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Timofeeva L, Bondarenko G, Nikitushkin V, Simonova Y, Topchiy M, Eremenko I, Shleeva M, Mulyukin A, Kaprelyants A. On the molecular mechanism of nonspecific antimicrobial action of protonated diallylammonium polymers on mycobacterial cells. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Andriianova AN, Latypova LR, Vasilova LY, Kiseleva SV, Zorin VV, Abdrakhmanov IB, Mustafin AG. Antibacterial properties of polyaniline derivatives. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia N. Andriianova
- Laboratory of organic functional materials Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Lyaysan R. Latypova
- Laboratory of organic functional materials Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Liliya Ya. Vasilova
- Department of biochemistry and microbiological engineering Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Ufa Russia
| | - Sofia V. Kiseleva
- Department of biochemistry and microbiological engineering Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Ufa Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Zorin
- Department of biochemistry and microbiological engineering Ufa State Petroleum Technological University Ufa Russia
| | - Ildus B. Abdrakhmanov
- Laboratory of organic functional materials Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
| | - Akhat G. Mustafin
- Laboratory of organic functional materials Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa Russia
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3
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Influence of lipid bilayer composition on the activity of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium ionenes, the interplay of intrinsic lipid curvature and polymer hydrophobicity, the role of cardiolipin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112016. [PMID: 34364250 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of hydrophobic component into amphiphilic polycations structure is frequently accompanied by an increase of antimicrobial activity. There is, however, a group of relatively hydrophilic polycations containing quaternary ammonium moieties along mainchain, ionenes, which also display strong antimicrobial and limited hemolytic properties. In this work, an influence of a hydrophobic side group length on antimicrobial mechanism of action is investigated in a series of novel amphiphilic ionenes. High antimicrobial activity was found by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal, and fungicidal concentration (MBC and MFC) in both growth media and a buffer. Biocompatibility was estimated by hemolytic and mammalian cells viability assays. Mechanistic studies were performed using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with different lipid composition, as simplified models of cell membranes. The investigated ionenes are potent and selective antimicrobial molecules displaying a decrease of antimicrobial activity correlated with increase of hydrophobicity. Studies using LUVs revealed that the cardiolipin is an essential component responsible for the lipid bilayer permeabilization by investigated ionens. In contrast to relatively hydrophilic ionenes, more hydrophobic polymers showed an ability to stabilize membranes composed of lipids with negative spontaneous curvature in a certain range of polymer to lipid ratio. The results substantially contribute to the understanding of antimicrobial activity of the investigated class of polymers.
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4
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Semenyuk PI, Efimova AA, Lentin II, Le-Deygen IM, Izumrudov VA. Interaction of Ionenes with Lipid Membrane: Unusual Impact of Charge Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14717-14727. [PMID: 33211497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic water-soluble polymers are increasingly used for gene delivery, stabilization, and delivery of proteins, and as prospective antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Therefore, study of their interaction with lipid membranes is of special importance. Herein, we studied interaction of aliphatic cationic ionenes (recently tested for gene delivery efficiency) differed in the length of spacer between charged groups (and therefore in charge density) with anionic lipid membrane. A range of approaches such as measurement of particle size and electrophoretic mobility, liposome integrity, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry as well as atomistic molecular modeling was used. Ionene with a spacer of 10 methylene groups has been shown to be incorporated into membrane and interact with its inner hydrophobic part in contrast to ionenes with shorter spacer, which interacted only with outer polar head groups of lipids staying at the water-membrane interface. It affects membrane integrity and results in a different behavior of the polymer-liposome complexes. These findings are relevant for potential biomedical application of ionenes, including creation of composite polymer-liposome systems for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninkie Gory 1/40, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Efimova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninkie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Lentin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninkie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina M Le-Deygen
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninkie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Izumrudov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninkie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Zhao S, Huang W, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Zhang J, Deng L, Dong A. Screening and Matching Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Efficient Antibiosis. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5269-5281. [PMID: 33226784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amphiphilic cationic polymers that mimic antimicrobial peptides have received increasing attention due to their excellent antibacterial activity. However, the relationship between the structure of cationic polymers and its antibacterial effect remains unclear. In our current work, a series of PEG blocked amphiphilic cationic polymers composed of hydrophobic alkyl-modified and quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties have been prepared. The structure-antibacterial activity relationship of these cationic polymers was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus, including PEGylation, random structure, molecular weights, and the content and lengths of the hydrophobic alkyl side chains. The results indicated that PEGylated random amphiphilic cationic copolymer (mPB35/T57) showed stronger antibacterial activity and better biocompatibility than the random copolymer without PEG (PB33/T56). Furthermore, mPB35/T57 with appropriate mole fraction of alkyl side chains (falkyl = 0.38), degree of polymerization (DP = 92), and four-carbon hydrophobic alkyl moieties was found to have the optimal structure that revealed the best antibacterial activities against both E. coli (MIC = 8 μg/mL, selectivity > 250) and S. aureus (MIC = 4 μg/mL, selectivity > 500). More importantly, mPB35/T57 could effectively eradicate E. coli biofilms by killing the bacteria embedded in the biofilms. Therefore, the structure of mPB35/T57 provided valuable information for improving the antibacterial activity of cationic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - YuFeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Kopiasz RJ, Tomaszewski W, Kuźmińska A, Chreptowicz K, Mierzejewska J, Ciach T, Jańczewski D. Hydrophilic Quaternary Ammonium Ionenes—Is There an Influence of Backbone Flexibility and Topology on Antibacterial Properties? Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000063. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jerzy Kopiasz
