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Zárate-Romero A, Stojanoff V, Rojas-Trejo SP, Hansberg W, Rudiño-Piñera E. Conformational stability and crystal packing: polymorphism in Neurospora crassa CAT-3. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:753-8. [PMID: 23832201 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113013468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism is frequently observed from different crystallization conditions. In proteins, the effect on conformational variability is poorly documented, with only a few reported examples. Here, three polymorphic crystal structures determined for a large-subunit catalase, CAT-3 from Neurospora crassa, are reported. Two of them belonged to new space groups, P1 and P43212, and a third structure belonged to the same space group, P212121, as the previously deposited 2.3 Å resolution structure (PDB entry 3ej6), but had a higher resolution (1.95 Å). Comparisons between these polymorphic structures highlight the conformational stability of tetrameric CAT-3 and reveal a distortion in the tetrameric structure that has not previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Zárate-Romero
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico.
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2
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Aydemir T, Kavrayan D. Purification and Characterization of Glutathione-S-Transferase from Chicken Erythrocyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:92-100. [DOI: 10.1080/10731190902742489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Abstract
In recent decades, protein-based therapeutics have substantially expanded the field of molecular pharmacology due to their outstanding potential for the treatment of disease. Unfortunately, protein pharmaceuticals display a series of intrinsic physical and chemical instability problems during their production, purification, storage, and delivery that can adversely impact their final therapeutic efficacies. This has prompted an intense search for generalized strategies to engineer the long-term stability of proteins during their pharmaceutical employment. Due to the well known effect that glycans have in increasing the overall stability of glycoproteins, rational manipulation of the glycosylation parameters through glycoengineering could become a promising approach to improve both the in vitro and in vivo stability of protein pharmaceuticals. The intent of this review is therefore to further the field of protein glycoengineering by increasing the general understanding of the mechanisms by which glycosylation improves the molecular stability of protein pharmaceuticals. This is achieved by presenting a survey of the different instabilities displayed by protein pharmaceuticals, by addressing which of these instabilities can be improved by glycosylation, and by discussing the possible mechanisms by which glycans induce these stabilization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Solá
- Laboratory for Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Facundo Bueso Bldg., Lab-215, PO Box 23346, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346
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4
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Lee CK, Daniel RM, Shepherd C, Saul D, Cary SC, Danson MJ, Eisenthal R, Peterson ME. Eurythermalism and the temperature dependence of enzyme activity. FASEB J 2007; 21:1934-41. [PMID: 17341686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7265com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The "Equilibrium Model" has provided new tools for describing and investigating enzyme thermal adaptation. It has been shown that the effect of temperature on enzyme activity is not only governed by deltaG(double dagger)(cat) and deltaG(double dagger)(inact) but also by two new intrinsic parameters, deltaH(eq) and T(eq), which describe the enthalpy and midpoint, respectively, of a reversible equilibrium between active and inactive (but not denatured) forms of enzyme. Twenty-one enzymes from organisms with a wide range of growth temperatures were characterized using the Equilibrium Model. Statistical analysis indicates that T(eq) is a better predictor of growth temperature than enzyme stability (deltaG(double dagger)(inact)). As expected from the Equilibrium Model, deltaH(eq) correlates with catalytic temperature tolerance of enzymes and thus can be declared the first intrinsic and quantitative measure of enzyme eurythermalism. Other findings shed light on the evolution of psychrophilic and thermophilic enzymes. The findings suggest that the description of the Equilibrium Model of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity applies to all enzymes regardless of their temperature origins and that its associated parameters, deltaH(eq) and T(eq), are intrinsic and necessary parameters for characterizing the thermal properties of enzymes and their temperature adaptation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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5
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Miyasak NRS, Unterkircher CS, Carvalho PO, Shimizu MT. Electrophoretic variants of intracellular catalase of different Candida species. Mycopathologia 2004; 158:187-93. [PMID: 15518347 DOI: 10.1023/b:myco.0000041902.96793.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular catalases of different species of Candida were investigated using different culture media. All the Candida strains produced intracellular catalase, whose enzymatic activity was detected by non-denaturating polyacrylamide gradient (4-30%) gel electrophoresis. The cell extracts presented a major 230 kDa catalase band and in some strains variants of catalase with different molecular weights were detected. Candida catalase activity was not affected by heating at 50 degrees C and incubation with beta-mercaptoethanol, but treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate inhibited or reduced enzymatic activity. Extracellular enzyme activity was not detected in any of the culture filtrate extracts tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R S Miyasak
