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Lameiras P, Nuzillard JM. Tailoring the nuclear Overhauser effect for the study of small and medium-sized molecules by solvent viscosity manipulation. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 123:1-50. [PMID: 34078536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is a consequence of cross-relaxation between nuclear spins mediated by dipolar coupling. Its sensitivity to internuclear distances has made it an increasingly important tool for the determination of through-space atom proximity relationships within molecules of sizes ranging from the smallest systems to large biopolymers. With the support of sophisticated FT-NMR techniques, the NOE plays an essential role in structure elucidation, conformational and dynamic investigations in liquid-state NMR. The efficiency of magnetization transfer by the NOE depends on the molecular rotational correlation time, whose value depends on solution viscosity. The magnitude of the NOE between 1H nuclei varies from +50% when molecular tumbling is fast to -100% when it is slow, the latter case corresponding to the spin diffusion limit. In an intermediate tumbling regime, the NOE may be vanishingly small. Increasing the viscosity of the solution increases the motional correlation time, and as a result, otherwise unobservable NOEs may be revealed and brought close to the spin diffusion limit. The goal of this review is to report the resolution of structural problems that benefited from the manipulation of the negative NOE by means of viscous solvents, including examples of molecular structure determination, conformation elucidation and mixture analysis (the ViscY method).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lameiras
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
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2
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Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial poly ionic liquid membranes with tunable performance. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Transition pathway and its free-energy profile: a protocol for protein folding simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16058-75. [PMID: 23917881 PMCID: PMC3759899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a protocol that provides a systematic definition of reaction coordinate and related free-energy profile as the function of temperature for the protein-folding simulation. First, using action-derived molecular dynamics (ADMD), we investigate the dynamic folding pathway model of a protein between a fixed extended conformation and a compact conformation. We choose the pathway model to be the reaction coordinate, and the folding and unfolding processes are characterized by the ADMD step index, in contrast to the common a priori reaction coordinate as used in conventional studies. Second, we calculate free-energy profile as the function of temperature, by employing the replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) method. The current method provides efficient exploration of conformational space and proper characterization of protein folding/unfolding dynamics from/to an arbitrary extended conformation. We demonstrate that combination of the two simulation methods, ADMD and REMD, provides understanding on molecular conformational changes in proteins. The protocol is tested on a small protein, penta-peptide of met-enkephalin. For the neuropeptide met-enkephalin system, folded, extended, and intermediate sates are well-defined through the free-energy profile over the reaction coordinate. Results are consistent with those in the literature.
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4
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Anteunis MJ, Becu C, Lala AK, Verhegge G, Narayan-Lala K. Glycyl Methylene Chemical Shift Non-Equivalence in Small Peptides. Diasteriomers of Leu-Gly-Phe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19770860305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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KESSLER HORST, HÖLZEMANN GÜNTER, ZECHEL CHRISTIAN. Peptide conformations. 33. Conformational analysis of cyclic enkephalin analogs of the type Tyr-cyclo-(-N ω -Xxx-Gly-Phe-Leu-)*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1985.tb02174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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HAN SHAWLIN, STIMSON EVELYNR, MAXFIELD FREDERICKR, SCHERAGA HAROLDA. CONFORMATIONALSTUDY OF [LEU5]-ENKEPHALIN BY LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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GARBAY-JAUREGUIBERRY C, MARION D, FELLION E, ROQUES B. Refinement of conformational preferences of Leu enkephalin and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe by 15 N n.m.r. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1982.tb03066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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9
