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Sidhu D, Vasundhara M, Dey P. Chemical characterization, pathway enrichments and bioactive potentials of catechin-producing endophytic fungi isolated from tea leaves. RSC Adv 2024; 14:33034-33047. [PMID: 39434990 PMCID: PMC11492194 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes acquire flavonoid biosynthetic genes from the host medicinal plants. Despite tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) being the major source of bioactive catechins, catechin-producing endophytic fungi have never been reported from the tea plant. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of catechin-producing endophytic fungi isolated from tea leaves, their chemical characterization, and associated bioactivities. Among the nine isolated endophytes, two (CSPL6 and CSPL5b) produced catechin (381.48 and 166.40 μg per mg extract) and epigallocatechin-o-gallate (EGCG; 484.41 and 281.99 μg per mg extract) as quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolates were identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis and Didymella sinensis based on molecular and morphological characterization. Untargeted metabolomics using gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) revealed the presence of several bioactive phytochemicals mostly belonging to tyrosols, pyridoxines, fatty acids, aminopyrimidine, and benzenetriol classes. Metabolic pathways pertaining to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), butanoate metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were highly enriched in both catechin-producing isolates. The isolates were able to differentially scavenge intracellular O2 and N2 free-radicals, but CSPL5b demonstrated relatively superior bioactivities compared to CSPL6. Both isolates stimulated the growth of various probiotic strains, indicating prebiotic effects that are otherwise known to be associated with catechins. Collectively, the current study demonstrated that fungal endophytes CSPL6 and CSPL5b, isolated from tea leaves, could be used as alternative sources of catechins, and hold promising potential in evidence-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwinder Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala Punjab 147004 India +91-9064275660 +91-8146480908
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala Punjab 147004 India +91-9064275660 +91-8146480908
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala Punjab 147004 India +91-9064275660 +91-8146480908
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Aly SH, Mahmoud AMA, Abdel Mageed SS, Khaleel EF, Badi RM, Elkaeed EB, Rasheed RA, El Hassab MA, Eldehna WM. Exploring the phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and hepatoprotective potential of Moricandia sinaica leaves against paracetamol-induced toxicity: Biological evaluations and in Silico insights. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307901. [PMID: 39383154 PMCID: PMC11463746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirteen components were identified in the methanol extract of Moricandia sinaica leaves (MSLE) through analysis utilizing HPLC-ESI-MS/MS., including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. The methanol extract of M. sinaica leaves contained total phenolics and flavonoids (59.37 ± 2.19 mg GAE/g and 38.94 ± 2.72 mg QE/g), respectively. Furthermore, it revealed in vitro antioxidant properties as determined by the DPPH and FRAP assays, with respective IC50 values of 10.22 ± 0.64 and 20.89 ± 1.25 μg/mL. The extract exhibited a notable hepatoprotective effect in rats who experienced paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. When a dose of 250 mg/kg was given, there was a 52% reduction in alanine transaminase and a 30% reduction in aspartate transaminase compared to the group with the disease. Furthermore, it demonstrated a 3.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.6-fold increase in superoxide dismutase, non-protein sulfhydryl, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively. In addition, it demonstrated a 68% decrease in lipid peroxide levels compared to the group with paracetamol-induced condition. The verification was conducted using a histological study, which identified improved liver histology with a small number of distended hepatocytes. Moreover, in silico studies focused on the enzymes NADPH oxidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase as the targets for the major compounds. In conclusion, MSLE showed promising hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities due to its richness in antioxidant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M. A. Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, King Khalid University, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Ahmed Rasheed
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Cattaneo F, Rodríguez IF, Zampini IC, Burgos-Edwards A, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Isla MI. Neltuma nigra cotyledon and seed flour: nutritional, phytochemical, and techno-functional characterization and nutraceutic potential of polyphenolic enriched extract. Food Funct 2024; 15:9446-9456. [PMID: 39189915 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Neltuma nigra seed and cotyledon flours were prepared and characterized. Both flours showed high protein and fiber content, and low carbohydrate and fat content. The major storage proteins in N. nigra flours were albumin and globulin. In addition, flours contained carotenoids and potassium as the main micronutrients. The free and bound phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids were the major phytochemical components. The phenolic enriched extracts (PEE) of both flours contained apigenin-derived C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, and isoschaftoside as the main components. The PEE from seed flour contained higher antioxidant capacity on ABTS˙+, FRAP, H2O2, O2˙- and higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than the cotyledon flour extract. Techno-functional property analyses showed better water retention capacity and emulsifying stability for cotyledon flour and better oil holding capacity and emulsifying activity for seed flour. The results suggest better biological properties and a low-cost accessibility of seed flour, and a better macronutrient balance for cotyledon flour. Therefore, both can be considered as ingredients or functional food for special foods related to the metabolic syndrome and diseases related to oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cattaneo
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), San Martín 1545-4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ivana Fabiola Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), San Martín 1545-4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), San Martín 1545-4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Campus San Lorenzo, P.O. Box 2169, Paraguay
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), San Martín 1545-4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Betlej I, Żurek N, Cebulak T, Kapusta I, Balawejder M, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Jaworski S, Lange A, Kutwin M, Krochmal-Marczak B, Kłosińska T, Nasiłowska B, Mierczyk Z, Borysiuk P. Evaluation of Chemical Profile and Biological Properties of Extracts of Different Origanum vulgare Cultivars Growing in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9417. [PMID: 39273364 PMCID: PMC11395194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This research studied the phenolic content compared with the antioxidant properties of various O. vulgare (Lamiaceae) cultivars grown in Poland. The research results in this paper indicate that the dominant ingredient in all oregano cultivars was rosmarinic acid, known for its strong antioxidant properties. The highest amounts of rosmarinic acid (87.16 ± 4.03 mg/g dm) were identified in the O. vulgare spp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw. Other metabolites identified in the studied extracts include luteolin O-di-glucuronide-O-di-pentoside (30.79 ± 0.38 mg/g dm in the 'Aureum' cultivar), 4'-O-glucopyranosyl-3', 4'-dihydroxy benzyl-protocatechuate (19.84 ± 0.60 mg/g dm in the 'Margerita' cultivar), and p-coumaroyl-triacetyl-hexoside (25.44 ± 0.18 mg/g dm in the 'Margerita' cultivar). 'Hot & spicy' and 'Margerita' cultivars were characterized by the highest activity in eliminating OH• and O2•- radicals. Extracts from Greek oregano had the highest ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and chelate iron ions. This research has also provided new evidence that oregano has anti-migratory, cytotoxic properties and influences the viability of gastric cancer cells (the highest cytotoxicity was attributed to the 'Hot & spicy' cultivar, which performed the worst in antioxidant properties tests). Extracts from the tested cultivars at a concentration of 0.625% effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. It seems that the oregano grown in Poland is of good quality and can be successfully grown on a large scale if the appropriate use is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, 1a Ćwiklińskiej St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 4/96 Tarasowa St., 20-819 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Teresa Kłosińska
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Nasiłowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Borysiuk
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Gyebi GA, Ejoh JC, Ogunyemi OM, Afolabi SO, Ibrahim IM, Anyanwu GO, Olorundare OE, Adebayo JO, Koketsu M. Cholinergic Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential of Gongronema latifolium Benth Leaf in Neurodegeneration: Experimental and In Silico Study. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01467-7. [PMID: 39120857 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of Gongronema latifolium for the management of various forms of neurological disorders has generated a lot of interest in the need to further investigate its neurotherapeutic constituents. This work, therefore, focused on assessing the inhibitory potential of selected bioactive components derived from G. latifolium against key neurotherapeutic targets and oxidant species associated with neurodegeneration using in vitro analysis and biomolecular modelling. G. latifolium methanol extract (GLME), solvent partition, chromatographic fractions (A-F) of GLME and pregnane compounds (Iloneoside and marsectohexol) derived from fraction-B with the highest activity were investigated for in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition in addition to their in vitro antioxidant activities. The interactions of iloneoside, marsectohexol, and reference drugs with human acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and β-secretase (BACE-1) were further assessed using molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, cluster analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations. The GLME and fractions inhibited the activities of both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner. Iloneoside and marsectohexol exhibited in vitro concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 19.28, 184.9 µM, respectively) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 30.75, 43.4 µM, respectively). These compounds also possess ferric ion-reducing, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical-scavenging activities. Iloneoside had the highest docking scores of -9.8, -9.9 -9.4 Kcal for AChE, BChE, and BACE1, respectively. The stability of the interaction of the bioactive compounds with the catalytic residues of the protein targets was preserved in a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Iloneoside, a rare pregnane glycoside, was identified as a neurotherapeutic constituent of G. latifolium leaf. Further studies are suggested to investigate the neurotherapeutic potential in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon A Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Joseph C Ejoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