- Institute of Biomedical Science, São Paulo University, USP, SP, Brazil
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6
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Duarte-Vázquez MA, García-Almendárez BE, Rojo-Domínguez A, Whitaker JR, Arroyave-Hernández C, Regalado C. Monosaccharide composition and properties of a deglycosylated turnip peroxidase isozyme. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:5-11. [PMID: 12475613 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A neutral peroxidase isozyme (TP) purified from turnip (Brassica napus L. var. purple top white globe) was partially deglycosylated, using chemical and enzymatic treatment. A 32% carbohydrate removal was achieved by exposing TP to a mixture of PNGase F, O-glycosidase, NANase, GALase III and HEXase I, while m-periodate treatment removed about 88% of TP carbohydrate moiety. The glycoprotein fraction of the TP contained a relatively high mannose and fucose content (37 and 31%, w/w, respectively), 16% (w/w) galactose, and 15% (w/w) GlcNAc. Thus, the carbohydrate moiety was classified as a hybrid type. Partially deglycosylated TP had reduced activity (by 50-85%), was more susceptible to proteolysis, and showed a slight decrease in thermostability compared to the native enzyme. Circular dichroism studies strongly suggested that although the carbohydrate moiety of TP did not influence the conformation of the polypeptide backbone, its presence considerably enhanced protein conformational stability toward heat. Removal of oligosaccharide chains from TP caused a decrease in K(m) and V(max) for hydrogen peroxide. Native and chemically deglycosylated TP were similarly immunodetected by rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against TP. The results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of TP is important for peroxidase activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Duarte-Vázquez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, PROPAC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C. U. Cerro de Las Campanas S/N, Querétaro, Qro. 76010, Mexico
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7
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Díaz A, Rangel P, Montes de Oca Y, Lledías F, Hansberg W. Molecular and kinetic study of catalase-1, a durable large catalase of Neurospora crassa. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1323-33. [PMID: 11728803 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Catalase-1 (Cat-1), one of the two monofunctional catalases of Neurospora crassa, increases during asexual spore formation to constitute 0.6% of total protein in conidia. Cat-1 was purified 170-fold with a yield of 48% from conidiating cultures. Like most monofunctional catalases, Cat-1 is a homotetramer, resistant to inactivation by solvents, fully active over a pH range of 4-12, and inactivated by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Unlike most monofunctional catalases, Cat-1 consists of 88 kDa monomers that are glycosylated with alpha-glucose and/or alpha-mannose, is unusually stable, and is not inactivated or inhibited by hydrogen peroxide. Cat-1 was more resistant than other catalases to heat inactivation and to high concentrations of salt and denaturants. Cat-1 exhibited unusual kinetics: at molar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide the apparent V was 10 times higher than at millimolar concentrations. Inactivation of Cat-1 activity with azide and hydroxylamine was according to first order kinetics, while cyanide at micromolar concentrations was a reversible competitive inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Díaz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México, D.F., Mexico
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8
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Dinçer A, Aydemir T. Purification and characterization of catalase from chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION 2001; 16:165-75. [PMID: 11342285 DOI: 10.1080/14756360109162366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is a major primary antioxidant defence component that primarily catalyses the decomposition of H(2) O(2) to H(2) O. Here we report the purification and characterization of catalase from chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla). Following a procedure that involved chloroform treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation and three chromatographic steps (CM-cellulose, Sephadex G-25, and Sephadex G-200), catalase was purified about 250-fold to a final specific activity of 56947 U/mg of protein. The molecular weight of the purified catalase and its subunit were determined to be 235 000 and 58 500 daltons, indicating that the chard catalase is a tetramer. The absorption spectra showed a soret peak at 406 nm, and there was slightly reduction by dithionite. The ratio of absorption at 406 and 275 nanometers was 1.5, the value being similar to that obtained for catalase from other plant sources. In the catalytic reaction, the apparent Km value for chard catalase was 50 mM. The purified protein has a broad pH optimum for catalase activity between 6.0 and 8.0. The enzyme had an optimum reaction temperature at 30 degrees C. Heme catalase inhibitors, such as azide and cyanide, inhibited the enzyme activity markedly and the enzyme was also inactivated by ?-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dinçer
- Celal Bayar University, Science and Arts Faculty, Chemistry Department, Muradiye-Manisa 45047 Türkiye.
