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Das SS, Dubey AK, Verma PRP, Singh SK, Singh SK. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis: In Vitro/ Ex Vivo Studies and Mechanistic Insights. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3367-3384. [PMID: 35980291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most fatal and neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania donovani (L. donovani). The applications of currently available chemotherapy (amphotericin B, miltefosine, and others) in VL treatment have been limited due to their poor bioavailability, unfavorable toxicity profile, and prolonged parenteral dosing. Quercetin (QT), a potent natural antioxidant, is a prominent target when conducting investigations on alternative therapies against L. donovani infections. However, the therapeutic applications of QT have been restricted due to its low solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, we developed and evaluated the antileishmanial activity (ALA) of quercetin-loaded nanoemulsion (QTNE) against L. donovani clinical strains. In vitro anti-promastigote assay results demonstrated that QTNE (IC50 6.6 μM, 48 h) significantly inhibited the growth of parasites more efficiently than the pure QT suspension in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of the anti-amastigote assay revealed that the infected macrophages (%) of QTNE were significantly more than those of the pure QT suspension at all concentrations (6.6, 26.4, and 52.8 μM; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 compared to the control). Moreover, the results of in vitro and ex vivo studies assisted in determining the mechanistic insights associated with the ALA of QTNE. The overall findings suggested that QTNE exhibited potential ALA by enhancing the intracellular ROS and nitric oxide levels, inducing distortion of membrane integrity and phosphatidylserine release (AV/PI), rupturing the parasite DNA (late apoptosis/necrosis process), and upregulating the immunomodulatory effects (IFN-γ and IL-10 levels). Additionally, QTNE showed superior biocompatibility against all of the treated healthy cells (PBMCs, PECs, and BMCs) as compared to the control. In conclusion, QTNE acts as a potential antileishmanial agent targeting both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. donovani, which thus opens a new avenue for the use of QTNE in VL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India.,Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Singh
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800007, Bihar, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Wang H, Mejia MC, Gonzalez SJ, Zoorob RJ, Chai W, Du XL. Cancer incidence and survival trends among infants in the United States from 1975 to 2014. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28917. [PMID: 33470510 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer among infants (<1 year old) has unique epidemiologic, clinical, and genetic characteristics compared with cancer in older children. Nonetheless, data on secular trends in infant cancer incidence and survival in the United States is sparse. METHODS Population-based data from nine areas of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) were used to estimate the incidence, average annual percentage change (APC) for trends, and survival of malignant neoplasm among infants from 1975 to 2014. Data were stratified by gender, race, registry, and cancer type. RESULTS There were 3437 new infant cancer cases with an overall incidence of 23.6/100 000. Neuroblastoma was the most common infant malignancy (6.5/100 000), followed by leukemia (3.8/100 000), and brain and central nervous system tumors (3.3/100 000). The incidence rate increased significantly from 1975 to 2014 (APC 0.68; 95% CI 0.30-1.06; P < .05). Variations in overall incidence rates were uneven across SEER registry geographic areas, with the lowest rates among both males and females in New Mexico. Relative to other racial distribution, infant cancer rates were highest among Whites. The relative survival rates improved over time for all tumors except for renal, sarcomas, and germ cells and were not significantly different by gender or race. CONCLUSIONS Cancer incidence among infants increased over time largely driven by leukemia, germ cell, and sarcoma mainly among male infants. The overall survival for infant cancer has improved over the past 40 years, especially since 1990 for hepatic tumors, lymphoma, and leukemia. Further research is needed to explore the potential impacts of genetic, environmental, and perinatal factors for possible explanations for these increased cancer incidence trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria Carmenza Mejia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sandra J Gonzalez
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger J Zoorob
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiwen Chai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Xianglin L Du
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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Sood A, Kumar B, Singh SK, Prashar P, Gautam A, Gulati M, Pandey NK, Melkani I, Awasthi A, Saraf SA, Vidari G, Ozdemir M, Hussain FHS, Anwar ET, Ameen MSM, Gupta S, Porwal O. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5468-5487. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826164322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. These phenolic compounds
are classified into various subgroups based on their structures: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, and
anthocyanins. They are known to perform various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic, etc. Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder
that affects several biochemical pathways and leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy,
nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Among them, the management of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major
challenges for physicians as well as the pharmaceutical industries. Naturally occurring flavonoids are extensively
used for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications due to their antioxidant properties. Moreover,
flavonoids inhibit various pathways that are involved in the progression of diabetic neuropathy like the reduction
of oxidative stress, decrease in glycogenolysis, increase glucose utilization, decrease in the formation of advanced
glycation end products, and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This review entails current updates on the
therapeutic perspectives of flavonoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This manuscript explains the pathological
aspects of neuropathic pain, the chemistry of flavonoids, and their application in amelioration of neuropathic
pain through preclinical studies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Prashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anamika Gautam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Melkani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Subhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Giovani Vidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Densitry, Tishk International University- Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Esra Tariq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Tiwari MK, Mishra PC. Scavenging of hydroxyl, methoxy, and nitrogen dioxide free radicals by some methylated isoflavones. J Mol Model 2018; 24:287. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gonçalves DR, Manthey JA, da Costa PI, Rodrigues MCM, Cesar TB. Analysis of Fluorescence Spectra of Citrus Polymethoxylated Flavones and Their Incorporation into Mammalian Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7531-7541. [PMID: 29984997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) influence biochemical cascades in human diseases, yet little is known about how these compounds interact with cells and how these associations influence the actions of these compounds. An innate attribute of PMFs is their ultraviolet-light-induced fluorescence, and the fluorescence spectra of 14 PMFs and 7 PMF metabolites were measured in methanol. These spectra were shown to be strongly influenced by the compounds' hydroxy and methoxy substituents. For a subset of these compounds, the fluorescence spectra were measured when bound to human carcinoma Huh7.5 cells. Emission-wavelength maxima of PMF metabolites with free hydroxyl substituents exhibited 70-80 nm red shifts when bound to the Huh7.5 cells. Notable solvent effects of water were observed for nearly all these compounds, and these influences likely reflect the effects of localized microenvironments on the resonance structures of these compounds when bound to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Gonçalves
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - John A Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, ARS , United States Department of Agriculture , 2001 South Rock Road , Fort Pierce , FL 34945 , United States
| | - Paulo I da Costa
- Clinical Analysis Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Marilia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara 01049-010 , Brazil
| | - Thais B Cesar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Araraquara 01049-010 , Brazil
