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Ostroumov EE, Götze JP, Reus M, Lambrev PH, Holzwarth AR. Characterization of fluorescent chlorophyll charge-transfer states as intermediates in the excited state quenching of light-harvesting complex II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:171-193. [PMID: 32307623 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is the major antenna complex in higher plants and green algae. It has been suggested that a major part of the excited state energy dissipation in the so-called "non-photochemical quenching" (NPQ) is located in this antenna complex. We have performed an ultrafast kinetics study of the low-energy fluorescent states related to quenching in LHCII in both aggregated and the crystalline form. In both sample types the chlorophyll (Chl) excited states of LHCII are strongly quenched in a similar fashion. Quenching is accompanied by the appearance of new far-red (FR) fluorescence bands from energetically low-lying Chl excited states. The kinetics of quenching, its temperature dependence down to 4 K, and the properties of the FR-emitting states are very similar both in LHCII aggregates and in the crystal. No such FR-emitting states are found in unquenched trimeric LHCII. We conclude that these states represent weakly emitting Chl-Chl charge-transfer (CT) states, whose formation is part of the quenching process. Quantum chemical calculations of the lowest energy exciton and CT states, explicitly including the coupling to the specific protein environment, provide detailed insight into the chemical nature of the CT states and the mechanism of CT quenching. The experimental data combined with the results of the calculations strongly suggest that the quenching mechanism consists of a sequence of two proton-coupled electron transfer steps involving the three quenching center Chls 610/611/612. The FR-emitting CT states are reaction intermediates in this sequence. The polarity-controlled internal reprotonation of the E175/K179 aa pair is suggested as the switch controlling quenching. A unified model is proposed that is able to explain all known conditions of quenching or non-quenching of LHCII, depending on the environment without invoking any major conformational changes of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jan P Götze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Reus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Alfred R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany.
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Lambrev PH, Nilkens M, Miloslavina Y, Jahns P, Holzwarth AR. Kinetic and spectral resolution of multiple nonphotochemical quenching components in Arabidopsis leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:1611-24. [PMID: 20032080 PMCID: PMC2832277 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.148213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Using novel specially designed instrumentation, fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves during the induction period of dark to high-light adaptation in order to follow the spectral changes associated with the formation of nonphotochemical quenching. In addition to an overall decrease of photosystem II fluorescence (quenching) across the entire spectrum, high light induced two specific relative changes in the spectra: (1) a decrease of the main emission band at 682 nm relative to the far-red (750-760 nm) part of the spectrum (Delta F(682)); and (2) an increase at 720 to 730 nm (Delta F(720)) relative to 750 to 760 nm. The kinetics of the two relative spectral changes and their dependence on various mutants revealed that they do not originate from the same process but rather from at least two independent processes. The Delta F(720) change is specifically associated with the rapidly reversible energy-dependent quenching. Comparison of the wild-type Arabidopsis with mutants unable to produce or overexpressing the PsbS subunit of photosystem II showed that PsbS was a necessary component for Delta F(720). The spectral change Delta F(682) is induced both by energy-dependent quenching and by PsbS-independent mechanism(s). A third novel quenching process, independent from both PsbS and zeaxanthin, is activated by a high turnover rate of photosystem II. Its induction and relaxation occur on a time scale of a few minutes. Analysis of the spectral inhomogeneity of nonphotochemical quenching allows extraction of mechanistically valuable information from the fluorescence induction kinetics when registered in a spectrally resolved fashion.