| | - Oludare M Ogunyemi
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Joseph O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Tahmasebi A, Jamali B, Atabaki V, Sarker SD, Nahar L, Min HJ, Lee CW. A comprehensive review of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of two Iranian Rydingia species (Lamiaceae). Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106026. [PMID: 38768794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Rydingia michauxii and R. persica, respectively, known as Kase Gol and Goldar in Persian, belong to the family Lamiaceae and they are well known herbal medicine in Iran for the treatment of various diseases, particularly diabetes. This review aims to appraise the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of Rydingia species growing in Iran and assess their potential in clinical applications. Besides, it critically evaluates existing literature and looks into the perspective for further research and utilization. All available scientific literature was consulted using the database searches involving Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science applying the keyword Rydingia and its Syn; Otostegia. Only the search results that are associated with the Iranian species R. michauxii and R. persica are included in this review. α-pinene, carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, diisooctyl phthalate, dillapiole, eugenol, hexadecanoic acid, and pentacosane are the major constituents of the essential oils of the Rydingia species. Additionally, these species produce bioactive flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, and terpenoids. Extracts and active compounds from Rydingia species have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering properties. Based on the information available to date on the Iranian Rydingia species, it will be worth subjecting these species to further developmental work involving preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Plant Protection Research Group, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Babak Jamali
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahideh Atabaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Hye Jung Min
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao D, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li B, Zhou W, Wang L. Highly Accurate and Explainable Predictions of Small-Molecule Antioxidants for Eight In Vitro Assays Simultaneously through an Alternating Multitask Learning Strategy. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38888465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule antioxidants can inhibit or retard oxidation reactions and protect against free radical damage to cells, thus playing a key role in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, the environment, as well as materials. Experimentally driven antioxidant discovery is a major paradigm, and computationally assisted antioxidants are rarely reported. In this study, a functional-group-based alternating multitask self-supervised molecular representation learning method is proposed to simultaneously predict the antioxidant activities of small molecules for eight commonly used in vitro antioxidant assays. Extensive evaluation results reveal that compared with the baseline models, the multitask FG-BERT model achieves the best overall predictive performance, with the highest average F1, BA, ROC-AUC, and PRC-AUC values of 0.860, 0.880, 0.954, and 0.937 for the test sets, respectively. The Y-scrambling testing results further demonstrate that such a deep learning model was not constructed by accident and that it has reliable predictive capabilities. Additionally, the excellent interpretability of the multitask FG-BERT model makes it easy to identify key structural fragments/groups that contribute significantly to the antioxidant effect of a given molecule. Finally, an online antioxidant activity prediction platform called AOP (freely available at https://aop.idruglab.cn/) and its local version were developed based on the high-quality multitask FG-BERT model for experts and nonexperts in the field. We anticipate that it will contribute to the discovery of novel small-molecule antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duancheng Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Biaoshun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Central Laboratory of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kim M, Jee SC, Sung JS. Hepatoprotective Effects of Flavonoids against Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Oxidative Liver Damage along Its Metabolic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38397778 PMCID: PMC10886006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon primarily formed during incomplete organic matter combustion, undergoes a series of hepatic metabolic reactions once absorbed into the body. B[a]P contributes to liver damage, ranging from molecular DNA damage to the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. Specifically, B[a]P induces oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species generation within cells. Consequently, more research has focused on exploring the underlying mechanisms of B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and potential strategies to counter its hepatic toxicity. Flavonoids, natural compounds abundant in plants and renowned for their antioxidant properties, possess the ability to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals effectively. Although extensive research has investigated the antioxidant effects of flavonoids, limited research has delved into their potential in regulating B[a]P metabolism to alleviate oxidative stress. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on B[a]P-induced liver oxidative stress and examines the role of flavonoids in mitigating its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.)
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T FX, R S, A K FR, S B, R K, M A, S V, S P, S A, K S, M T. Phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. leaves: in vitro and in silico assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38180058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the chemical components of Solanum elaeagnifolium leaves and assess their therapeutic attributes with regard to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. The antidiabetic effects were explored to determine the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the leaf extract. To identify the active antidiabetic drugs from the extracts, the GC-MS-screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins using the glide module in the Schrodinger Tool. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to evaluate the binding stability of the docked complex using the Desmond module. The ethyl acetate had a significant total phenolic content (TPC), with a value of 79.04 ± 0.98 mg/g GAE. The ethanol extract was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for its bacteriostatic properties. It suppressed the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, P. vulgaris, R. equi and S. epidermis at a dosage of 118.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the IC50 values of the ethanol extract were determined to be 17.78 ± 2.38 in the α-amylase and and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/mL in α-glucosidase. The in-silico investigation revealed that cyclolaudenol achieved docking scores of -7.94 kcal/mol for α-amylase. Likewise, the α-tocopherol achieved the docking scores of -7.41 kcal/mol for glycogen phosphorylase B and -7.21 kcal/mol for phosphorylase kinase. In the MD simulations, the cyclolaudenol and α-tocopherol complexes exhibited consistently stable affinities with diabetic proteins throughout the trajectory. Based on these findings, we conclude that this plant could be a good source for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Xavier T
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabitha R
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Freeda Rose A K
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balavivekananthan S
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kariyat R
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ayyanar M
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar S
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Amalraj S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shine K
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thiruvengadam M
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Aydın Kurç M, Orak HH, Gülen D, Caliskan H, Argon M, Sabudak T. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare. Molecules 2023; 28:7177. [PMID: 37894654 PMCID: PMC10609082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkey's Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the β-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GC-MS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Aydın Kurç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hakime Hülya Orak
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Dumrul Gülen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hilmican Caliskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Merve Argon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Temine Sabudak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
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11
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Uzun SG, Altunkaynak BZ, Alkan I. The effects of myricitrin and chebulinic acid on the rat hippocampus exposed to gamma radiation: A stereological, histochemical and biochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102305. [PMID: 37442243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gamma radiation, a form of ionizing radiation, is used in many different areas, especially in the health field and in the treatment of cancer. However, gamma radiation used for therapeutic purposes also has numerous harmful effects on human health. This study was planned to investigate the impacts of exposure to gamma radiation on the hippocampal area and the preventive effects of myricitrin and chebulinic acid against that damage. MATERIAL AND METHOD Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. The control group was exposed to no treatment. The chebulinic acid and myricitrin groups were injected with the relevant drug at a dosage of 0.033 mg/kg) (vehicle; normal saline) per day. The gamma groups were placed in a plexiglass test setup with their heads positioned close to the source. The subjects were exposed to radiation with a mixed source containing radioactive Cs-137 and Co-60 isotopes obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Physics Department Nuclear Physics Laboratory for 1 h. Gamma radiation was applied 16 mGy for one hour per day for 10 days. The gamma radiation+chebulinic acid and the gamma radiation myricitrin groups also received 0.033 mg/kg per day of these drugs via injection. Immediately after the experimental procedure, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests, and perfused brain tissues were analyzed using stereological methods. RESULTS Stereological analysis showed that gamma radiation caused a decrease in the numbers of neurons in the hippocampal area (p < 0.01; One-way ANOVA) and that chebulinic acid and myricitrin reduced this decrease (p < 0.01; One-way ANOVA). Decreases in learning and memory capacity were detected in behavioural tests in rats from the Gamma group. CONCLUSION The study findings showed that that the adverse health effects of Gamma radiation can be ameliorated using myricitrin and chebulinic acid. Myricitrin was more effective in terms of cell proliferation and defence against oxidative stress than chebulinic acid, and exhibited a more neuroprotective effect. However, more detailed analyses should be performed before using either antioxidant for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Gümüş Uzun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Işınsu Alkan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
