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Rizzo A, Sciorsci RL. Role of homocysteine metabolism in animal reproduction: A review. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:29-35. [PMID: 30448392 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a thiol-containing essential amino acid, important for the growth of cells and tissues. Several hypotheses exist regarding Hcy toxicity in humans; Hcy is involved in protein structural modifications, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity induction and is therefore associated with several pathological conditions in humans. In veterinary science, knowledge regarding Hcy has increased recently due to several studies; however, many aspects remain undiscovered. Many details remain unknown regarding the effect of Hcy levels on pregnancy and the optimal management of pathological conditions associated with Hcy levels during pregnancy in various species. In this review, we aimed to compile various studies on Hcy metabolism to elucidate its current status in the veterinary field, particularly for ovine, bovine, equine, porcine, canine, and feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Obstetric Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - R L Sciorsci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Obstetric Clinic, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
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2
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Sadeghnejad A, Lu L, Kiely CJ, Berger BW, McIntosh S. Single enzyme direct biomineralization of ZnS, ZnxCd1−xS and ZnxCd1−xS–ZnS quantum confined nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnS, ZnxCd1−xS, and ZnxCd1−xS–ZnS quantum dots were synthesized in the aqueous phase at room temperature via biomineralization enabled by a single enzyme in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Bryan W. Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
- Program in Bioengineering
| | - Steven McIntosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Lehigh University
- Bethlehem
- USA
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Yang Z, Lu L, Kiely CJ, Berger BW, McIntosh S. Biomineralized CdS Quantum Dot Nanocrystals: Optimizing Synthesis Conditions and Improving Functional Properties by Surface Modification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, and §Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, and §Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Christopher J. Kiely
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, and §Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Bryan W. Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, and §Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Steven McIntosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, and §Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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4
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Pan F, Pai SH. Dietary Vitamin B6and Enzymes of Methionine Metabolism in Rat Liver. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.197000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dongó E, Hornyák I, Benkő Z, Kiss L. The cardioprotective potential of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 98:369-81. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.98.2011.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Caliendo G, Cirino G, Santagada V, Wallace JL. Synthesis and biological effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S): development of H2S-releasing drugs as pharmaceuticals. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6275-86. [PMID: 20462257 DOI: 10.1021/jm901638j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caliendo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Finkelstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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9
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Abstract
Building on the work of Martinov et al. (2000), a mathematical model is developed for the methionine cycle. A large amount of information is available about the enzymes that catalyse individual reaction steps in the cycle, from methionine to S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine to homocysteine, and the removal of mass from the cycle by the conversion of homocysteine to cystathionine. Nevertheless, the behavior of the cycle is very complicated since many substrates alter the activities of the enzymes in the reactions that produce them, and some can also alter the activities of other enzymes in the cycle. The model consists of four differential equations, based on known reaction kinetics, that can be solved to give the time course of the concentrations of the four main substrates in the cycle under various circumstances. We show that the behavior of the model in response to genetic abnormalities and dietary deficiencies is similar to the changes seen in a wide variety of experimental studies. We conduct computational "experiments" that give understanding of the regulatory behavior of the methionine cycle under normal conditions and the behavior in the presence of genetic variation and dietary deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Reed
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Guay F, Jacques Matte J, Girard CL, Palin MF, Giguère A, Laforest JP. Effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements on folate and homocysteine metabolism in pigs during early pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2002; 88:253-63. [PMID: 12207835 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment aimed to determine the effects of supplements of folic acid (FA) alone or in combination with vitamin B12 on folate and homocysteine metabolism in gestating nulliparous Yorkshire-Landrace (YL) and multiparous Landrace (LD) occidental sows and multiparous Chinese Meishan-Landrace (ML) sows. LD sows were randomly assigned to two treatments: 0 or 15 mg FA/kg diet while YL and ML sows were assigned to three treatments: 0 mg FA/kg diet, 15 mg FA/kg or 15 mg vitamin B12/kg diet. Supplements were given from the oestrus preceding insemination up to slaughter on day 15 of gestation. At slaughter, a uterine flush was collected to determine uterine contents of homocysteine, methionine, tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-methyl-THF, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) and vitamin B12. Blood samples were taken at first oestrus, at insemination and on days 5, 10 and 15 of gestation to determine plasma