1
|
Berríos-Cárcamo P, Quintanilla ME, Herrera-Marschitz M, Vasiliou V, Zapata-Torres G, Rivera-Meza M. Racemic Salsolinol and its Enantiomers Act as Agonists of the μ-Opioid Receptor by Activating the Gi Protein-Adenylate Cyclase Pathway. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 10:253. [PMID: 28167903 PMCID: PMC5253357 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that the ethanol-derived metabolite salsolinol (SAL) can activate the mesolimbic system, suggesting that SAL is the active molecule mediating the rewarding effects of ethanol. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that SAL exerts its action on neuron excitability through a mechanism involving opioid neurotransmission. However, there is no direct pharmacologic evidence showing that SAL activates opioid receptors. Methods: The ability of racemic (R/S)-SAL, and its stereoisomers (R)-SAL and (S)-SAL, to activate the μ-opioid receptor was tested in cell-based (light-emitting) receptor assays. To further characterizing the interaction of SAL stereoisomers with the μ-opioid receptor, a molecular docking study was performed using the crystal structure of the μ-opioid receptor. Results: This study shows that SAL activates the μ-opioid receptor by the classical G protein-adenylate cyclase pathway with an half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 2 × 10−5 M. The agonist action of SAL was fully blocked by the μ-opioid antagonist naltrexone. The EC50 for the purified stereoisomers (R)-SAL and (S)-SAL were 6 × 10−4 M and 9 × 10−6 M respectively. It was found that the action of racemic SAL on the μ-opioid receptor did not promote the recruitment of β-arrestin. Molecular docking studies showed that the interaction of (R)- and (S)-SAL with the μ-opioid receptor is similar to that predicted for the agonist morphine. Conclusions: It is shown that (R)-SAL and (S)-SAL are agonists of the μ-opioid receptor. (S)-SAL is a more potent agonist than the (R)-SAL stereoisomer. In silico analysis predicts a morphine-like interaction between (R)- and (S)-SAL with the μ-opioid receptor. These results suggest that an opioid action of SAL or its enantiomers is involved in the rewarding effects of ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public HealthNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - María E Quintanilla
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald Zapata-Torres
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rivera-Meza
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsubara K, Senda T, Uezono T, Fukushima S, Ohta S, Igarashi K, Naoi M, Yamashita Y, Ohtaki K, Hayase N, Akutsu S, Kimura K. Structural significance of azaheterocyclic amines related to Parkinson's disease for dopamine transporter. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 348:77-84. [PMID: 9650834 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the neuronal uptake of 12 neutral and quaternary azaheterocyclic amines that are possible candidates for idiopathic Parkinson's disease via dopamine transporter of striatal synaptosomes. The double-reciprocal plots for dopamine transporter obtained from Wistar rat and C57BL/6 mouse synaptosomes with N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium cation (MPP+) as a substrate were identical to each other. Neutral beta-carbolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines were unfavorable substrates for dopamine transporter. The quarternization of these compounds strikingly increased the affinity for dopamine transporter with 2-10 times greater Km and 10 times smaller Vmax values than MPP+. Although catechol tetrahydroisoquinolines were weak substrates, their quarternization reduced their original properties as substrates for dopamine transporter. These results provide both topographic and electrogenic information of azaheterocyclic amines for the dopamine transporter-mediated influx. The intramolecular distance between the N-atom and the centroid of the benzene ring could be an important factor for the recognition of binding site of dopamine transporter, and an adequate net charge similar to dopamine would be further required for translocation into the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Matsubara
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musshoff F, Daldrup T, Bonte W. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening procedure for the identification of formaldehyde-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines in human urine. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1993; 619:235-42. [PMID: 8263095 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80112-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method has been developed for the identification of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and six metabolites extracted from urine in the picogram range. The derivatization procedure for the substances, formed by reaction of formaldehyde with biogenic amines, employs propionic anhydride and can take place in aqueous medium. In this way artificial formation of these compounds via condensation of biogenic amines with aldehydes or alpha-keto acids during the work-up procedure is eliminated. The procedure results in hydrophobic compounds, which are quantitatively extractable by liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents. Further clean-up was performed by solid-phase extraction on C18 sample preparation columns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Musshoff