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Scaffold-hopping of bioactive flavonoids: Discovery of aryl-pyridopyrimidinones as potent anticancer agents that inhibit catalytic role of topoisomerase IIα. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Kavoosi F, Dastjerdi MN, Valiani A, Esfandiari E, Sanaei M, Hakemi MG. Genistein potentiates the effect of 17-beta estradiol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:133. [PMID: 27656602 PMCID: PMC5025906 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.187395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. This cancer may be due to a multistep process with an accumulation of epigenetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), leading to hypermethylation of the genes. Hypermethylation of TSGs is associated with silencing and inactivation of them. It is well-known that DNA hypomethylation is the initial epigenetic abnormality recognized in human tumors. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is one of the TSGs which modulates gene transcription and its hypermethylation is because of overactivity of DNA methyltransferases. Fortunately, epigenetic changes especially hypermethylation can be reversed by pharmacological compounds such as genistein (GE) and 17-beta estradiol (E2) which involve in preventing the development of certain cancers by maintaining a protective DNA methylation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of GE on ERα and DNMT1 genes expression and also apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of GE and E2 on HCC. Materials and Methods: Cells were treated with various concentrations of GE and E2 and the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay was used. Furthermore, cells were treated with single dose of GE and E2 (25 μM) and flow cytometry assay was performed. The expression level of the genes was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: GE increased ERα and decreased DNMT1 genes expression, GE and E2 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis significantly. Conclusion: GE can epigenetically increase ERα expression by inhibition of DNMT1 expression which in turn increases apoptotic effect of E2. Furthermore, a combination of GE and E2 can induce apoptosis more significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikbakht Dastjerdi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masumeh Sanaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani Hakemi
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Genistein as antioxidant and antibrowning agents in in vivo and in vitro: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:379-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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9
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Sakamoto S, Yusakul G, Pongkitwitoon B, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Colloidal gold-based indirect competitive immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of bioactive isoflavone glycosides daidzin and genistin in soy products. Food Chem 2016; 194:191-5. [PMID: 26471543 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daidzin (DZ) and genistin (GEN) are two major soy isoflavone glycosides isolated from soybeans. Soy products containing isoflavones have recently been widely accepted for commercial use. However, the Japanese Government has suggested that soy isoflavone intake should be limited because of their estrogenic effects due to their interactions with estrogen receptors. In this study, we established a one-step indirect competitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for rapid and sensitive detection of total isoflavone glycosides (DZ and GEN) using gold nanoparticles conjugated with a monoclonal antibody against DZ. This assay was able to be completed in 15min following the immersion of a test strip in an analyte solution. Furthermore, the limit of detection for the total amount of isoflavone glycosides was ∼125ngmL(-1). Considering that the major soy isoflavone glycosides found in soy products are DZ and GEN, this study demonstrates the potential use of ICA for the assessments of over consumption of isoflavones in soy supplements and foods, which would increase the safe dietary intake of soy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Benyakan Pongkitwitoon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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10
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Darpan D, Joshi G, Amrutkar SM, Baviskar AT, Kler H, Singh S, Banerjee UC, Kumar R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2,5-dimethylthiophene/furan based N-acetyl pyrazolines as selective topoisomerase II inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on reported pharmacophores as topoisomerase inhibitors, 2,5-dimethylthiophene/furan basedN-acetyl pyrazolines were designed and envisaged as topoisomerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Darpan
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Suyog M. Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Ashish T. Baviskar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Harveen Kler
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
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11
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Zhou C, Lin H, Huang Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Yu W. Effects of dietary soybean isoflavones on non-specific immune responses and hepatic antioxidant abilities and mRNA expression of two heat shock proteins (HSPs) in juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus under pH stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:1043-53. [PMID: 26518502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of dietary soybean isoflavones on non-specific immunity and on mRNA expression of two HSPs in juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus under pH stress. Six diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of soybean isoflavones. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish in cylindrical tanks. After 56 days of feeding, 15 fish per tank were exposed to pH stress (pH ≈ 9.2) for 24 h. Serum total protein (TP), respiratory burst activity (RBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LYZ), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), cortisol, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and the relative mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and 90 (HSP90) were investigated. The results showed that after pH stress, serum TP, RBA, LYZ, C4, hepatic T-AOC and CAT levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) while serum ALT, hepatic MDA and HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). On the other hand, supplementation with soybean isoflavones significantly reduced levels of serum ALT (20, 40, 60 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups) and hepatic MDA (40, 60 and 80 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups). Supplemented groups had increased serum TP content (40 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups), RBA (20 and 40 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups), LYZ (40 and 60 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups), C3(20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups), hepatic SOD activity (40, 60 and 80 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups) as well as increased relative mRNA expression of hepatic HSP70 (40, 60 and 80 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups) and HSP90 (40 and 60 mg/kg soybean isoflavones groups) (P < 0.05). These results indicate that ingestion of a basal diet supplemented with 40-60 mg/kg soybean isoflavones could enhance resistance against pH stress in T. Ovatus to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, PR China.
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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12
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Chandra V, Kim JJ, Benbrook DM, Dwivedi A, Rai R. Therapeutic options for management of endometrial hyperplasia. J Gynecol Oncol 2015; 27:e8. [PMID: 26463434 PMCID: PMC4695458 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2016.27.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) comprises a spectrum of changes in the endometrium ranging from a slightly disordered pattern that exaggerates the alterations seen in the late proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle to irregular, hyperchromatic lesions that are similar to endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Generally, EH is caused by continuous exposure of estrogen unopposed by progesterone, polycystic ovary syndrome, tamoxifen, or hormone replacement therapy. Since it can progress, or often occur coincidentally with endometrial carcinoma, EH is of clinical importance, and the reversion of hyperplasia to normal endometrium represents the key conservative treatment for prevention of the development of adenocarcinoma. Presently, cyclic progestin or hysterectomy constitutes the major treatment option for EH without or with atypia, respectively. However, clinical trials of hormonal therapies and definitive standard treatments remain to be established for the management of EH. Moreover, therapeutic options for EH patients who wish to preserve fertility are challenging and require nonsurgical management. Therefore, future studies should focus on evaluation of new treatment strategies and novel compounds that could simultaneously target pathways involved in the pathogenesis of estradiol-induced EH. Novel therapeutic agents precisely targeting the inhibition of estrogen receptor, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction pathways are likely to constitute an optimal approach for treatment of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chandra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jong Joo Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajani Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea.