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9
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Lapointe S, Légaré C, Gaudreault C, Sullivan R, Sirard MA. cDNA sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of bovine oviductal fluid catalase. Mol Reprod Dev 1998; 51:265-73. [PMID: 9771646 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199811)51:3<265::aid-mrd5>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bovine oviductal fluid catalase (OFC) which preferentially binds to the acrosome surface of some mammalian spermatozoa has recently been purified. The objectives of this study were to clone the OFC, obtain the full-length cDNA and protein sequence and determine which characteristics of the proteins are associated with the binding of the enzyme to sperm surface. Northern blot analysis revealed low levels of catalase mRNA in bovine oviducts and uterus compared to the liver and kidney. Screening of a cDNA library from the cow oviduct permit to obtain a full-length cDNA of 2282 bp, with an open reading frame of 1581 bp coding for a deduced protein of 526 amino acids (59,789 Da). The deduced protein contained four potential N-glycosylation sites and many potential O-glycosylation sites. The OFC protein exhibited high identity with catalase from other bovine tissues, likewise with catalases from human fibroblast and kidney, and with rat liver catalase. The homology of amino acid sequence of OFC with bovine liver catalase was about 99%. However the OFC possess an extended carboxyl terminus of 20 amino acids not present on the liver catalase. This result is supported by a lower mobility of the OFC compared to the liver catalase when both proteins are submitted on SDS-PAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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10
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Garre V, Müller U, Tudzynski P. Cloning, characterization, and targeted disruption of cpcat1, coding for an in planta secreted catalase of Claviceps purpurea. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 1998; 11:772-783. [PMID: 9675893 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.8.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Claviceps purpurea has been shown to secrete catalases in axenic and parasitic culture. In order to determine the importance of these enzymes in the host-parasite interaction, especially their role in overcoming oxidative stress imposed on the pathogen by the plant's defense system, the catR gene from A. niger was used to isolate a putative catalase gene from a genomic library of C. purpurea, cpcat1 consists of an open reading frame of 2,148 bp that is interrupted by five introns. Its derived gene product shows significant homology to fungal catalases and contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and three putative N-glycosylation sites, which indicates that CPCAT1 is a secreted catalase. Disruption of the gene by a gene replacement approach resulted in the loss of two catalase isoforms, CATC and CATD, strongly suggesting that they are both encoded by cpcat1. CATD is the major secreted catalase of C. purpurea and is furthermore the only catalase present in the honeydew of infected rye ears. Deletion mutants of cpcat1 were inoculated on rye plants and showed no significant reduction in virulence. Ovarian tissue and honeydew of plants inoculated with the mutants lacked CATD, confirming that this catalase is not essential for colonization of the host tissue by C. purpurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garre
- Institut für Botanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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11
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Wang H, Tokusige Y, Shinoyama H, Fujii T, Urakami T. Purification and characterization of a thermostable catalase from culture broth of Thermoascus aurantiacus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)86762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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The effect of various food parameters on the activity and stability of catalase from Aspergillus niger and catalase from bovine liver. Food Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(95)00252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Gavagan JE, Fager SK, Seip JE, Clark DS, Payne MS, Anton DL, DiCosimo R. Chemoenzymic Synthesis of N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Gavagan
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Susan K. Fager
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - John E. Seip
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Dawn S. Clark
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Mark S. Payne
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - David L. Anton
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Robert DiCosimo
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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14