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 Warsaw 00‐664 Poland
| | - Waldemar Tomaszewski
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 Warsaw 00‐664 Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuźmińska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process EngineeringWarsaw University of Technology Waryńskiego 1 Warsaw 00‐645 Poland
| | - Karolina Chreptowicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 Warsaw 00‐664 Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 Warsaw 00‐664 Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process EngineeringWarsaw University of Technology Waryńskiego 1 Warsaw 00‐645 Poland
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 Warsaw 00‐664 Poland
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7
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Facile preparation of antiadhesive and biocidal reverse osmosis membranes using a single coating for efficient water purification. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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9
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Krumm C, Tiller JC. Antimicrobial Polymers and Surfaces – Natural Mimics or Surpassing Nature? BIO-INSPIRED POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626664-00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fighting pathogenic microbes is one of the great current challenges of mankind. Nature has developed several techniques to counteract microbial attacks. Science has also yielded several technologies, including antimicrobial polymers as biocides and polymers used for microbe killing and repelling surfaces. Recent scientific antimicrobial approaches are mimicking natural concepts. In this chapter, current developments in antimicrobial and antifouling polymers and surfaces are reviewed and discussed regarding the question whether they mimic nature or surpass it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krumm
- Department of Bio- and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 66 D-44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Department of Bio- and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 66 D-44227 Dortmund Germany
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10
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Nuzhdina AV, Morozov AS, Kopitsyna MN, Strukova EN, Shlykova DS, Bessonov IV, Lobakova ES. Simple and versatile method for creation of non-leaching antimicrobial surfaces based on cross-linked alkylated polyethyleneimine derivatives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 70:788-795. [PMID: 27770956 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel quaternized polyethyleneimine and cross-linked polyethyleneimine derivatives have been synthesized using both traditional and microwave-assisted techniques to create antimicrobial coatings, with octyl, dodecyl, or hexadecyl bromides as alkylating agent and various bifunctional electrophiles as cross-linkers. Quaternization has been performed using methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate; it has been shown that methyl iodide has no advantages over dimethyl sulfate. Antimicrobial activity of the polymers against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa) bacteria has been evaluated. Antimicrobial activity declines with increase in the alkylating agent chain length. Equimolar ratio of the alkylating agent and the primary amino groups in polyethyleneimine is optimal. Although cross-linking decreases the antimicrobial activity of quaternized polyethyleneimines, it improves their "non-leaching" properties (i.e. minimizes undesirable water washout of the polymeric coatings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Nuzhdina
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Morozov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria N Kopitsyna
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Strukova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, 11-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S Shlykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, 11-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Bessonov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S Lobakova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Kumar S, Raj S, Sarkar K, Chatterjee K. Engineering a multi-biofunctional composite using poly(ethylenimine) decorated graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6820-36. [PMID: 26955801 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toward preparing strong multi-biofunctional materials, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) conjugated graphene oxide (GO_PEI) was synthesized using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a spacer and incorporated in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at different fractions. GO_PEI significantly promoted the proliferation and formation of focal adhesions in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on PCL. GO_PEI was highly potent in inducing stem cell osteogenesis leading to near doubling of alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization over neat PCL with 5% filler content and was ≈50% better than GO. Remarkably, 5% GO_PEI was as potent as soluble osteoinductive factors. Increased adsorption of osteogenic factors due to the amine and oxygen containing functional groups on GO_PEI augment stem cell differentiation. GO_PEI was also highly efficient in imparting bactericidal activity with 85% reduction in counts of E. coli colonies compared to neat PCL at 5% filler content and was more than twice as efficient as GO. This may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the sharp edges of the particles along with the presence of the different chemical moieties. Thus, GO_PEI based polymer composites can be utilized to prepare bioactive resorbable biomaterials as an alternative to using labile biomolecules for fabricating orthopedic devices for fracture fixation and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Shammy Raj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Abid CKVZ, Jain S, Jackeray R, Chattopadhyay S, Singh H. Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium dendrimer in poly(methyl methcarylate) bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:521-530. [PMID: 26584408 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of novel antimicrobial molecules in bone cement can improve efficiency of recuperation after arthroplasty or joint replacement surgeries, avoiding the risks associated with antibiotic resistant antimicrobial agents. Nanomaterials particularly dendrimers are particularly useful for making broad spectrum killing agents owing to their large surface areas and functionalities. Therefore, we have synthesized generation 1 quaternary ammonium dendrimer of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) using octyl iodide (OI) [TPGDA G1.0 (=) quaternary octyl iodide (QOI)] and capitalized on their capabilities of contact killing based mechanism. We formulated different TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI antimicrobial agent loaded liquid component composed of methyl methacrylate monomer and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine coinitiator. Different polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based experimental bone cement formulations were made and dendrimer concentration was optimized. Mechanical strength and compressive modulus of modified bone cement decreased on increasing concentrations and 10% was optimized for further analysis. The mechanical strength of bone cement yield the similar trend in wet conditions bone cement immersed in artificially created stimulated body fluids. Ten percent TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI in bone cement was sufficient to kill gram positive and negative bacteria and its property is retained even after a period of 30 days. Thus novel dendritic structures show promise for clinical antimicrobial activity while retaining mechanical properties of bone cements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 521-530, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K V Zainul Abid
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Swati Jain
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Richa Jackeray
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sruti Chattopadhyay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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13
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Strassburg A, Kracke F, Wenners J, Jemeljanova A, Kuepper J, Petersen H, Tiller JC. Nontoxic, Hydrophilic Cationic Polymers-Identified as Class of Antimicrobial Polymers. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1710-23. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Strassburg
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Frauke Kracke
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julia Wenners
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anna Jemeljanova
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jannis Kuepper
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Hanne Petersen
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tiller
- Chair of Biomaterials and Polymer Science; Department of biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund; Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund Germany
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14
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Xue Y, Xiao H, Zhang Y. Antimicrobial polymeric materials with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3626-55. [PMID: 25667977 PMCID: PMC4346917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials containing quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salts have been extensively studied and applied to a variety of antimicrobial-relevant areas. With various architectures, polymeric quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts were prepared using different approaches, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities and potential applications. This review focuses on the state of the art of antimicrobial polymers with quaternary ammonium/phosphonium salts. In particular, it discusses the structure and synthesis method, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and the comparison of antimicrobial performance between these two kinds of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Environment Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China.
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16
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Flórez-Castillo JM, Perullini M, Jobbágy M, de Jesús Cano Calle H. Enhancing Antibacterial Activity Against Escherichia coli K-12 of Peptide Ib-AMP4 with Synthetic Analogues. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Beyth N, Kesler Shvero D, Zaltsman N, Houri-Haddad Y, Abramovitz I, Davidi MP, Weiss EI. Rapid kill-novel endodontic sealer and Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78586. [PMID: 24223159 PMCID: PMC3819367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With growing concern over bacterial resistance, the identification of new antimicrobial means is paramount. In the oral cavity microorganisms are essential to the development of periradicular diseases and are the major causative factors associated with endodontic treatment failure. As quaternary ammonium compounds have the ability to kill a wide array of bacteria through electrostatic interactions with multiple anionic targets on the bacterial surface, it is likely that they can overcome bacterial resistance. Melding these ideas, we investigated the potency of a novel endodontic sealer in limiting Enterococcus faecalis growth. We used a polyethyleneimine scaffold to synthesize nano-sized particles, optimized for incorporation into an epoxy-based endodontic sealer. The novel endodontic sealer was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy and evaluated for biocompatibility and physical eligibility. Our results show that the novel sealer foundation affixes the nanoparticles, achieving surface bactericidal properties, but at the same time impeding nanoparticle penetration into eukaryotic cells and thereby mitigating a possible toxic effect. Moreover, adequate physical properties are maintained. The nanosized quaternary amine particles interact within minutes with bacteria, triggering cell death across wide pH values. Throughout this study we demonstrate a new antibacterial perspective for endodontic sealers; a novel antibacterial, effective and safe antimicrobial means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Beyth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Dana Kesler Shvero
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathan Zaltsman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itzhak Abramovitz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael Perez Davidi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ervin I. Weiss