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13
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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Plant-Based and Plant-Rich Diet Patterns during Gestation: Beneficial Effects and Possible Shortcomings. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:581-91. [PMID: 26374180 PMCID: PMC4561836 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play an important role during gestation, determining newborns' health status and influencing their risk of being subject to certain noncommunicable diseases later in life. In particular, maternal nutritional patterns characterized by a low intake of plant-derived foods could increase the risk of gestation-related issues, such as preeclampsia and pregravid obesity, increase genotoxicant susceptibility, and contribute to the onset of pediatric diseases. In particular, the risk of pediatric wheeze, diabetes, neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, and some pediatric tumors seems to be reduced by maternal intake of adequate amounts of vegetables, fruits, and selected antioxidants. Nevertheless, plant-based diets, like any other diet, if improperly balanced, could be deficient in some specific nutrients that are particularly relevant during gestation, such as n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, vitamin B-12, iron, zinc, and iodine, possibly affecting the offspring's health state. Here we review the scientific literature in this field, focusing specifically on observational studies in humans, and highlight protective effects elicited by maternal diets enriched in plant-derived foods and possible issues related to maternal plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pistollato
- Center for Nutrition and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla Cano
- Center for Nutrition and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain;,International Ibero-American University, Campeche, Mexico;,Ibero-American University Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Elio
- Center for Nutrition and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain;,International Ibero-American University, Campeche, Mexico;,Ibero-American University Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Masias Vergara
- Center for Nutrition and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain;,International Ibero-American University, Arecibo, Puerto Rico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy; and Department of Specialized Clinical Sciences and Dentistry, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Center for Nutrition and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain; Department of Specialized Clinical Sciences and Dentistry, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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15
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Zhou C, Lin H, Ge X, Niu J, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen L, Huang Z, Yu W, Tan X. The effects of dietary soybean isoflavones on growth, innate immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:158-66. [PMID: 25541076 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soybean isoflavones (SI) supplementation on growth performance, innate immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression and resistance to the pathogen Vibrio harveyi in Trachinotus ovatus. A basal diet was supplemented with SI at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg kg(-1) feed for 8 weeks. Significantly maximum weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed in treatment with 40 mg kg(-1) SI supplement (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), feeding rate (FR) and survival rate were not significantly different among treatments. Fish fed a diet with 40 mg kg(-1) SI showed significant increase in plasma total protein content, complement 3 content, lysozyme activity as well as respiratory burst activity, but decrease in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities (P < 0.05). Increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, hepatic total antioxidative capacity, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity were also noticed in fish fed SI at 40 or 60 mg kg(-1) (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the lowest hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed in fish fed SI at 40 mg kg(-1) (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative level of HSP70 mRNA in fish fed SI at 40-80 mg kg(-1) were significantly increased, respectively (P < 0.05). After challenge with V. harveyi, significant higher post-challenge survival was observed in fish fed diets with 40-80 mg kg(-1) SI supplement than that in control group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary intake containing SI could enhance the immune ability of fish and improve its resistance to infection by V. harveyi. Especially supplementation with 40 mg kg(-1) SI to the fish for 8 weeks showed remarkable improvement in the growth, non-specific immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities and HSP70 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China.
| | - Jin Niu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Lixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, The South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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16
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Kim JH, Shin YC, Ko SG. Integrating traditional medicine into modern inflammatory diseases care: multitargeting by Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:154561. [PMID: 25024508 PMCID: PMC4082934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous researches were performed on prevention and treatment of inflammation related diseases, the overall incidence has not changed remarkably. This requires new approaches to overcome inflammation mediated diseases, and thus traditional medicine could be an efficacious source for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the contribution of traditional medicine, especially Rhus verniciflua Stokes, to modern medicine against diverse inflammation mediated diseases. Traditionally, this remedy has been used in Eastern Asia for the treatment of gastric problems, hepatic disorders, infectious diseases, and blood disorders. Modern science has provided the scientific basis for the use of Rhus verniciflua Stokes against such disorders and diseases. Various chemical constituents have been identified from this plant, including phenolic acid, and flavonoids. Cell-based studies have exhibited the potential of this as antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, growth inhibitory, and anticancer activities. Enormous animal studies have shown the potential of this against proinflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, liver diseases, and chemical insults. At the molecular level, this medicinal plant has been shown to modulate diverse cell-signaling pathways. In clinical studies, Rhus verniciflua Stokes has shown efficacy against various cancer patients such as colorectal, gastric, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and pulmonary cancers. Thus, this remedy is now exhibiting activities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Brinkman AM, Wu J, Ersland K, Xu W. Estrogen receptor α and aryl hydrocarbon receptor independent growth inhibitory effects of aminoflavone in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:344. [PMID: 24885022 PMCID: PMC4037283 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have implicated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a potential therapeutic target for several human diseases, including estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive breast cancer. Aminoflavone (AF), an activator of AhR signaling, is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of solid tumors. Of particular interest is the potential treatment of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), which are typically more aggressive and characterized by poorer outcomes. Here, we examined AF’s effects on two TNBC cell lines and the role of AhR signaling in AF sensitivity in these model cell lines. Methods AF sensitivity in MDA-MB-468 and Cal51 was examined using cell counting assays to determine growth inhibition (GI50) values. Luciferase assays and qPCR of AhR target genes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 