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamdi A, Prasad C. Attenuation of pulsatile changes in the density of striatal [3H]GBR-12935 binding sites during chronic ethanol consumption. Brain Res 1991; 567:71-5. [PMID: 1815831 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using [3H]GBR-12935 as a selective ligand, we have examined the properties of rat striatal dopamine transporter complex during chronic ethanol consumption. The results of this study show a significant change in the Bmax (maximal binding capacity), but not Kd (affinity) of [3H]GBR-12935 binding sites. The observed changes were pulsatile and they exhibited an increase (144% of control), decrease (80% of control), tendency to increase (111% of control), increase (141% of control), decrease (84% of control), no change (98% of control), and decrease (80% of control) after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of ethanol consumption, respectively. Since the duration of ethanol exposure appears to be an important variable in regulating the properties of dopamine transporter complex, the behavioral changes observed during chronic ethanol intake may vary with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hamdi
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Experimental results and theoretical considerations on the biology of alcoholism are devoted to the following topics: genetically determined differences in metabolic tolerance; participation of the alternative alcohol metabolizing systems in chronic alcohol intake; genetically determined differences in functional tolerance of the CNS to the hypnotic effect of alcohol; cross tolerance between alcohol and centrally active drugs; dissociation of tolerance and cross tolerance from physical dependence; permanent effect of uncontrolled drinking behavior induced by alkaloid metabolites in the CNS; genetically determined alterations in the function of opiate receptors; and genetic predisposition to addiction due to innate endorphin deficiency. For the purpose of introducing the most important research teams and their main work, statements from selected publications of individual groups have been classified as to subject matter and summarized. Although the number for summary-quotations had to be restricted, the criterion for selection was the relevance to the etiology of alcoholism rather than consequences of alcohol drinking.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schoemaker H, Pimoule C, Arbilla S, Scatton B, Javoy-Agid F, Langer SZ. Sodium dependent [3H]cocaine binding associated with dopamine uptake sites in the rat striatum and human putamen decrease after dopaminergic denervation and in Parkinsons disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1985; 329:227-35. [PMID: 3927176 DOI: 10.1007/bf00501873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding of radiolabelled cocaine, an inhibitor of dopamine uptake, to the post-mortem human putamen was studied and compared to that in the rat striatum. Saturation analysis of [3H]cocaine binding to the human putamen revealed the presence of a high affinity component of binding with a Kd of 0.21 mumol/l and a Bmax of 1.47 pmol/mg protein. In addition a low affinity component (Kd = 26.4 mumol/l) was demonstrated, having a Bmax of 42.2 pmol/mg protein. Also in the rat striatum [3H]cocaine binding was both of high affinity (Kd = 0.36 mumol/l, Bmax = 5.56 pmol/mg protein) and low affinity (Kd = 25.9 mumol/l, Bmax = 35.6 pmol/mg protein). A pharmacological characterisation of high affinity [3H]cocaine binding to rat striatal membranes clearly indicates an association with the neuronal dopamine transporter. The IC50 values of 8 selected drugs for inhibition of [3H]cocaine binding in the rat striatum were highly significantly correlated with their potency to inhibit [3H]dopamine uptake into slices of the rat striatum. [3H]Cocaine binding was stereospecifically inhibited by (+)nomifensine and (+)diclofensine which were 50-80-fold more active than their respective (-)isomers. Drugs with dopamine releasing activity were more potent at inhibiting [3H]dopamine uptake than at competing for the high affinity site of [3H]cocaine binding. A highly significant correlation was found between IC50 values for [3H]cocaine binding in the rat striatum and the human putamen. Further evidence in support of an association of [3H]cocaine binding in the rat striatum with the dopamine transporter was obtained from lesion studies. Thus, intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine administration produced a marked (67%) decrease in striatal [3H]cocaine binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
7
|
Smolen TN, Howerton TC, Collins AC. Effects of ethanol and salsolinol on catecholamine function in LS and SS mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1984; 20:125-31. [PMID: 6694991 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(84)90112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long Sleep (LS) and Short Sleep (SS) mice differ in duration of ethanol-induced sleep time because of differences in brain sensitivity to the depressant effects of alcohols. These lines of mice also differ in their sensitivity to salsolinol, the condensation product of acetaldehyde with dopamine. Some of ethanol's acute effects may be due to salsolinol interactions with catecholamine systems. In the present study, the half-lives of salsolinol were found to be 12.8 min (LS) and 12.3 min (SS). Salsolinol administration resulted in a decrease in brain norepinephrine content in LS but not SS mice. Dopamine levels were not altered by salsolinol. Ethanol or salsolinol, in vitro, inhibited dopamine uptake by striatal synaptosomes. The IC50 values for ethanol were 491 mM (LS) and 514 mM (SS), and for salsolinol, 300 microM (SS). Thus, the mouse line which is most sensitive to the behavioral effects of salsolinol is also most sensitive to salsolinol's effects on norepinephrine levels and inhibition of dopamine uptake. However, much higher concentrations are required to alter dopamine uptake in vitro than are required to alter behavior in vivo.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chapter 7 Mammalian Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
9
|
