1
|
Lingvay M, Akhtar P, Sebők-Nagy K, Páli T, Lambrev PH. Photobleaching of Chlorophyll in Light-Harvesting Complex II Increases in Lipid Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:849. [PMID: 32670321 PMCID: PMC7327537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excess light causes damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae primarily via reactive oxygen species. Singlet oxygen can be formed by interaction of chlorophyll (Chl) triplet states, especially in the Photosystem II reaction center, with oxygen. Whether Chls in the light-harvesting antenna complexes play direct role in oxidative photodamage is less clear. In this work, light-induced photobleaching of Chls in the major trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is investigated in different molecular environments - protein aggregates, embedded in detergent micelles or in reconstituted membranes (proteoliposomes). The effects of intense light treatment were analyzed by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy. The rate and quantum yield of photobleaching was estimated from the light-induced Chl absorption changes. Photobleaching occurred mainly in Chl a and was accompanied by strong fluorescence quenching of the remaining unbleached Chls. The rate of photobleaching increased by 140% when LHCII was embedded in lipid membranes, compared to detergent-solubilized LHCII. Removing oxygen from the medium or adding antioxidants largely suppressed the bleaching, confirming its oxidative mechanism. Singlet oxygen formation was monitored by EPR spectroscopy using spin traps and spin labels to detect singlet oxygen directly and indirectly, respectively. The quantum yield of Chl a photobleaching in membranes and detergent was found to be 3.4 × 10-5 and 1.4 × 10-5, respectively. These values compare well with the yields of ROS production estimated from spin-trap EPR spectroscopy (around 4 × 10-5 and 2 × 10-5). A kinetic model is proposed, quantifying the generation of Chl and carotenoid triplet states and singlet oxygen. The high quantum yield of photobleaching, especially in the lipid membrane, suggest that direct photodamage of the antenna occurs with rates relevant to photoinhibition in vivo. The results represent further evidence that the molecular environment of LHCII has profound impact on its functional characteristics, including, among others, the susceptibility to photodamage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Lingvay
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tibor Páli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H. Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shinopoulos KE, Brudvig GW. Cytochrome b₅₅₉ and cyclic electron transfer within photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:66-75. [PMID: 21864501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b₅₅₉ (Cyt b₅₅₉), β-carotene (Car), and chlorophyll (Chl) cofactors participate in the secondary electron-transfer pathways in photosystem II (PSII), which are believed to protect PSII from photodamage under conditions in which the primary electron-donation pathway leading to water oxidation is inhibited. Among these cofactors, Cyt b₅₅₉ is preferentially photooxidized under conditions in which the primary electron-donation pathway is blocked. When Cyt b₅₅₉ is preoxidized, the photooxidation of several of the 11 Car and 35 Chl molecules present per PSII is observed. In this review, the discovery of the secondary electron donors, their structures and electron-transfer properties, and progress in the characterization of the secondary electron-transfer pathways are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
Collapse
|
3
|
Santabarbara S. Limited sensitivity of pigment photo-oxidation in isolated thylakoids to singlet excited state quenching in photosystem II antenna. Arch Biochem Biophys 2006; 455:77-88. [PMID: 17005156 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced pigment oxidation and its relation to excited state quenching in photosystems antennae have been investigated in isolated thylakoids. The results indicate that (i) chlorophyll oxidation takes place in two sequential steps. A slow initial phase is followed by a steep increase in the bleaching rate when more than one quarter of the chromophores are oxidised. (ii) During the initial slow phase, the carotenoid pool is bleached with an apparent rate which is about three times faster than that found for chlorophyll a and more than six times faster than that of chlorophyll b. (iii) Pigment bleaching has been observed both in photosystem I and photosystem II, and it has been possible to estimate a similar carotenoid bleaching rate in the two photosystems. (iv) The protection conferred by singlet state quenchers in the initial slow phase of pigment oxidation is modest. Taking into consideration that both the photosystems are subjected to the oxidative treatment, a somewhat larger protective effect than those estimated for photo-inhibition in thylakoids [S. Santabarbara, F.M. Garlaschi, G. Zucchelli, R.C. Jennings, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1409 (1999) 165-170] can be computed, although it is less than 50% of the expected level on the basis of the observed reciprocity to the number of incident photons. (v) Pigment oxidation is associated with the loss of membrane ultra-structure, which is interpreted as originating from a decrease in grana stacking. The dynamics of loss of membrane ultra-structure parallel the phases observed for chlorophyll photo-bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Centre for Fundamental Research in Photosynthesis, Hendon, 67 The Burroughs, London NW4 4AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashikawa I, Miyata A, Koike H, Inoue Y, Koyama Y. Light-induced structural change of .beta.-carotene in thylakoid membranes. Biochemistry 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/bi00368a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Minagawa J, Kramer DM, Kanazawa A, Crofts AR. Donor-side photoinhibition in photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii upon mutation of tyrosine-Z in the D1 polypeptide to phenylalanine. FEBS Lett 1996; 389:199-202. [PMID: 8766829 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