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12
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Pawłowska AM, Żurek N, Kapusta I, De Leo M, Braca A. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Phenolic Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Fruits and Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3221. [PMID: 37765385 PMCID: PMC10536983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in new sources of secondary metabolites as biologically active substances has resulted in an advanced study of many plant species. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. = Rhaphiolepis bibas (Lour.) Galasso & Banfi, Rosaceae family), an evergreen, subtropical fruit tree, native to China and Japan, but cultivated in southern countries of Europe, is a species commonly used in folk medicine and may be an excellent source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile of the phenolic constituents of E. japonica fruits and leaves originating from Tuscany (Italy), as well as their in vitro antioxidant and chemopreventive activities on human cancer cell lines breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT-29), and glioblastoma (U87MG). Results revealed that the extract of leaves displayed higher antioxidant and anticancer potential than the fruit extract and contained 25 individual phenolic compounds that have been characterized and quantified by the UPLC-PDA-MS method. The antiproliferative activity was correlated with the content of polyphenolic compounds indicating that both fruits and leaves are a good source of antioxidants and may be exploited as nutraceuticals enriching food or as components for the cosmetic/pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maria Pawłowska
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Chen G, Long J, Li H, Xu J, Yuan J, Yang Q, Feng L, Wu M, Jiang J. The Protective Effect of a Dietary Extract of Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Leaves against a High Stocking Density, Copper and Trichlorfon in Crucian Carp ( Carassius auratus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2652. [PMID: 37627443 PMCID: PMC10451522 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the protective effects of the extract of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (EML) on crucian carp (Carassius auratus) against a high stocking density, Cu exposure and trichlorfon exposure, which adversely impact fish growth performance, feed intake and fish locomotion. High stocking densities decreased the activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na+/K+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and increased the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in fish digestive organs, indicating an impairment of the digestive function and a disturbance of the antioxidant status. Cu exposure increased the activities of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in fish digestive organs, suggesting the activation of amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, trichlorfon exposure reduced the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione reductase (GR), GOT and GPT, and the capacities of the anti-superoxide anion (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in fish muscles, indicating a disruption of the bioenergetic homeostasis and antioxidant status. Our present study indicates that dietary EML supplementation relieved the detrimental effects induced by these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Jiao Long
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Huatao Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China; (G.C.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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14
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Lihavainen J, Šimura J, Bag P, Fataftah N, Robinson KM, Delhomme N, Novák O, Ljung K, Jansson S. Salicylic acid metabolism and signalling coordinate senescence initiation in aspen in nature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4288. [PMID: 37463905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes grown in same location. By integrating omics studies, we demonstrate that aspen genotypes utilize similar transcriptional cascades and metabolic cues to initiate senescence, but at different times during autumn. The timing of autumn senescence initiation appeared to be controlled by two consecutive "switches"; 1) first the environmental variation induced the rewiring of the transcriptional network, stress signalling pathways and metabolic perturbations and 2) the start of senescence process was defined by the ability of the genotype to activate and sustain stress tolerance mechanisms mediated by salicylic acid. We propose that salicylic acid represses the onset of leaf senescence in stressful natural conditions, rather than promoting it as often observed in annual plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nazeer Fataftah
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Megan Robinson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90189, Umeå, Sweden.
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15
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Ghaffar S, Abbas A, Naeem-Ul-Hassan M, Assad N, Sher M, Ullah S, Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Al Bratty M, Hanbashi A, Makeen HA, Amin HMA. Improved Photocatalytic and Antioxidant Activity of Olive Fruit Extract-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1201. [PMID: 37371931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodegradation is an efficient strategy for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Due to their distinct properties and extensive applications, semiconductor nanoparticles have emerged as promising photocatalysts. In this work, olive (Olea Europeae) fruit extract-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO@OFE NPs) were successfully biosynthesized using a one-pot sustainable method. The prepared ZnO NPs were systematically characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD and their photocatalytic and antioxidant activity was evaluated. SEM demonstrated the formation of spheroidal nanostructures (57 nm) of ZnO@OFE and the EDX analysis confirmed its composition. FTIR suggested the modification/capping of the NPs with functional groups of phytochemicals from the extract. The sharp XRD reflections revealed the crystalline nature of the pure ZnO NPs with the most stable hexagonal wurtzite phase. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under sunlight irradiation. Improved degradation efficiencies of 75% and 87% were achieved within only 180 min with photodegradation rate constant k of 0.008 and 0.013 min-1 for MB and MO, respectively. The mechanism of degradation was proposed. Additionally, ZnO@OFE NPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity against DPPH, hydroxyl, peroxide and superoxide radicals. Hence, ZnO@OFE NPs may have potential as a cost-effective and green photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ghaffar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Abbas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Ambala Muslim Graduate College Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Nasir Assad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M A Amin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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16
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Mosbah A, Khither H, Mosbah C, Slimani A, Mahrouk A, Akkal S, Nieto G. Effects of Nigella sativa Oil Fractions on Reactive Oxygen Species and Chemokine Expression in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112171. [PMID: 37299150 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND many previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of N. sativa total oil fractions, neutral lipids (NLs), glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids (PLs), and unsaponifiable (IS) in asthma patients. We therefore tested its effect on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells by observing its ability to regulate the production of glucocorticoid (GC)-insensitive chemokines in cells treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, and its antioxidative and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS the cytotoxicity of N. sativa oil fractions was assessed using an MTT assay. ASM cells were treated with TNF-α/IFN-γ for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of N. sativa oil fractions. An ELISA assay was used to determine the effect of N. sativa oil fractions on chemokine production (CCL5, CXCL-10, and CXCL-8). The scavenging effect of N. sativa oil fractions was evaluated on three reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2•-, OH•, and H2O2. RESULTS our results show that different N. sativa oil fractions used at 25 and 50 µg/mL did not affect cell viability. All fractions of N. sativa oil inhibited chemokines in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the total oil fraction showed the most significant effect of chemokine inhibition, and had the highest percentage of ROS scavenging effect. CONCLUSION these results suggest that N. sativa oil modulates the proinflammatory actions of human ASM cells by inhibiting the production of GC-insensitive chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Mosbah
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Hanane Khither
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Camélia Mosbah
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Bioactive Molecules and Biotechnological Applications, Larbi Ben M'hidi University, Oum El Bouagui 04000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Slimani
- Unit of the Valorization of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Mahrouk
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Salah Akkal
- Unit of the Valorization of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physicochemical and Biological Analysis, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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17
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Effect of Different Genotypes and Harvest Times of Sage (Salvia spp. Labiatae) on Lipid Oxidation of Cooked Meat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030616. [PMID: 36978863 PMCID: PMC10045671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is the primary non-microbial reason for quality deterioration of meat and meat products. Lipid oxidation can be prevented or delayed by antioxidants. In this study, 15 sage (Salvia spp. Labiatae) extracts (five genotypes, three harvest times) were tested for their ability to reduce lipid oxidation (peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in ground, uncured, cooked porcine and bovine meat (60%/40% mixture) during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Additionally, total phenolic content was determined, and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured as radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay), reducing power, and superoxide anion scavenging activity. All 15 sage extracts were able to reduce lipid oxidation, though showing expected differences depending on genotype and harvest time. The extracts of S. officinalis accession from Foggia, Italy performed better than the other genotypes when looking at the entire storage period and considering both PV and TBARS. Of the applied methods for determining antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion scavenging activity proved to be the best determinant of the ability of sage to reduce lipid oxidation in the meat sample.