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Yang J, Teplyakov A, Quail JW. Crystal structure of the aspartic proteinase from Rhizomucor miehei at 2.15 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1997; 268:449-59. [PMID: 9159482 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the aspartic proteinase from Rhizomucor miehei (RMP, EC 3. 4. 23. 23) has been refined to 2.15 A resolution to a crystallographic R-value of 0.215 and an Rfree of 0.281. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) error for the atomic coordinates estimated from a Luzzati plot is 0.2 A. The r.m.s. deviations for the bond distances and bond angles from ideality are 0.01 A and 1.7 degrees, respectively. RMP contains two domains that consist predominantly of beta-sheets. A large substrate-binding cleft is clearly visible between the two domains, and the two catalytic residues Asp38 and Asp237 are located in the middle of the cleft with a water molecule bridging the carboxyl groups of Asp38 and Asp237. Due to crystal packing, the C-terminal domain is more mobile than the N-terminal domain. Most of the aspartic proteinases (except renin) reach their maximum activity at acidic pH. We propose that the optimum pH of each aspartic proteinase is determined by the electrostatic potential at the active site, which, in turn, is determined by the positions and orientations of all the residues near the active site. RMP is the most glycosylated among the aspartic proteinases. The carbohydrate moieties are linked to Asn79 and Asn188. Asn79 is in the middle of a beta-strand and Asn188 is on a surface loop in contrast to the previous hypothesis proposed by Brown and Yada that they are both on surface beta-turns. RMP has a very high thermal stability. The high thermal stability is probably due to the high level of glycosylation. We propose that the highly flexible carbohydrates act as heat reservoirs to stabilize the conformation of RMP and therefore give the enzyme a high level of thermal stability. Three-dimensional structural and sequence alignments of RMP with other aspartic proteinases show that RMP is most structurally homologous to that of Mucor pusillus (MPP), and differs from other fungal enzymes as much as it does from the mammalian enzymes. This suggests that RMP and MPP diverged from the main stream of aspartic proteinases at an early stage of evolution. The present study adds a second member to this subfamily of aspartic proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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15
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López-Medrano R, Ovejero MC, Calera JA, Puente P, Leal F. An immunodominant 90-kilodalton Aspergillus fumigatus antigen is the subunit of a catalase. Infect Immun 1995; 63:4774-80. [PMID: 7591135 PMCID: PMC173684 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.12.4774-4780.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified, purified, and characterized structurally and functionally a 90-kDa immunodominant antigen associated with the water-soluble fraction of Aspergillus fumigatus. This antigen is recognized by 90.3% of serum samples from patients with aspergilloma and should be considered either by itself or better in combination with other purified antigens as a candidate for developing a standardized immunoassay for the detection of aspergilloma. p90 is a glycoprotein containing at least two two N-linked sugar chains of 2 and 5 kDa, respectively, which are not necessary for its reactivity with aspergilloma serum samples. Using specific anti-p90 rabbit serum, we have demonstrated that under native conditions, p90 exists in oligomeric form and has associated catalase activity. This activity is resistant to extreme temperatures (> 60 degrees C), reducing agents (40 mM dithiothreitol), high concentrations of denaturing agents such as 8 M urea and 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and treatments with ethanol-chloroform-water (5:3:10 [vol/vol]) mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Medrano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica, Spain
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16
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Fowler T, Rey MW, Vähä-Vahe P, Power SD, Berka RM. The catR gene encoding a catalase from Aspergillus niger: primary structure and elevated expression through increased gene copy number and use of a strong promoter. Mol Microbiol 1993; 9:989-98. [PMID: 7934925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on amino acid sequence data were used to identify and clone cDNA sequences encoding a catalase (catalase-R) of Aspergillus niger. One cDNA clone was subsequently used to isolate the corresponding genomic DNA sequences (designated catR). Nucleotide sequence analysis of both genomic and cDNA clones suggested that the catR coding region consists of five exons interrupted by four small introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of catalase-R spans 730 residues which show significant homology to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases, particularly in regions involved in catalytic activity and binding of the haem prosthetic group. Increased expression of the catR gene was obtained by transformation of an A. niger host strain with an integrative vector carrying the cloned genomic DNA segment. Several of these transformants produced three- to fivefold higher levels of catalase than the untransformed parent strain. Hybridization analyses indicated that these strains contained multiple copies of catR integrated into the genome. A second expression vector was constructed in which the catR coding region was functionally joined to the promoter and terminator elements of the A. niger glucoamylase (glaA) gene. A. niger transformants containing this vector produced from three- to 10-fold higher levels of catalase-R than the untransformed parent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fowler