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, de Melo Carrasco LD. Cationic antimicrobial polymers and their assemblies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9906-46. [PMID: 23665898 PMCID: PMC3676821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic compounds are promising candidates for development of antimicrobial agents. Positive charges attached to surfaces, particles, polymers, peptides or bilayers have been used as antimicrobial agents by themselves or in sophisticated formulations. The main positively charged moieties in these natural or synthetic structures are quaternary ammonium groups, resulting in quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The advantage of amphiphilic cationic polymers when compared to small amphiphilic molecules is their enhanced microbicidal activity. Besides, many of these polymeric structures also show low toxicity to human cells; a major requirement for biomedical applications. Determination of the specific elements in polymers, which affect their antimicrobial activity, has been previously difficult due to broad molecular weight distributions and random sequences characteristic of radical polymerization. With the advances in polymerization control, selection of well defined polymers and structures are allowing greater insight into their structure-antimicrobial activity relationship. On the other hand, antimicrobial polymers grafted or self-assembled to inert or non inert vehicles can yield hybrid antimicrobial nanostructures or films, which can act as antimicrobials by themselves or deliver bioactive molecules for a variety of applications, such as wound dressing, photodynamic antimicrobial therapy, food packing and preservation and antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077-05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Letícia Dias de Melo Carrasco
- Biocolloids Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077-05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Date T, Matsuoka Y, Sakamoto N, Serizawa T. Unique Adsorption Behavior of Antimicrobial Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride) onto Solid-supported Lipid Films. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Date
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yosuke Matsuoka
- Tsukuba Corporate Research Laboratory Section II, Life Science Products Division, NOF Corporation
| | - Nobuyuki Sakamoto
- Tsukuba Corporate Research Laboratory Section II, Life Science Products Division, NOF Corporation
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Poly(butylene adipate) functionalized with quaternary phosphonium groups as potential antimicrobial packaging material. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Mattheis C, Zheng M, Agarwal S. Closing One of the Last Gaps in Polyionene Compositions: Alkyloxyethylammonium Ionenes as Fast-Acting Biocides. Macromol Biosci 2011; 12:341-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Timofeeva L, Kleshcheva N. Antimicrobial polymers: mechanism of action, factors of activity, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:475-92. [PMID: 20953604 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex epidemiological situation, nosocomial infections, microbial contamination, and infection risks in hospital and dental equipment have led to an ever-growing need for prevention of microbial infection in these various areas. Macromolecular systems, due to their properties, allow one to efficiently use them in various fields, including the creation of polymers with the antimicrobial activity. In the past decade, the intensive development of a large class of antimicrobial macromolecular systems, polymers, and copolymers, either quaternized or functionalized with bioactive groups, has been continued, and they have been successfully used as biocides. Various permanent microbicidal surfaces with non-leaching polymer antimicrobial coatings have been designed. Along with these trends, new moderately hydrophobic polymer structures have been synthesized and studied, which contain protonated primary or secondary/tertiary amine groups that exhibited rather high antimicrobial activity, often unlike their quaternary analogues. This mini-review briefly highlights and summarizes the results of studies during the past decade and especially in recent years, which concern the mechanism of action of different antimicrobial polymers and non-leaching microbicidal surfaces, and factors influencing their activity and toxicity, as well as major applications of antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Timofeeva
- A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Davydov DA, Rakhnyanskaya AA, Orlov VN, Bychkova AV, Kovarskii AL, Yaroslavov AA. Complexes of anionic liposomes and a cationic polymer: Composition, structure, and characteristics. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10070035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Yaroslavov AA, Sitnikova TA, Rakhnyanskaya AA, Yaroslavova EG, Davydov DA, Burova TV, Grinberg VY, Shi L, Menger FM. Biomembrane sensitivity to structural changes in bound polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1666-7. [PMID: 19152326 DOI: 10.1021/ja808461s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anionic liposomes containing a 4:1 molar ratio of neutral to anionic phospholipids were treated with an excess of five zwitterionic polymers differing only in the spacer length separating their cationic and anionic moieties. Although the polymers do not disrupt the structural integrity of the liposomes, they can induce spacer-dependent molecular rearrangements within the liposomes. Thus, the following were observed: spacer length = 1, no binding to the liposomes; spacer length = 2, adsorption to the liposomes, but no molecular rearrangement; spacer length = 3, lateral lipid segregation but little or no flip-flop; spacer length = 4 or 5, lateral lipid segregation and flip-flop. These diverse behaviors are relevant to the use of biomedical formulations where polyelectrolytes play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, RF
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Polyelectrolyte-coated liposomes: stabilization of the interfacial complexes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 142:43-52. [PMID: 18571615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anionic liposomes, composed of egg lecithin (EL) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with 20 mol% of cardiolipin (CL(2-)), were mixed with cationic polymers, poly(4-vinylpyridine) fully quaternized with ethyl bromide (P2) or poly-L-lysine (PL). Polymer/liposome binding studies were carried out using electrophoretic mobility (EPM), fluorescence, and conductometry as the main analytical tools. Binding was also examined in the presence of added salt and polyacrylic acid (PAA). The following generalizations arose from the experiments: (a) Binding of P2 and PL to small EL/CL(2-) liposomes (60-80 nm in diameter) is electrostatic in nature and completely reversed by addition of salt or PAA. (b) Binding can be enhanced by hydrophobization of the polymer with cetyl groups. (c) Binding can also be enhanced by changing the phase state of the lipid bilayer from liquid to solid (i.e. going from EL to DPPC) or by increasing the size of the liposomes (i.e. going from 60-80 to 300 nm). By far the most promising systems, from the point of view of constructing polyelectrolyte multilayers on liposome cores without disruption of liposome integrity, involve small, liquid, anionic liposomes coated initially with polycations carrying pendant alkyl groups.