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18
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Tejeda C, Villegas M, Steuer P, Ulloa F, Iranzo EC, Reyes-Jara A, Salgado M. Experimental evidence of the anti-bacterial activity pathway of copper ion treatment on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:407-413. [PMID: 36572823 PMCID: PMC9943822 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper causes significant damage to the integrity of many bacteria, mainly at the DNA level, through its redox states, as well as its reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacity at the cellular level. But whether these mechanisms also apply to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is unknown. In the present study, we have evaluated whether copper ions produce damage at the DNA level of MAP, either through their redox states or through ROS production. MAP-spiked PBS was first supplemented with different copper chelators (2) and ROS antioxidants (3), followed by treatment with copper ions at 942 ppm. MAP DNA integrity (qPCR, magnetic phage separation) was then evaluated. We found that bathocuproine (BCS), as a chelator, and D-mannitol, as an antioxidant of hydroxyl radicals, had a significant protective effect (P < 0.05) on DNA molecules, and that EDTA, as a chelator, and D-mannitol, as an antioxidant had a significant positive effect (P < 0.05) on the viability of this pathogen in contrast to the control and other chelators and anti-oxidants used. In light of the reported findings, it may be concluded that copper ions within MAP cells are directly related to MAP DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tejeda
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcela Villegas
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Steuer
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Ulloa
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Esperanza C Iranzo
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angelica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición Y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Salgado
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Chemical Profiling, Bioactive Properties, and Anticancer and Antimicrobial Potential of Juglans regia L. Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041989. [PMID: 36838977 PMCID: PMC9966981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the biological potential of the polyphenolic fraction isolated from J. regia leaves, collected in the Subcarpathian region (Poland). The phenolic profile was determined using the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS method. Biological activity was determined by evaluating the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Prior to this study, the purified polyphenolic fraction was not been tested in this regard. A total of 40 phenolic compounds (104.28 mg/g dw) were identified, with quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin pentosides dominating. The preparation was characterized by a high ability to chelate iron ions and capture O2•- and OH• radicals (reaching IC50 values of 388.61, 67.78 and 193.29 µg/mL, respectively). As for the anticancer activity, among the six tested cell lines, the preparation reduced the viability of the DLD-1, Caco-2, and MCF-7 lines the most, while in the antibacterial activity, among the seven tested strains, the highest susceptibility has been demonstrated against K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus. Depending on the needs, such a preparation can be widely used in the design of functional food and/or the cosmetics industry.
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Feature Selection for the Interpretation of Antioxidant Mechanisms in Plant Phenolics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031454. [PMID: 36771125 PMCID: PMC9921549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants, represented by plant phenolics, protect living tissues by scavenging reactive oxygen species through diverse reaction mechanisms. Research on antioxidants is often individualized, for example, focusing on the evaluation of their activity against a single reactive oxygen species or examining the antioxidant properties of compounds with similar structures. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to comprehensively examine antioxidant properties. Eighteen features were selected to explain the results of the antioxidant capacity tests. These selected features were then evaluated by supervised learning, using the results of the antioxidant capacity assays. Dimension-reduction techniques were also used to represent the compound space with antioxidants as a two-dimensional distribution. A small amount of data obtained from several assays provided us with comprehensive information on the relationships between the structures and activities of antioxidants.
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Luo D, Wang Z. Study on extraction optimization, structure features, and bioactivities of an Oudemansiella raphanipies polysaccharide. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang Z, Luo D. Extraction optimization, structure features, and bioactivities of two polysaccharides from Corydalis decumbens. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284413. [PMID: 37053219 PMCID: PMC10101462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two polysaccharides (CPS1 and CPW2) from Corydalis decumbens were obtained to develop insights into natural medical resources. Optimal extraction conditions of total sugars were researched using the method of response surface methodology, polysaccharides were purified using a combination of ethanol precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography, and structure features were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Congo-red assay. The bioactivities were estimated in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Total sugars were extracted with an experimental yield of 32.74% under optimum conditions. CPS1 and CPW2 were purified with yields of 12.01% and 8.23%, respectively. CPS1 was a unique polysaccharide with a molecular weight (Mw) of 360 kDa and consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, and arabinose in a ratio of 4.9:2.0:1:1.9, and CPW2 was composed of glucose with the Mw of 550 kDa. CPS1 possessed a four-helix conformation, and CPW2 was identified as a linear molecule without branched and entangled chains. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α (71.80%), IL-1β (56.55%), IL-6 (43.98%), and COX-2 (91.88%) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were significantly inhibited by 75 μg/mL CPS1 (P < 0.0001), while CPW2 showed lower inhibitory effects than CPS1. Compared with CPW2, CPS1 showed stronger scavenging abilities for hydroxyl (EC50 = 520.46 μg/mL), ABTS (EC50 = 533.99 μg/mL), and superoxide (EC50 = 1512.06 μg/mL) radicals. CPS1 with four-helix conformation exhibited more outstanding bioactivities than CPW2 without entangled chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianhui Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Yang MH, Lu YS, Ho TC, Shen DHY, Huang YF, Chuang KP, Yuan CH, Tyan YC. Utilizing Proteomic Approach to Analyze Potential Antioxidant Proteins in Plant against Irradiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122498. [PMID: 36552706 PMCID: PMC9774815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-ray irradiation is an effective and clean method of sterilization by inactivating microorganisms. It can also be applied to induce anti-oxidants for future application. In this study, the mung bean (Vigna radiata) was exposed to gamma-ray irradiation under the dose of 0, 5 or 10 kGy. With increasing irradiation doses, the concentrations of malondiadehyde decreased while the levels of total flavonoids and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity increased. It has been shown that consuming flavonoids can provide protective effects. In addition, proteomic analysis identified several proteins having anti-oxidant activities in the 5 kGy irradiated group. These proteins are Apocytochrome f, Systemin receptor SR 160, DELLA protein DWARF8, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 9, ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), and Floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS. Our findings indicate that plants contain a variety of phytochemicals and antioxidant proteins which may effectively prevent oxidative stress caused by irradiated peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Office of Safety, Health and Environment, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Hueng-Yuan Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fong Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hui Yuan
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Mesquita PG, de Araujo LM, Neves FDAR, Borin MDF. Metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Bauhinia variegata exhibit antioxidant activity and agonist activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α, β/δ and γ. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1049690. [PMID: 37746194 PMCID: PMC10512301 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1049690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide and is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) improve insulin sensitization and glucose homeostasis mediated by the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, their use is associated with severe adverse effects such as loss of bone mass, retention of body fluids, liver and heart problems, and increased risk of bladder cancer. Partial PPARγ agonists can promote the beneficial effects of thiazolidinediones with fewer adverse effects. Endophytic fungi colonize plant tissues and have a particularly active metabolism caused by the interaction with them, which leads to the production of natural products with significant biological effects that may be like that of the colonized plant. Here, we identify seven endophytic fungi isolated from Bauhinia variegata leaves that have antioxidant activities. Also, one of the extracts presented pan-agonist activity on PPAR, and another showed activity in PPARα and PPARβ/δ. A better understanding of this relationship could help to comprehend the mechanism of action of antioxidants in treating diabetes and its complications. Moreover, compounds with these capabilities to reduce oxidative stress and activate the receptor that promotes glucose homeostasis are promising candidates in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria de Fátima Borin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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25
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants-A Critical Review on In Vitro Antioxidant Assays. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122388. [PMID: 36552596 PMCID: PMC9774584 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have been widely studied in the fields of biology, medicine, food, and nutrition sciences. There has been extensive work on developing assays for foods and biological systems. The scientific communities have well-accepted the effectiveness of endogenous antioxidants generated in the body. However, the health efficacy and the possible action of exogenous dietary antioxidants are still questionable. This may be attributed to several factors, including a lack of basic understanding of the interaction of exogenous antioxidants in the body, the lack of agreement of the different antioxidant assays, and the lack of specificity of the assays, which leads to an inability to relate specific dietary antioxidants to health outcomes. Hence, there is significant doubt regarding the relationship between dietary antioxidants to human health. In this review, we documented the variations in the current methodologies, their mechanisms, and the highly varying values for six common food substrates (fruits, vegetables, processed foods, grains, legumes, milk, and dairy-related products). Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the antioxidant assays and examine the challenges in correlating the antioxidant activity of foods to human health.