When tyrosine-Z of the D1-polypeptide of the photosystem II from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was changed to phenylalanine, the rapid donor to P680+ was lost, and P680+ accumulated on illumination. The rapid donation from tyrosine-Z was replaced by a slow electron transfer from an endogenous donor. Spectrophotometric measurements showed that carotenoids and chlorophylls were bleached by the P680+ either directly or indirectly upon illumination. The carotenoid bleaching was inhibited in the presence of SOD or catalase, but the reaction did not require molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor. These observations led us to conclude that active oxygen radicals, possibly hydroxyl radicals, take part in the destruction of carotenoids in the Y161F mutant. Possible mechanisms for the destruction are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Minagawa
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samuilov VD, Barsky EL, Gubanova ON, Klimov VV, Kozlov YN. Photoreduction of silicomolybdate in chloroplasts by agents accelerating the deactivation reactions of the water-oxidizing system. FEBS Lett 1995; 357:55-7. [PMID: 8001678 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01309-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Uncouplers of photosynthetic phosphorylation, CCCP, TTFB and PCP, inhibited light-induced O2 evolution in the Hill reaction with SiMo (I50 approximately 20, 3 and 45 microM, respectively), but only insignificantly diminished SiMo photoreduction by pea chloroplasts. The same properties were exhibited by the ADRY agent ANT2p. CCCP, TTFB and PCP are oxidizable compounds with redox potentials of +1.17, +1.18 and +1.09 V (pH 6.0), as determined by cyclic voltammetry. Similarly to NH2OH, the tested uncouplers can apparently serve as electron donors for photosystem II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Samuilov
- Department of Cell Physiology and Immunology, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Las Rivas J, Telfer A, Barber J. Two coupled β-carotene molecules protect P680 from photodamage in isolated Photosystem II reaction centres. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Miller N, Carpentier R. ENERGY DISSIPATION AND PHOTOPROTECTION MECHANISMS DURING CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOBLEACHING IN THYLAKOID MEMBRANES. Photochem Photobiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Klimov VV, Shafiev MA, Allakhverdiev SI. Photoinactivation of the reactivation capacity of photosystem II in pea subchloroplast particles after a complete removal of manganese. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1990; 23:59-65. [PMID: 24420992 DOI: 10.1007/bf00030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/1988] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
After a complete removal of Mn from pea subchloroplast photosystem-II (PS II) preparations the electron phototransfer and oxygen evolution are restored upon addition of Mn(2+) and Ca(2+). Pre-illumination of the sample in the absence of Mn(2+) leads to photoinhibition (PI) - irreversible loss of the capability of PS II to be reactivated by Mn(2+). The effect of PI is considerably decreased in the presence of Mn(2+) (∼4 Mn atoms per reaction center of PS II) and it is increased in the presence of ferricyanide or p-benzoquinone revealing the oxidative nature of the photoeffect. PI results in suppression of oxygen evolution, variable fluorescence, photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol from either water or diphenylcarbazide. However, photooxidation of chlorophyll P680, the primary electron donor of PS II as well as dark and photoinduced EPR signal II (ascribed to secondary electron donors D 1 and Z) are preserved. PI is accompanied by photooxidation of 2-3 carotenoid molecules per PS II reaction center (RC) that is accelerated in the presence of ferricyanide and is inhibited upon addition of Mn(2+) or diuron. The conclusion is made that PI in the absence of Mn leads to irreversible oxidative inactivation of electron transfer from water to RC of PS II which remains photochemically active. A loss of functional interaction of RC with the electron transport chain as a common feature for different types of PS II photoinhibition is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Klimov
- Institute of Soil Science and Photosynthesis, USSR Academy of Sciences, 142292, Pushchino, Moscow Region, USSR