were used to confirm AF-mediated AhR signaling. The requirement of endogenous levels of AhR and AhR signaling for AF sensitivity was examined in MDA-MB-468 and Cal51 cells stably harboring inducible shRNA for AhR. The mechanism of AF-mediated growth inhibition was explored using flow cytometry for markers of DNA damage and apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and β-galactosidase staining for senescence. Luciferase data was analyzed using Student’s T test. Three-parameter nonlinear regression was performed for cell counting assays. Results Here, we report that ERα-negative TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-468 and Cal51 are sensitive to AF. Further, we presented evidence suggesting that neither endogenous AhR expression levels nor downstream induction of AhR target genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 is required for AF-mediated growth inhibition in these cells. Between these two ERα negative cell lines, we showed that the mechanism of AF action differs slightly. Low dose AF mediated DNA damage, S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells, while it resulted in DNA damage, S-phase arrest and cellular senescence in Cal51 cells. Conclusions Overall, this work provides evidence against the simplified view of AF sensitivity, and suggests that AF could mediate growth inhibitory effects in ERα-positive and negative breast cancer cells, as well as cells with impaired AhR expression and signaling. While AF could have therapeutic effects on broader subtypes of breast cancer, the mechanism of cytotoxicity is complex, and likely, cell line- and tumor-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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18
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Gao R, Schellenberg MJ, Huang SYN, Abdelmalak M, Marchand C, Nitiss KC, Nitiss JL, Williams RS, Pommier Y. Proteolytic degradation of topoisomerase II (Top2) enables the processing of Top2·DNA and Top2·RNA covalent complexes by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17960-9. [PMID: 24808172 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic type II topoisomerases (Top2α and Top2β) are homodimeric enzymes; they are essential for altering DNA topology by the formation of normally transient double strand DNA cleavage. Anticancer drugs (etoposide, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone) and also Top2 oxidation and DNA helical alterations cause potentially irreversible Top2·DNA cleavage complexes (Top2cc), leading to Top2-linked DNA breaks. Top2cc are the therapeutic mechanism for killing cancer cells. Yet Top2cc can also generate recombination, translocations, and apoptosis in normal cells. The Top2 protein-DNA covalent complexes are excised (in part) by tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2/TTRAP/EAP2/VPg unlinkase). In this study, we show that irreversible Top2cc induced in suicidal substrates are not processed by TDP2 unless they first undergo proteolytic processing or denaturation. We also demonstrate that TDP2 is most efficient when the DNA attached to the tyrosyl is in a single-stranded configuration and that TDP2 can efficiently remove a tyrosine linked to a single misincorporated ribonucleotide or to polyribonucleotides, which expands the TDP2 catalytic profile with RNA substrates. The 1.6-Å resolution crystal structure of TDP2 bound to a substrate bearing a 5'-ribonucleotide defines a mechanism through which RNA can be accommodated in the TDP2 active site, albeit in a strained conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Matthew J Schellenberg
- the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and
| | - Shar-Yin N Huang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Monica Abdelmalak
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Christophe Marchand
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Karin C Nitiss
- the Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois 61107
| | - John L Nitiss
- the Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois 61107
| | - R Scott Williams
- the Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and
| | - Yves Pommier
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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Roccisano D, Henneberg M, Saniotis A. A possible cause of Alzheimer's dementia - industrial soy foods. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:250-4. [PMID: 24440006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's data indicate that at present, approximately one new case of this form of dementia is identified in the USA every 68 s and that by 2050 the incidence will be about every 33 s, with projections from the Alzheimer Association (USA) indicating that nearly 25% of Americans will be affected by Alzheimer's dementia by 2031. Despite the numerous advances in medical science and neurological research, the causes are still unknown and the incidence is not decreasing or levelling out. Most research on the causes of Alzheimer's dementia indicates the possible roles of viruses, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, psychological depression, high blood pressure, frequent inflammation, environmental or domestic chemicals and toxins, or inescapable genetic factors. Alzheimer's, being the degeneration of parts of the neural pathways in the brain, may indeed involve neuro-toxic compounds that can bypass the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is necessary to examine what is prolific in the environment and, in particular, the food supply. One of the many suggestions in the literature is the ingestion of food items derived from unfermented soybean products; the anti-thyroid, anti-nutrient, and endocrine disruption properties of soy can have a deleterious effect in many individuals. Among the many theories and different factors that may be involved in dementiae, soy consumption may be a significant contributor to Alzheimer's dementia, and it cannot be excluded as a possible contributing cause. Our hypothesis argues that consumption of soy food products may contribute to the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's dementia and other dementiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roccisano
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - M Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - A Saniotis
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Snyder RD, Holt PA, Maguire JM, Trent JO. Prediction of noncovalent Drug/DNA interaction using computational docking models: studies with over 1350 launched drugs. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:668-681. [PMID: 23893771 DOI: 10.1002/em.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent chemical/DNA interactions, for example, intercalation and groove-binding, may be more important to genomic integrity than previously appreciated, and there may very well be genotoxic consequences of that binding. It is of importance, then, to develop methods allowing a determination or prediction of such interactions. This would have particular utility in the pharmaceutical industry where genotoxicity is, for the most part, disallowed in new drug entities. We have previously used DNA docking simulations to assess if molecules had structure and charge characteristics which could accommodate noncovalent binding via, for example, electrostatic/hydrogen bonding. We here extend those earlier studies by examining a series of over 1,350 "launched" drugs for ability to noncovalently bind 10 different DNA sequences using two computational programs: Autodock and Surflex. These drugs were also evaluated for binding to the crystallographic ATP-binding site of human topoisomerase II. The results obtained clearly demonstrate multiple series of noncovalent DNA binding structure activity relationships which would not have been predicted based on cursory structural examination. Many drugs within these series are genotoxic although not via any commonly recognized structural covalent alerts. The present studies confirm previously implicated features such as N-dialkyl groups and specific N-aryl ketones as potential genotoxic chemical moieties acting through noncovalent mechanisms. These initial studies provide considerable evidence that DNA intercalation may be an important, largely overlooked, source of drug-induced genotoxicity and further suggest involvement of topoisomerase in that genotoxicity.
