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Liu Q, Shi WK, Ren SZ, Ni WW, Li WY, Chen HM, Liu P, Yuan J, He XS, Liu JJ, Cao P, Yang PZ, Xiao ZP, Zhu HL. Arylamino containing hydroxamic acids as potent urease inhibitors for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The synthesis and evaluation of phenoxyacylhydroxamic acids as potential agents for Helicobacter pylori infections. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4145-4152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Iancu CV, Zhou Y, Borza T, Fromm HJ, Honzatko RB. Cavitation as a mechanism of substrate discrimination by adenylosuccinate synthetases. Biochemistry 2006; 45:11703-11. [PMID: 16981730 PMCID: PMC4869520 DOI: 10.1021/bi0607498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step in the de novo biosynthesis of AMP, coupling L-aspartate and IMP to form adenylosuccinate. Km values of IMP and 2'-deoxy-IMP are nearly identical with each substrate supporting comparable maximal velocities. Nonetheless, the Km value for L-aspartate and the Ki value for hadacidin (a competitive inhibitor with respect to L-aspartate) are 29-57-fold lower in the presence of IMP than in the presence of 2'-deoxy-IMP. Crystal structures of the synthetase ligated with hadacidin, GDP, and either 6-phosphoryl-IMP or 2'-deoxy-6-phosphoryl-IMP are identical except for the presence of a cavity normally occupied by the 2'-hydroxyl group of IMP. In the presence of 6-phosphoryl-IMP and GDP (hadacidin absent), the L-aspartate pocket can retain its fully ligated conformation, forming hydrogen bonds between the 2'-hydroxyl group of IMP and sequence-invariant residues. In the presence of 2'-deoxy-6-phosphoryl-IMP and GDP, however, the L-aspartate pocket is poorly ordered. The absence of the 2'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribonucleotide may destabilize binding of the ligand to the L-aspartate pocket by disrupting hydrogen bonds that maintain a favorable protein conformation and by the introduction of a cavity into the fully ligated active site. At an approximate energy cost of 2.2 kcal/mol, the unfavorable thermodynamics of cavity formation may be the major factor in destabilizing ligands at the L-aspartate pocket.
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Gorrell A, Wang W, Underbakke E, Hou Z, Honzatko RB, Fromm HJ. Determinants of L-aspartate and IMP recognition in Escherichia coli adenylosuccinate synthetase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8817-21. [PMID: 11781326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate synthetase governs the first committed step in the de novo synthesis of AMP. Mutations of conserved residues in the synthetase from Escherichia coli reveal significant roles for Val(273) and Thr(300) in the recognition of l-aspartate, even though these residues do not or cannot hydrogen bond with the substrate. The mutation of Thr(300) to alanine increases the K(m) for l-aspartate by 30-fold. In contrast, its mutation to valine causes no more than a 4-fold increase in the K(m) for l-aspartate, while increasing k(cat) by 3-fold. Mutations of Val(273) to alanine, threonine, or asparagine increase the K(m) for l-aspartate from 15- to 40-fold, and concomitantly decrease the K(i) for dicarboxylate analogues of l-aspartate by up to 40-fold. The above perturbations are comparable with those resulting from the elimination of a hydrogen bond between the enzyme and substrate: alanine mutations of Thr(128) and Thr(129) increase the K(m) for IMP by up to 30-fold and the alanine mutation of Thr(301) abolishes catalysis supported by l-aspartate, but has no effect on catalysis supported by hydroxylamine. Structure-based mechanisms, by which the above residues influence substrate recognition, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gorrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Ladino C, Schneeberger EE, Rabito CA, Lynch RD. Reduction of adenine nucleotide content of clone 4 MDCK cells: effects on multiplication, protein synthesis, and morphology. J Cell Physiol 1989; 140:186-94. [PMID: 2544615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor agent hadacidin (N-formyl-hydroxyamino-acetic acid), at 4 mM, inhibited the multiplication of clone 4 Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells within 24 hr. Growth resumed rapidly upon replacement of hadacidin with aspartate, an observation consistent with the drug's action as a competitive inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase, an enzyme in adenine nucleotide biosynthesis. Data indicate that the drug-treated cells were arrested in S phase of the cell cycle. Accompanying inhibition of multiplication was a 16-fold increase in the area occupied by the cells and a refractoriness to release by treatment with trypsin. None of these changes occurred when 0.5 mM adenosine was included in the incubation mixture containing the inhibitor. Hadacidin decreased the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content of the cells as well as the rate at which 3H-leucine was incorporated into protein. In the presence of 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline, the drug had no effect on cell division and protein synthesis. The data suggest that, in clone 4 MDCK cells, the effects of hadacidin are mediated by diminishing the level of cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ladino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