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ashikawa I, Kito M, Satoh K, Koike H, Inoue Y, Saiki K, Tsukida K, Koyama Y. ALL-trans β-CAROTENE-5,6-EPOXIDE IN THYLAKOID MEMBRANES. Photochem Photobiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Mannan RM, Bose S. BASF 13.338 INDUCED CHANGES IN STRUCTURE and FUNCTION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS. Photochem Photobiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Ghanotakis DF, Yerkes CT, Babcock GT. The role of reagents accelerating the deactivation reactions of water-splitting enzyme system Y (ADRY reagents) in destabilizing high-potential oxidizing equivalents generated in chloroplast Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Schenck C, Diner B, Mathis P, Satoh K. Flash-induced carotenoid radical cation formation in Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Calvayrac R, Laval-Martin D. Oxygen uptake by Euglena gracilis mitochondria and chloroplasts, stimulated by ultraviolet irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(80)90088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Sayre RT, Homann PH. A light-dependent oxygen consumption induced by photosystem II of isolated chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 196:525-33. [PMID: 485164 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Cheniae GM, Martin IF. Studies on the mechanism of Tris-induced inactivation of oxygen evolution. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 502:321-44. [PMID: 656405 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(78)90053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A study was made of the inactivation by Tris of O2 evolution in chloroplasts and the subsequent reactivation of O2 evolution. We conclude: 1. At concentrations of Tris sufficient to inhibit O2 evolution directly, a slow rate (t 1/2 approximately 20--25 min) of inactivation occurs; 2. Inactivation is accelerated (t 1/2 approximately 2 min) by weak light absorbed by system II and is rate limited by a dark step with a half-time of about 200 s; 3. Minimally one quantum event within System II is sufficient to inactive 50--70% of the O2 evolving centers; 4. This process is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea insensitive but is inhibited by reduced dichlorophenol indophenol and phenazine methosulfate, carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, 2-(3-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl)-anilino-3,5-dinitrothiophene and tetraphenylboron; 5. Partial reactivation of inactive O2 evolving centers is affected by the use of the same reagents inhibiting the light induced inactivations; 6. The life-time (t 1/2 approximately 1 to 3 h) of the activable state is correlated with diffusion across thylakoids of the larger manganese pool released from binding sites and remaining in thylakoids following inactivation of O2 evolution.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Maison-Peteri B, Etienne AL. Effects of sodium azide on photosystem II of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 459:10-9. [PMID: 831779 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(77)90003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The action of sodium azide on the electron transport chain was investigated by means of oxygen evolution, fluorescence and luminescence measurements. (1) The damping of the oxygen oscillations is progressively reduced with increasing azide concentration in the range of 10(-5) - 10(-1) M. (2) The rate of the dark decay of the S2 and S3 states is considerably slowed. The degree of slowing is dependent on concentration. (3) Luminescence is inhibited by azide both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). (4) The fluorescence induction curve in strong light is modified in the presence of azide and its shape depends on azide concentration and on incubation time. (5) At a given time after a saturating flash, the fluorescence yield in the presence of azide is much higher than that of the control. It seems to be due to a general fluorescence increase rather than to a slower Q- reduction. (6) We tentatively propose an accelerated reduction of the primary donor P+ in state S2 and S3, by the intermediate donor Z in the presence of azide. Additionally, we have to assume that in the S2 and S3 states, some centers are blocked in an inactive low fluorescent form and that azide decreases their concentration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobayashi Y, Inoue Y, Shibata K. Light-dependent inhibitory action of p-nitrothiophenol on photosystem II in relation to the redox state of electron carriers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:600-8. [PMID: 963045 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem-II activity of chloroplasts was inhibited by the treatment with p-nitrothiophenol (NphSH) in the light, and the inhibition was accompanied by a change of the fluorescence spectrum. Aromatic mercaptans examined were active in causing this inhibition and fluorescence change. These effects of p-nitrothiophenol were highly accelerated by blocking the electron transport of the oxidation side of photosystem II by carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) or Tris-HC1 or heat pre-treatment, whereas these were suppressed by blocking the transport on the reduction side by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). It was deduced that the site of NphSH action in the electron transport chain is closer to the reaction center of photosystem II that the blocking site of CCCP or Tris-HC1 or heat, and that such a site in photosystem II is exposed to be modified with NphSH when electron carriers on the oxidation side of photosystem II are oxidized by illumination.