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Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and concomitant apoptosis induction via ROS-mediated ER stress is efficaciously counteracted by epigallocatechin gallate. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109134. [PMID: 36028100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI) is a life-threatening condition responsible for approximately 19-58% of AKI cases worldwide. We performed an intramuscular injection of glycerol (10 mL/kg) in male wistar rats to induce AKI. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was administered for 3 consecutive days to evaluate its protective effects. We observed significant downregulation in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and LDH at different time points on EGCG treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, H&E staining also revealed that EGCG was able to reduce the formation of damaged tubules and tubular necrosis which was prominently spread throughout the kidney tissue of glycerol treatment group. Concomitantly, we observed upregulated inflammation, ER stress and elevated oxidative stress in the glycerol treated group only, which was significantly normalized upon EGCG treatment in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The occurrence of apoptosis in kidney tubules was found to be relatively higher in glycerol treated group and H2O2 treated HEK-293 cells. The results obtained after EGCG treatment revealed a significant decrease in apoptotic cell population, which was further validated by immunofluorescence staining against p53 and comet assay in HEK-293 cells and p53 IHC in kidney tissues. Western blotting also revealed a systemic downregulation of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway markers such as bax, bcl-2, pro and cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9 and PARP1. Additionally, the results for flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay corroborated apoptotic equilibrium. Conclusively, we reckon EGCG as a multi-therapeutic natural product that can be used the for treatment of AKI.
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Singh V, Singh N, Verma M, Kamal R, Tiwari R, Sanjay Chivate M, Rai SN, Kumar A, Singh A, Singh MP, Vamanu E, Mishra V. Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122375. [PMID: 36552581 PMCID: PMC9774749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Manisha Verma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Kamal
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ritesh Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Mahesh Sanjay Chivate
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, India
| | - Mohan P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (V.M.)
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Christodoulou MC, Orellana Palacios JC, Hesami G, Jafarzadeh S, Lorenzo JM, Domínguez R, Moreno A, Hadidi M. Spectrophotometric Methods for Measurement of Antioxidant Activity in Food and Pharmaceuticals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2213. [PMID: 36358583 PMCID: PMC9686769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of antioxidants in food and pharmaceuticals due to their association with beneficial health effects against numerous oxidative-related human diseases. The antioxidant potential can be measured by various assays with specific mechanisms of action, including hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer, and targeted scavenging activities. Understanding the chemistry of mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of the methods is critical for the proper selection of techniques for the valid assessment of antioxidant activity in specific samples or conditions. There are various analytical techniques available for determining the antioxidant activity of biological samples, including food and plant extracts. The different methods are categorized into three main groups, such as spectrometry, chromatography, and electrochemistry techniques. Among these assays, spectrophotometric methods are considered the most common analytical technique for the determination of the antioxidant potential due to their sensitivity, rapidness, low cost, and reproducibility. This review covers the mechanism of actions and color changes that occur in each method. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of spectrophotometric methods are described and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose C. Orellana Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Golnaz Hesami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran St., Sanandaj P.O. Box 618, Iran
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Taxifolin Reduces Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Male Wistar Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:29-32. [PMID: 36437314 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats aged 10 months were assigned to groups according to the initial level of systolic BP: hypertensive (systolic BP >115 mm Hg) and normotensive (systolic BP <115 mm Hg). The animals were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg taxifolin daily for 7 days. Systolic BP and HR were measured on the next day after single taxifolin administration and on the next day after 7-day injection course. In the group of hypertensive animals, systolic BP markedly decreased on the next day after the first injection; this decrease became even more pronounced (to the level of normotensive animals) at the end of the taxifolin course. In the group of normotensive animals, systolic BP remained unchanged. Hence, we demonstrate the possibility of course administration of taxifolin for BP normalization in hypertensive patients.
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Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of Juglans regia L. Pollen. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102046. [PMID: 36290769 PMCID: PMC9598064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen is one of the major by-products of the walnut tree, yet it is poorly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant, anticancer potential, and polyphenol profile of pollen obtained from male Juglans regia flowers. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified in Juglans regia pollen and all of them were reported for the first time for this raw material. The content of polyphenols was 408.03 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) and the most abundant components were quercetin 3-O-sophoroside and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside. The concentration of these compounds, as well as the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, strongly determined the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Juglans regia pollen. Antioxidant action using the ABTS and CUPRAC methods had the values of 3.35 and 0.32 mmol TE/g dw, respectively. In turn, in the tests of chelating ability of ferrous ion, O2•− and OH− radical scavenging activity, of which the results were expressed as IC50, the values were equal to 335.01, 459.31, and 92.89 µg/mL, respectively. Among the six cancer cell lines, the strongest effect was demonstrated for Caco-2 (140.65 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (140.98 µg/mL) cells. The results provide valuable and previously unpublished data on the polyphenol composition and biological potential of Juglans regia pollen.