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21
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Sharma NK. Modulation of radiation-induced and mitomycin C-induced chromosome damage by apigenin in human lymphocytes in vitro. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:789-797. [PMID: 23764456 PMCID: PMC3766282 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin (APG), a flavone, is known to exhibit antioxidant, antimutagenic and antitumorigenic activity, both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the modulatory effects of APG on human lymphocytes after irradiation with gamma rays (3 Gy) or treatment with the antineoplastic agent, mitomycin C (MMC), in vitro. Cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cytochalasin-B blocked micronuclei (CBMN), were studied in blood lymphocytes treated with radiation, or antineoplastic agent (MMC), and APG. Whole blood lymphocytes were cultured in vitro using a standard protocol. No significant differences were found in the frequency of CAs or micronuclei (MN) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated with gamma rays (3 Gy) and then post-treated with APG. There was an increase in the frequency of SCEs per cell in APG-treated samples compared with the controls. Lymphocytes treated with MMC in the presence of APG exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the frequency of SCEs compared with MMC treatment alone. The data for the MN test indicated that APG treatment significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the frequency of MMC-induced MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder K Sharma
- Genetic Toxicology and Chromosome Studies Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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22
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Bektaş H, Ceylan Ş, Demirbaş N, Alpay-Karaoğlu Ş, Sökmen BB. Antimicrobial and antiurease activities of newly synthesized morpholine derivatives containing an azole nucleus. Med Chem Res 2013; 22:3629-3639. [PMID: 23807823 PMCID: PMC3685705 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2-[6-(Morpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino]acetohydrazide (4) was obtained starting from 6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-amine (2) via the formation of ester (3) and then converted to the corresponding Schiff bases (5, 6) with the reaction with aromatic aldehydes. The carbothioamide (9), obtained from the reaction of hydrazide with phenylisothiocyanate, was converted to the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole (11) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole (12) derivatives by the treatment with NaOH or H2SO4, respectively. The cyclocondenzation of 9 with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide or ethyl bromoacetate produced the corresponding 1,3-thiazole (10) or 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives (13), respectively. Antimicrobial and antiurease activities of newly synthesized compounds were investigated. Some of them were found to be active on M. smegmatis, and they displayed activity toward C. albicans and S. cerevisiae in high concentration. Compound 10 proved to be the most potent showing an enzyme inhibition activity with an IC50 = 2.37 ± 0.19 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Bektaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Şule Ceylan
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forest, Artvin Coruh University, 08100 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demirbaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Şengül Alpay-Karaoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rize University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sökmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
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Hwang K, Chung RS, Schmitt JM, Buck D, Winn SR, Hollinger JO. The Effect of Topical Genistein on Soft Tissue Wound Healing in Rats. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2001.24.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 38:15-25. [PMID: 23161396 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens with potent estrogenic activity; genistein, daidzein and glycitein are the most active isoflavones found in soy beans. Phytoestrogens have similarity in structure with the human female hormone 17-β-estradiol, which can bind to both alpha and beta estrogen receptors, and mimic the action of estrogens on target organs, thereby exerting many health benefits when used in some hormone-dependent diseases. Numerous clinical studies claim benefits of genistein and daidzein in chemoprevention of breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis as well as in relieving postmenopausal symptoms. The ability of isoflavones to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases largely depends on pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, in particular absorption and distribution to the target tissue. The chemical form in which isoflavones occur is important because it influences their bioavailability and, therefore, their biological activity. Glucose-conjugated isoflavones are highly polar, water-soluble compounds. They are hardly absorbed by the intestinal epithelium and have weaker biological activities than the corresponding aglycone. Different microbial families of colon can transform glycosylated isoflavones into aglycones. Clinical studies show important differences between the aglycone and conjugated forms of genistein and daidzein. The evaluation of isoflavone metabolism and bioavailability is crucial to understanding their biological effects. Lipid-based formulations such as drug incorporation into oils, emulsions and self-microemulsifying formulations have been introduced to increase bioavailability. Complexation with cyclodextrin also represent a valid method to improve the physicochemical characteristics of these substances in order to be absorbed and distributed to target tissues. We review and discuss pharmacokinetic issues that critically influence the biological activity of isoflavones.
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Deodhar M, Wood K, Black DS, Kumar N. Synthesis of oxygenated 4-arylisoflavans and 4-arylflavans. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Wong ILK, Chan KF, Chan TH, Chow LMC. Flavonoid dimers as novel, potent antileishmanial agents. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8891-902. [PMID: 22989363 DOI: 10.1021/jm301172v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study found that synthetic flavonoid dimers with either polyethylene glycol linker or amino ethyleneglycol linker have marked leishmanicidal activity. Compound 39 showed very consistent and promising leishmanicidal activity for both extracellular promastigotes (IC₅₀ ranging from 0.13 to 0.21 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC₅₀ = 0.63 μM) irrespective of the drug-sensitivity of parasites. Moreover, compound 39 displayed no toxicity toward macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC₅₀ > 100 μM) and primary mouse peritoneal elicited macrophages (IC₅₀ > 88 μM). Its high value of therapeutic index (>140) was better than other highly potent antileishmanials such as amphotericin B (therapeutic index = 119). Compound 39 is therefore a new, safe, and effective antileishmanial candidate compound which is even effective against drug-refractory parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L K Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory for Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Synthesis, biological assay in vitro and molecular docking studies of new Schiff base derivatives as potential urease inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5473-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Xiao ZP, Ma TW, Fu WC, Peng XC, Zhang AH, Zhu HL. The synthesis, structure and activity evaluation of pyrogallol and catechol derivatives as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5064-70. [PMID: 20801557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huang R, Singh M, Dillon GH. Genistein directly inhibits native and recombinant NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58:1246-51. [PMID: 20303997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein has been widely used to examine potential effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on neurotransmitter function. We report here that genistein inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors through a direct effect. Whole-cell NMDA-activated current was recorded in native receptors from mouse hippocampal slice culture and rat recombinant NR1aNR2A and NR1aNR2B receptors transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. Extracellular application of genistein and NMDA reversibly inhibited NMDA-activated current. The inhibition of NMDA-activated current by genistein applied externally was not affected when genistein was also pre-equilibrated in the intracellular solution. Daidzein, an analog of genistein that does not block PTK, also inhibited NMDA-activated current. Coapplication of lavendustin A, a specific inhibitor of PTK, had no effect on the NMDA response. Moreover, genistein-induced inhibition of NMDA-activated current displayed concentration- and voltage-dependence. Our results demonstrate that genistein has a direct inhibitory effect on NMDA receptors that is not mediated via inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Thus, other PTK inhibitors may be more suitable for studying involvement of PTKs in NMDA receptor-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Choi KY, Kim TJ, Koh SK, Roh CH, Pandey BP, Lee N, Kim BG. A-ringortho-specific monohydroxylation of daidzein by cytochrome P450s ofNocardia farcinicaIFM10152. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1586-95. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pakalapati G, Li L, Gretz N, Koch E, Wink M. Influence of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on gene and protein expression profiles in liver of ovariectomized rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:845-855. [PMID: 19409770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones such as genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, and glycetin are fairly abundant in red clover (Trifolium pratense, Fabaceae) and show estrogenic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. To explore these effects mediated by red clover extract at the gene and protein levels, female ovariectomized rats were treated with an isoflavone rich extract of T. pratense. The experimental rats were divided into 2 groups of five animals each: a) control b) experimental group (red clover extract treated with 450mg/kg/day for four days). The treatment influenced the plasma lipid levels differentially. Plasma LDL concentrations were significantly reduced (p<0.05), whereas triglycerides increased (p<0.05). Plasma HDL and total cholesterol remained unchanged. The rat livers were examined for their differential gene expression by Affymetrix Rae230 DNA microarrays. In addition, the total liver proteins were separated by 2D PAGE and proteins, which showed differences in their intensities were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The extract influenced the transcript levels of many novel estrogen and non-estrogen responsive genes as well as other regulatory genes. Functional annotations indicate that genes involved in metabolic pathways, information processing, membrane transport regulation, signal transduction and other cellular processes were regulated. Quantitative reverse transcription analysis with real-time PCR confirmed that red clover extract regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism and antioxidation mechanisms. Proteomic analysis support the potential of red clover extract to modulate the lipid metabolism. In summary isoflavone rich red clover extract mediates numerous genomic and non-genomic effects, which influence besides the lipid metabolism a broad range of cellular functions, including metabolic actions, cell cycle regulation and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Pakalapati