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Tyagi AK, Cooney DA. Biochemical pharmacology, metabolism, and mechanism of action of L-alanosine, a novel, natural antitumor agent. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1984; 20:69-121. [PMID: 6398969 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Webster HK, Wiesmann WP, Walker MD, Bean T, Whaun JM. Hypoxanthine metabolism by human malaria infected erythrocytes: focus for the design of new antimalarial drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 165 Pt A:219-23. [PMID: 6372377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4553-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Creagan ET, O'Connell MJ, Kovach JS. A Phase I study of the combination N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA, NSC-224131) and L-alanosine (NSC-153353) in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 1983; 52:615-8. [PMID: 6861099 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19830815)52:4<615::aid-cncr2820520407>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a Phase I study of combined therapy with N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) and L-alanosine in 26 patients with advanced cancer. Each agent exhibits antitumor effect by enzyme inhibition: PALA blocks pyrimidine biosynthesis by impeding aspartate transcarbamylase and L-alanosine depletes purine nucleotides by interfering with adenylosuccinate synthetase. These agents were selected for clinical investigation in light of synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro against human tumor cell lines and in vivo against P-388 murine leukemia resistant to cytosine arabinoside. Dose-limiting toxicities were stomatitis and diarrhea to a lesser extent. There was no substantial myelosuppression. The authors recommend either of two intravenous regimens for studies of therapeutic activity in selected patients with neoplastic diseases: a one-day treatment repeated of PALA, 5.0 g/m2 and L-alanosine, 3.0 g/m2, repeated every 3 weeks; or a monthly program of PALA, 500 mg/m2/d 1-5 and L-alanosine, 60 mg/m2/d 1-5.
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Yeung CY, Ingolia DE, Bobonis C, Dunbar BS, Riser ME, Siciliano MJ, Kellems RE. Selective overproduction of adenosine deaminase in cultured mouse cells. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)82070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
L-alanosine (NSC 15353) is a newly developed antitumor antibiotic which acts as an inhibitor of purine intermediary metabolism. Experimental antitumor activity was demonstrated in a variety of murine neoplasms. A Phase I trial was undertaken on a daily x 5 (d x 5) schedule in 22 evaluable patients. Dose limiting toxicity was an oral mucositis characterized by beefy red oral, lingual and pharyngeal erythema. The maximum tolerated dose is 320 mg/m2/d x 5 every three weeks. The recommended dose for Phase II evaluation is 160 mg/m2/d x 5 every three weeks.
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Ullman B. Characterization of mutant murine lymphoma cells with altered inosinate dehydrogenase activities. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Stayton MM, Rudolph FB, Fromm HJ. Regulation, genetics, and properties of adenylosuccinate synthetase: a review. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1983; 22:103-41. [PMID: 6347525 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152822-5.50008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Debatisse M, Berry M, Buttin G. The potentiation of adenine toxicity to Chinese hamster cells by coformycin: suppression in mutants with altered regulation of purine biosynthesis or increased adenylate-deaminase activity. J Cell Physiol 1981; 106:1-11. [PMID: 7204504 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
When added to medium containing coformycin (2 microM or above), adenine is lethal to Chinese hamster fibroblasts at the concentration inhibiting de novo purine biosynthesis (Debatisse and Buttin, '77b). Rescue by hypoxanthine suggested that cells die of IMP starvation when the analog can turn off deamination of both adenosine and adenylate. As predicted from this hypothesis, two classes of variants resistant to the mixture of coformycin + adenine have been isolated: Class 1 variants have altered control of de novo IMP biosynthesis; they fall into two subclasses on the basis of their resistance to adenosine. Class 2 variants have a 6-10-fold increased level of AMP-deaminase (E.C.: 3.5.4.6); their growth in the selective medium is temperature-dependent, a property accounted for by the observation that cell growth in the presence of coformycin imposes a gradual thermodependent decay of specific AMP-deaminase activity in both wild-type and variant lines. This control by coformycin of AMP-deaminase activity is unaltered in mutants deficient in the four activities of adenosine-kinase. APRT, HGPRT and deoxycytidine-kinase. Most of the resistant variants are unstable and exhibit either increased or reduced resistance, depending on prolonged growth in selective or normal medium.