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31
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Özacar ZZ, Atiroğlu A, Atiroğlu V, Güy N, Özacar M. Identification and antioxidant activity of natural functional microstructures produced with various neutral chemicals and bovine serum albumin. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alshehri A, Ahmad A, Tiwari RK, Ahmad I, Alkhathami AG, Alshahrani MY, Asiri MA, Almeleebia TM, Saeed M, Yadav DK, Ansari IA. In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Adenium obesum. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847534. [PMID: 35928278 PMCID: PMC9343940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenium obesum commonly known as “desert rose” belongs to the family Apopcynaceae and has previously been reported for its anti-influenza, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic efficacies and well-known for their ethno-medicinal applications. In the present study, ethanolic extracts of A. obesum (AOE) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify the important phytochemical compounds. The GC–MS analysis of AOE detected the presence of 26 phytochemical compounds. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. In this report, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of ethanolic leaf extract from A. obesum (AOE) were studied. The antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of AOE was examined by different antioxidant assays, such as antioxidant capacity by the DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The antioxidant activities of various reaction mixtures of AOE were compared with a reference or standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). In addition, we also evaluated the anticancer activity of AOE, and it was observed that AOE was found to be cytotoxic against A549 lung cancer cells. It was found that AOE inhibited the viability of A549 lung cancer cells by inducing nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Furthermore, ethanolic AOE demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of AOE in murine alveolar macrophages (J774A.1) as an in vitro model system. AOE showed its potential in reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators including the proinflammatory cytokines and TNF-α. The results obtained in the present investigation established the antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory potency of AOE, which may account for subsequent studies in the formulation of herbal-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alshehri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afza Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Luknow, India
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali G. Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Irfan Ahmad Ansari, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav,
| | - Irfan Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Luknow, India
- *Correspondence: Irfan Ahmad Ansari, ; Dharmendra Kumar Yadav,
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Synthesis of Cu(II)-Caffeine Complex as Potential Therapeutic Agent: Studies on Antioxidant, Anticancer and Pharmacological Activities. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Saleh SR, Manaa A, Sheta E, Ghareeb DA, Abd-Elmonem NM. The Synergetic Effect of Egyptian Portulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) and Cichorium intybus L. (Chicory) Extracts against Glucocorticoid-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats through Attenuation of Oxidative Reactions and Autophagy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071272. [PMID: 35883763 PMCID: PMC9311541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term glucocorticoids can alter sperm motility, vitality, or morphology, disrupting male reproductive function. This study scrutinized the synergistic benefits of two Egyptian plants against dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced testicular and autophagy dysfunction in male rats. Phytochemical ingredients and the combination index were estimated for Purslane ethanolic extract (PEE) and Chicory water extract (CWE). Four control groups received saline and 100 mg/kg of each PEE, CWE, and PEE/CWE, daily for 8 weeks. Dexa (1 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks) induced infertility where PEE, CWE, and PEE/CWE were given. Seminal analysis, male hormones, glycemic and oxidative stress markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (Sigma 1R and GRP78), and autophagy regulators (Phospho-mTOR, LC3I/II, PI3KC3, and Beclin-1, P62, ATG5, and ATG7) were measured. The in vitro study illustrated the synergistic (CI < 1) antioxidant capacity of the PEE/CWE combination. Dexa exerts testicular damage by inducing oxidative reactions, a marked reduction in serum testosterone, TSH and LH levels, insulin resistance, ER stress, and autophagy. In contrast, the PEE and CWE extracts improve fertility hormones, sperm motility, and testicular histological alterations through attenuating oxidative stress and autophagy, with a synergistic effect upon combination. In conclusion, the administration of PEE/CWE has promised ameliorative impacts on male infertility and can delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R. Saleh
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (A.M.); (D.A.G.); (N.M.A.-E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-122-573-2849; Fax: +2-(03)-391-1794
| | - Ashraf Manaa
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (A.M.); (D.A.G.); (N.M.A.-E.)
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt;
| | - Doaa A. Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (A.M.); (D.A.G.); (N.M.A.-E.)
| | - Nihad M. Abd-Elmonem
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt; (A.M.); (D.A.G.); (N.M.A.-E.)
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Chinnapun D, Sakorn N. Structural characterization and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of new chemical constituent from the seeds of bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2087741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natee Sakorn
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Lata D, Homa F, Nayyer MA, Kumar A, Aftab MA, Siddiqui MW. Effect of postharvest hydrogen sulphide on lignification and biochemical markers of pointed gourd. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:704-710. [PMID: 35174603 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) has emerged as a gasotransmitter molecule that modulates several physiological functions in plants, specially, different biotic and abiotic stresses. Pointed gourd (PG) fruits start losing their soft texture and appealing colour within 2-3 days of harvest, resulting in poor marketability and shelf life. Here, the effect of exogenous H2 S (1 and 2 mm) application on lignification and other biochemical markers linked to ripening, shelf-life and edible quality of PG was assessed during cold (12 °C, 85-90% RH) and ambient (27 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 5% RH) storage. The synergistic effect of H2 S was recorded during simulated storage at ambient conditions. Postharvest H2 S treatment (1 mm) effectively delayed yellowing and chlorophyll loss (four-fold reduction) and maintained the phenolic content and higher antioxidant activity (36%). The H2 S-treated PG fruits had significantly lower lignification and membrane permeability i.e. 15% and 13%, respectively, than control samples. H2 S-treated fruit also maintained higher PAL and lower PPO activity. Therefore, postharvest application of H2 S (2 mm) could be effective in maintaining postharvest quality of PG fruits and extending the marketing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lata
- ICAR-IIHR, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - F Homa
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India
| | - M A Nayyer
- IIAST, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India
| | - M A Aftab
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India
| | - M W Siddiqui
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar, India
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Yang R, Zhang B, Xu Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhang D, Zhang W, Chen T, Liu G. Genomic insights revealed the environmental adaptability of Planococcus halotolerans Y50 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Gene 2022; 823:146368. [PMID: 35240255 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau niche provides unprecedented opportunities to find microbes that are functional and commercial significance. The present study investigated the physiological and genomic characteristics of Planococcus halotolerans Y50 that was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil sample from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it displayed psychrotolerant, antiradiation, and oil-degraded characteristics. Whole genome sequencing indicated that strain Y50 has a 3.52 Mb genome and 44.7% G + C content, and it possesses 3377 CDSs. The presence of a wide range of UV damage repair genes uvrX and uvsE, DNA repair genes radA and recN, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin and dioxygenase genes provided the genomic basis for the adaptation of the plateau environment polluted by petroleum. Related experiments also verified that the Y50 strain could degrade n-alkanes from C11-C23, and approximately 30% of the total petroleum at 25 °C within 7 days. Meanwhile, strain Y50 could withstand 5 × 103 J/m2 UVC and 10 KGy gamma ray radiation, and it had strong antioxidant and high radical scavengers for superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and DPPH. In addition, pan-genome analysis and horizontal gene transfers revealed that strains with different niches have obtained various genes through horizontal gene transfer in the process of evolution, and the more similar their geographical locations, the more similar their members are genetically and ecologically. In conclusion, P. halotolerans Y50 possesses high potential of applications in the bioremediation of alpine hydrocarbons contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Yang
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
| | - Yeteng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Żurek N, Pawłowska A, Pycia K, Grabek-Lejko D, Kapusta IT. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activity of Juglans regia L. Male Flowers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092762. [PMID: 35566113 PMCID: PMC9101975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia L., walnut, is a large, long-living tree, cultivated in temperate climates around the world. It is highly appreciated for its nutritional kernels and high-quality timber. Its barks, leaves, and husk are used as dyes and in folk medicine as herbal remedies for several diseases. From a biological and chemical standpoint, relatively little is known about the male flowers of the tree. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the phenolic profile as well as in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity of male Juglans regia L. flowers. Phenolic content was determined by UPLC/PDA/MS/MS analyses; antioxidant activity was assessed by five different methods; antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the six most common pathogenic strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and antiproliferative properties were assessed against six cell lines. Most of the analyses carried out in this study were performed for the first time for this raw material. J. regia flower extract was characterized by a strong ability to scavenge DPPH˙ free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and chelating metal ions. Among the examined bacterial strains and neoplastic lines, the strongest antimicrobial activity was shown against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and B. cereus, and cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, glioblastoma, and astrocytoma cells. Male J. regia flowers have also been found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds. The content of polyphenols in the extract was 4369.73 mg/100 g d.w., and 24 compounds from the group of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and juglunosides were identified. Additionally, a strong correlation between the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity was observed. This is why the tested J. regia flowers are an excellent source of effective natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and chemopreventive compounds that have potential to be used in the pharmaceutical or food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Żurek
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Pawłowska
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Karolina Pycia
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Grabek-Lejko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-785-5238
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Karmanyaraj Singh Yadav, Samal RR, Sahgal A, Kumar S. Indigenous Plants Demonstrating Effective Antioxidant Properties. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han W, Cao K, Diao S, Sun P, Li H, Mai Y, Suo Y, Fu J. Characterization of browning during CO2 deastringency treatment in astringent persimmon fruit. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDeastringency treatment with CO2 is an effective and convenient method for improving the marketability of persimmon fruit. However, the main persimmon cultivars in China turn brown very quickly following exposure to a high-CO2 atmosphere, causing significant economic loss. However, the mechanisms of persimmon browning under CO2 treatment remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated components and enzymes related to persimmon fruit browning. The results revealed that astringency was alleviated by simultaneous reduction of soluble tannin content and accumulation of insoluble tannin. During persimmon browning, fruit firmness, total phenolic content, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity decreased significantly, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased significantly, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants cannot effectively maintain redox reaction balance to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage during CO2 treatment. An untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 19 polyhydroxyphenols that were downregulated in CO2-treated fruit, suggesting that phenolics may act as a substrate for persimmon browning. We also identified 11 metabolites associated with abiotic stress. Together, these results study provide valuable information on the mechanism of persimmon fruit browning induced by CO2 treatment and will contribute to the ongoing development of the persimmon fruit industry.