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Akhmedov N, Tagiyev Z, Hasanov E, Akverdieva G. Theoretical conformational analysis of the bovine adrenal medulla 12 residue peptide molecule. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Watts CR, Tessmer MR, Kallick DA. Structure of Leu5-enkephalin bound to a model membrane as determined by high-resolution NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00128499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Montcalm T, Cui W, Zhao H, Guarnieri F, Wilson SR. Simulated annealing of met-enkephalin: low energy states and their relevance to membrane-bound, solution and solid-state conformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(94)80093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Graham WH, Carter ES, Hicks RP. Conformational analysis of Met-enkephalin in both aqueous solution and in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles using multidimensional NMR and molecular modeling. Biopolymers 1992; 32:1755-64. [PMID: 1472657 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360321216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proton and 13C chemical shift assignments are reported for the neuropeptide Met-enkephalin (ME) in both aqueous solution and in the presence of 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Rotating frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy was used to qualitatively describe interproton distances. These distances were then used as restraints in the distance geometry based molecular modeling program Dspace, developed by Hare Research to generate sets of conformations of ME. The resulting aqueous solution conformations of ME were determined to exhibit characteristic of an extended random-coil polypeptide with no distinguishable secondary structure. The resulting set of solution conformations of ME in the presence of 50 mM SDS exhibited characteristics of an amphiphilic type IV beta turn that are stabilized by hydrophobic aromatic-aromatic interactions between the side chains of Tyr1 and Phe4.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Graham
- Mississippi State University, Drawer CH Mississippi State 39762
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13
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Perez JJ, Villar HO, Loew GH. Characterization of low-energy conformational domains for Met-enkephalin. J Comput Aided Mol Des 1992; 6:175-90. [PMID: 1624957 DOI: 10.1007/bf00129427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An extensive exploration of the conformational hypersurface of Met-enkephalin has been carried out, in order to characterize different low-energy conformational domains accessible to this pentapeptide. The search strategy used consisted of two steps. First, systematic nested rotations were performed using the ECEPP potential. Ninety-two low-energy structures were found and minimized using the CHARMm potential. High and low-temperature molecular dynamics trajectories were then computed for the lowest energy structures in an interative fashion until no lower energy conformers could be found. The same search strategy was used in these studies simulating three different environments, a distance-dependent dielectric epsilon = r, and two constant dielectrics epsilon = 10 and epsilon = 80. The lowest energy structure found in a distance-dependent dielectric is a Gly-Gly beta-II'-type turn. All other structures found for epsilon = r within 10 kcal/mol of this lowest energy structure are also bends. In the more polar environments, the density of conformational states is significantly larger compared to the apolar media. Moreover, fewer hydrogen bonds are formed in the more polar environments, which increases the flexibility of the peptide and results in less structured conformers. Comparisons are made with previous calculations and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Perez
- Molecular Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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14
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Picone D, D'Ursi A, Motta A, Tancredi T, Temussi PA. Conformational preferences of [Leu5]enkephalin in biomimetic media. Investigation by 1H NMR. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 192:433-9. [PMID: 2209598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of [Leu5]enkephalin has been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in media more like the actual environment in which the agonist-receptor interaction takes place than water, i.e. in three cryoprotective mixtures (dimethylformamide/water, methanol/water and ethylene glycol/water), in aqueous SDS and in two neat solvents, dimethylformamide and acetonitrile, whose dielectric constants (36.7 and 37.5) are intermediate between that of water and that of the lipid phase. In all cases examined, contrary to the studies in water or dimethylsulfoxide, we were able to detect numerous nuclear Overhauser effects, indicating that the media employed favour well-defined structures and/or reduce the internal motions of the peptide. Data from both organic solvents and cryoprotective mixtures suggest a 4----1 beta turn as the most probable structure of [Leu5]enkephalin in solution, whereas in SDS/H2O micelles the structural picture appears completely different, suggesting the presence of a 5----2 beta turn. The existence of two different preferred conformations of enkephalins may possibly be related to their ability to be effective towards both mu and delta opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Picone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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15
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Aumelas A, Audousset-Puech MP, Heitz A, Bataille D, Martinez J. 1H n.m.r. conformational studies on the C-terminal octapeptide of oxyntomodulin, a beta-turn locked by a salt bridge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1989; 34:268-76. [PMID: 2599765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb01574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The octapeptide Lys-Arg-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala (Arg4 in the human sequence) is the C-terminal part of porcine oxyntomodulin, an endogeneous peptide which is a potent inhibitor of stimulated acid secretion. This octapeptide exhibits the whole range of biological activities of the parent hormone. In the present work we report an 1H n.m.r. investigation of the conformational properties of the octapeptides of pig and human sequences in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO) solution. The various resonances were assigned on the