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, INF 364, Heidelberg, Germany
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Schnyder S, Du NT, Le HB, Singh S, Loredo GA, Vaughan AT. Estrogen treatment induces MLL aberrations in human lymphoblastoid cells. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1400-4. [PMID: 19264358 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicates increased risk of infant acute leukemia involving MLL gene aberrations with use of oral contraceptives. To determine whether estrogens might be implicated, we examined the effect of estradiol (E2) or 4-OH-E2 in an in vitro model of translocation susceptibility. Genomic DNA from the TK6 human lymphoblastoid cell line was screened by ligation mediated PCR and inverse PCR at a rearrangement hot spot within the MLL breakpoint cluster region to detect DNA aberrations. An increase in DNA double strand breaks was observed within this region after exposure to either E2 or 4-OH-E2. An increase in the frequency of MLL translocations was only found after exposure to E2. Induction of cleavage due to increased activation of apoptotic nucleases was excluded by pre-treatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD.fmk. We conclude that concentrations of E2 and 4-OH-E2 that may occur during pregnancy, or during use of oral contraceptives, can cause aberrations of the MLL gene and could thus be a factor in the early events of leukemogenesis occurring in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schnyder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 4501 X Street, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Esselen M, Fritz J, Hutter M, Marko D. Delphinidin Modulates the DNA-Damaging Properties of Topoisomerase II Poisons. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:554-64. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800293v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Esselen
- Section of Food Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jessica Fritz
- Section of Food Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Hutter
- Section of Food Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Section of Food Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Teillet F, Boumendjel A, Boutonnat J, Ronot X. Flavonoids as RTK inhibitors and potential anticancer agents. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:715-45. [PMID: 18080331 DOI: 10.1002/med.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) play a crucial role in the regulation of the cell division cycle. Currently more than 50 RTKs divided into several subfamilies have been described. The inhibition of these enzymes has emerged as an important research-area. Compounds able to inhibit the activity of these enzymes are expected to display antiproliferative properties. Flavonoids are representative of various small molecules acting as RTK inhibitors. These naturally occurring compounds are able to bind to the ATP-binding site of several kinases. The most plausible current hypothesis explaining the action of these substances on kinases is that the chromenone moiety of the flavonoid acts as a mimetic of the adenine moiety of ATP, the receptor co-factor. In this review, we report recent results on the activity of natural and synthetic derivatives of flavonoids as inhibitors of RTKs. Mechanistic aspects, the therapeutic usefulness, and the potential clinical use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Teillet
- Laboratoire de Dynamique Cellulaire, EPHE, Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG, UMR-CNRS 5525, Université Joseph Fourier, Pavillon Taillefer, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France
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Gupta S, Moulik SP, Lala S, Basu MK, Sanyal SK, Datta S. Designing and Testing of an Effective Oil-in-Water Microemulsion Drug Delivery System forIn VivoApplication. Drug Deliv 2008; 12:267-73. [PMID: 16188725 DOI: 10.1080/10717540500176373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase behavior of a new psedoternary system of clove oil/Tween 20 has been studied. Several compositions from the single-phase region were selected and their stability toward time, temperature, and electrolytes has been examined. A particular composition(clove oil/Tween 20/water as 5/30/65) was chosen as the drug delivery system from the clear oil-in-water zone of the pseudoternary system. The droplet dimension and the polydispersity state of the particular composition was determined by dynamic light scattering. A bioactive compound quarcetin was encapsulated in the vehicle. The efficacy of the drug in the vehicle was examined against leishmaniasis in hamster models. The hepatotoxicity of the vehicle (o/w microemulsion) with and without the drug quarcetin was examined by estimating serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, urea, and creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Centre for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
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36
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Ross JA. Environmental and Genetic Susceptibility to MLL-Defined Infant Leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2008:83-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgn007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pop EA, Fischer LM, Coan AD, Gitzinger M, Nakamura J, Zeisel SH. Effects of a high daily dose of soy isoflavones on DNA damage, apoptosis, and estrogenic outcomes in healthy postmenopausal women: a phase I clinical trial. Menopause 2008; 15:684-92. [PMID: 18446090 PMCID: PMC2574732 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318167b8f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A phase I double-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high oral dose of soy isoflavones administered daily for 84 days to healthy postmenopausal women. Principal outcome measures included DNA damage, apoptosis, and changes indicative of estrogenic stimulation. DESIGN After eligibility and equol-producer status were determined, stratified randomization was used to assign women to the isoflavone (active) or placebo group. Of the 30 women who completed the study, 18 were in the active group. DNA damage was assessed via COMET and apurinic/apyrimidinic site assays in lymphocytes. Apoptosis was evaluated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and activated caspase-3 assays in lymphocytes. Estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects were assessed using a self-report questionnaire and by assaying for estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin in blood. RESULTS In treated postmenopausal women, there was no indication that high doses of soy isoflavones caused DNA strand breakage, increased apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, or increased apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes. There were no significant changes in mean values for estrogenic effects or other laboratory measurements. Very few adverse events occurred, and the only drug-related adverse events were mild or grade 1 in severity. CONCLUSIONS Unconjugated soy isoflavones appear to be safe and well tolerated in healthy postmenopausal women at doses of 900 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Pop
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
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Atteritano M, Pernice F, Mazzaferro S, Mantuano S, Frisina A, D'Anna R, Cannata ML, Bitto A, Squadrito F, Frisina N, Buemi M. Effects of phytoestrogen genistein on cytogenetic biomarkers in postmenopausal women: 1 year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 589:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Zweidler-McKay
- The Children's Cancer Hospital at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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40
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Abstract
It is estimated that nearly one-third of all cancer deaths in the United States could be prevented through appropriate dietary modification. Various dietary antioxidants have shown considerable promise as effective agents for cancer prevention by reducing oxidative stress which has been implicated in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, for reducing the incidence of cancer, modifications in dietary habits, especially by increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, are increasingly advocated. Accumulating research evidence suggests that many dietary factors may be used alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapeutic agents to prevent the occurrence of cancer, their metastatic spread, or even to treat cancer. The reduced cancer risk and lack of toxicity associated with high intake of fruits and vegetables suggest that specific concentrations of antioxidant agents from these dietary sources may produce cancer chemopreventive effects without causing significant levels of toxicity. This review presents an extensive analysis of the key findings from studies on the effects of dietary antioxidants such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, pomegranate, and lupeol against cancers of the skin, prostate, breast, lung, and liver. This research is also leading to the identification of novel cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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41
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like substances produced by plants that account for some of the constituents present in vegetation that may be responsible for the health benefits of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Phytoestrogens have a plethora of different actions that they are capable of exerting on cellular metabolism. This review will focus on some of the major non-estrogen receptor-mediated cellular effects used by phytoestrogens and will draw attention to the fact that while they may have a number of beneficial effects, particularly in offering a protective effect against some hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, they may also have possible unfavorable effects by interfering with the functioning of normal cellular activities such as receptor-mediated signal transduction and DNA replication, as well as being genotoxic, mutagenic and promoting the proliferation of some cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H J Martin
- University of Wolverhampton, Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, UK.