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Caesalpinia crista Seeds Mediated Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baliyan S, Mukherjee R, Priyadarshini A, Vibhuti A, Gupta A, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041326. [PMID: 35209118 PMCID: PMC8878429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of F. religiosa might be beneficial in inflammatory illnesses and can be used for a variety of health conditions. In this article, we studied the identification of antioxidants using (DPPH) 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity in Ficus religiosa, as F. religiosa is an important herbal plant, and every part of it has various medicinal properties such as antibacterial properties that can be used by the researchers in the development and design of various new drugs. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a popular, quick, easy, and affordable approach for the measurement of antioxidant properties that includes the use of the free radicals used for assessing the potential of substances to serve as hydrogen providers or free-radical scavengers (FRS). The technique of DPPH testing is associated with the elimination of DPPH, which would be a stabilized free radical. The free-radical DPPH interacts with an odd electron to yield a strong absorbance at 517 nm, i.e., a purple hue. An FRS antioxidant, for example, reacts to DPPH to form DPPHH, which has a lower absorbance than DPPH because of the lower amount of hydrogen. It is radical in comparison to the DPPH-H form, because it causes decolorization, or a yellow hue, as the number of electrons absorbed increases. Decolorization affects the lowering capacity significantly. As soon as the DPPH solutions are combined with the hydrogen atom source, the lower state of diphenylpicrylhydrazine is formed, shedding its violet color. To explain the processes behind the DPPH tests, as well as their applicability to Ficus religiosa (F. religiosa) in the manufacture of metal oxide nanoparticles, in particular MgO, and their influence on antioxidants, a specimen from the test was chosen for further study. According to our findings, F. religiosa has antioxidant qualities and may be useful in the treatment of disorders caused by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddartha Baliyan
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Archana Gupta
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.P.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (R.P.P.); (C.-M.C.)
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Souid I, Korchef A, Souid S. In silico evaluation of Vitis amurensis Rupr. polyphenol compounds for their inhibition potency against CoVID-19 main enzymes Mpro and RdRp. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:570-584. [PMID: 35250347 PMCID: PMC8883852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid transmission of the pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged as an entire worldwide health concern and it was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a consequence of the increasing reported infections number. COVID-19 disease is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, and unfortunatly no drugs are currently approved against this desease. Accordingly, it is of outmost importance to review the possible therapeutic effects of naturally-occuring compounds that showed approved antiviral activities. The molecular docking approach offers a rapid prediction of a possible inhibition of the main enzymes Mpro and RdRp that play crucial role in the SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription. In the present work, we review the anti-viral activities of polyphenol compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and stilbene) derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal Vitis amurensis. Recent molecular docking studies reported the possible binding of these polyphenols on SARS-CoV-2 enzymes Mpro and RdRp active sites and showed interesting inhibitory effects. This antiviral activity was explained by the structure-activity relationships of the studied compounds. Also, pharmacokinetic analysis of the studied molecules is simulated in the present work. Among the studied polyphenol compounds, only five, namely caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, naringenin and catechin have drug-likeness characteristics. These five polyphenols derived from Vitis amurensis are promising drug candidates for the COVID-19 treatment.
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Ungur RA, Borda IM, Codea RA, Ciortea VM, Năsui BA, Muste S, Sarpataky O, Filip M, Irsay L, Crăciun EC, Căinap S, Jivănescu DB, Pop AL, Singurean VE, Crișan M, Groza OB, Martiș (Petruț) GS. A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Sambucus nigra L. Reduced Lipid Peroxidation in a Rat Experimental Model of Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:772. [PMID: 35160718 PMCID: PMC8837157 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of gentamicin (GM) is limited due to its nephrotoxicity mediated by oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a flavonoid-rich extract of Sambucus nigra L. elderflower (SN) to inhibit lipoperoxidation in GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The HPLC analysis of the SN extract recorded high contents of rutin (463.2 ± 0.0 mg mL-1), epicatechin (9.0 ± 1.1 µg mL-1), and ferulic (1.5 ± 0.3 µg mL-1) and caffeic acid (3.6 ± 0.1 µg mL-1). Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomized into four groups: a control group (C) (no treatment), GM group (100 mg kg-1 bw day-1 GM), GM+SN group (100 mg kg-1 bw day-1 GM and 1 mL SN extract day-1), and SN group (1 mL SN extract day-1). Lipid peroxidation, evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes activity-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-were recorded in renal tissue after ten days of experimental treatment. The MDA level was significantly higher in the GM group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), and was significantly reduced by SN in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p = 0.021). SN extract failed to improve SOD, CAT, and GPX activity in the GM+SN group compared to the GM group (p > 0.05), and its action was most probably due to the ability of flavonoids (rutin, epicatechin) and ferulic and caffeic acids to inhibit synthesis and neutralize reactive species, to reduce the redox-active iron pool, and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In this study, we propose an innovative method for counteracting GM nephrotoxicity with a high efficiency and low cost, but with the disadvantage of the multifactorial environmental variability of the content of SN extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Ana Ungur
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Răzvan Andrei Codea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Viorela Mihaela Ciortea
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Bogdana Adriana Năsui
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sevastița Muste
- Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (G.S.M.)
| | - Orsolya Sarpataky
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăștur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Miuța Filip
- Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laszlo Irsay
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.U.); (V.M.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Elena Cristina Crăciun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simona Căinap
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Delia Bunea Jivănescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, Nutrition, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Victoria Emilia Singurean
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Oana Bianca Groza
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.E.S.); (M.C.); (O.B.G.)
| | - Georgiana Smaranda Martiș (Petruț)
- Food Engineering Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 64 Calea Floresti, 400509 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.M.); (G.S.M.)