basis of two-dimensional COSY and NOESY experiments. Other experiments such as (i) temperature and concentration dependence of the amide proton chemical shifts, (ii) effects of ionic strength, (iii) comparison of the spectra with different analogues, were performed. We showed that in DMSO, the conformation of the octapeptide is directly related to the ionisation state of the C-terminus carboxyl group of alanine. In carboxylic state, the peptide adopts an extended conformation, while in the carboxylate state the four last residues (Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala) are involved in a type II beta-turn structure probably locked by a salt bridge between the carboxyl group of Ala8 and the epsilon ammonium group of Lys4 (or the guanidinium group of Arg4). These observations provide an insight into the possible conformational tendencies of this peptide in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aumelas
- Centre CNRS-INSERM of Pharmacology-Endocrinology, Montpellie, France
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16
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Branch SK, Casy AF. Applications of modern-high-field NMR spectroscopy in medicinal chemistry. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1989; 26:355-436. [PMID: 2690186 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Opioid Receptors and their Ligands: Recent Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-013318-5.50008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Dhingra MM, Saran A. Comparative study of conformational behaviour of leucine and methionine enkephalinamides by1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Biosci 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02832207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Motta A, Picone D, Tancredi T, Temussi P. Low temperature nmr studies of leu-enkephalins in cryoprotective solvents. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Paine GH, Scheraga HA. Prediction of the native conformation of a polypeptide by a statistical-mechanical procedure. III. Probable and average conformations of enkephalin. Biopolymers 1987; 26:1125-62. [PMID: 3620578 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360260711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Gupta G, Sarma MH, Sarma RH, Dhingra MM. NOE data at 500 MHz reveal the proximity of phenyl and tyrosine rings in enkephalin. FEBS Lett 1986; 198:245-50. [PMID: 3956734 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Met5-enkephalin-a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met)-can exist in two possible folded arrangements with a rigid two-hydrogen-bonded network. In one arrangement, a Gly 2-Gly 3 beta-bend is formed and in the other a Gly 3-Phe 4 beta-bend. The two conformations are distinguished by the spatial relation of Tyr 1 and Phe 4: in the Gly 2-Gly 3 beta-bend, Tyr 1 and Phe 4 can be brought close to each other while in the Gly 3-Phe 4 beta-bend they are far apart (greater than 5 A). We have utilized one-dimensional (1D) nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements between the ring protons of Tyr 1 and Phe 4 to determine their proximity. The NOE data clearly show that a pair protons, one each from Tyr 1 and Phe 4, are as close as 3.3 A while other inter-proton distances are beyond 4.5 A. Therefore, we propose the presence of a Gly 2-Gly 3 beta-bend (in which Tyr 1 and Phe 4 are spatially close) for Met5-enkephalin in solution. The structure of Met5-enkephalin in solution is very similar to the single crystal structure of Leu5-enkephalin and tends to explain the biological activity data of several modified enkephalins.
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22
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Andrews PR, Lloyd EJ. Common structural features of drugs, transmitters and peptides in the central nervous system. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1986; 23:91-119. [PMID: 2889242 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Abstract
NMR evidence of the temperature dependence of NH resonances and magnitudes of alpha-CH-NH couplings is advanced in support of preferred beta-bend conformations for five enkephalin-like pentapeptides as solutes in DMSO-d6. The relevance of these and related conformational studies to the interactions of peptides of the enkephalin class with opioid receptors is questioned.
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24
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25
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Behnam BA, Deber CM. Evidence for a folded conformation of methionine- and leucine-enkephalin in a membrane environment. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Hall D, Pavitt N. Conformation of a cyclic tetrapeptide related to an analog of enkephalin. Biopolymers 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360230802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Beretta CA, Parrilli M, Pastore A, Tancredi T, Temussi PA. Experimental simulation of the environment of the delta opioid receptor. A 500 MHz study of enkephalins in CDCl3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 121:456-62. [PMID: 6329204 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of [Met5] and [Leu5]enkephalin amides with 18-crown-6-ether have been studied in CDCl3 solution by means of 500 MHz NMR spectroscopy, in order to simulate two of the features of the opioid receptor: the apolar environment and the binding of the charged N atom. Contrary to all previous studies in polar solvents the NH resonances are spread in a huge range (ca. 4 ppm) as in the spectra of rigid cyclic peptides. The two observed intramolecular hydrogen bonds are consistent with the existence of a single, folded, conformation, i.e. a C10 beta-turn in which the Phe4 NH is linked to the Tyr1 CO group.