Melchior C, Collins MA. The route and significance of endogenous synthesis of alkaloids in animals. Crit Rev Toxicol 1982; 9:313-56. [PMID: 6100976 DOI: 10.3109/10408448209037496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is now substantial evidence that several TIQs and beta-carbolines are present in vivo and increase during certain pathological conditions. It still remains to be determined, however, precisely what roles they play in endogenous functions and whether or not they are critical for the expression of these pathological conditions. Accumulating biochemical information continues to support the notion that these compounds can act as false transmitters. The exciting new findings, which will certainly receive a great deal more attention, concern the interaction of some of the beta-carbolines with the benzodiazepine receptor. Determining if a beta-carboline is an endogenous receptor ligand will attract further research interest on the theoretical and specifically clinically-directed levels. Biochemical, morphological, and behavioral data indicate that some of the condensation products can act as neurotoxins. Very few experiments have included an examination of long-term effects of exposure to one of these alkaloids, so the amount of information on this issue is limited. Chronic rather than acute administration of an alkaloid is more likely to mimic the pathological states in which these compounds are hypothesized to play a role. Biochemically, both the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been shown to be affected by chronic treatments with certain alkaloids. Progressive and long-term behavioral alterations also have been reported. Such changes may reflect an adaptation to an increase or decrease in activity of particular systems or a neurotoxic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Melchior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zarranz de Ysern ME, Ordoñez LA. Tetrahydroisoquinolines: a review. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1981; 5:343-55. [PMID: 7034024 DOI: 10.1016/0364-7722(81)90085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
11
|
Collins MA. Neuroamine condensations in human subjects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 126:87-102. [PMID: 7405716 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3632-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic products of neuroamines and endogenous carbonyl compounds are apparent "normal" products in human metabolism, and their levels become increased during pathological conditions. DA condensation products--salsolinol, its O-methylated derivative, and methylated derivatives of 1-carboxyl-THP--are found normally in human urine, and the last TIQ is in human brain. Potential beta-carboline condensation products also occur in (aging) human lens tissue. Chronic drinking in alcoholics causes significant increases in urinary salsolinol and O-methyl-salsolinol, presumably due to the increased AcH which is made available. L-DOPA therapy (in Parkinson's disease) elevates urinary and tissue levels of the carboxylated THP derivatives, as well as of salsolinol and THP itself; hyperphenylalaninemia during PKU also increases tissue levels of a DA/phenylpyruvate-derived TIQ and an imine condensate of phenylethylamine and vitamin B6. These unusual products may interfere with neural dynamic processes, and produce cytotoxic metabolites.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamilton MG, Hirst M, Blum K. Opiate-like activity of salsolinol on the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum. Life Sci 1979; 25:2205-10. [PMID: 542098 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Clement-Cormier YC, Meyerson LR, Phillips H, Davis VE. Dopamine receptor topography. Characterization of antagonist requirements of striatal dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase using protoberberine alkaloids. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:3123-9. [PMID: 518711 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
Formation of aberrant amine metabolites, tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) has been hypothesized to account for some of the effects of ethanol. These compounds have been shown to interact with catecholamine neurons in a variety of ways by in vitro techniques. The most interesting facet of these alkaloids, however, is the fact that they cause an increase in preference for and voluntary consumption of ethanol when administered into the ventricle of the rat in exceedingly low amounts. Investigation of the neurochemical effects in vivo of two of the TIQs tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) and salsolinol, indicates that they influence several aspects of presynaptic catecholamine function when examined acutely. The mechanism of action responsible for the radical long-lasting behavioral effects of these substances has yet to be defined.
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of psychotropic drugs on dopamine uptake by synaptosomes and glial cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00801784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Awazi N, Guldberg HC. Effects of tetrahydropapaveroline and salsolinol on cerebral monoamine metabolism and their interactions with psychopharmacological drugs. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1979; 306:135-46. [PMID: 450146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00498983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Pearson AG, Turner AJ. The formation of beta-carboline alkaloids mediated by serine hydroxymethyltransferase. FEBS Lett 1979; 98:96-8. [PMID: 428547 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Bringmann G. [Chemical mechanism of the effect of alcohol]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1979; 66:22-7. [PMID: 218115 DOI: 10.1007/bf00369351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of tetrahydro-isoquinoline alkaloids in human and animal metabolisms subsequent to alcohol consumption is reported. The spectrum of identified products ranges from simple structures such as salsolinol to the complicated skeleton of protoberberines. These substances, hitherto found exclusively in plants, interfere with the biosynthesis, biodegradation and neurotransmission of the structurally closely related biogenic amines from which they are formed, and thus affect the vegetative nervous system.