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Purchase R, Völker S. Spectral hole burning: examples from photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:245-66. [PMID: 19714478 PMCID: PMC2744831 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectra of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes usually show broad absorption bands, often consisting of a number of overlapping, "hidden" bands belonging to different species. Spectral hole burning is an ideal technique to unravel the optical and dynamic properties of such hidden species. Here, the principles of spectral hole burning (HB) and the experimental set-up used in its continuous wave (CW) and time-resolved versions are described. Examples from photosynthesis studied with hole burning, obtained in our laboratory, are then presented. These examples have been classified into three groups according to the parameters that were measured: (1) hole widths as a function of temperature, (2) hole widths as a function of delay time and (3) hole depths as a function of wavelength. Two examples from light-harvesting (LH) 2 complexes of purple bacteria are given within the first group: (a) the determination of energy-transfer times from the chromophores in the B800 ring to the B850 ring, and (b) optical dephasing in the B850 absorption band. One example from photosystem II (PSII) sub-core complexes of higher plants is given within the second group: it shows that the size of the complex determines the amount of spectral diffusion measured. Within the third group, two examples from (green) plants and purple bacteria have been chosen for: (a) the identification of "traps" for energy transfer in PSII sub-core complexes of green plants, and (b) the uncovering of the lowest k = 0 exciton-state distribution within the B850 band of LH2 complexes of purple bacteria. The results prove the potential of spectral hole burning measurements for getting quantitative insight into dynamic processes in photosynthetic systems at low temperature, in particular, when individual bands are hidden within broad absorption bands. Because of its high-resolution wavelength selectivity, HB is a technique that is complementary to ultrafast pump-probe methods. In this review, we have provided an extensive bibliography for the benefit of scientists who plan to make use of this valuable technique in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Purchase
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Völker
- Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Szczepaniak M, Sander J, Nowaczyk M, Müller MG, Rögner M, Holzwarth AR. Charge separation, stabilization, and protein relaxation in photosystem II core particles with closed reaction center. Biophys J 2009; 96:621-31. [PMID: 19167309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence kinetics of cyanobacterial photosystem II (PSII) core particles with closed reaction centers (RCs) were studied with picosecond resolution. The data are modeled in terms of electron transfer (ET) and associated protein conformational relaxation processes, resolving four different radical pair (RP) states. The target analyses reveal the importance of protein relaxation steps in the ET chain for the functioning of PSII. We also tested previously published data on cyanobacterial PSII with open RCs using models that involved protein relaxation steps as suggested by our data on closed RCs. The rationale for this reanalysis is that at least one short-lived component could not be described in the previous simpler models. This new analysis supports the involvement of a protein relaxation step for open RCs as well. In this model the rate of ET from reduced pheophytin to the primary quinone Q(A) is determined to be 4.1 ns(-1). The rate of initial charge separation is slowed down substantially from approximately 170 ns(-1) in PSII with open RCs to 56 ns(-1) upon reduction of Q(A). However, the free-energy drop of the first RP is not changed substantially between the two RC redox states. The currently assumed mechanistic model, assuming the same early RP intermediates in both states of RC, is inconsistent with the presented energetics of the RPs. Additionally, a comparison between PSII with closed RCs in isolated cores and in intact cells reveals slightly different relaxation kinetics, with a approximately 3.7 ns component present only in isolated cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szczepaniak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Ruhr, Germany
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Ohta K, Okoshi R, Wakabayashi M, Ishikawa A, Sato Y, Kizaki H. Geldanamycin, a heat-shock protein 90-binding agent, induces thymocyte apoptosis through destabilization of Lck in presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. Biomed Res 2007; 28:33-42. [PMID: 17379955 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.28.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Geldanamycin, a heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-binding agent, modulates various cellular activities. The present study found that, although geldanamycin by itself had no effect on thymocyte viability, it induced apoptosis in thymocytes with a reduction of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). This apoptosis depended on transcription and translation, and on activation of caspase-8 and -3. Geldanamycin treatment in the presence of TPA also enhanced destabilization of Lck. This destabilization was independent of transcription and translation. It was inhibited, however, by conventional PKC inhibitors, preventing apoptosis. Proteasome inhibitor affected neither the degradation of Lck nor DNA fragmentation, although they inhibited reduction of DeltaPsim. These results suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is not involved in Lck destabilization, and that DeltaPsim reduction is not directly related to the progression of apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of Lck in the presence of TPA induced apoptosis in thymocytes. Our findings suggest that Hsp90 modulates thymocyte apoptosis in concert with PKC through the destabilization of Lck and in a caspase-8- and -3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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Ohta K, Okoshi R, Wakabayashi M, Sato Y, Kizaki H. MODULATION OF DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED THYMOCYTE APOPTOSIS BY HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN 90-BINDING AGENTS. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2004; 45:1-8. [PMID: 15346879 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.45.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is known to affect a variety of cellular activities. The present study showed that the HSP90-binding agents, geldanamycin, herbimycin A and radicicol, inhibited the murine thymocyte apoptosis induced by dexamethasone and was accompanied by the inhibition of the reduction of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m). HSP90-binding agents did not inhibit etoposide-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of dexamethasone-induced apoptosis was in part due to the interference of HSP90 with the glucocorticoid receptor, resulting in the inhibition of nuclear translocation of the receptor. The expression of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors, which were shown to be involved in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, did not participate in the inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R, Riley K, Picorel R, Seibert M, Small GJ. How Fast Is Excitation Energy Transfer in the Photosystem II Reaction Center in the Low Temperature Limit? Hole Burning vs Photon Echo. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Zazubovich