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28
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Deber CM, Behnam BA. Role of membrane lipids in peptide hormone function: binding of enkephalins to micelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:61-5. [PMID: 6320173 PMCID: PMC344610 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of their biological function, peptide hormones must be transferred from an aqueous phase to the lipid-rich environment of their membrane-bound receptor proteins. We have investigated the possible influence of phospholipids in this process, using 360-MHz 1H and 90-MHz 13C NMR spectroscopy to examine the association of the opioid peptides [Met]- and [Leu]enkephalins (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met/Leu) with phospholipid micelles. Binding of peptides to lipid was monitored in NMR spectra by selective chemical shift movements (e.g., the Phe aromatic ring protons) and residue-specific line broadening (e.g., of Met/Leu carbonyl- and alpha-carbon resonances). Results established that the zwitterionic hormones associate hydrophobically both with a neutral lipid (lysophosphatidylcholine) and (also electrostatically) with a negative lipid (lysophosphatidylglycerol). An association constant of Ka = 3.7 X 10(1) M-1 was calculated for the hydrophobic binding of enkephalin to lysophosphatidylcholine. NMR data suggested that enkephalin binds to the lipid with Met/Leu, Phe, and likely Tyr side-chain substituents associated with nonpolar interior regions of the micelle, whereas the COOH-terminal carboxylate moiety of the peptide is located in the surface of the lipid particle. An "attraction-interaction" model is proposed for hormone-lipid association wherein negative lipids attract the hormone electrostatically, while site-specific hydrophobic contacts facilitate its entry, concentration, and orientation into the lipid phase.
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29
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Correlation of 15N and 13C relaxation data as a mobility probe for linear peptides. A theoretical and experimental study using enkephalins and related models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2364(83)90026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Sudha TS, Balaram P. Stabilization of beta-turn conformations in enkephalins. alpha-Aminoisobutyric acid analogs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1983; 21:381-8. [PMID: 6862767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1983.tb03119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemical constraints have been introduced into the enkephalin backbone by substituting alpha-aminoisobutyryl (Aib) residues at positions 2 and 3, instead of Gly. 1H n.m.r. studies of Tyr-Aib-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2, Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Met-NH2 and Tyr-Gly-Aib-Phe-Met-NH2 demonstrate the occurrence of folded, intramolecularly hydrogen bonded structures in organic solvents. Similar conformations are also favoured in the corresponding t-butyloxycarbonyl protected tetrapeptides, which lack the Tyr residue. A beta-turn centred at positions 2 and 3 is proposed for the Aib2-Gly3 analog. In the Gly2-Aib3 analog, the beta-turn has Aib3-Phe4 as the corner residues. The Aib2-Aib3 analog adopts a consecutive beta-turn or 3(10) helical conformation. High in vivo biological activity is observed for the Aib2 and Aib2-Aib3 analogs, while the Aib3 peptide is significantly less active.
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31
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Krstenansky JL, Baranowski RL, Currie BL. A new approach to conformationally restricted peptide analogs: rigid beta-bends. 1. Enkephalin as an example. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982; 109:1368-74. [PMID: 7168769 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)91928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Kupryszewska M, Gryczyński I, Kawski A. INTRAMOLECULAR DONOR-ACCEPTOR SEPARATIONS IN METHIONINE- AND LEUCINE-ENKEPHALIN ESTIMATED BY LONG-RANGE RADIATIONLESS TRANSFER OF SINGLET EXCITATION ENERGY. Photochem Photobiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Zetta L, Cabassi F. 270-MHz 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of met-enkephalin in solvent mixtures. Conformational transition from dimethylsulphoxide to water. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 122:215-22. [PMID: 7060566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1H spectra at 270 MHz of zwitterionic Met-enkephalin pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) in (C2H3)2SO/water mixtures are reported and discussed in terms of solvent-induced conformational transitions. The analysis of the chemical shifts, line widths, coupling constants and rotamer populations around chi 1 and chi 2 suggests that the conformational properties of Met-enkephalin in the two solvents are quite different. In aqueous solution, the preferred structure, characterized by the absence of intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded NH groups and head-to-tail interactions, very likely is an equilibrium of unfolded conformations with approximately equal energy. In (C2H3)2SO, the preferred structure is folded, with the Met-5 NH intramolecularly bonded and the Gly-3 NH protected from the solvent, while the Gly-2 and Phe-4 amide protons are solvent exposed. A conformational transition of Met-enkephalin from the intramolecularly bonded to the unbonded one takes place at about 40 mol-% water in (C2H3)2SO, involving the Met-5 NH proton and the Tyr-Gly-Gly fragment. The Phe-4 and Met-5 phi angles do not change appreciably, which suggest that an inversion at the Gly-3 residue of the folded form, responsible for the conformational transition, does not affect the C-terminal moiety. At about 70 mol-% water in (C2H3)2SO a change in the solvent mixture properties affects the chi 1 rotamer populations and the ring dynamics of the aromatic side chains. The line broadening of the Tyr-1 delta and epsilon proton resonances indicates a specific interaction of the N-terminal ring with the solvent.