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Anandaraj SJ, Jayaram HN, Cooney DA, Tyagi AK, Han N, Thomas JH, Chitnis M, Montgomery JA. Interaction of L-alanosine (NSC 153, 353) with enzymes metabolizing L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and their amides. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:227-45. [PMID: 7362636 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jayaram HN, Tyagi AK, Anandaraj S, Montgomery JA, Kelley JA, Kelley J, Adamson RH, Cooney DA. Metabolites of alanosine, an antitumor antibiotic. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:3551-66. [PMID: 533558 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Powis G, Ames MM. Determination of L-alanosine in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the Dns derivative. J Chromatogr A 1979; 170:195-201. [PMID: 544618 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)84251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
L-Alanosine is an antitumour antibiotic that has recently been placed in clinical trial. We have developed a relatively rapid and specific assay for urinary and plasma alanosine, based on formation of the Dns derivative and separation of this from other Dns compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Dns-Alanosine is detected by its absorption at 254 nm, since alanosine is atypical in that it forms a Dns derivative with very low fluorescence. The lower limit of detection of alanosine in plasma is 0.1 microgram/ml. The assay has been used to measure the levels of alanosine in the plasma and urine of rabbits and of man.
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Chan TS, Creagan RP, Reardon MP. Adenosine kinase as a new selective marker in somatic cell genetics: isolation of adenosine kinase--deficient mouse cell lines and human--mouse hybrid cell lines containing adenosine kinase. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1978; 4:1-12. [PMID: 204068 DOI: 10.1007/bf01546489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new selective system for isolating somatic cell hybrids, using adenosine kinase as the selective marker, has been developed. The selective medium for forward selection (to select for cells containing adenosine kinase) contains alanosine, adenosine and uridine. To survive in the presence of alanosine, cells must have adenosine kinase in order to utilize exogenous adenosine as the sole source of AMP. Uridine is added to the selective medium to prevent the toxic effects of adenosine on cultured mammalian cells. The selective medium for reverse selection (to select for cells lacking adenosine kinase) contains 2-fluoroadenosine, an analogue of adenosine, which is converted to a toxic nucleotide by the action of adenosine kinase. Mouse mutant cell lines deficient in adenosine kinase have been derived. Human--mouse hybrid cells containing the kinase have been prepared from one of these mutant lines. Karyotype data of these hygrid lines and their adenosine kinase-minus sublines are consistent with assignment by others of the human gene for adenosine kinase on chromosome 10.
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Laue MC, Yip BP, Rudolph FB. Effects of alanosine and hadacidin on enzymes using aspartic acid as a metabolite. Biochem Pharmacol 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clark AW, Rudolph FB. Regulation of purine metabolism. Adenylosuccinate synthetase from Novikoff ascites tumor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1976; 437:87-90. [PMID: 181081 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(76)90349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenylosuccinate synthetase has been partially purified from Novikoff ascites tumor cells. The properties of the protein are quite different from the enzyme from rat liver in that the Km for asparate is higher and the K1 for the feedback inhibitor AMP is also higher. The antibiotic hadacidin has a preferential inhibitory effect on the tumor enzyme. These results suggest that the Novikoff ascites tumor enzyme is less sensitive to normal feedback controls but may be more sensitive to specific antitumor drugs.
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