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Jankowiak
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - K. Riley
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R. Picorel
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Seibert
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G. J. Small
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, and E. E. Aula Dei, CSIC, Apdo. 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Savikhin S, Xu W, Chitnis PR, Struve WS. Ultrafast primary processes in PS I from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: roles of P700 and A(0). Biophys J 2000; 79:1573-86. [PMID: 10969018 PMCID: PMC1301050 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitation transport and trapping kinetics of core antenna-reaction center complexes from photosystem I of wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were investigated under annihilation-free conditions in complexes with open and closed reaction centers. For closed reaction centers, the long-component decay-associated spectrum (DAS) from global analysis of absorption difference spectra excited at 660 nm is essentially flat (maximum amplitude <10(-5) absorbance units). For open reaction centers, the long-time spectrum (which exhibits photobleaching maxima at approximately 680 and 700 nm, and an absorbance feature near 690 nm) resembles one previously attributed to (P700(+) - P700). For photosystem I complexes excited at 660 nm with open reaction centers, the equilibration between the bulk antenna and far-red chlorophylls absorbing at wavelengths >700 nm is well described by a single DAS component with lifetime 2.3 ps. For closed reaction centers, two DAS components (2.0 and 6.5 ps) are required to fit the kinetics. The overall trapping time at P700 ( approximately 24 ps) is very nearly the same in either case. Our results support a scenario in which the time constant for the P700 --> A(0) electron transfer is 9-10 ps, whereas the kinetics of the subsequent A(0) --> A(1) electron transfer are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savikhin
- Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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11
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Santabarbara S, Garlaschi FM, Zucchelli G, Jennings RC. The effect of excited state population in photosystem II on the photoinhibition-induced changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1409:165-70. [PMID: 9878720 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photoinhibition-induced changes in Photosystem II fluorescence parameters of spinach thylakoids were only slightly sensitive to the excited state population in Photosystem II antenna, as modulated by either quinone quenching or energy spillover. The possibility that this may be due to a small fraction of chlorophyll molecules which are poorly coupled to the antenna is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santabarbara
- Centro CNR Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Groot ML, Eijckelhoff C, Dekker JP. Charge separation in the reaction center of photosystem II studied as a function of temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4389-94. [PMID: 9113999 PMCID: PMC20732 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosystem II of green plants the key photosynthetic reaction consists of the transfer of an electron from the primary donor called P680 to a nearby pheophytin molecule. We analyzed the temperature dependence of this reaction by subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 20-240 K using isolated photosystem II reaction centers from spinach. After excitation in the red edge of the Qy absorption band, the decay of the excited state can conveniently be described by two kinetic components that both accelerate with temperature. This temperature behavior differs remarkably from that observed in purple bacterial reaction centers. We attribute the first component, which accelerates from 2.6 ps at 20 K to 0.4 ps at 240 K, to charge separation after direct excitation of P680, and explain its temperature dependence by an intermediate that lies in energy above the singlet-excited P680 and that possibly has charge-transfer character. The second component accelerates from 120 ps at 20 K to 18 ps at 240 K and is attributed to charge separation after direct excitation of the "trap" state near-degenerate with P680 and subsequent slow energy transfer from this trap state to P680. We suggest that the slow energy transfer from the trap state to P680 plays an important role in the kinetics of radical pair formation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Molecular Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Konermann L, Gatzen G, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center. 5. Modeling of the Fluorescence Kinetics of the D1−D2−cyt-b559 Complex at 77 K. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9606671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Guido Gatzen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Hou J, Kuang T, Ye T, Yu Z, Yang K, Cui Y, Chen Y, Tang C, Wang S, Hou X, Tang P. Kinetics of charge separation and energy transfer in photosystem II reaction center. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02882477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eijckelhoff C, Vacha F, van Grondelle R, Dekker JP, Barber J. Spectroscopic characterization of a 5 Chl a photosystem II reaction center complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(96)00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vasil'ev S, Bergmann A, Redlin H, Eichler HJ, Renger G. On the role of exchangeable hydrogen bonds for the kinetics of P680+. QA−. formation and P680+. Pheo−. recombination in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(96)00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Groot ML, Dekker JP, van Grondelle R, den Hartog FTH, Völker S. Energy Transfer and Trapping in Isolated Photosystem II Reaction Centers of Green Plants at Low Temperature. A Study by Spectral Hole Burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960326n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Groot
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Dekker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Grondelle
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F. T. H. den Hartog