Collapse
|
22
|
Berg SP, Izawa S. Concentration-dependent effects of salicylaldoxime on chloroplast reactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 440:483-94. [PMID: 963041 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salicylaldoxime has been found to have a variety of concentration-dependent effects on chloroplast activities. At low concentrations (less than 10 mM), salicyladoxime reversibly inhibits all reactions which involve Photosystem II. Since the DCMU-insensitive silicomolybdate Hill reaction is also inhibited, one site of inhibition is definitely located before the DCMU-sensitive site, possibly before the photoact. The inhibition kinetics and the response of chloroplast fluorescence may indicate another site in the DCMU-sensitive region. At almost exactly the same concentrations (less than 10 mM), salicylaldoxime uncouples phosphorylation reversibly, whether it is supported by Photosystem II or by Photosystem I. At higher concentrations (approx. 20 mM) salicylaldoxime inhibits Photosystem II irreversibly, uncouples irreversibly, and begins to cause changes in chloroplast light scattering which could be manifestations of membrane damage. At very high concentrations (approx. 45 mM) salicylaldoxime irreversibly inhibits Photosystem I activity in the region of plastocyanin. This is indicated by the ability of salicylaldoxime to inhibit the photooxidation of cytochrome f but not the photooxidation of P-700.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sokolove PM, Marsho TV. Ascorbate-independent carotenoid de-epoxidation in intact spinach chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 430:321-6. [PMID: 776223 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Slow (greater 1 s) light-induced absorbance changes in the 475-5300 nm spectral region were examined in Type A chloroplasts from spinach. The most prominent absorption change occurred at 505 nm. The difference spectrum for this light-induced increase, its absence in osmotically shocked chloroplasts and restoration by ascorbate, and its sensitivity to dithiothreitol indicate that the absorption change is due to carotenoid de-epoxidatiion. The reaction in intact chloroplasts is characterized by its independence of exogenous ascorbate and a rate constant 3- to 8-fold higher than that reported previously for chloroplasts supplemented with ascorbate. The relevance of carotenoid de-epoxidation to other photosynthetic processes was examined by comparing their sensitivities to dithiothreitol. Levels of dithiothreitol that eliminate the 505 nm shift are without effect on saturated rates of CO2 fixation and do not appreciably inhibit fluorescence quenching. We conclude that carotenoid de-epoxidation is not directly involved in the reactions of photosynthesis or in the regulation of excitation allocation between the photosystems.