- Genencor International, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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17
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Nedeva T, Savov V, Kujumdzieva-Savova A, Davidov E. Screening of thermotolerant yeasts as producers of superoxide dismutase. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Levy E, Eyal Z, Hochman A. Purification and characterization of a catalase-peroxidase from the fungus Septoria tritici. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 296:321-7. [PMID: 1605641 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90579-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Three classes of heme proteins, commonly designated hydroperoxidases, are involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide: catalases, peroxidases, and catalase-peroxidases. While catalases and peroxidases are widely spread in animals, plants, and microorganisms, catalase-peroxidases were characterized only in prokaryotes. We report here, for the first time, on a catalase-peroxidase in a eukaryotic organism. The enzyme was purified from the fungal wheat pathogen Septoria tritici, and is one of three different hydroperoxidases synthesized by this organism. The S. tritici catalase-peroxidase, designated StCP, is similar to the enzymes previously isolated from the bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, although it is significantly more sensitive to denaturing conditions. In addition to its catalatic activity StCP catalyzes peroxidatic activity with o-dianisidine, diaminobenzidine, pyrogallol, NADH, and NADPH as electron donors. The enzyme is a tetramer with identical subunits of 61,000 Da molecular weight. StCP shows a typical high-spin ferric heme spectrum with a Soret band at 405 nm and a peak at 632 nm, and binding of cyanide causes a shift of the Soret band to 421 nm, the appearance of a peak at 537 nm, and abolition of the peak at 632 nm. Reduction with dithionite results in a decrease in the intensity of the Soret band and its shift to 436 nm, and in the appearance of a peak at 552 nm. The pH optimum is 6-6.5 and 5.4 for the catalatic and peroxidatic activities, respectively. Fifty percent of the apparent maximal activity is reached at 3.4 mM and 0.26 mM for the catalatic and peroxidatic activities, respectively. The enzyme is inactivated by ethanol/chloroform, and is inhibited by KCN and NaN3, but not by the typical catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levy
- Department of Botany, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 69978
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19
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Witteveen CF, Veenhuis M, Visser J. Localization of Glucose Oxidase and Catalase Activities in
Aspergillus niger. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:1190-4. [PMID: 16348689 PMCID: PMC195573 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.4.1190-1194.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcellular localization of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) in
Aspergillus niger
N400 (CBS 120.49) was investigated by (immuno)cytochemical methods. By these methods, the bulk of the enzyme was found to be localized in the cell wall. In addition, four different catalases (EC 1.11.1.6) were demonstrated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of crude extracts of induced and noninduced cells. Comparison of both protoplast and mycelial extracts indicated that, of two constitutive catalases, one is located outside the cell membrane whereas the other is intracellular. Parallel with the induction of glucose oxidase, two other catalases are also induced, one located intracellularly and one located extracellularly. Furthermore, lactonase (EC 3.1.1.17) activity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucono-δ-lactone to gluconic acid, was found to be exclusively located outside the cell membrane, indicating that gluconate formation in
A. niger
occurs extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Witteveen
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Agricultural University Wageningen, Dreyenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, and Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Biological Center, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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20