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Moorman MA, Thelemann CA, Zhou S, Pestka JJ, Linz JE, Ryser ET. Altered hydrophobicity and membrane composition in stress-adapted Listeria innocua. J Food Prot 2008; 71:182-5. [PMID: 18236681 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of Listeria innocua to acid and starvation stress decreases sensitivity to the quaternary ammonium compound cetrimide, whereas exposure to cold and heat stress increases sensitivity to this compound. Changes in membrane lipids occur in response to certain types of stress, and these changes likely impact cell sensitivity to chemical sanitizers. The present study included an assessment of the effects of acid, starvation, cold, and heat stress on net cell hydrophobicity and fatty acid composition in L. innocua. Net cell hydrophobicity was determined by measuring absorbance of stress-adapted cell suspensions after partitioning with the nonpolar solvent n-hexadecane. Free fatty acids extracted from stress-adapted suspensions were analyzed by gas chromatography. Adaptation to acid and starvation increased net cell hydrophobicity and decreased membrane fluidity, which was correlated with reductions in anteiso fatty acids and in ratios of anteiso to iso fatty acids. Conversely, cold-stressed populations exhibited decreased net cell hydrophobicity and increased membrane fluidity with a corresponding increase in C15:C17 and anteiso:iso ratios and in C18 unsaturated fatty acids. No significant changes in net cell hydrophobicity or membrane fluidity were observed in heat-stressed cells, which exhibited increased sensitivity to cetrimide, suggesting another mechanism for altered cell sensitivity. These findings indicate that the efficacy of cetrimide against Listeria is partially dependent on the physiological state of the organism following exposure to various environmental stresses.
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Yaroslavov AA, Sitnikova TA, Rakhnyanskaya AA, Ermakov YA, Burova TV, Grinberg VY, Menger FM. Contrasting behavior of zwitterionic and cationic polymers bound to anionic liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7539-44. [PMID: 17550275 DOI: 10.1021/la700637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers were prepared by quaternizing polyvinylpyridine (DP = 1100) with bromoacids (Br(CH2)nCOOH, where n = 1, 2, 3, and 5). The resulting polymers were then added to unilamellar liposomes composed of egg lecithin or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine admixed with 20 mol % of cardiolipin (a phospholipid with two negative charges). These systems were compared (along with polyethylvinylpyridinium chloride, a polycation) by light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, fluorescence, and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The external zwitterionic polymers induce no flip-flop of cardiolipin from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet as does the polycation. Aside from this similarity, the four zwitterionic polymers all behave differently from each other toward the anionic liposomes: (a) For n = 1, there is no detectable interaction between the polymer and the liposomes. (b) For n = 2, electrostatic attraction induces polymer-liposome association (reversed by the addition of NaCl) that maintains the original negative charge on the liposome. Aggregation of the liposomes accompanies polymer adsorption. (c) For n = 3, electrostatic binding also occurs along with aggregation. However, the binding is so strong that NaCl is unable to induce polymer/liposome dissociation. (d) For n = 5, there is polymer binding and NaCl-promoted dissociation but no substantial aggregation. These differences among the closely related polymers are discussed and analyzed in molecular terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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28
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Krishnan S, Ward RJ, Hexemer A, Sohn KE, Lee KL, Angert ER, Fischer DA, Kramer EJ, Ober CK. Surfaces of fluorinated pyridinium block copolymers with enhanced antibacterial activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:11255-66. [PMID: 17154613 DOI: 10.1021/la061384v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymers were quaternized with 1-bromohexane and 6-perfluorooctyl-1-bromohexane. Surfaces prepared from these polymers were characterized by contact angle measurements, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fluorinated pyridinium surfaces showed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to their nonfluorinated counterparts. Even a polymer with a relatively low molecular weight pyridinium block showed high antimicrobial activity. The bactericidal effect was found to be related to the molecular composition and organization in the top 2-3 nm of the surface and increased with increasing hydrophilicity and pyridinium concentration of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaraman Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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29
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Melik-Nubarov N, Krylova O. The Control of Membrane Properties by Synthetic Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(05)02005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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30