Collapse
|
24
|
Den Haan GA, Gorter De Vries H, Duysens LN. Correlation between flash-induced oxygen evolution and fluorescence yield kinetics in the 0 to 16 mus range in Chlorella pyyrenoidosa during incubation with hydroxylamine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 430:265-81. [PMID: 1276184 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following flash excitation, oxygen pulses and fluorescence kinetics in the time range 0-16 mus were studied in the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa during incubation with various concentrations of hydroxylamine. The obtained results could be explained considering four effects of hydroxylamine. 1. Hydroxylamine removes (reduces) oxidizing equivalents, generated in the water-splitting system by flash excitation. This process does not markedly affect the fluorescence yield kinetics between 0 and 16 mus following the ignition of a flash and reaches a constant rate within a few minutes, but possibly within a few seconds, after addition of hydroxylamine. In a sequence of flashes separated by dark time td, the steady-state oxygen yield in the flashes is exp(-ktd), the yield at td=0 being taken equal to 1, where k=(0.1 + beta[NH2OH])s-1, with [NH2OH] in mM and beta=0.6 mM-1, provided [NH2OH]greater than or equal to 0.5 mM. 2. An inhibition between Z, the physiological donor and the oxidized reaction center pigment P+ occurs, proceeding as exp (-kiti)where ti is the incubation time with hydroxylamine and ki=(alpha[NH2OH]) min-1, with [NH2OH] in mM and alpha=0.14 mM-1. This process not only inhibits oxygen evolution capability, but also decreases the amplitude of the fluorescence yield difference deltaphi=phi(16 mus)-phi(2 mus) induced by a flesh in the steady state. In a fraction of the reaction centers this inhibition occurs "immediately" after the addition of hydroxylamine. These observations, combined with the conslusion of Cheniae and Martin (1971, Plant Physiol. 47, 568-575) that the inhibition of the Hill reaction is related to the extraction of bound manganese indicate that the reaction between Z and P+ requires bound manganese. 3. In the inhibited centers a second donor for P+, D, connected to an entry site for the artificial electron donor hydroxylamine becomes apparent. 4. A flash-induced oxygen uptake signal was observed in the presence of hydroxylamine, which was shown to be caused by a system II reaction. The effects under (1) and (4) were reversed in the dark if hydroxylamine was removed by washing. The effects under (2) and (3) were reversed during illumination of a washed sample.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haveman J, Lavorel J. Identification of the 120 mus phase in the decay of delayed fluorescence in spinach chloroplasts and subchloroplast particles as the intrinsic back reaction. The dependence of the level of this phase on the thylakoids internal pH. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 408:269-38. [PMID: 61 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After a 500 mus laser flash a 120 mus phase in the decay of delayed fluorescence is visible under a variety of circumstances in spinach chloroplasts and subchloroplast particles enriched in Photosystem II prepared by means of digitonin. The level of this phase is high in the case of inhibition of oxygen evolution at the donor side of Photosystem II. Comparison with the results of Babcock and Sauer (1975) Biochim. Bio-phys. Acta 376, 329-344, indicates that their EPR signal IIf which they suppose to be due to Z+, the oxidized first secondary donor of Photosystem II, is well correlated with a large amplitude of our 120 mus phase. We explain our 120 mus phase by the intrinsic back reaction of the excited reaction center in the presence of Z+, as predicted by Van Gorkom and Donze (1973) Photochem. Photobiol. 17, 333-342. The redox state of Z+ is dependent on the internal pH of the thylakoids. The results on the effect of pH in the mus region are compared with those obtained in the ms region.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lemasson C, Etienne AL. Photo-inactivation of system II centers by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 408:135-42. [PMID: 1191652 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a high concentration of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (4-10(-6) M), the S2 and S3 dark decays are accelerated and become biphasic with a first half-time of 0.6 s. The first fast phase of the decays does not correspond to a simple reduction of S2, S3 back to S0, S1 (i.e. to an acceleration of the deactivation reaction), but to a decrease in the number of oxygen-evolving System II centers. This photo-inactivation produced by CCCP is rapidly reversible in the dark.
Collapse
|
27
|
Schreiber UVidaver W. Analysis of anaerobic fluorescence decay in Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 387:37-51. [PMID: 1125286 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With reduction of System II acceptors during dark anaerobic adaptation in Scenedesmus obliquus fluorescence yield rises to a maximum value in two distinct transitions. Subsequent illumination results in a decay of fluorescence yield with the following characteristics: 1. In low intensity light it is independent of temperature and is an expression of light reaction I. 2. In high intestity light it reflects the dark limiting step in the reoxidation mechanism of System II primary acceptors. 3. There is strong inhibition by agents known to block electron transport between the two systems. 4. At light limiting conditions decay kinetics include an initial delay phase and thereafter close to second order behaviour. 5. Following a single brief saturating flash a maximum of 80% quenching is restored and a second flash yields approx. 95% restoration. Comparison with the fluorescence rise in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea suggests that the decay reflects transfer of one positive charge from System I to the primary System II acceptor with the intermediary carrier pool remaining reduced.