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Brown ED, Yada RY. A kinetic and equilibrium study of the denaturation of aspartic proteinases from the fungi, Endothia parasitica and Mucor miehei. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1076:406-15. [PMID: 2001389 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90484-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic and equilibrium analyses of the denaturation of Endothia parasitica and Mucor miehei aspartic proteinases were performed using enzyme activity and ultraviolet absorption as indices of denaturation. Denaturation of these proteinases was shown to be irreversible, suggesting that the conformations of these aspartic proteinases may be predetermined in their zymogens. Thermal and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of these proteinases produced first-order, two-state, kinetic behaviour. Equilibrium unfolding transitions of these proteinases were highly cooperative but not entirely coincident in the two indices employed, suggesting some deviation from two-state character. Oxidation to remove 37.8% of the carbohydrate of M. miehei glycoproteinase with sodium metaperiodate resulted in a substantial decrease in both kinetic and equilibrium stabilities without modification of the amino acid composition or specific activity. In addition, gel filtration subsequent to equilibrium studies indicated that partial removal of the carbohydrate from M. miehei proteinase promoted autolysis under denaturing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Brown
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Canada
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21
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Goldberg I, Hochman A. Purification and characterization of a novel type of catalase from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 991:330-6. [PMID: 2655713 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of catalase, designated KpA, was purified from the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. The enzyme is unique in that it is a dimer with subunit molecular weight of 80,000, it bears a chlorine-type heme as prosthetic group, and is active over a very wide range of H+ concentrations, with a plateau from pH 2.8 to 11.8. Yet, some properties of KpA are characteristic of typical catalases: it is stable when treated with with ethanol/chloroform, cannot be reduced by dithionite and it is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and by the conjugate acid forms of azide and cyanide. The protein of KpA is outstandingly resistant to denaturing conditions: it retains full activity when incubated with 8 M urea, at 30 degrees C for 4 days, it is stable for 1 h at 70 degrees C and at pH values 3.1 and 11.5 and, when dialyzed against 50 mM H2O2, it still retains 42% of its activity after 80 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Goldberg
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Mosavi-Movahedi A, Jones M, Pilcher G. Thermodynamics of the interaction of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate with Aspergillus niger catalase in low ionic strength aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(88)90014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Mosavi-Movahedi A, Wilkinson A, Jones M. Characterization of Aspergillus niger catalase. Int J Biol Macromol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(87)90003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Amudeswari S, Liang JN, Chakrabarti B. Polar-apolar characteristics and fibrillogenesis of glycosylated collagen. COLLAGEN AND RELATED RESEARCH 1987; 7:215-23. [PMID: 3652661 DOI: 10.1016/s0174-173x(87)80011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To find the effect of carbohydrate on collagen fibrillogenesis, type I skin collagen was glycosylated by glycosyltransferase, and type II cartilage collagen was deglycosylated by glycosidase. The secondary structures remained unchanged, but the tertiary structures were altered, as shown by increased TNS fluorescence of the bound probe in the glycosylated form. Since TNS binds preferentially to the hydrophobic region of a protein molecule, glycosylation caused an apparent increase in the available hydrophobic sites for the dye. Glycosylation also resulted in a longer lag time and a slower growth rate of fibrillogenesis, although the amount of fibrils formed was unchanged. Deglycosylation resulted in a shorter lag time and an increased rate of fibrillogenesis. Neither glycosylation nor deglycosylation changed the stability of the molecule, as was evident from the melting temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amudeswari
- Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation, Boston, MA 02114
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Jones MN, Finn A, Mosavi-Movahedi A, Waller BJ. The activation of Aspergillus niger catalase by sodium n-dodecyl-sulphate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 913:395-8. [PMID: 3593744 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In marked contrast to most enzymes it is found that at pH 6.4 the activity of the fungal catalase from Aspergillus niger is increased on binding of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Activation of the enzyme by up to 180% is found under optimum conditions when approx. 150 SDS molecules are bound. Activation does not occur under acid (pH 3.2) or alkaline (pH 10.0) conditions. Sedimentation analysis confirms that the enzyme does not dissociate into subunits at pH 6.4 (or pH 10.0). These observations are considered in the light of other catalase-SDS studies and it is suggested that the binding of SDS to Aspergillus niger catalase at pH 6.4 results in a small conformational change facilitating the enzymic reaction.