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Völker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Free University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for the Study of Excited States of Molecules, Huygens and Gorlaeus Laboratories, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Müller MG, Hucke M, Reus M, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center. 4. Low-Intensity Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectra of D1-D2-cyt-b559 Reaction Centers,. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953714i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc G. Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mathias Hucke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Reus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Müller MG, Hucke M, Reus M, Holzwarth AR. Annihilation Processes in the Isolated D1-D2-cyt-b559 Reaction Center Complex of Photosystem II. An Intensity-Dependence Study of Femtosecond Transient Absorption,. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34-36; D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - M. Hucke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34-36; D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - M. Reus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34-36; D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - A. R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34-36; D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Greenfield SR, Wasielewski MR. Excitation energy transfer and charge separation in the isolated Photosystem II reaction center. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 48:83-97. [PMID: 24271289 DOI: 10.1007/bf00040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/1996] [Accepted: 01/22/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nature of excitation energy transfer and charge separation in isolated Photosystem II reaction centers is an area of considerable interest and controversy. Excitation energy transfer from accessory chlorophyll a to the primary electron donor P680 takes place in tens of picoseconds, although there is some evidence that thermal equilibration of the excitation between P680 and a subset of the accessory chlorophyll a occurs on a 100-fs timescale. The intrinsic rate for charge separation at low temperature is accepted to be ca. (2 ps)(-1), and is based on several measurements using different experimental techniques. This rate is in good agreement with estimates based on larger sized particles, and is similar to the rate observed with bacterial reaction centers. However, near room temperature there is considerable disagreement as to the observed rate for charge separation, with several experiments pointing to a ca. (3 ps)(-1) rate, and others to a ca. (20 ps)(-1) rate. These processes and the experiments used to measure them will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Greenfield
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, 60439-4831, Argonne, IL, USA
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Gatzen G, Müller MG, Griebenow K, Holzwarth AR. Primary Processes and Structure of the Photosystem II Reaction Center. 3. Kinetic Analysis of Picosecond Energy Transfer and Charge Separation Processes in the D1−D2−cyt-b559 Complex Measured by Time-Resolved Fluorescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9530865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gatzen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc G. Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Jennings RC, Garlaschi FM, Finzi L, Zucchelli G. Slow exciton trapping in Photosystem II: A possible physiological role. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 47:167-173. [PMID: 24301824 DOI: 10.1007/bf00016179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/1995] [Accepted: 12/06/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II, which has a primary photochemical charge separation time of about 300 ps, is the slowest trapping of all photosystems. On the basis of an analysis of data from the literature this is shown to be due to a number of partly independent factors: a shallow energy funnel in the antenna, an energetically shallow trap, exciton dynamics which are partly 'trap limited' and a large antenna. It is argued that the first three of these properties of Photosystem II can be understood in terms of protective mechanisms against photoinhibition. These protective mechanisms, based on the generation of non photochemical quenching states mostly in the peripheral antenna, are able to decrease pheophytin reduction under conditions in which the primary quinone, QA, is already reduced, due to the slow trapping properties. The shallow antenna funnel is important in allowing quenching state-protective mechanisms in the peripheral antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jennings
- Centro CNR sulla Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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23
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Donovan B, Walker LA, Yocum CF, Sension RJ. Transient Absorption Studies of the Primary Charge Separation in Photosystem II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp951984v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Larry A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Charles F. Yocum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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24
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Giorgi LB, Nixon PJ, Merry SA, Joseph DM, Durrant JR, De Las Rivas J, Barber J, Porter G, Klug DR. Comparison of primary charge separation in the photosystem II reaction center complex isolated from wild-type and D1-130 mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:2093-101. [PMID: 8567665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.4.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We compare primary charge separation in a photosystem II reaction center preparation isolated from a wild-type (WT) control strain of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and from two site-directed mutants of Synechocystis in which residue 130 of the D1 polypeptide has been changed from a glutamine to either a glutamate (mutant D1-Gln130Glu), as in higher plant sequences, or a leucine residue (mutant D1-Gln130Leu). The D1-130 residue is thought to be close to the pheophytin electron acceptor. We show that, when P680 is photoselectively excited, the primary radical pair state P680+Ph- is formed with a time constant of 20-30 ps in the WT and both mutants; this time constant is very similar to that observed in Pisum sativum (a higher plant). We also show that a change in the residue at position D1-130 causes a shift in the peak of the pheophytin Qx-band. Nanosecond and picosecond transient absorption measurements indicate that the quantum yield of radical pair formation (phi RP), associated with the 20-30-ps component, is affected by the identify of the D1-130 residue. We find that, for the isolated photosystem II reaction center particle, phi RP higher plant > phi RP D1-Gln130Glu mutant > phi RP WT > phi RP D1-Gln130Leu mutant. Furthermore, the spectroscopic and quantum yield differences we observe between the WT Synechocystis and higher plant photosystem II, seem to be reversed by mutating the D1-130 ligand so that it is the same as in higher plants. This result is consistent with the previously observed natural regulation of quantum yield in Synechococcus PS II by particular changes in the D1 polypeptide amino acid sequence (Clark, A.K., Hurry, V. M., Gustafsson, P. and Oquist, G. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 11985-11989).