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34
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35
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Sudha TS, Balaram P. Conformational flexibility in enkephalins: solvent dependent transitions in peptides with Gly-Gly segments detected by circular dichroism. FEBS Lett 1981; 134:32-6. [PMID: 9222318 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T S Sudha
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institut of Science, Bangalore, India
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36
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Demonte JP, Guillard R, Englert A. Theoretical conformational analysis of enkephalin analogues related to fluorescence and n.m.r. measurements in aqueous solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1981; 18:478-86. [PMID: 7341529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb03009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The properties related to non-radiative energy transfer of a number of enkephalin analogues with tryptophan substituted for phenylalanine in position 4 and n.m.r. 3JNH-C alpha H coupling constants of corresponding [Phe4]-enkephalin analogues are being derived from semi-empirical conformational energy. The molecules considered contain a glycyl, a D-alanyl or an L-alanyl as second residue; two of the compounds are N-methylated at position 4 or 5. The [Trp4]-enkephalin analogues and the corresponding [Phe4]-enkephalin analogues display nearly parallel affinities in the opiate receptor binding assay (Schiller et al. (1). The comparison of computed and experimental properties shows that an ensemble of conformers is a satisfactory representation of the state of these molecules in water.
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Manavalan P, Momany FA. Conformational energy calculations on enkephalins and enkephalin analogs. Classification of conformations to different configurational types. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1981; 18:256-75. [PMID: 7341519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb02980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Conformational energy calculations were carried out on the peptide enkaphalins (ENK) and selected analogs to find those conformers of low energy. The analogs studied include [D-Ala2]Enk-NH2, [D-Ala2]Enk, [D-Met2, Pro5]Enk-NH2, [D-Ala2, D-Phe5]Enk, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Enk, [D-Ala2, (N-Me)Phe4, Met5] Enk-NH2 and [D-Ala2, (N-Me)Met5]Enk-NH2. When the low-energy conformers for all the analogs are compared, different allowed backbone conformations are found which orient the functional side-chains such that three classifications of structures appear. Each classification shows a unique configuration of side-chain positions in space even though different backbone conformations are found within each classification.
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Marion D, Garbay-Jaureguiberry C, Roques BP. 15N spin-lattice relaxation study of linear peptides: preliminary results on Leu-enkephalin and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 101:711-8. [PMID: 7306111 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gidley MJ, Hall LD, Sanders JK, Summers MC. Acetaldehyde--enkephalins: structure proof and some conformational deductions from one- and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Biochemistry 1981; 20:3880-3. [PMID: 6268150 DOI: 10.1021/bi00516a033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the adduct formed by reaction of acetaldehyde and Met5-enkephalin has been determined by analysis of 400-MHz proton spectra: two-dimensional J spectroscopy was used to resolve and measure virtually all the overlapping resonances, and decoupling difference spectroscopy was used to assign the resonances. Suitable manipulation of the two-dimensional data allowed analysis of alpha-CH resonances which were completely buried under a water signal and of amide NH resonances which overlapped in both dimensions. The adduct was shown to be a mixture of two diastereoisomers, each containing a 2-methylimidazolidin-4-one ring formed by condensation of an acetaldehyde molecule with the N-terminal amino group and Gly2 amide nitrogen. Analysis of the NMR data suggests that the folded conformation characteristic of native enkephalins in dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide is not important in these derivatives.
