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Chakraborty S, Singhmar S, Singh D, Maulik M, Patil R, Agrawal SK, Mishra A, Ghazi M, Vats A, Natarajan VT, Juvekar S, Prasher B, Mukerji M. Baseline cell proliferation rates and response to UV differ in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from healthy individuals of extreme constitution types. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:903-913. [PMID: 33870855 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1909884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in human phenotypes and susceptibility to complex diseases are an outcome of genetic and environmental interactions. This is evident in diseases that progress through a common set of intermediate patho-endophenotypes. Precision medicine aims to delineate molecular players for individualized and early interventions. Functional studies of lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) model of phenotypically well-characterized healthy individuals can help deconvolute and validate these molecular mechanisms. In this study, LCLs are developed from eight healthy individuals belonging to three extreme constitution types, deep phenotyped on the basis of Ayurveda. LCLs were characterized by karyotyping and immunophenotyping. Growth characteristics and response to UV were studied in these LCLs. Significant differences in cell proliferation rates were observed between the contrasting groups such that one type (Kapha) proliferates significantly slower than the other two (Vata, Pitta). In response to UV, one of the fast growing groups (Vata) shows higher cell death but recovers its numbers due to an inherent higher rates of proliferation. This study reveals that baseline differences in cell proliferation could be a key to understanding the survivability of cells under UV stress. Variability in baseline cellular phenotypes not only explains the cellular basis of different constitution types but can also help set priors during the design of an individualized therapy with DNA damaging agents. This is the first study of its kind that shows variability of intermediate patho-phenotypes among healthy individuals with potential implications in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Chakraborty
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunanda Singhmar
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dayanidhi Singh
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mahua Maulik
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rutuja Patil
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satyam Kumar Agrawal
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences (SPES), Baddi University of Emerging Science and Technology (BUEST), Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Madeeha Ghazi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Archana Vats
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavana Prasher
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Development of Ayurveda Prakriti and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Barik S, Mandal NC. Altered Growth and Envelope Properties of Polylysogens Containing Bacteriophage Lambda N-cI - Prophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051667. [PMID: 32121308 PMCID: PMC7084815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial virus lambda (λ) is a temperate bacteriophage that can lysogenize host Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. Lysogeny requires λ repressor, the cI gene product, which shuts off transcription of the phage genome. The λ N protein, in contrast, is a transcriptional antiterminator, required for expression of the terminator-distal genes, and thus, λ N mutants are growth-defective. When E. coli is infected with a λ double mutant that is defective in both N and cI (i.e., λN-cI-), at high multiplicities of 50 or more, it forms polylysogens that contain 20–30 copies of the λN-cI- genome integrated in the E. coli chromosome. Early studies revealed that the polylysogens underwent “conversion” to long filamentous cells that form tiny colonies on agar. Here, we report a large set of altered biochemical properties associated with this conversion, documenting an overall degeneration of the bacterial envelope. These properties reverted back to those of nonlysogenic E. coli as the metastable polylysogen spontaneously lost the λN-cI- genomes, suggesting that conversion is a direct result of the multiple copies of the prophage. Preliminary attempts to identify lambda genes that may be responsible for conversion ruled out several candidates, implicating a potentially novel lambda function that awaits further studies.
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Gibson JF, Poole RK, Hughes MN, Rees JF. Filamentous growth of Escherichia coli K12 elicited by dimeric, mixed-valence complexes of ruthenium. Arch Microbiol 1984; 139:265-71. [PMID: 6393892 DOI: 10.1007/bf00402012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dimeric, mixed-valence [(Ru(II),Ru(III)] compounds of ruthenium caused filament formation in growing cultures of Escherichia coli K12. Three compounds with the general formula Ru2(NH3)6X5 X H2O (where X is a halide) were tested; in order of decreasing effectiveness (and with the concentration giving maximum effect), these were the bromo (10(-5) M), chloro (10(-4) to 10(-5) M), and iodo (10(-3) to 10(-4) M) analogues. Filamentation elicited by the bromo and chloro compounds was spontaneously reversible after 3-4 h, and tentatively attributed to oxidation of the active mixed-valence form to inactive Ru(III) complexes. Several compounds known to accelerate division of filaments formed under other conditions were ineffective in reversing the filamentation, but the presence of 0.43 M-dimethylsulphoxide totally inhibited filamentation caused by the bromo or chloro compounds and by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (cisplatin), an established filamenting and antitumour agent. The ruthenium complexes bound to mammalian DNA, but were without effect on the UV spectrum or cellular content of DNA in E. coli, despite showing marked mutagenic activity in reverse mutation tests with Salmonella typhimurium. Cells remained sensitive to inhibition of division by the ruthenium complexes until immediately prior to the division event. Possibilities for the (probably complex) mode of action and the potential of related compounds for therapeutic use are discussed.
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Abstract
Fifteen low-temperature conditional division mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated. They grew normally at 39 degrees C but formed filaments at 30 degrees C. All exhibited a coordinated burst of cell division when the filaments were shifted to the permissive temperature (39 degrees C). None of the various agents that stimulate cell division in other mutant systems (salt, sucrose, ethanol, and chloramphenicol) was very effective in restoring colony-forming ability at 25 degrees C or in stimulating cell division in broth. One of these mutants, strain JS10, was found to have an altered cell envelope as evidenced by increased sensitivity to deoxycholate and antibiotics, as well as leakage of ribonulcease I, a periplasmic enzyme. This mutant had normal rates of DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, and phospholipid synthesis at both the nonpermissive and permissive temperatures. However, strain JS10 required new protein synthesis in the apparent absence of new RNA synthesis for division of filaments at the permissive temperature. The division of lesion in strain JS10 is cotransducible with malA, aroB, and glpD and maps within min 72 to 75 on the E. coli chromosome.
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