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Yaroslavov AA, Kuchenkova OY, Okuneva IB, Melik-Nubarov NS, Kozlova NO, Lobyshev VI, Menger FM, Kabanov VA. Effect of polylysine on transformations and permeability of negative vesicular membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1611:44-54. [PMID: 12659944 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small (40-60 nm in diameter) and large (300-350 nm) negative vesicles were complexed with a cationic polypeptide, poly-L-lysine (PL). Laser microelectrophoresis experiments showed that in small vesicles rendered anionic with the addition of cardiolipin (CL(2-)), only the CL(2-) in the outer leaflet is involved in the complexation with PL. Calorimetric and other data demonstrate that the binding of PL to the membrane surface causes domains ("rafts") of CL(2-) to form in the outer leaflet, and it is these domains that electrostatically bind the polymer. The kinetics of transmembrane permeation of doxorubicin (Dox, a fluorescent anti-tumor drug) was monitored with and without PL binding to the outer surface of the vesicles. It was found that PL mediates the permeation of Dox into the vesicle interior. In the absence of PL, the Dox molecule (possessing an amino group of pK(a)=8.6) binds to the anionic vesicles in the protonated form and, consequently, suffers an impaired mobility through the membrane. On the other hand, when the PL covers the vesicle surface, Dox passes though the membrane with greater ease. The effects of salt and polyanion on the stability of PL-vesicle complexes and the PL-mediated Dox permeation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Yaroslavov
- School of Chemistry, M V Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation.
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31
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Kozlova NO, Bruskovskaya IB, Okuneva IB, Melik-Nubarov NS, Yaroslavov AA, Kabanov VA, Menger FM. Interaction of a cationic polymer with negatively charged proteoliposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1514:139-51. [PMID: 11513811 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoliposomes were prepared by making bilayer vesicles from neutral egg yolk lecithin and negatively charged alpha-chymotrypsin that had been previously stearoylated. Interaction of these proteoliposomes with a cationic polymer, poly-(N-ethyl-4-vinylpryidinium bromide) (PEVP) was examined. For comparison purposes, interaction of PEVP with egg lecithin vesicles containing an anionic phospholipid, cardiolipin, was also examined. Binding of PEVP to both types of vesicles was electrostatic in nature with the polymer manifesting a higher affinity to the cardiolipin relative to the enzyme. PEVP had no effect on the permeability of the bilayer membranes to sodium chloride. On the other hand, PEVP increased the transmembrane permeability of the nonionic anti-tumor drug, doxorubicin. The greater the negatively charged component in the membrane, the greater the PEVP effect. Polycation binding to the vesicles was accompanied by clustering of the stearoylated chymotrypsin (sCT) molecules within the membrane. This protein clustering is most likely responsible for the increase in the doxorubicin permeation. Enzymatic activity of the membrane-associated sCT remained unchanged upon PEVP binding. These findings seem relevant to the effects of polyelectrolytes on cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Kozlova
- Polymer Department, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Russia
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32
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Modulation of interaction of polycations with negative unilamellar lipid vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(99)00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Raudino A, Castelli F. Polyelectrolyte−Multicomponent Lipid Bilayer Interactions. Unusual Effects on Going from the Dilute to the Semidilute Regime. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960904y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Raudino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universitá di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6-95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universitá di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6-95125, Catania, Italy
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Lehtonen JY, Holopainen JM, Kinnunen PK. Evidence for the formation of microdomains in liquid crystalline large unilamellar vesicles caused by hydrophobic mismatch of the constituent phospholipids. Biophys J 1996; 70:1753-60. [PMID: 8785334 PMCID: PMC1225144 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The excimer-to-monomer fluorescence emission intensity ratio (IE/IM) of the fluorescent probe 1-palmitoyl-2-[(pyren-1-yl)]decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PPDPC, 1 mol%) was measured at 30 degrees C as a function of the thickness of fluid liposomal membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with homologous monounsaturated acyl chains of varying lengths N (= number of carbon atoms). Upon decreasing N from di-24:1 PC to di-14:1 PC, the rate of excimer formation was sigmoidally augmented from 0.02 to 0.06. This increase in IE/IM can arise either from enhanced lateral mobility or from the lateral enrichment of PPDPC into domains, or both. Direct evidence for partial lateral segregation of PPDPC being involved is provided by experiments where 1.6 mol% of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamino-N- (5-fluoresceinthiocarbamoyl) (DPPF) was included together with PPDPC into the bilayers. Notably, because of spectral overlap