Collapse
|
19
|
Melchior CL, Simpson CW, Myers RD. Dopamine release within forebrain sites perfused with tetrahydroisoquinolines or tryptoline in the rat. Brain Res Bull 1978; 3:631-4. [PMID: 318185 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(78)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The localized effect of amine-aldehyde condensation products on the endogenous release of dopamine (DA) was examined in dopaminergic-rich areas of the brain. In the unanesthetized rat, dopaminergic stores were labeled by 14C-dopamine (1.0 microCi) microinjected in a volume of 1.0 microliters into the caudate nucleus, tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus accumbens or other contiguous sites within the ventral forebrain. Subsequently, each labeled site was locally perfused with an artificial CSF, by means of push-pull cannulae, at a rate of 25.0 microliters per min. Two tetrahydroisoquinolines, tetrahydropapaveroline and 4,6,7-TH-tetrahydroisoquinoline, as well as the tetrahydro-beta-carboline, tryptoline, significantly enhanced the release of 14C-DA when each alkaloid metabolite was perfused in a concentration of 250 nanograms per min. Tetrahydroisoquinoline was without effect on the local kinetics of 14C-DA, whereas salsolinol had an intermediary action on DA release. These findings suggest that an alkaloid conjugate when given in the cerebral ventricle could exert its central effects by way of a dopaminergic mechanism in the telencephalon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Melchior
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nimitkitpaisan Y, Skolnick P. Catecholamine receptors and cyclic AMP formation in the central nervous system: effects of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Life Sci 1978; 23:375-82. [PMID: 29182 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Meyerson LR, McMurtrey KD, Davis VE. Isoquinoline alkaloids. Inhibitory actions on cation-dependent ATP-phosphohydrolases. Neurochem Res 1978; 3:239-57. [PMID: 149928 DOI: 10.1007/bf00964063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of eleven different classes of isoquinoline alkaloids inhibit Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in rat brain microsomal preparations. In most cases the Na+, K+-ATPase is more sensitive than Mg2+-ATPase to inhibition by the alkaloids. The classes of alkaloids can be ranked according to potency of inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase. Protoberberines are most effective, followed in decreasing order by benzophenanthridines, benzylisoquinolines, aporphines, tetrahydroprotoberberines, pavines, protopines, isoquinolines, tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines, morphinanes, and tetrahydroisoquinolines. As specific representatives of each of the first four classes of alkaloids, berberine, sanguinarine, papaveroline and 1,2,10,11-tetrahydroxyaporphine, respectively, prove most valuable in kinetic studies because they exhibit the greatest inhibitory action on brain Na+, K+-ATPase. Kinetic analyses plotted in double reciprocal form reveal that berberine and 1,2,10,11-tetrahydroxyaporphine are simple linear competitive inhibitors with respect to ATP, whereas sanguinarine and papaveroline are simple linear noncompetitive inhibitors. These four representative alkaloids exhibit non-linear competitive inhibition with respect to Na+-activation. Additionally, these alkaloids significantly inhibit rat brain microsomal K+-activated pNPPase. The results demonstrate that certain members of several classes of isoquinoline alkaloids markedly affect various cation-dependent phosphohydrolases in vitro.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The ability of TIQs to alter the synaptic properties of catecholamines by interacting with receptor, transport, or metabolic mechanisms has been demonstrated.
Collapse
|
23
|
Myers RD, Melchior CL. Differential actions on voluntary alcohol intake of tetrahydroisoquinolines or a beta-carboline infused chronically in the ventricle of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1977; 7:381-92. [PMID: 563084 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(77)90235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
24
|
Melchior CL, Myers RD. Preference for alcohol evoked by tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) chronically infused in the cerebral ventricle of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1977; 7:19-35. [PMID: 561961 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(77)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
25
|
Myers RD, Melchior CL. Alcohol drinking: abnormal intake caused by tetrahydropapaveroline in brain. Science 1977; 196:554-6. [PMID: 557839 DOI: 10.1126/science.557839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a dopamine-dopaldehyde condensation product, was delivered directly into the cerebral ventricle of rats automatically every 15 minutes for 12 days. The animals were given access to both water and ethylalcohol, the latter being presented in 12 concentrations from 3 to 30 percent. Within 3 to 6 days of the start of the infusion of THP, the rats, which normally rejected alcohol, drank alcohol solutions in increasingly excessive amounts; this was accompanied by symptoms that were similar to those of withdrawal and intoxication. These results provide evidence that an abnormal metabolite in the brain may produce the addictive state caused by alcoholic beverages.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Meyerson LR, McMurtrey KD, Davis VE. Neuroamine-derived alkaloids: substrate-preferred inhibitors of rat brain monoamine oxidase in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 1976; 25:1013-20. [PMID: 1267846 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(76)90489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|