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Olszewski J, Wasserman BP. Effect of glutaraldehyde on the activity of some DNA restriction endonucleases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1986; 13:29-35. [PMID: 3019239 DOI: 10.1007/bf02798436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the bifunctional crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde on the activity of the restriction enzymes Bam HI, Hind III, EcoRI, and Tthlll I was investigated. The four enzymes exhibited differential sensitivity to inactivation. Tthlll I was the most sensitive, with activity losses occurring at levels of 0.0025% and above. Hind III was the most stable of the four and remained fully active at concentrations as high as 0.075%. Addition of BSA to incubation mixtures generally had a stabilizing effect. Implications of these results for the design of glutaraldehyde-based methods for the immobilization of restriction endonucleases are discussed.
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WASSERMAN BRUCEP. DETECTION OF PROTEOLYSIS BY SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS: A DEMONSTRATION OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS AND ELECTROPHORESIS FUNDAMENTALS. J Food Biochem 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1986.tb00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Furuta S, Hayashi H, Hijikata M, Miyazawa S, Osumi T, Hashimoto T. Complete nucleotide sequence of cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of rat liver catalase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:313-7. [PMID: 3455767 PMCID: PMC322848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated five cDNA clones for rat liver catalase (hydrogen peroxide:hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6). These clones overlapped with each other and covered the entire length of the mRNA, which had been estimated to be 2.4 kilobases long by blot hybridization analysis of electrophoretically fractionated RNA. Nucleotide sequencing was carried out on these five clones and the composite nucleotide sequence of catalase cDNA was determined. The 5' noncoding region contained 83 bases and was followed by 1581 bases of an open reading frame that encoded 527 amino acids. The 3' noncoding region was 831 bases long and contained long repeats of the unit AC. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs showed about 90% homology with the reported primary structure of bovine liver catalase. The molecular weight of rat liver catalase was calculated to be 59,758 from the predicted amino acid sequence. The amino acid residues in contact with the heme group are completely identical for bovine liver and rat liver catalases. The amino acid sequence at the COOH terminus was confirmed by the results of carboxypeptidase P treatment of the protein purified from rat liver in the presence of leupeptin. Rat liver catalase has no cleavable signal peptide for translocation of the enzyme into peroxisomes.
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Johnson MA, Croteau R. Biosynthesis of ascaridole: iodide peroxidase-catalyzed synthesis of a monoterpene endoperoxide in soluble extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides fruit. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 235:254-66. [PMID: 6497393 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ascaridole, an asymmetric monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties, occurs as a major constituent (60-80%) in the volatile oil of American wormseed fruit (Chenopodium ambrosioides: Chenopodiaceae), and as a lesser component in the leaf pocket oil of the boldo tree (Peumus boldus: Monimiaceae). Determination of optical activity and chromatographic resolution of naturally occurring ascaridole, and several synthetic derivatives, showed that both wormseed and boldo produce ascaridole in racemic form. The biosynthesis of ascaridole from the conjugated, symmetrical diene alpha-terpinene (a major component of the oil from wormseed) was shown to be catalyzed by a soluble iodide peroxidase isolated from homogenates of C. ambrosioides fruit and leaves. The enzymatic synthesis of ascaridole was confirmed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the product, which was also shown to be racemic. Optimal enzymatic activity occurred at pH 4.0 in the presence of 2.5 mM H2O2 and 1 mM NaI. Soluble enzyme extracts were fractionated by gel filtration on both Sephacryl S-300 and Sephadex G-100, and were shown to consist of a high-molecular-weight peroxidase component (Mr greater than 1,000,000, 30% of total activity) and two other peroxidase species having apparent molecular weights of 62,000 and 45,000 (major component). Peroxidase activity was susceptible to proteolytic destruction only after periodate treatment, suggesting an association of the enzyme(s) with polysaccharide material. Ascaridole biosynthesis from alpha-terpinene was inhibited by cyanide, catalase, and reducing agents, but not by compounds that trap superoxide or quench singlet oxygen. A peroxide transfer reaction initiated by peroxidase-generated I+ is proposed for the conversion of alpha-terpinene to ascaridole.
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Proteolytic resistance and thermostability of catalase and histidine decarboxylase fromMicrococcus sp. n. Bull Exp Biol Med 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00829645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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WASSERMAN BRUCEP, HULTIN HERBERTO. NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF BOVINE LIVER CATALASE: EFFECT ON STABILITY. J Food Biochem 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1982.tb00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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