DPPF can function as a resonance energy transfer acceptor for pyrene excimer. Fluorescence intensity ratio (F/Fo) measured at 480 nm for PPDPC/DPPF (yielding F) and PPDPC (yielding Fo) containing membranes as a function of N reveals a sharp maximum for di-20:1 PC, i.e., the quenching of pyrene excimer fluorescence by DPPF is least efficient in this lipid and is enhanced upon either decrease or increase in N. This is compatible with colocalization of DPPF in PPDPC enriched domains when N not equal to 20, whereas in di-20:1 PC these probes appear to be effectively dispersed. The driving force for the enrichment of PPDPC in thin (N < 20) and thick (N > 20) PC matrices is likely to be hydrophobic mismatch of the effective lengths of the matrix phospholipids and the fluorescent probes. We also measured fluorescence polarization (P) for 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as well as the IE/IM for the intramolecular excimer forming probe 1,2-bis[(pyren-1-yl)]decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (bisPDPC) as a function of N. In brief, neither the fluorescence polarization data and nor the measurements of intramolecular chain dynamics using bisPDPC concur with enhanced lateral diffusion as the sole cause for the increase in the IE/IM for PPDPC in thin membranes. Our findings suggest hydrophobic mismatch as the cause of microdomain formation of lipids in fluid, liquid crystalline bilayers, while simultaneously allowing for a high rates of lateral diffusion. Such hydrophobic mismatch-induced compositional fluctuations would also offer one plausible explanation for the chain length diversity observed for biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lehtonen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
The physical concepts underlying the lateral distribution of the components forming a lamellar assembly of amphiphiles are discussed in this review. The role of amphiphiles' molecular structure and/or aqueous environment (ionic strength, water soluble substances) on formation and stability of lateral patterns is investigated. A considerable effort is devoted to the analysis of the properties of patterned structure which can be different from those of randomly mixed multi-component lamellae. Examples include adhesion and fusion among laterally inhomogeneous bilayers, enhanced interfacial adsorption of ions and polymers, enhanced transport across the bilayer, modified mechanical properties, local stabilization of non-planar geometries (pores, edges) and related phenomena (electroporation, budding transition and so on). Furthermore, an analysis of chemical reactivity within or at the water interface of a laterally inhomogeneous bilayer is briefly discussed. A link between these concepts and experimental findings taken from the biological literature is attempted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raudino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Italy
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Lehtonen JY, Kinnunen PK. Poly(ethylene glycol)-induced and temperature-dependent phase separation in fluid binary phospholipid membranes. Biophys J 1995; 68:525-35. [PMID: 7696506 PMCID: PMC1281717 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exclusion of the strongly hygroscopic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), from the surface of phosphatidylcholine liposomes results in an osmotic imbalance between the hydration layer of the liposome surface and the bulk polymer solution, thus causing a partial dehydration of the phospholipid polar headgroups. PEG (average molecular weight of 6000 and in concentrations ranging from 5 to 20%, w/w) was added to the outside of large unilamellar liposomes (LUVs). This leads to, in addition to the dehydration of the outer monolayer, an osmotically driven water outflow and shrinkage of liposomes. Under these conditions phase separation of the fluorescent lipid 1-palmitoyl-2[6-(pyren-1-yl)]decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PPDPC) embedded in various phosphatidylcholine matrices was observed, evident as an increase in the excimer-to-monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (IE/IM). Enhanced segregation of the fluorescent lipid was seen upon increasing and equal concentrations of PEG both inside and outside of the LUVs, revealing that osmotic gradient across the membrane is not required, and phase separation results from the dehydration of the lipid. Importantly, phase separation of PPDPC could be induced by PEG also in binary mixtures with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SOPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), for which temperature-induced phase segregation of the fluorescent lipid below Tm was otherwise not achieved. In the different lipid matrices the segregation of PPDPC caused by PEG was abolished above characteristic temperatures T0 well above their respective main phase transition temperatures Tm. For 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DMPC, SOPC, and POPC, T0 was observed at approximately 50, 32, 24, and 20 degrees C, respectively. Notably, the observed phase separation of PPDPC cannot be accounted for the 1 degree C increase in Tm for DMPC or for the increase by 0.5 degrees C for DPPC observed in the presence of 20% (w/w) PEG. At a given PEG concentration maximal increase in IE/IM (correlating to the extent of segregation of PPDPC in the different lipid matrices) decreased in the sequence 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) > DPPC > DMPC > SOPC > POPC, whereas no evidence for phase separation in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) LUV was observed (Lehtonen and Kinnunen, 1994, Biophys. J. 66: 1981-1990). Our results indicate that PEG-induced dehydration of liposomal membranes provides the driving force for the segregation of the pyrene lipid. In brief, phase separation of PPDPC from the matrix lipid could be attributed to the diminishing effective size of the phosphatidylcholine polar headgroup resulting from its partial dehydration by PEG. This in turn would allow for enhanced van der Waals interactions between the acyl chains of the matrix lipid, which then caused the exclusion of PPDPC due to the perturbing bulky pyrene moiety. Phase separation in DMPC/PPDPC liposomes was abolished by the inclusion of 25 mol % cholesterol and to a lesser extent by epicholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lehtonen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Kinnunen PK, Kõiv A, Lehtonen JY, Rytömaa M, Mustonen P. Lipid dynamics and peripheral interactions of proteins with membrane surfaces. Chem Phys Lipids 1994; 73:181-207. [PMID: 8001181 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(94)90181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence strongly indicates biomembranes to be organized into compositionally and functionally specialized domains, supramolecular assemblies, existing on different time and length scales. For these domains and intimate coupling between their chemical composition, physical state, organization, and functions has been postulated. One important constituent of biomembranes are peripheral proteins whose activity can be controlled by non-covalent binding to lipids. Importantly, the physical chemistry of the lipid interface allows for a rapid and reversible control of peripheral interactions. In this review examples are provided on how membrane lipid (i) composition (i.e., specific lipid structures), (ii) organization, and (iii) physical state can each regulate peripheral binding of proteins to the lipid surface. In addition, a novel and efficient mechanism for the control of the lipid surface association of peripheral proteins by [Ca2+], lipid composition, and phase state is proposed. The phase state is, in turn, also dependent on factors such as temperature, lateral packing, presence of ions, metabolites and drugs. Confining reactions to interfaces allows for facile and cooperative large scale integration and control of metabolic pathways due to mechanisms which are not possible in bulk systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Kinnunen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Shin YK, Budil DE, Freed JH. Thermodynamics and dynamics of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol mixed model membranes in the liquid crystalline state: effects of water. Biophys J 1993; 65:1283-94. [PMID: 8241408 PMCID: PMC1225848 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for obtaining the thermodynamic activity of each membrane component in phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesterol mixtures, that is based upon ESR spin labeling is examined. The thermodynamic activity coefficients, gamma PC and gamma chol, for the PC and cholesterol, respectively, are obtained from the measured orientational order parameters, SPC and S(chol), as a function of cholesterol content for a spin-labeled PC and the sterol-type cholestane spin probe (CSL), respectively, and the effects of water concentration are also considered. At water content of 24 weight%, the thermodynamics of DMPC/cholesterol/water mixtures in the liquid-crystalline state may be treated as a two-component solution ignoring the water, but at lower water content the role of water is important, especially at lower cholesterol concentrations. At lower water content (17 wt%), gamma chol decreases with increasing cholesterol content which implies aggregation. However, at higher water content (24 wt%), gamma chol is found initially to increase as a function of cholesterol content before decreasing at higher cholesterol content. This implies a favorable accommodation for the cholesterol in the membrane at high water and low cholesterol content. Good thermodynamic consistency according to the Gibbs-Duhem equation was obtained for gamma PC and gamma chol at 24 wt% water. The availability of gamma chol (and gamma PC) as a function of cholesterol concentration permits the estimate of the boundary for phase separation. The rotational diffusion coefficients of the labeled PC and of CSL were also obtained from the ESR spectra. A previously proposed universal relation for the perpendicular component of the rotational diffusion tensor, R perpendicular, for CSL in PC/cholesterol mixtures (i.e., R perpendicular = R0 perpendicular exp(-AS2chol/RT)) is confirmed. A change in composition of cholesterol or of water for DMPC/cholesterol/water mixtures affects R perpendicular only through the dependence of S(chol) on the composition. In particular, the amount of water affects the membrane fluidity, monitored by R perpendicular for CSL, solely by the structural changes it induces in the membrane for the compositions studied. Rotational diffusion for the labeled PC is found to be more complex, most likely due to the combined action of the internal modes of motion of the flexible chain and of the overall molecular reorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Shin
- Baker Laboratory of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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