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42
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Linka RM, Porter AC, Volkov A, Mielke C, Boege F, Christensen MO. C-terminal regions of topoisomerase IIalpha and IIbeta determine isoform-specific functioning of the enzymes in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:3810-22. [PMID: 17526531 PMCID: PMC1920234 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II removes supercoils and catenanes generated during DNA metabolic processes such as transcription and replication. Vertebrate cells express two genetically distinct isoforms (alpha and beta) with similar structures and biochemical activities but different biological roles. Topoisomerase IIalpha is essential for cell proliferation, whereas topoisomerase IIbeta is required only for aspects of nerve growth and brain development. To identify the structural features responsible for these differences, we exchanged the divergent C-terminal regions (CTRs) of the two human isoforms (alpha 1173-1531 and beta 1186-1621) and tested the resulting hybrids for complementation of a conditional topoisomerase IIalpha knockout in human cells. Proliferation was fully supported by all enzymes bearing the alpha CTR. The alpha CTR also promoted chromosome binding of both enzyme cores, and was by itself chromosome-bound, suggesting a role in enzyme targeting during mitosis. In contrast, enzymes bearing the beta CTR supported proliferation only rarely and when expressed at unusually high levels. A similar analysis of the divergent N-terminal regions (alpha 1-27 and beta 1-43) revealed no role in isoform-specific functions. Our results show that it is the CTRs of human topoisomerase II that determine their isoform-specific functions in proliferating cells. They also indicate persistence of some functional redundancy between the two isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- René M. Linka
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew C.G. Porter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Arsen Volkov
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christian Mielke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Fritz Boege
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Morten O. Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Gene Targeting Group, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +49 211 8118036; +49 211 8118021;
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Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani S, Janssen J, Maas LM, Godschalk RWL, Nijhuis JG, van Schooten FJ. Dietary flavonoids induce MLL translocations in primary human CD34+ cells. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1703-9. [PMID: 17468513 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities leading to infant leukemias already occur during fetal development and often involve rearrangements of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. These rearrangements resemble the aberrations observed in therapy-related leukemias following treatment with topoisomerase II (topoII)-inhibiting agents such as etoposide. Since flavonoids are potent topoII inhibitors, we examined the role of three widely consumed dietary flavonoids (quercetin, genistein and kaempferol) on the development of MLL rearrangements in primary human CD34(+) cells. Using the neutral Comet assay, we demonstrated a dose-dependent double-strand break (DSB) formation after exposure to flavonoids. An incorrect repair of these DSBs resulted in chromosomal translocations that co-localized with those identified in infant leukemias. Most of these translocations were formed by microhomology-mediated end joining. Moreover, in all but one translocation, SINE/Alu or LINE/L1 repetitive elements were present in at least one side of the breakpoint junction. Beside MLL translocations, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated monosomy or trisomy of MLL in 8-10% of the quercetin-exposed CD34(+) cells. Our study demonstrates that biologically relevant concentrations of flavonoids can induce MLL abnormalities in primary hematopoietic progenitor cells. This is particularly alarming knowing that the differences in metabolism and excretion rate between mother and fetus can lead to a higher flavonoid concentration on the fetal side. Therefore, it is important to raise public awareness and set guidelines for marketing flavonoid supplements to reduce the risk of infant leukemias.
