase which possesses a high affinity for free calcium (high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3) has been detected in rat ascites hepatoma AH109A cell plasma membranes. The high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase had an apparent half saturation constant of 77 +/- 31 nM for free calcium, a maximum reaction velocity of 9.9 +/- 3.5 nmol ATP hydrolyzed/mg protein per min, and a Hill number of 0.8. Maximum activity was obtained at 0.2 microM free calcium. The high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase was absolutely dependent on 3-10 mM magnesium and the pH optimum was within physiological range (pH 7.2-7.5). Among the nucleoside trisphosphates tested, ATP was the best substrate, with an apparent Km of 30 microM. The distribution pattern of this enzyme in the subcellular fractions of the ascites hepatoma cell homogenate (as shown by the linear sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation method) was similar to that of the known plasma membrane marker enzyme alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), indicating that the ATPase was located in the plasma membrane. Various agents, such as K+, Na+, ouabain, KCN, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and NaN3, had no significant effect on the activity of high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase. Orthovanadate inhibited this enzyme activity with an apparent half-maximal inhibition constant of 40 microM. The high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase was neither inhibited by trifluoperazine, a calmodulin-antagonist, nor stimulated by bovine brain calmodulin, whether the plasma membranes were prepared with or without ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid. Since the kinetic properties of the high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase showed a close resemblance to those of erythrocyte plasma membrane (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, the high-affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of rat ascites hepatoma cell plasma membrane is proposed to be a calcium-pumping ATPase of these cells.
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Suzuki M, Maeda H, Mukai R, Yabe T, Hamaguchi H. Identification of the MT3 molecule using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and alloantisera. Immunogenetics 1983; 18:575-83. [PMID: 6197369 DOI: 10.1007/bf00345965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MT3 antigen is defined serologically as a DR supertypic specificity and is strongly associated with DR4, DR7, and DRw9. To determine whether the MT3 molecule is distinct from the DR molecule, DR4 and MT3 antigens were immunoprecipitated from 125I-labeled plasma membrane glycoproteins of a DR4-homozygous, MT3-homozygous B lymphoid cell line, Wa, and compared by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. The precipitates with two different anti-DR4 alloantisera and with three different mouse antibodies against human Ia monomorphic determinants gave the same 2-D gel pattern consisting of one heavy chain with a molecular weight of 34 000 and a set of light chains with a molecular weight of 30 000, indicating that these polypeptides are the components of the DR4 molecule. On the other hand, all three anti-MT3 alloantisera used precipitated an identical set of anti-MT3 alloantisera specific light chains with a molecular weight of 30 000, and one heavy chain with a molecular weight of 34 000. The pI of the MT3 light chain was more acidic than that of the DR4 light chain. The amount of MT3 light chains was much smaller than that of DR4 light chains in unlabeled plasma membrane glycoproteins. Thus, we have demonstrated directly using 2-D gel electrophoresis and anti-MT3 alloantisera that the MT3 antigen is a new human Ia molecule distinct from DR4.
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Nelson WJ, Nelson SJ, Traub P. Comparison of Ehrlich ascites tumour and mouse liver cells by analytical subcellular fractionation combined with a sensitive computational method for data analysis. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1981; 362:903-18. [PMID: 6268522 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1981.362.2.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A simple method of analytical subcellular fractionation, combined with a sensitive computational method for data analysis and presentation, has been used to reinvestigate the distribution and relative amounts of several enzymes in the cytoplasmic and plasma membranes of two different cell types: one is a neoplastic, transformed cell type (Ehrlich ascites tumour cells), the other an untransformed, highly differentiated cell type (liver hepatocytes plus Kupffer and endothelial cells). In general the distribution of the enzymes in particular membranes is similar in the two cell types, however the relative amounts differ. Ehrlich ascites tumour cells have a higher specific activity of galactosyltransferase and ouabain-sensitive (Na,K)ATPase, while liver cells have higher glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity. These differences appear to be correlated with morphological and, in some cases, functional differences between the two cell types.
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Haeffner EW, Kolbe K, Schroeter D, Paweletz N. Plasma membrane heterogeneity in ascites tumor cells. Isolation of a light and a heavy membrane fraction of the glycogen-free Ehrlich-Lettré substrain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 603:36-51. [PMID: 6255997 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report on the isolation of two plasma membrane fractions of a glycogen-free substrain of Ehrlich-Lettré ascites cells, a light fraction sedimenting in a sucrose gradient at 1.10 g/ml, and a heavy fraction sedimenting at nuclei by a combination of short-term swelling and mild Dounce homogenization. A 12 000 X g postnuclear pellet (PII) containing major portions of the plasma membrane marker enymes, 5'-nucleotidase, ouabain-sensitive (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and the alkaline phosphatase, was prepared by differential centrifugation. The two plasma membrane fractions were obtained by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient, from which they were further purified on a linear sucrose gradient applying sedimentation velocity conditions only. Enrichment factors for the three marker enzymes were between 5- and 14-fold for the light fraction and between 3- and 7-fold for the heavy fraction with an overall yield of 1--4% and 0.5--1.7%, respectively, of cellular protein. Contamination of both fractions with nuclear material was minor. Mitochondrial contamination was about 8% for the light material and somewhat higher for the heavy material. In the light fraction, co-sedimentation of lysosomal and Golgi marker enzymes was detected. The presence of membrane structures of these organelles could not be confirmed definitely by electron microscopy. Differences in sialic acid content and phospholipid composition within the two fractions, especially in the relative proportion of lecithin to sphingomyelin, suggests differences in membrane fluidity. The light material showed mostly unit membrane vesicles in thin-section and freeze-etch electron microscopy, whereas the heavy fraction mainly consisted of sheet-like membrane fragments.