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The interaction of N alpha-alkylenkephalins with opiate receptors. Tissue-dependent shifts in the opiate activity of methionine-enkephalin following N alpha-alkylation. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Equilibrium distribution of conformations for Met5-enkephalin predicted by energy calculation and related to experiment. Int J Biol Macromol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(81)90022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roques BP, Garbay-Jaureguiberry C, Bajusz S, Maigret B. Studies of the conformational behaviour and preferential interactions with opiate receptors of the cis and trans forms of [Dmet2,pro5]enkephalin and [Dmet2,pro5]enkephalinamide by 1H and 13C NMR, theoretical calculations and 13C relaxation measurements. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 113:105-19. [PMID: 6257512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Llorens C, Gacel G, Swerts JP, Perdrisot R, Fournie-Zaluski MC, Schwartz JC, Roques BP. Rational design of enkephalinase inhibitors: substrate specificity of enkephalinase studied from inhibitory potency of various dipeptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 96:1710-6. [PMID: 7004444 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gacel G, Fournie-Zaluski MC, Roques BP. D-Tyr--Ser-Gly--Phe--Leu--Thr, a highly preferential ligand for delta-opiate receptors. FEBS Lett 1980; 118:245-7. [PMID: 6252054 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Soós J, Berzétei I, Bajusz S, Rónai AZ. Correlation between circular dichroism data and biological activities of 2,5 substituted enkephalin analogues. Life Sci 1980; 27:129-33. [PMID: 6249995 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Summers MC, Gidley MJ, Sanders JK. 'Acetaldehyde-enkephalins': elucidation of the structure of the acetaldehyde adducts of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin. FEBS Lett 1980; 111:307-10. [PMID: 7358173 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kobayashi J, Higashijima T, Nagai U, Miyazawa T. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of side-chain conformation of tyrosyl residue in [Met5]-enkephalin. Solvent and temperature dependence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 621:190-203. [PMID: 7353038 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(80)90171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
[Met5]-Enkephalin and tyrosine methylamide containing (2S, 3S)-[2,3-2H]-tyrosine and [Met5]-enkephalin containing (2S, 3R)-[3-2H]tyrosine were synthesized. 270 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of the normal species and selectively deuterated species were analyzed. The lower field and higher field beta-proton signals of the Tyr1 residues of [Met5]-enkephalin (and tyrosine methylamide) were unambiguously assigned to the pro-S and pro-R protons, respectively, in organic solvents, but the alternative assignments apply in 1H2O. For [Met5]-enkephalin and tyrosine methylamide (model for N-terminal tyrosyl residue), the rotamer populations around the Calpha-Cbeta bond of tyrosyl residue were determined in a variety of solvents. Rotamer populations of the tyrosyl residue depend on solvent polarity. In aqueous solution, the rotamers I and II are predominant while in weakly polar solvents the rotamer I becomes predominant. For the tyrosyl residue of the dipolar form of [Met5]-enkephalin in (C2H3)2SO solution, anomalous temperature dependences of rotamer populations are observed. This anomaly is suggested to be due to the equilibrium of the folded and extended conformations of the main chain. In fact, the temperature dependences of rotamer populations become normal in the presence of 2 M NH4ClO4, which weakens the attraction between the N-terminal and C-terminal groups of the dipolar form and thus reduces the population of the folded form in (C2H3)2SO solution.
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Abstract
The evidence that reverse turns frequently occur as structural components of proteins, as well as of linear and cyclic peptides, is overwhelming. This review summarizes and examines critically the experimental evidence derived from physical methods such as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spin-lattice relaxation time, circular dichroism, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Secondly, theoretical evidence obtained from energy calculations, which rely on empirical energy functions, and correlative methods, which rely on algorithms based on the frequency of occurrence of amino acids, is evaluated. In particular, those theoretical studies for which complementary physical studies have been completed are emphasized. Finally, examples of structure-function relationships involving reverse turns and their biological recognition are demonstrated.
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Premilat S, Maigret B. Conformations of angiotensin II and enkephalin related to N.M.R. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 91:534-9. [PMID: 42398 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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