concentrations of homocysteine, methionine, THF, 5-methyl-THF, P5P, vitamin B12 and relative total folate-binding capacity. In occidental sows (YL and LD), the FA supplement tended to decrease uterine flush content of homocysteine (P=0.06) and concentrations of plasma homocysteine (P=0.09). Nulliparous YL sows had lower concentrations of plasma homocysteine, methionine, THF and 5-methyl-THF (P<0.05) than multiparous LD sows. Multiparous ML and LD sows had similar concentrations of plasma THF, 5-methyl-THF, methionine and vitamin B12, but ML sows had lower concentrations of plasma homocysteine (P<0.05). The vitamin B12 supplement increased concentrations of plasma vitamin B12 (P<0.05) both in multiparous ML and nulliparous YL sows, but had no effect on the composition of either uterine flush or plasma. The present results showed also that sows had a low vitamin B12 status (<200 pg/ml) and high circulating homocysteine levels (>15 microm) during the first 15 d of gestation. Furthermore, the vitamin B12 content in uterine secretions represented between 180 and 300 % of the total content in plasma. The low plasma concentrations of homocysteine in multiparous ML sows suggest a more efficient remethylation pathway which may not be dependent upon dietary supply of FA or vitamin B12. In nulliparous YL sows, low concentrations of both homocysteine and methionine suggest that the methionine requirement for protein deposition might have reduced the amount of methionine available for the methylation pathway. The results of the present experiment suggest that the reduction of uterine homocysteine may be an important aspect of the role of FA supplement on the uterine environment in occidental sows. The presence of high levels of vitamin B12 in uterine secretions merits further investigation in relation to embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guay
- Department of Animal Sciences and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Snell K. Enzymes of serine metabolism in normal, developing and neoplastic rat tissues. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1984; 22:325-400. [PMID: 6089514 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(84)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular pattern of serine metabolism was conceptualized into four main areas of metabolic sequences: the biosynthesis of serine from intermediates of the glycolytic pathway (the so-called "phosphorylated pathway"); and alternative pathways of serine utilization initiated by serine dehydratase, serine aminotransferase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The known regulatory and adaptive properties of the enzymes involved in these pathways were reviewed in detail and key enzymes associated with each pathway (phosphoserine aminotransferase, serine dehydratase, serine aminotransferase, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase, respectively) were selected for further investigation. Tissue distribution studies in the rat revealed that whereas serine dehydratase and serine aminotransferase activities were largely confined to the liver, phosphoserine aminotransferase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities were more broadly distributed. In particular in tissues with a high rate of cell turnover, phosphoserine aminotransferase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities were coordinately increased. An increase in serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity coincided temporally with the incorporation of [3-14C]serine and thymidine into DNA in normal human lymphocytes during proliferation after mitogenic stimulation by phytohemagglutinin. The evidence suggested a primarily gluconeogenic role for serine dehydratase and serine aminotransferase. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase has a role in providing glycine and one-carbon folate co-factors as precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis and in some situations serves to metabolically couple the pathway of serine biosynthesis to utilization for de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Multiple enzymic forms were distinguished for serine dehydratase, serine aminotransferase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. For serine dehydratase the two cytosolic multiple forms had no apparent functional significance; the multiple forms were catalytically unmodified by conditions promoting phosphorylation-dephosphorylation in vitro. The mitochondrial form of serine aminotransferase showed adaptive responses in gluconeogenic situations, and the hypothesis was proposed that the mitochondrial isoenzyme of serine hydroxymethyltransferase is associated together with serine aminotransferase in a pathway for gluconeogenesis from protein-derived amino acids such as glycine and hydroxyproline. The adaptive behaviour of the enzymes during the neonatal development of rat liver revealed that serine aminotransferase reached a peak in the mid-suckling period at a time when gluconeogenesis is known to be increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Stipanuk MH, Beck PW. Characterization of the enzymic capacity for cysteine desulphhydration in liver and kidney of the rat. Biochem J 1982; 206:267-77. [PMID: 7150244 PMCID: PMC1158582 DOI: 10.1042/bj2060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of cystathionine gamma-lyase, cystathionine beta-synthase and cysteine aminotransferase coupled to 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase to cysteine desulphhydration in rat liver and kidney was assessed with four different assay systems. Cystathionine gamma-lyase and cystathionine beta-synthase were active when homogenates were incubated with 280 mM-L-cysteine and 3 mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH 7.8. Cysteine aminotransferase in combination with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase catalysed essentially all of the H2S production from cysteine at pH 9.7 with 160 mM-L-cysteine, 2 mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 3 mM-2-oxoglutarate and 3 mM-dithiothreitol. At more-physiological concentrations of cysteine (2 mM) cystathionine gamma-lyase and cystathionine beta-synthase both appeared to be active in cysteine desulphhydration, whereas the aminotransferase pathway did not. The effect of inhibition of cystathionine gamma-lyase by a suicide inactivator, propargylglycine, in the intact rat was also investigated; there was no significant effect of propargylglycine administration on the urinary excretion of total 35S, 35SO4(2-) or [35S]taurine formed from labelled dietary cysteine.