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Giorgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Konermann L, Holzwarth AR. Analysis of the absorption spectrum of photosystem II reaction centers: temperature dependence, pigment assignment, and inhomogeneous broadening. Biochemistry 1996; 35:829-42. [PMID: 8547263 DOI: 10.1021/bi9513158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study a model for decomposition and pigment assignment of the low-temperature (10 K) absorption spectrum of the photosystem II reaction center (D1-D2-cytochrome b559 complex, PSII-RC) is developed. It is based on theoretical calculations of the line shapes of the inhomogeneously broadened pigment spectra, taking into account electron-phonon coupling. The analysis is performed under the hypothesis that exciton coupling is weak, except for the P680 special pair. In this way a detailed decomposition of the absorption spectrum is obtained. Within the model the temperature dependence of the spectrum can be well explained. It is mainly caused by the temperature-dependent changes of the homogeneous absorption spectra of the individual pigments in the PSII-RC. In addition, slight changes in the inhomogeneous distribution functions have to be taken into account. Two slightly different parameter sets are found. We prefer one of these parameter sets which indicates that an accessory chlorophyll (Chl) is the lowest energy pigment in the RC core and that the two antenna Chls have their spectral maxima at 667.7 and 677.9 nm, respectively. The relationship between the shape of the absorption spectrum and the pigment stoichiometry of the sample (ratio of chlorophyll a:pheophytin a), which was noticed by comparison of a variety of different independently prepared samples, can be explained by the presence of "additional" Chl molecules which are nonstoichiometrically bound to part of the PSII-RCs. These Chls can be grouped into three spectrally distinguishable pools. One of them has its absorption maximum at about 683 nm and is responsible for the prominent shoulder that is present in the 10 K absorption spectra of most PSII-RC preparations. Our results suggest that the Chl content of the samples has been underestimated in many spectroscopic studies on the PSII-RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Konermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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26
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Jennings RC, Bassi R, Zucchelli G. Antenna structure and energy transfer in higher plant photosystems. ELECTRON TRANSFER II 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-60110-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Identification of a photochemically inactive pheophytin molecule in the spinach D1-D2-cyt b559 complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Eijckelhoff C, Dekker JP. Determination of the pigment stoichiometry of the photochemical reaction center of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(95)00055-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Klug DR, Rech T, Melissa Joseph D, Barber J, Durrant JR, Porter G. Primary processes in isolated Photosystem II reaction centres probed by magic angle transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00037-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Zucchelli G, Garlaschi FM, Croce R, Bassi R, Jennings RC. A Stepanov relation analysis of steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra in the isolated D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)00184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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32
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FDMR of chlorophyll triplets in integrated particles and isolated reaction centres of Photosystem II. Identification of P680 triplet. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Energy transfer, charge separation and pigment arrangement in the reaction center of Photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Yruela I, van Kan PJ, Müller MG, Holzwarth AR. Characterization of a D1-D2-cyt b-559 complex containing 4 chlorophyll a/2 pheophytin a isolated with the use of MgSO4. FEBS Lett 1994; 339:25-30. [PMID: 8313975 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A D1-D2-cyt b-559 complex containing 4 chlorophyll alpha, 1 beta-carotene and 1 cytochrome b-559 per 2 pheophytin a has been isolated from spinach with 30% yield using a Q-Sepharose Fast-Flow anion-exchange column equilibrated with 0.1% Triton X-100, 10 mM MgSO4 and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2). The preparation was then stabilized with 0.1% dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside. This method gave a yield 10 times higher than that using a Fractogel TSK-DEAE 650(S) column equilibrated with 0.1% Triton X-100, 30 mM NaCl and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.2). The PS II RC complex was characterized using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy at 277 and 77 K. A selective reversible bleaching under reducing conditions with maximum at 682 nm, associated with pheophytin a reduction, and light-induced absorption differences with a lifetime of 1.0 ms, ascribed to the triplet state of P680 were measured and indicated that the isolated D1-D2-cyt b-559 complex is active in charge separation. The results are compared with the data obtained for a PS II RC preparation containing 6 chlorophyll alpha, 2 beta-carotene and 1 cyt b-559 per 2 pheophytin a.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yruela
- Max-Planck Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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