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Cabrera M, Simoens M, Falchi G, Lavaggi ML, Piro OE, Castellano EE, Vidal A, Azqueta A, Monge A, de Ceráin AL, Sagrera G, Seoane G, Cerecetto H, González M. Synthetic chalcones, flavanones, and flavones as antitumoral agents: biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3356-67. [PMID: 17383189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of synthetic chalcones, flavanones, and flavones has been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against the human kidney carcinoma cells TK-10, human mammary adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive), and human colon adenocarcinoma cells HT-29. The most active series is the chalcone ones with the best results against TK-10 and HT-29 cells. Fourteen out of 53 analyzed compounds resulted very active against at least two of the studied tumoral cells. Alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis, comet assay, was performed as a study of the chromosomal aberrations promoted by the compounds on normal cells. Four active and two inactive chalcones were studied in the comet assay against normal human kidney cells (HK-2). A structure-activity relationship analysis of these compounds was performed and for 4- and 3,4-disubstituted derivatives a quantitative correlation was obtained in the case of anti-HT-29 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Noel S, Kasinathan M, Rath SK. Evaluation of apigenin using in vitro cytochalasin blocked micronucleus assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:1168-72. [PMID: 16759833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High doses of flavonoids are reported to be clastogenic in contrast to their potential to reduce oxidative DNA damage, retard growth of leukemia cells, obstruct cell signal transduction and induce cellular differentiation in cancers. In the present study, we evaluated apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid in doses of 10, 33, and 100 microM per 5 ml culture using cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay in peripheral human lymphocytes. Apigenin was found to induce micronuclei in a dose dependent manner indicating potential genotoxic hazard in humans. Hence, flavonoids may act as mutagen, pro-oxidant or as inhibitor of key enzymes to produce clastogenic effects depending upon the levels consumed as well as the physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Noel
- Genotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Toxicology, Central Drug Research Institute, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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46
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Niculescu MD, Pop EA, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH. Dietary isoflavones differentially induce gene expression changes in lymphocytes from postmenopausal women who form equol as compared with those who do not. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 18:380-90. [PMID: 16963248 PMCID: PMC2441946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies suggest that dietary soy isoflavones reduce cancer risk, ameliorate postmenopausal syndrome and decrease bone resorption in postmenopausal women. The capacity to form the metabolite equol from daidzein is suggested as an important modulator of response to isoflavones; this capacity depends on gut colonization with appropriate bacteria. We administered a dietary supplement containing high-dose purified soy isoflavones (genistein, 558 mg/day; daidzein, 296 mg/day; and glycitein, 44 mg/day) to 30 postmenopausal women for 84 days and collected peripheral lymphocytes at timed intervals. Using microarray analysis, we determined whether changes in gene expression associated with this treatment support existing hypotheses as to isoflavones' mechanisms of action. Expression of a large number of genes was altered by isoflavone treatment, including induction of genes associated with cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and cell differentiation and decreased expression of genes associated with cyclin-dependent kinase activity and cell division. We report that isoflavone treatment in subjects who have the capacity to produce equol differentially affects gene expression as compared with nonproducers, supporting the plausibility of the importance of equol production. In general, isoflavones had a stronger effect on some putative estrogen-responsive genes in equol producers than in nonproducers. Our study suggests that, in humans, isoflavone changes are related to increased cell differentiation, increased cAMP signaling and G-protein-coupled protein metabolism and increased steroid hormone receptor activity and have some estrogen agonist effects; equol-production status is likely to be an important modulator of responses to isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 919 843 4731; fax: +1 919 843 8555. E-mail address: (S.H. Zeisel)
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Xu YY, Yang C, Li SN. Effects of genistein on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:828-37. [PMID: 16626761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a phytoestrogen with selective estrogen receptor modulator properties, has received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of its potentially preventive roles against cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise molecular mechanisms for this modulation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated (both in vivo and in vitro) the relationship between genistein and the changes of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), serum and tissue (aorta). ACE expression was assessed by the immunofluorescence and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Serum and tissue ACE activity was detected with a commercial kit. Genistein exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of ACE, particularly at higher concentrations (24.70+/-1.20 at 100microM, P<0.01, and 18.22+/-0.92 at 200microM, P<0.01 compared with the control group 50.49+/-5.19). The estrogen receptor blocker tamoxifen at 100microM attenuated this effect of genistein. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker PD98059 also markedly inhibited this effect. The observations in vivo were highly consistent with the data in RAECs. These results indicate that genistein inhibits the expression of ACE via estrogen receptor and subsequently ERK1/2 signaling pathway in RAECs. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of ACE with a consequent change in the circulating levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), vasorelaxant angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and bradykinin plays an important role in cardiovascular effects of genistein through the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Sen N, Das BB, Ganguly A, Banerjee B, Sen T, Majumder HK. Leishmania donovani: intracellular ATP level regulates apoptosis-like death in luteolin induced dyskinetoplastid cells. Exp Parasitol 2006; 114:204-14. [PMID: 16707127 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis presents a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign cutaneous lesions to the often-fatal visceralizing form. Luteolin, a dietary flavone induces apoptosis-like death in both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania, the causative agent of the diseases. Here, we have elucidated the mechanism of action of luteolin by analyzing the mitochondrial and cytosolic changes associated with apoptosis-like death of leishmanial cells. In Leishmania donovani, treatment with luteolin induces the loss of both maxicircles and minicircles which resulted in the formation of dyskinetoplastid cells. The loss of mitochondrial DNA causes reduction in the activities of complex I, II, III, and IV of electron transport chain. However, the mitochondrial ATPase activity of complex V remains almost unaltered during treatment with luteolin but the sensitivity to oligomycin is lost. The inactivation of ETC complex is associated with decrease in mitochondrial as well as glycolytic ATP production, which is responsible for depolarization of Deltapsi(m) and alteration in mitochondrial structure. This event is followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in mt-DNA depleted leishmanial cells and causes an activation of caspase like proteases. Collectively our results provide the first insight into the mechanistic pathway of apoptosis-like death where inhibition of glycolytic ATP production is an essential event responsible for depolarization of Deltapsi(m) in mt-DNA depleted cells to propagate apoptosis-like death in leishmanial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkantha Sen
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Bocian W, Kawęcki R, Bednarek E, Sitkowski J, Ulkowska A, Kozerski L. Interaction of flavonoid topoisomerase I and II inhibitors with DNA oligomers. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gu Y, Zhu CF, Iwamoto H, Chen JS. Genistein inhibits invasive potential of human hepatocellular carcinoma by altering cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6512-7. [PMID: 16425425 PMCID: PMC4355795 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i41.6512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of genistein on invasive potential of Bel 7402 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to explore the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: Bel 7402 HCC cells were exposed to genistein. The invasive activity of tumor cells was assayed in transwell cell culture chamber. p125FAK expression and cell cycle were evaluated by a functional assay. Cell apoptosis analysis was performed with TUNEL method. In addition, bilateral subrenal capsule xenograft transplantation of HCC was performed in 10 nude mice. Genistein was injected and the invasion of HCC into the renal parenchyma was observed. Microvessels with immunohistochemical staining were detected.
RESULTS: Genistein significantly inhibited the growth of Bel 7402 cells, the inhibitory rate of tumor cells was 26–42%. The invasive potential of Bel 7402 cells in vitro was significantly inhibited, the inhibitory rate was 11–28%. Genistein caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, S phase decreased significantly. The occurrence of apoptosis in genistein group increased significantly. The expression of p125FAK in 5 μg/mL genistein group (15.26±0.16%) and 10 μg/mL genistein group (12.89±0.36%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (19.75±1.12%, P<0.05). Tumor growth in genistein-treated nude mice was significantly retarded in comparison to control mice, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth was about 20%. Genistein also significantly inhibited the invasion of Bel 7402 cells into the renal parenchyma of nude mice with xenograft transplant. The positive unit value of microvessels in genistein-treated group (10.422 ± 0.807) was significantly lower than that in control group (22.330 ± 5.696, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Genistein can effectively inhibit the invasive potential of Bel 7402 HCC cells by altering cell cycle, apoptosis and angiogenesis, inhibition of focal adhesion kinase may play a significant role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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