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Shinbo H. Purification and properties of cystathionine synthetase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(82)90027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Tudball N, Reed MA. Purification and properties of cystathionine synthase from human liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 67:550-5. [PMID: 1201041 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Finkelstein JD, Kyle WE, Harris BJ. Methionine metabolism in mammals: regulatory effects of S-adenosylhomocysteine. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 165:774-9. [PMID: 4441103 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kim YJ, Rosenberg LE. On the mechanism of pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria. II. Properties of normal and mutant cystathionine beta-synthase from cultured fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4821-5. [PMID: 4531018 PMCID: PMC433989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystathionine beta-synthase [L-serine hydrolyase (adding homocysteine), EC 4.2.1.22] was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from two control subjects and three patients with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. In crude cell sonicates, cystathionine synthase activity detected in each mutant line was less than 5% of control values. After differential centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and calcium phosphate gel treatment, the specific activity of synthase from control lines increased 5- to 7-fold with 70-79% yield. These same steps led to only 2- to 3-fold purification of mutant synthase and a reduced yield (26-44%). Michaelis-Menten analyses with the partially purified enzyme revealed that each mutant synthase had a marked reduction in affinity for its coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, as well as reduced affinity and maximum velocity for both co-substrates, L-homocysteine and L-serine. Even at saturating concentrations of coenzyme, mutant synthase activity was less than 3% of control. Mutant synthase was also far more thermolabile than control enzyme. In the absence of added coenzyme, heating for 10 min at 55 degrees led to complete loss of mutant activity whereas control activity was reduced by 60%. Significantly, addition of saturating concentration of coenzyme prior to heating increased thermostability of both control and mutant synthase, the fractional increase being considerably greater in the mutants. We conclude that these patients suffer from a mutation of the synthase apoenzyme which impairs coenzyme binding, and that this primary abnormality results in reduced total enzyme activity in two ways: by reducing holoenzyme formation; and by accelerating apoenzyme degradation. We propose that pharmacologic amounts of pyridoxine increase holoenzyme formation modestly, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and slowing apoenzyme turnover.
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Hoshino J, Simon D, Kröger H. Identification of one of the L-serine dehydratase isoenzymes from rat liver as L-homoserine dehydratase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 44:872-8. [PMID: 5125230 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Braunstein AE, Goryachenkova EV, Tolosa EA, Willhardt IH, Yefremova LL. Specificity and some other properties of liver serine sulphhydrase: evidence for its identity with cystathionine -synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 242:247-60. [PMID: 5121611 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(71)90105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kashiwamata S. Brain cystathionine synthase: vitamin-B6 requirement for its enzymic reaction and changes in enzymic activity during early development of rats. Brain Res 1971; 30:185-92. [PMID: 5092625 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tallan HH, Pascal TA, Schneidman K, Gillam BM, Gaull GE. Homolanthionine synthesis by human liver cystathionase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 43:303-10. [PMID: 5577445 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Brown FC, Gordon PH. A study of L-(14C)cystathionine metabolism in the brain, kidney, and liver of pyridoxine-deficient rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 230:434-45. [PMID: 5581276 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kashiwamata S, Greenberg DM. Studies on cystathionine synthase of rat liver. Properties of the highly purified enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 212:488-500. [PMID: 5456996 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kashiwamata S, Kotake Y, Greenberg DM. Studies of cystathionine synthase of rat liver: dissociation into two components by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc electrophoresis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 212:501-3. [PMID: 5466144 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(70)90256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
Cystathionase activity is not measurable in the livers of 24 human fetuses and 3 premature infants, and the concentration of cystathionine in the liver is higher than that of the brain. The placenta does not subserve the trans-sulfuration function. Cystine (or cysteine) thus may be an essential amino acid in the immature human.
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Sturman JA, Rassin DK, Gaull GE. Relation of three enzymes of transsulphuration to the concentration of cystathionine in various regions of monkey brain. J Neurochem 1970; 17:1117-9. [PMID: 4987664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb02268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sturman JA, Cohen PA, Gaull GE. Effects of deficiency of vitamin B6 on transsulfuration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(69)90023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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