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Effect of specific fatty acyl enrichments on membrane physical properties detected with a spin label probe. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)46959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rittenhouse HG, Rittenhouse JW, Takemoto L. Characterization of the cell coat of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochemistry 1978; 17:829-37. [PMID: 147102 DOI: 10.1021/bi00598a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kaduce TL, Awad AB, Fontenelle LJ, Spector AA. Effect of fatty acid saturation on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in Ehrlich ascites cells. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pommier G, Ripert G, Depieds R, Edgard A. Comparative analysis by enzyme markers of plasma membranes isolated from mouse spleen and thymus lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(77)90084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Awad AB, Spector AA. Modification of the fatty acid composition of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell plasma membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 426:723-31. [PMID: 1259990 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acyl group composition of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell plasma membranes was modified by feeding the tumor-bearing mice diets rich in either coconut or sunflower oil. When coconut oil was fed, the oleate content of the membrane phospholipids was elevated and the linoleate content reduced. The opposite occurred when sunflower oil was fed. Qualitatively similar changes were observed in the plasma membrane phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and mixed phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol fractions. These diets also produced differences in the sphingomyelin fraction, particularly in the palmitic and nervonic acid contents. Unexpectedly, the saturated fatty acid content of the plasma membrane phospholipids was somewhat greater when the highly polyunsaturated sunflower oil was fed. The small quantities of neutral lipids contained in the plasma membrane exhibited changes in acyl group composition similar to those observed in the phospholipids. These fatty acyl group changes were not accompanied by any alteration in the cholesterol or phospholipid contents of the plasma membranes. Therefore, the lipid alterations produced in this experimental model system are confined to the membrane acyl groups.
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McLaughlin J, Meerovitch E. The surface membrane and cytoplasmic membranes of Entamoeba invadens (Rodhain 1934)-I. Gross chemical and enzymatic properties. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 52:477-86. [PMID: 128433 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pommier G, Ripert G, Azoulay E, Depieds R. Effect of concanavalin A on membrane-bound enzymes from mouse lymphocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 389:483-94. [PMID: 123786 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ionic influence and ouabain sensitivity of lymphocyte mg-2+-atpase and Mg-2+-(Na+ +K+)-activated ATPase were studied in intact cells, microsomal fraction and isolated plasma membranes. The active site of 5'-nucleotidase and Mg2+-ATPase seemed to be localized on the external side of the plasma membrane whereas the ATP binding site of (Na+ +K+)-ATPase was located inside the membrane. Concanavalin A induced an early stimulation of Mg2+-APTase and (Na+ +K+)-ATPase both on intact cells and purified plasma membranes. In contrast, 5'-nucleotidase activity was not affected by the mitogen. Although the thymocyte Mg2+-ATPase activity was 3-5 times lower than in spleen lymphocytes, it was much more stimulated in the former cells (about 40 versus 20%). (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activity was undectectable in thymocytes. However, in spleen lymphocytes (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activity can be detected and was 30% increased by concanavalin A. Several aspects of this enzymic stimulation had also characteristic features of blast transformation induced by concanavalin A, suggesting a possible role of these enzymes, especially Mg2+-ATPase, in lymphocyte stimulation.
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Forte JG, Forte TM, Heinz E. Isolation of plasma membranes from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Influence of amino acids on (Na++K+)-ATPase and K+-stimulated phosphatase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 298:827-41. [PMID: 4354126 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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van Blitterswijk WJ, Emmelot P, Feltkamp CA. Studies on plasma membranes. XIX. Isolation and characterization of a plasma membrane fraction from calf thymocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 298:577-92. [PMID: 4146152 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(73)90075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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DePierre JW, Karnovsky ML. Plasma membranes of mammalian cells: a review of methods for their characterization and isolation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1973; 56:275-303. [PMID: 4264788 PMCID: PMC2108892 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.56.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Renkonen O, Gahmberg CG, Simons K, Kääriäinen L. The lipids of the plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum from cultured baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 255:66-78. [PMID: 4334687 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Breckenridge WC, Breckenridge JE, Morgan IG. Glycoproteins of the synaptic region. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1972; 32:135-53. [PMID: 4604512 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6979-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gahmberg CG. Proteins and glycoproteins of hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK21) plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 249:81-95. [PMID: 5168782 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ikehara Y, Molnar J, Chao H. Inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by cycloheximide in liver and Ehrlich tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 247:486-95. [PMID: 5125632 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Giacobino JP, Perrelet A. Preparation of a plasma membrane fraction from the brown adipose tissue. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:259-61. [PMID: 4251070 DOI: 10.1007/bf02138132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Shapot VS, Davidova SY. Liporibonucleoprotein as an integral part of animal cell membranes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1971; 11:81-101. [PMID: 4326861 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Molnar J, Chao H, Markovic G. Subcellular site of structural glycoprotein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 134:533-8. [PMID: 5354776 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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