Collapse
|
28
|
Schreiber U, Vidaver W. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction in anaerobic Scenedesmus obliquus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 368:97-112. [PMID: 4423963 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
29
|
Etienne AL. Effects of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and hydroxylamine on the photosystem II electron exchange mechanism in 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea treated algae and chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 333:497-508. [PMID: 4847549 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
30
|
Erixon K, Renger G. The action of tetraphenylboron as a system II electron donor and its effect on the decay of the electrical field across the thylakoid membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1974; 333:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Remy RENÉ. APPEARANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITIES IN WHEAT ETIOPLASTS GREENED UNDER CONTINUOUS OR INTERMITTENT LIGHT—EVIDENCE FOR WATER-SIDE PHOTOSYSTEM II DEFICIENCY AFTER GREENING UNDER INTERMITTENT LIGHT*. Photochem Photobiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1973.tb06441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Brandon PC, Elgersma O. Effects of -benzyl- -bromo-malodinitrile on the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II in spinach chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 292:753-62. [PMID: 4705453 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
33
|
The Energy State and Structure of Isolated Chloroplasts: The Oxidative Reactions Involving the Water-Splitting Step of Photosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
34
|
Kato S. Studies on electron transport associated with photosystem I. II. Role of plastocyanin in methyl viologen photoreduction in French press-treated chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 283:293-301. [PMID: 4574240 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
35
|
Haveman J, Duysens LN, Geest TC, van Gorkom HJ. Hydrazobenzene oxidation by 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol in a photoreaction catalyzed by system I of photosynthesis. Hydrazine compounds as donors for photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 283:316-27. [PMID: 4145067 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
36
|
Stuart TS, Gaffron H. The mechanism of hydrogen photoproduction by several algae : II. The contribution of photosystem II. PLANTA 1972; 106:101-112. [PMID: 24477952 DOI: 10.1007/bf00383990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/1972] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of PS II to H2 photoproduction by several unicellular green algae was measured both when O2 evolution and photophosphorylation were unimpaired and also when these processes had been eliminated by Cl-CCP. As judged by the effects of DCMU, a PS II contribution was found under both sets of experimental conditions for several strains of Chlorella, Ankistrodesmus and Scenedesmus. However, H2 photoproduction by Chlamydomonas moewusii was insensitive to DCMU and thus was entirely due to PS I. With cells treated with Cl-CCP, the relative amount of PS II contribution varied from zero in autotrophically grown Chlamydomonas reinhardii, to ≈ 20% in photoheterotrophically grown and ≈ 50% in autotrophically grown cells of Ankistrodesmus braunii, Chlorella fusca, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. The dehydrogenation of reduced H-donors by PS II of Scenedesmus treated with Cl-CCP showed the same biphasic kinetics previously described for H2 photoproduction by PS I of this alga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Stuart
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Homann PH. Actions of carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone on electron transport and fluorescence of isolated chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 245:129-43. [PMID: 5132468 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
38
|
[60] Carotenoproteins. Methods Enzymol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(71)23136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
39
|
Wraight CA, Crofts AR. Energy-dependent quenching of chlorophyll alpha fluorescence in isolated chloroplasts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 17:319-27. [PMID: 5500400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
40
|
Katoh S, Ikegami I, Takamiya A. Effects of hydroxylamine on electron-transport system in chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 141:207-18. [PMID: 4394696 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
Nakaya K, Ariga K, Haraguchi T, Nakamura Y. Light-induced changes in resistivity of spinach chloroplasts toward modification with diazonium-1,2,4-triazole. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 216:364-72. [PMID: 5504632 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(70)90228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
42
|
Yamashita K, Itoh M, Shibata K. Activation by manganese of photochemical oxygen evolution and NADP+ photoreduction in chloroplasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 189:133-5. [PMID: 4390403 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
43
|
Ito M, Yamashita K, Nishi T, Konishi K, Shibata K. The site of manganese function in photosynthetic electron transport system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 180:509-19. [PMID: 5810847 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|