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Sarkar C, Chaudhary P, Jamaddar S, Janmeda P, Mondal M, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Redox Activity of Flavonoids: Impact on Human Health, Therapeutics, and Chemical Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:140-162. [PMID: 35045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of presently used therapies is a problem in overall redox-based management, which is posing a significant financial burden on communities across the world. As a result, sophisticated treatment models that provide notions of predictive diagnoses followed by targeted preventive therapies adapted to individual patient profiles are gaining global acclaim as being beneficial to patients, the healthcare sector, and society as a whole. In this context, natural flavonoids were considered due to their multifaceted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as their low toxicity and ease of availability. The aim of this review is to focus on the capacity of flavonoids to modulate the responsiveness of various diseases and ailments associated with redox toxicity. The review will also focus on the flavonoids' pathway-based redox activity and the advancement of redox-based therapies as well as flavonoids' antioxidant characteristics and their influence on human health, therapeutics, and chemical safety. Research findings indicated that flavonoids significantly exhibit various redox-based therapeutic responses against several diseases such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases and various types of cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription system, suppressing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκB kinase inflammatory pathway, abrogating the function of the Hsp90/Hsf1 complex, inhibiting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Some flavonoids, especially genistein, apigenin, amentoflavone, baicalein, quercetin, licochalcone A, and biochanin A, play a potential role in redox regulation. Conclusions of this review on the antioxidant aspects of flavonoids highlight the medicinal and folk values of these compounds against oxidative stress and various diseases and ailments. In short, treatment with flavonoids could be a novel therapeutic invention in clinical trials, as we hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
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Optimization of Soybean Meal Fermentation for Aqua-Feed with Bacillus subtilis natto Using the Response Surface Methodology. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Bacillus subtilis natto (B. s. natto) to overcome the limitations of SBM usage in aquafeed. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to explore the relationships of fermentation conditions, such as temperature, time, water-substrate ratio, and layer thickness, on the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH) and the crude protein (CP) content. The optimum conditions for achieving the higher DH (15.96%) and CP (55.76%) were 43.82 °C, 62.32 h, 1.08 of water-substrate ratio, and a layer thickness of 2.02 cm. CP and DH in the fermented soybean meal (FSM) increased by 9.8% and 177.1%, respectively, and crude fiber decreased by 14.1% compared to SBM. The protein dispersibility index (PDI) decreased by 29.8%, while KOH protein solubility (KPS) was significantly increased by 17.4%. Flavonoids and total phenolic acid content in FSM were increased by 231.0% and 309.4%, respectively. Neutral protease activity (NPA) also reached a high level (1723.6 U g−1). Total essential amino acids (EAA) in FSM increased by 12.2%, higher than the 10.8% increase of total non-essential amino acids (NEAA), while the total free amino acids content was 12.76 times higher than that of SBM. Major anti-nutritional factors in SBM were significantly reduced during the process, and almost all SBM protein macromolecules were decomposed. Together with the cost-effectiveness of SSF, B. s. natto-fermented SBM products have great potential to improve the plant composition and replace high-cost ingredients in aquafeed, contributing to food security and environmental sustainability.
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Donga S, Chanda S. Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mangifera indica seed aqueous extract and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential (3-in-1 system). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:292-302. [PMID: 33733973 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1899193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the utilisation of fruit waste is attempted in the present investigation. Mangifera indica seed aqueous extract was utilised for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The phytoconstituents in the seed acted as reducing and stabilising agent for AgNP formation. UV-Vis, Zeta potential, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SAED, EDX analysis were used to characterise the green synthesised AgNPs. UV-vis spectra showed characteristic spectra at 450 nm; XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature while TEM revealed the shape to be round and average size was 26.85 nm. FT-IR revealed functional groups like alcohol or phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, alkyl halides and alkynes which were responsible for AgNP formation. The nanoparticles showed more antibacterial activity than antifungal activity and antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative bacteria was more than Gram-positive bacteria. Dose dependent antioxidant activity (DPPH, SO and ABTS) and dose dependent cytotoxic effect against HeLa, MCF-7 and normal fibroblast cell lines was envisaged. The green synthesised AgNPs exhibited three different bioactivities (3-in-1 system) i.e. dose dependent antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Fruit waste can be successfully utilised for silver nanoparticles formation which can be therapeutically useful and effective.[Figure: see text]HighlightsSilver nanoparticles were synthesised from M. indica fruit waste i.e. seedCharacterisation by spectroscopic techniques: UV-Vis, Zeta, FTIR, XRD, SAED, EDX and TEM analysis.Silver nanoparticles were 26.85 nm in size and round in shapeAntimicrobial activity against 14 microorganismsAntioxidant activity in terms of DPPH, SO and ABTSCytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7 and Fibroblast normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savan Donga
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Sumitra Chanda
- Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
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A flavonoid, quercetin, is capable of enhancing long-term memory formation if encountered at different times in the learning, memory formation, and memory recall continuum. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 208:253-265. [PMID: 34820709 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major extrinsic factor influencing memory and neuro-cognitive performances across taxa is diet. Studies from vertebrates have shown the effects of a flavonoid rich diet on cognitive performance, but the mechanism underlying this action is still poorly understood. A common and abundant flavonoid present in numerous food substances is quercetin (Q). The present study provides the first support for Q-modulated enhancement of cognitive function in an invertebrate model, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, after an operant conditioning procedure. We found that when snails were exposed to Q 3 h before or after a single 0.5 h training session, which typically results in memory lasting ~ 3 h, they formed a long-term memory (LTM) lasting for at least 24 h. Additionally, we assessed the effects of the combined presentation of a single reinforcing stimulus (at 24 h post-training or 24 h before training) and Q-exposure on both LTM formation and reconsolidation. That is, when applied within 3 h of critical periods of memory, Q regulates four different phases: (1) acquisition (i.e., a learning event), (2) consolidation processes after acquisition, (3) memory recall, and (4) memory reconsolidation. In all these phases Q-exposure enhanced LTM persistence.
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Effect of Yellow Wine Lees Supplementation on Milk Antioxidant Capacity and Hematological Parameters in Lactating Cows under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092643. [PMID: 34573609 PMCID: PMC8468981 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The yellow wine lees (YWL), a byproduct of the yellow wine brewing industry which contain high levels of crude protein and anti-oxidative substrates can be a suitable ingredient in dairy rations. Total mixed rations (TMR) containing unfermented/fermented YWL were greater in total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations. Feeding lactating cows under heat stress with TMR containing unfermented or fermented YWL mix can reduce their inflammation response and oxidative stress, as well as improve fatty acid quality and oxidative stability of their milk. Abstract Fifteen multiparous lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square Design to evaluate the effect of total mixed rations (TMR) containing unfermented and fermented yellow wine lees (YWL) on the oxidative status of heat-stressed lactating cows and the oxidative stability of the milk and milk fatty acids they produced. Cows were fed with three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets as follows: (1) TMR containing 18% soybean meal, (2) TMR containing 11% unfermented YWL (UM), and (3) TMR containing 11% fermented YWL (FM). The rectal temperature (at 1300 h) and respiratory rate were higher in control cows than in cows fed UM or FM. Both types of YWL were greater in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, reducing power, and radical scavenging abilities than soybean meal. Cows fed UM or FM had higher blood neutrophil, white blood cell, and lymphocyte counts, as well as lower plasma malondialdehyde level, higher plasma superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate levels, and higher total antioxidant capacity in the plasma than those fed control diet. The proportion of milk unsaturated fatty acids was higher and that of saturated fatty acids was lower in UM- and FM-fed animals than in the control animals. Milk from UM- and FM-fed cows had lower malondialdehyde content but higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate content than the control cows. In conclusion, feeding TMR containing UM and FM to cows reduced both the oxidative stress in heat-stressed cows and improved the oxidative capacity of their milk.
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Development of a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for standardization of aqueous extract from the leaf of Coriandrum sativum L. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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